This document outlines standard precautions for infection control, including proper hand hygiene techniques, use of personal protective equipment like gloves and gowns, safe injection practices, and protocols for cleaning patient equipment and transport. It emphasizes applying these practices to all patient care to prevent transmission of pathogens through contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, or contaminated surfaces or equipment.

1. Infection Control Department

2. Standard Precaution
Group of practices of infection prevention
and control infectious agents, based on a
principle that all blood, body fluids
secretions, excretions (except sweat),
non intact skin and mucous membranes
may contain transmissible pathogen.
It applies to all patients regardless of their
diagnosis

3. Elements of Standard
Precaution
1. Hand Hygiene
2. Gown
3. Mask
4. Face Protection
5. Gloves
6. Safe injection
practices
7. Patient Care
Equipment/ Devices
8. Environmental Control
9. Textile and laundry
10. Worker Safety
11. Patient Placement and
Transport
12. Respiratory Hygiene /
Cough Etiquette
13. Infection Control
Practices for Lumbar
Puncture

4. HandHygiene Types of Hand Hygiene
Hand wash
- 40-60 seconds
Hand rub
- 20-30 seconds
Hand scrub
- 5 minutes (first wash of the day);
2-3 minutes (in between operations)

5. “5 Moments for Hand Hygiene”

6. Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
“A variety of barriers to protect HCW’s
mucous membranes, airways, skin, and
clothing
(whenever blood/body fluids splashes are
expected)”

7. PersonalProtectiveEquipment
(PPE)
• Gloves – Use when touching blood, body fluids,
secretions, excretions, contaminated items; for touching
mucus membranes and nonintact skin.
• Gowns – Use during procedures and patient care
activities when contact of clothing/ exposed skin with
blood/body fluids, secretions, or excretions is
anticipated.
• Mask, goggles or face shield – Use during patient
care activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of
blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions

8. Textile and Laundry
Key principles for handling
soiled laundry
1) not shaking the items
2) avoiding contact of one’s
body and personal clothing
3) dispose soiled items water
soluble bag
4) dispose non soiled items in
blue bag

9. Safe Work Practices
 Prevention of needle sticks
and other sharps-related
injuries
 Precautions during
aerosol-generating
procedures
 Prevention of mucous
membrane contact

10. Safe Injection Practices
Do not
RE-CAP
the
needle!

11. Needles / Sharps :
*Disposed immediately after use in puncture
resistant container
*Not placed on environmental surfaces
*Not recapped if recapping is essential use
one hand technique (scoop)
*Close sharp container when ¾ full and 7
days maximum.

12. Never reuse needles, syringes, or
lancets.
Never administer medications from
the same syringe to more than one
patient, even if the
needle is changed or you are injecting
through an intervening length of IV
tubing.
Do not enter a medication vial, bag, or
bottle with a used syringe or needle.

13.  Never use medications packaged
as single-dose or single-use for more
than one patient.
This includes ampoules, bags,
and bottles intravenous solutions.
Always use aseptic technique when
preparing and administering
injections

14. Patient Placement and Transport
Determine patient placement based on:
• Route(s) of transmission of the known / suspected infectious
agent ,Availability of single rooms and options for cohorting
(patients with the same pathogen in the same room)
• patients with higher risk for pathogen
transmission are prioritize to be admitted in a
single room (e.g., uncontained secretions, or
wound drainage;) .

15. Patient Placement and Transport
Healthcare worker transporting a
patient with transmissible infection
should contain the site of infection e.g.
apply a dressing over a surgical site
infection & offer a surgical mask for a
coughing patient. Health care workers
should not wear PPE in hospital corridors

16. Respiratory Hygiene / Cough
Etiquette
• A measures to contain respiratory secretions in patients
and accompanying individuals who have signs and
symptoms of a respiratory infection.
Cover the mouths/noses when coughing or sneezing.
Use and dispose of tissues.
Perform hand hygiene if hands have been in contact
with respiratory secretions.

18. RespiratoryHygiene/Cough
Etiquette
Elements:
 Post signs at entrances and in strategic places (e.g., elevators,
cafeterias) within ambulatory and inpatient settings with
instructions to patients and other persons with symptoms of a
respiratory infection
 Provide tissues and no-touch receptacles (e.g., foot-
pedal operated lid or open, plastic-lined waste
basket) for disposal of tissues.
 Provide resources and instructions for performing hand
hygiene in or near waiting areas in ambulatory and inpatient
settings; provide conveniently-located dispensers of alcohol-
based hand rubs and, where sinks are available, supplies for
hand washing.

19. Patient Care Equipment and
instruments/devices
 All patient care equipment that is soiled with blood, body
fluids, secretions or excretions shall be handled in a manner
that will prevent skin and mucous membrane exposures.
 Wear PPE (e.g., gloves, gown), according to the level of
anticipated contamination, when handling patient-care
equipment and instruments/devices that is visibly soiled or
may have been in contact with blood or body fluids.
19

20. Patient Care Equipment and instruments/devices-(cont’d)
 Remove organic material from critical and semi-critical
instrument/devices, using recommended cleaning agents
before high level disinfection and sterilization to enable
effective disinfection and sterilization processes.
 Single use, disposable items must be disposed of properly.
 Make sure that reusable equipment has been cleaned and
reprocessed appropriately, prior to use on another patient.
20

21. Infection Control Practices for
Special Lumbar Puncture Procedures
Healthcare Infection Control
Practices Advisory Committee
(HICPAC) recommend that :
individual placing a catheter or
injecting material into the spinal
or epidural should wear a
face mask