The document discusses strategies for successful speaking and listening. It covers different types of presentations like extemporaneous, reading, memorization, and impromptu. It also discusses the purposes of presentations like to inform, instruct, entertain, inspire, motivate, and persuade. The document then provides strategies for preparing and delivering effective oral presentations, including determining the purpose, analyzing the audience, organizing content, rehearsing, and using effective nonverbal delivery techniques. It concludes with strategies for reducing stage fright and improving listening skills.

1. STRATEGIES FOR
SUCCESSFUL SPEAKING &
SUCCESSFUL LISTENING

2. Types of Presentations
 Extemporaneous
 Extempore is a Latin word meaning “at the moment”.
 You’re informed at the moment that you have to present a specific topic, but
you’re allowed to use helping material to present
 Allows more eye contact
 More verbal and nonverbal communication and involvement with the
audience
 Reading
 When you do not want to make any mistakes
 In case you’re being filmed, etc.
 Teleprompter

3. Types of Presentation Cont’d
 Memorization
 Risk of forgetting your precise words
 Groping for words in front of the audience can adversely affect your
credibility
 Impromptu
 Impromptu is a French word meaning “sudden”. You’re suddenly told to
present. It is different from extempore in a way that you are not allowed any
helping material for this type of presentation.
 Called upon at the last moment to offer comments
 Without preparation or forewarning
 You may turn it into an interactive session to make such presentation
effective.

4. Purposes of Presentation
 To inform
 Presentation given to inform the audience. Most
business speeches lie in this category; e.g. lectures,
seminars, awareness campaigns, etc.
 To instruct
 Any presentation for instruction purposes or teaching
someone to perform a certain action; e.g. workshops,
lab classes, practical, trainings, etc.
 To entertain
 Presentation given for entertainment purposes; e.g.
stand-up comedy

5. Purposes of presentation cont’d
 To inspire/ motivate
 Different motivational speeches lie under this
category. People try to motivate and inspire using
their real life examples, but this is not necessarily the
case; e.g. Muneeba Mazari, Qasim Ali Shah, etc.
 To activate / Stimulate
 Speech designed to activate and present idea in such
a way that audience will believe you so strongly that
they’ll carry out your suggestion. Taking audience to
the action stage; e.g. Molana Tariq Jamil
 To persuade
 Make audience willingly accept your proposal through
logic, evidence and emotions, offers solutions to
problems by presenting sufficient logic, evidence to
sway audience.; e.g. Sales representatives, etc.

6. Strategies for Oral
Presentations
 Preparing effective presentations
 Kinds of oral presentations
 Ways of delivering the oral message
 Strategies for using an effective oral delivery
 Strategies for effective nonverbal delivery

7. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
1. Determine the purpose
2. Analyze the audience and occasion
3. Select the main idea for the message
4. Research the topic
5. Organize the data & write the draft
6. Create visual aids
7. Rehearse the talk

8. Determine the purpose
 To inform or instruct
 To persuade
 Willingness to accept your idea
 Listeners will accept your proposal, claim, or thesis, etc.
 To entertain
 In social occasions
 Promotion parties
 Retirement
 Anniversaries

9. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
 Analyze the audience & occasion
 Select the main idea
 Research the topic
 Organize the data & draft
 Visual Aids
 Rehearse
 Good speech has three part
1. Introduction
2. Body (Text, discussion)
3. Conclusion or Summary

10. Parts of Speech
 Introduction
 Get attention
 Includes aim or purpose
 Lay out the direction of speech / roadmap
 PAL
 Porch: Opening remarks, preamble, preface, your greeting. Begin
with quote, story, reference to occasion or past, etc.
 Aim: Purpose, why you’re giving the talk
 Layout: Your agenda

11. Parts of Speech
 Body
 Heart of your talk
 Supports the main purpose
 Explain the idea
 Summary or Conclusion
 Reviews what has been said
 Gives a brief overview
 Draw inferences or conclusion based on what has been said and
discussed

12. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
 Rehearse the talk
 Always imagine audience in front of you
 Avoid long sentences and unusual words
 Explain one main point at a time with supporting
material
 Include visual aids
 Anticipate questions from the audience
 Stop at allotted time and revise and improvise the
speech accordingly

13. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery
 One of your personal signatures is your voice
 Pitch: Highness or lowness of your voice
o Monotone - Lack of pitch variation may result in being called a
monotone
o Example:
 Mary, don’t do that
 Mary, don’t do that
 Mary, don’t do that
 Mary, don’t do that

14. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery cont’d
 Rate: How many words do you use per minute as
your speak?
o Variation in rate is better than speaking at the same
rate
o Keyword related to rate is “pause”
 Volume: Loudness or softness of your voice
o Contrast in emphasis – using louder or softer volume
on certain words, ideas parts of your talk or syllables
o Controlled breathing

15. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery cont’d
 Vocal quality: husky, throaty, deep, loud, shrill, squeaky,
weak, strong, muffled, masculine, clear, etc.
 Pronunciation: Jargon – pronunciation of an abbreviation
used within organization; e.g. LIFO, FIFO
o Varied regional accents
o Added or omitted sounds
 Adding: hunerd – hundred
 Omitting: gonna - going to
o Listen to educated, cultured people

16. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery
1. Posture
 How you stand, sit communicates something about you
as a communicator
 Stand straight, balance your weight on both feet, gives
impression of complete control and confidence
2. Movement
 Move to hold attention
 Move to get rid of nervousness
 Move to suggest transition
 Move to increase emphasis

17. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery cont’d
3. Gestures (emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators,
adapters)
 To emphasize
 To point
 To reject
 To describe
o Vary gestures Watch timing
o Avoid continues gestures

18. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery cont’d
4. Facial expressions
 You must not only feel but show interest in your
ideas
5. Appearance
 Your attire

19. Strategies for Reducing Stage
Fright
 Signs of Discomfort
 What you feel internally is not obvious to the listeners
 Strategies for Decreasing Speaking Fears.
 Regardless of culture, stage fright is universal. The
suggestions helps decrease the intensity of
that fear.

20. Strategies for Reducing Stage
Fright cont’d
 Know your subject well
 Rehearse your talk several times
 Request for a lectern
 Pre-check any equipment you will need
 Take an object – a pen, pencil, notes, etc.
 Breathe deeply & slowly before speaking
 Move during the speech
 Approach the stage, lectern with assurance and

21. Strategies for Improving Listening
Skills
 Faults in listening
 Prejudice against speaker
 External distractions
 Entire physical environment affects listening
 Thinking speed
 Premature evaluation
 Delivery

22. Purposes for Listening
 To gain new information and ideas
 To question and test evidence and assumptions
 Good listener tests the facts & opinions against
assumption and then ask questions
 To be inspired
 To improve your own communication
 Listen carefully, observe, choose best techniques and

23. Results of Good Listening
1. Leads to helpful, Positive attitudes- by understanding
the hindrances that lie in the way of good listening
2. Permits the speaker and listeners to improve
communication because each side is more aware of
and receptive to the other's viewpoint
3. Indicates by feedback to the speaker that listeners
are interested in turn, the speaker tries harder to
give his or her best presentation

24. Results of Good Listening
cont’d
4. Helps listeners obtain useful information on
which they can make accurate decisions
5. Creates better understanding of others and
thus helps listeners work with others
6. Helps the speaker (especially in an
interview) in talking out a problem a person
need to receive, as well as give help