The document provides information about street art, including its definition, history, examples of different styles (e.g. graffiti, murals, stickers), and the legality of street art. It notes that street art began as gang graffiti in New York in the 1920s-1930s and grew into a movement in the 1970s-1980s as young people used it to express political views. While most street art is illegal, some cities provide designated walls where graffiti is permitted. The laws governing street art as well as penalties for violating these laws are also summarized.

1. Street art
Adrianna Woszczynska, 305575

2. What is street art?
Street art is visual art usually created in public locations,
most of the time unsanctioned artwork created outside of the
context of traditional art venues. Many people don’t
recognise this artwork as art and tend to compare it to
vandalism. Street art include different kind of terms, for
example: graffiti artwork, stencil graffiti, sticker art,
wheatpasting and street poster art. There’s no one way to
describe this art, with anti-capitalist and rebellious
undertones, it is a democratic form of popular public art
probably best understood by seeing it in situ.

3. History of
street art.
Some of the earliest expressions of street art were
certainly the graffiti, which started showing up on the
sides of trains, cars and walls. This was the work of gangs
in the 1920s and 1930s New York. The impact of this
subversive culture was extraordinarily felt in the 1970s
and 1980s. These decades were a significant turning
point in the history of street art – it was a time when
young people, by responding to their socio-political
environment, started creating a movement, taking the
‘battle for meaning’ into their own hands. Soon, this
subcultural phenomenon gained the attention and respect
in the ‘grown-up’ world. From the fingers and cans of
teenagers, it had taken a form of true artistic expression.
Essentially an illegal activity, a process of creation through destruction began
its evolution into numerous forms of artistic expression which found it’s way to
galleries and the global art market. Although still subversive, and in its large
part an illegal movement, through art enthusiasts and professionals, street art
earned its place in the contemporary art world.

4. Examples of modern street art

5. Examples of legal street art

6. LEGALITY OF STREET ART

7. Laws regarding street art (rules against
illegal graffiti)
Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003
The anti-social behaviour act 2003 introduced powers for local councils to punish
offenders and to help them clean up illegal graffiti. The only way of producing
legal graffiti within the council is by using free walls provided locally (only in
some places). The powers under the Act include the following:
Local authorities have the power to give clean-up notices to owners of street
furniture for example phone boxes if they have graffiti on them The notice will
state that if the property is not cleaned within 28 days the local authority will
be able to remove the graffiti themselves charging the owner for this service.

8. ● The Act also makes it an offence to sell spray paint to people under the age
of 16. It is the duty of shopkeepers to prove that they took reasonable steps
to determine the age of the person. If they did not do this they can be fined
up to £2,500.
The Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment act 2005
Fixed penalty notices: The Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 as amended by
the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 gives local
authorities the power to issue fixed penalty notice for anyone caught doing
graffiti. While the individual is subject to the fixed penalty notice no criminal
proceedings can be brought against him for 14 days after he has become
subject to the notice or if he pays the notice.

9. The Clean Neighbourhoods Act specifies the usual fixed penalty for this offence to
be £75. The local authority is able to specify a higher or lower penalty however if it
deems to be necessary. Failure to comply with the fixed penalty notice will result
in a criminal sanction.
Criminal Damage Act 1971
Section 6 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 provides for the offences in relation
to graffiti. Someone caught doing graffiti will be guilty of a criminal act and can
be fined up to £5,000 if the damage they have caused is less than £5,000.
Alternatively they may be given a community service order rather than a fine
which is often the case in relation to young offenders.
If the cost of the damage is over £5,000 then the case will be referred to the
Crown Court which has the scope for tougher sentences.

10. Currently the Criminal Damage Act does not give stop and search powers
meaning that people stopped who have been thought to have been carrying out
graffiti cannot be searched for spray cans and such like.
Antisocial Behaviour Order (ASBO)
Anyone over the age of 10 can be gives an ASBO if they behave antisocially.
Behaving antisocially includes:
● Drunken or threatening behaviour.
● Vandalism and graffiti.
● Playing loud music at night.
Getting an ASBO means you won’t be allowed to do certain things, such as:
● Going to a particular place, example; your local town centre.

11. Spending time with people who are known as trouble-makers.
Drinking on the streets.
As ASBO will last for at least 2 years. It could be reviewed if your behaviour
improves.Penalties for not obeying your ASBO.
Breaking or “breaching” the ASBO is a criminal offence and you can be taken to court. The sentence
you get will depend on the circumstances and your age.
● Young offenders.
You can be fined up to £250 (if you’re ages 10 to 14) or up to £1,000 (if you’re ages 15 to 17). The
fine may have to be paid by your parents if you’re under 16. You might also get community sentence
or, if you're over 12, a detention and training order (DTO) for up to 24 months.
● Adult offenders.
You can be fined up to £5,000 or sentenced to 5 years in prison, or both.

