The Norman Conquest of England took place in 1066 when William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, led an army of French, Breton, and Norman soldiers across the English Channel and defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings on October 14th. This established William as the first Norman King of England and marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
The Celts were a powerful group in central and northern Europe who lived in scattered villages. They spoke their own language and were mainly farmers, though some tribes were known as great warriors. The Celts believed in many nature gods and had traditions like burying the dead with objects for the afterlife. In Britain, Celtic tribes like the Iceni were located across the island and resisted Roman invasion, led by the warrior queen Boudicca after the Romans mistreated her family. Some modern Celtic traditions like Christmas trees are inspired by their beliefs in the power of trees.
This document provides a summary and review of key concepts from Abstract Algebra Part 1, including:
- Groups and their properties of closure, associativity, identity, and inverses
- Examples of finite and infinite, abelian and non-abelian groups
- Subgroups, including cyclic subgroups, tests for subgroups, and examples
- Additional concepts like the order of an element, conjugation, and the center of a group
Julius Caesar first went to Britain in 55 BC but withdrew due to bad weather. In 54 BC he returned with five legions but left to deal with a rebellion. The actual Roman invasion was in 43 AD when Emperor Claudius invaded with legions. Before the Romans, the Celts lived in Britain and the Iceni tribe inhabited Norfolk, led by Queen Boudica who rebelled against Rome between 60-61 AD. The Romans established cities like Londinium and left remains including Hadrian's Wall, built between 122-136 AD along the Scottish border to protect Roman Britain.
The Norman Conquest of England took place in 1066 when William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, led an army of French, Breton, and Norman soldiers across the English Channel and defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings on October 14th. This established William as the first Norman King of England and marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
The Celts were a powerful group in central and northern Europe who lived in scattered villages. They spoke their own language and were mainly farmers, though some tribes were known as great warriors. The Celts believed in many nature gods and had traditions like burying the dead with objects for the afterlife. In Britain, Celtic tribes like the Iceni were located across the island and resisted Roman invasion, led by the warrior queen Boudicca after the Romans mistreated her family. Some modern Celtic traditions like Christmas trees are inspired by their beliefs in the power of trees.
This document provides a summary and review of key concepts from Abstract Algebra Part 1, including:
- Groups and their properties of closure, associativity, identity, and inverses
- Examples of finite and infinite, abelian and non-abelian groups
- Subgroups, including cyclic subgroups, tests for subgroups, and examples
- Additional concepts like the order of an element, conjugation, and the center of a group
Julius Caesar first went to Britain in 55 BC but withdrew due to bad weather. In 54 BC he returned with five legions but left to deal with a rebellion. The actual Roman invasion was in 43 AD when Emperor Claudius invaded with legions. Before the Romans, the Celts lived in Britain and the Iceni tribe inhabited Norfolk, led by Queen Boudica who rebelled against Rome between 60-61 AD. The Romans established cities like Londinium and left remains including Hadrian's Wall, built between 122-136 AD along the Scottish border to protect Roman Britain.
