This document discusses steroids, specifically focusing on prednisolone. It provides background on steroid hormone groups and the anatomy of the adrenal gland. It then examines the structure, mode of action, pharmacological actions and clinical applications of glucocorticoids like prednisolone. The document analyzes the solubility profile, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra of prednisolone to identify its characteristics. It concludes with discussing common steroid drugs and citing references.

1. STEROIDS
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE
Presented by
Swapnil Borgaonkar
Guided by
K.G. Gabhane Sir
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Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy,
Amravati

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Anatomy
Structure
Mode of action
Pharmacological actions
Clinical applications
Adverse drug reactions
Drugs
Case study
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Secreted by : Adrenal cortex
• Primary use in birth control, hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), inflammatory conditions,
and cancer treatment.
• Five general groups of steroid hormones are there:
Estrogens, Progestins , Androgens, Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids
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4. INTRODUCTION
Five general groups of steroid hormones are there:
estrogens
progestins
androgens
glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
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5. Zona glomerulosa
Zona faciculata
Zona reticularis
Adrenal medulla
ANATOMY OF ADRENAL GLAND
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6. STRUCTURES
Cortisol Prednisolone
Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone
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7. MODE OF ACTION
(Glucocorticoids)
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8. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
(Glucocorticoids)
On carbohydrate and protein metabolism:
• ↑ Gluconeogenesis, ↑ Glycogen deposition
in liver.
• ↓ peripheral utilization of glucose.
• ↑ Protein breakdown to amino acids.
• Loss of calcium from bone.
• ↓ absorption and ↑ renal excretion of Ca2+
ions.
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On Stomach:
• ↑ Gastric acid and Pepsin (may aggravate
Peptic ulcer).
On lymphoid tissue and blood cells:
• ↑ number of RBCs, platelets and
neutrophils in circulation.
• ↓ lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils.

9. On Inflammatory responses:
• Non-specific.
• Covers all components and stages of inflammatory response.
• Reduction of increased capillary permeability, local exudation, cellular infiltration, phagocytic
activity.
• Prevent late responses like capillary proliferation, collagen deposition, fibroblastic activity
and ultimately scar formation .
• Decrease in recruitment of inflammatory cells at the local site.
• Less production of proinflammatory mediators like PGs, LTs, PAF through inhibition of
phospholipase A2.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
(Glucocorticoids)
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10. CLINICAL APPLICATION
Gastrointestinal Diseases.
Skin diseases.
Malignancies.
Cerebral Edema.
Sarcoidosis.
Thrombocytopenia.
Autoimmune Destruction of Erythrocytes.
Organ Transplantation.
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Replacement Therapy.
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency.
Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
Rheumatic Disorders.
Allergic Disease.
Bronchial Asthma
Other Pulmonary Conditions.

11. ADVERSE REACTIONS
• Osteoporosis
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cushing’s Syndrome
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12. STEROID DRUGS
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone
Betamethasone
Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)
Fludrocortisone
Aldosterone
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13. ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PREDNISOLONE
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CASE STUDY:

14. SOLUBILITY PROFILE OF PREDNISOLONE
• Soluble in ethanol (95%) and in methanol.
• Sparingly soluble in acetone.
• Slightly soluble in chloroform.
• Very slightly soluble in water.
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15. • Reagents and chemicals:
Prednisolone: Pure drug.
Acetonitrile and Methanol as diluents in ratio of 30:70.
• Instrument:
All the experiments were carried out on SHIMADZU UV-VIS 1700 spectrophotometer
using 1cm matched quartz cuvettes.
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UV – VIS ANALYSIS OF PREDNISOLONE

16. UV SPECTRA OF PREDNISONE
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λ max at 238 nm
Prednisolone
λmax = 246nm

17. • But by Woodward-Fieser Rule,
α,β-unsaturated 6-membered ketone = 215 nm
Ring recidue at β position = 12 nm
Exocyclic double bond = 5 nm
Theoretical λ max = 215+12+5 = 232 nm
Practical λ max ( From spectra on previous slide) = 246 nm
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Prednisone
WOODWARD - FIESER RULE

18. • Thin pellet was prepared using potassium bromide and drug in a ratio of 100:1 respectively.
• The molecular state of prednisolone acetate was studied using FTIR spectrometer.
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FTIR ANALYSIS OF PREDNISOLONE

19. Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy,
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TRANSMISSION – IR SPECTRA OF PREDNISOLONE
Prednisone C=C stretching of α,β unsaturated ketone
C=O stretching of Conjugated ketone
O-H stretching of
intermolecular bonded
alcohol
C=C stretching
of alkene

20. REFERENCES
• Essentials of medical pharmacology,
by K.D. Tripathi,
6th edition.
• Textbook of pharmacology,
F.S.K. Barar,
S. Chand publications,
• https://www.nist.gov/srd
• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/anabster/anabster.html
• Essays, UK. (November 2018). Identification of Prednisolone Acetate. Retrieved from
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/chemistry/identification-prednisolone-acetate-
3135.php?vref=1
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21. THANK YOU
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