12. Where does Graffiti Fall under intellectual property law?
Whether or not graffiti is subject to intellectual property (IP) laws are often
determined by circumstance, the type of property the graffiti exists on, and who
owns that property. Artists, in general, are allowed to claim copyright protection
to prevent others from stealing their work and ideas, and also making profit
from those.
One of these cases regards a famous British street artist called Banksy. He
created a mural on the side of a building, which has stood for years and a not-for-
profit art gallery removed his work. However, the notoriety of Banksy was
something the owners of the building realised, and they claimed that the mural
was worth an estimated $100,000, proceeding to file for damages against the
gallery that removed the mural.

13. Legal graffiti walls
Free walls:
Many local councils within the UK try and provide spaces for
graffiti artists to present their artwork legally. It is a good way
to deal with it within the society because it gives people a
clear indication of where they can do it (and do it legally) and
where they can’t. Example:
Glossop (https://legal-walls.net/wall/1038),
Mossley (https://legal-walls.net/wall/481),
Stalybridge (https://legal-walls.net/wall/1039)

14. STREET ART GUIDE

15. Tagging This is an example of tagging in
Manchester Northern quarter. A
tag is the most basic writing of an
artist’s name; it is simple a
handstyle. A graffiti writer’s tag is
his or her personalized signature.
Tags can contain subtle and
sometimes cryptic messages, and
may incorporate the artist’s crew
initials or other letters. Tagging
tends to be illegal and if caught
doing there are fines.

16. Commissioned Mural
Commissioned murals is a
type of street art where the
owners of the particular place
pay the artist to create
something on their property.
These type of murals are legal
since they’re paid for and
arranged, plus include the
artist's name. It’s considered
property and its protected by
law.

17. Large format poster
A poster is any piece of printed paper
designed to be attached to a wall or
vertical surface. Typically posters
include both textual and graphic
elements, although a poster may be
either wholly graphical or wholly text.
Posters are designed to be both eye-
catching and informative. They are
frequent tool of advertisers
(particularly of events, musicians and
films), propagandists, protestors and
other groups trying to communicate a
message.

18. Mosaic
A mosaic is a piece of art or
image made from the
assemblage of small pieces of
coloured glass, stone, or other
materials. It is often used in
decorative art or as interior
decoration, however here it’s
presented as a street art piece.
Most mosaics are made out of
small, flat, roughly square
pieces of stone or glass of
different colours/shades (known
as tesserae).

19. Installation
Installation is another form of
street art,while more
conventional street art is done
on walls and surfaces - street
installations use three-
dimensional objects set in an
urban environment. Like graffiti,
it is generally non-permission
based and the installation is
effectively abandoned by the
artist upon completion. Street
installations sometimes have an
interactive component.

20. Political
Politics and political opinions are
linked in a number of ways to
modern Street Art. Ideology
informs both the work produced
by the artist and how this work is
perceived by the viewer. Artists
can convey explicit messages to
the general public through Street
Art, arguably in a manner which
reaches a larger proportion of
the population than do more
conventional forms of art.

21. Sticker Stickers
Sticker art (also known as sticker
bombing, sticker slapping, slap tagging,
and sticker tagging) is a form of street art
in which an image or message is publicly
displayed using stickers. These stickers
may promote a political agenda,
comment on a policy or issue, or
comprise a subcategory of graffiti.
Sticker artists use a variety of label types,
including inexpensively purchased and
free stickers, such as the United States
Postal Service's Label 228 or name tags.

22. Wheatpaste poster
Wheatpaste (also known as flour paste, or
simply paste) is a gel or liquid adhesive made
from wheat flour or starch and water. It has been
used since antiquity for various arts and crafts
such as bookbinding, collage etc. Closely
resembling wallpaper paste, a crude wheat flour
paste can be made by mixing roughly equal
portions of flour and water by heating until the
mixture thickens. A crucial difference among
wheat pastes is the division between those
made from flour and those made from starch.
Vegetable flours contain both gluten and starch.
Using only starch, a fine quality, fully reversible
paste can be produced. The latter is the
standard adhesive for paper conservation.

23. Photoshoot I set up for one of my final pieces.

24. Final piece
The photoshoot I set up for my final
piece was based on a company
called “Supreme”. It’s a popular and
quite expensive company,
sometimes coming up with stuff
that has literally no use to them as
a clothing/skate company - yet
people still buy it for a name.
Therefore, I decided to put
“Supreme” on a trash bag and make
it look like another thing they’re
selling. I made my model try and
make it look like he’s excited about
it too and would also pay money for
it.
Supreme red clay
brick, selling for £399
retail and on ebay.