27. بررسی و تحقیق
•کم میثاق عضو کشورهای از یکی توسط جدی یا و وسیع ، سیستماتیک نقض بر مبنی اطالعاتی وصول محض بهبا میتواند یته
نماید بررسی و تحقیق گروه اندازی راه به اقدام ، قدم پیش بصورت عمل ابتکار
•آنکه بر مشروط:
•باشد وسع نقض دامنه اوال.
•مستند و مستدل اطالعات ثانیاعضور کشور یک در کنوانسیون مفاد سیستماتیک نقض از ارزیابی قابل وwell – founded
•توان ملل سازمان در ها کمیته اینعضو های دولت برخی به اعزامی های هیئت گسیلجهتدارند را ،تحقیق و بررسی:
• the Committee against Torture (article 20 CAT),
• the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (article 8 of the Optional
Protocol to CEDAW),
• the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (article 6 Optional Protocol to CRPD),
• the Committee on Enforced Disappearances (article 33 of CED), the Committee on Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights (article 11 of the Optional Protocol to ICESCR) and the Committee on the Rights
of the Child (article 13 of the Optional Protocol (on a communications procedure) to CRC; Protocol
not yet in force)
36. مبتنی نهادهای اختیارات و حدود از بیشتر تعریف
معاهده بر
• The Human Rights Committee (CCPR) may consider individual communications alleging violations of the rights set
forth in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by States parties to the First Optional Protocol to
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
• The Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) may consider individual
communications alleging violations of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women by States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against
Women;
• The Committee against Torture (CAT) may consider individual complaints alleging violations of the rights set out in
the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment by States parties
who have made the necessary declaration under article 22 of the Convention;
• The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) may consider individual petitions alleging
violations of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by States parties
who have made the necessary declaration under article 14 of the Convention;
• The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) may consider individual communications alleging
violations of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by States parties to the Optional Protocol to
the Convention;
• The Committee on Enforced Disappearances (CED) may consider individual communications alleging violations of
the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance by States parties who
have made the necessary declaration under article 31 of the Convention.
• The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) may consider individual communications alleging
violations of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by States parties to the Optional
Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
• For two other treaty bodies (the Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW), and the Committee on the Rights of the
Child (CRC)) the individual complaint mechanisms have not yet entered into force:
37. 5 September 2007 Maria Lundberg, NCHR 37
Major human rights treaties
بیشتر مطالعه برای
• Nine major treaties are included in the UN treaty system and “treaty bodies” monitor their implementation:
• (1) the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), which is monitored by the Committee
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;
• (2) the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR), which is monitored by the Human Rights Committee;
• (2a) the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR-OP1), which is administered
by the Human Rights Committee; and
• (2b) the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aimed at the abolition of
the death penalty (CCPR-OP2-DP);
• (3) the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), which is monitored by
the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination;
• (4) the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which is monitored by
the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women;
• (4a) the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW-
OP);
• (5) the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which is
monitored by the Committee against Torture;
• (6) the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which is monitored by the Committee on the Rights of the Child;
• (6a) the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC-OP-AC) on the involvement of children in
armed conflict;
• (6b) the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC-OP-SC) on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography.
• (7) the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
(MWC).
• (8) International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (not yet into force)
• (9) the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (not yet into force)
• (9a) the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (not yet into force)
38. NGO participation in monitoring and enforcement
mechanisms
بیشتر مطالعه برای
• NGOs can participate either formally or informally
• NGOs can participate in all aspects of the TBs work
– Reporting
– General Comments
– Complaints
– General Discussions / Plenary
– Inquiries
– Early warning and urgent procedures
– Treaty body reform
• The participation of NGOs is sometimes subject to Guidelines established
by the Committees
• The role of NGOs is sometimes set out in the treaty itself
• The participation of NGOs in the TBs is established & supported by
longstanding practice
• ECOSOC Consultative Status is not usually required (sometimes need
accreditation to access meetings)
Editor's Notes
این بعلت تقویت سیستم هارمونیک پیش بینی شده در کمیت های ناظر بر مسائل حقوق بشری است