Tyco Telecommunications has played a leading role in undersea optical networking for over 50 years, pioneering many technologies that enabled fiber optic cables to meet rapidly growing internet demands. Some key achievements include developing the first transatlantic fiber optic system in 1988, demonstrating the first IP packet transport across a transoceanic cable in 1999, and increasing cable capacity over 500% from 1999 to 2003. Today, Tyco Telecommunications continues innovating to provide reliable, high-bandwidth connectivity globally using technologies like OADM branching units and 40Gbps transport.
This document is the table of contents for an academic journal from Guangdong Education Institute in China. It lists various articles on topics related to education, literature, language, history, politics and information management. The first article discusses Mao Zedong's historical contribution in establishing the revolutionary route of rural areas encircling cities to seize state power through armed forces. The second article examines trends toward mixed operations in China's financial industry and the need to reform financial regulation.
Tyco Telecommunications has played a leading role in undersea optical networking for over 50 years, pioneering many technologies that enabled fiber optic cables to meet rapidly growing internet demands. Some key achievements include developing the first transatlantic fiber optic system in 1988, demonstrating the first IP packet transport across a transoceanic cable in 1999, and increasing cable capacity over 500% from 1999 to 2003. Today, Tyco Telecommunications continues innovating to provide reliable, high-bandwidth connectivity globally using technologies like OADM branching units and 40Gbps transport.
This document is the table of contents for an academic journal from Guangdong Education Institute in China. It lists various articles on topics related to education, literature, language, history, politics and information management. The first article discusses Mao Zedong's historical contribution in establishing the revolutionary route of rural areas encircling cities to seize state power through armed forces. The second article examines trends toward mixed operations in China's financial industry and the need to reform financial regulation.
The document is a quiz about the history of Medicare and Medicaid in the United States. It contains 30 multiple choice questions about key events, policies, legislation and agencies involved in the establishment and administration of these public health insurance programs over time. Some notable topics covered include the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, the establishment of the Health Care Financing Administration in 1977, the addition of new benefits and eligibility groups under different presidential administrations, and the renaming of HCFA to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2001.
North carolina legislative history step by step following is a ...sugeladi
This document provides a 9-step process for researching the legislative history of a North Carolina bill or statute. It begins with identifying the relevant bill number or statute section. The steps then guide researching relevant session laws, bill histories in journals and bill books, committee minutes and reports, floor debates, and summary documents. A variety of print and online resources are identified for each step, located in libraries like the North Carolina Legislative Library.
The document provides guidance on how to conduct oral history interviews by organizing and preparing for interviews effectively. It recommends setting clear research goals, thoroughly researching the topic beforehand, creating an interview question list with open-ended questions, using high-quality recording equipment, conducting interviews in a comfortable environment for the interviewee, and being aware of personal appearance to make interviews more successful.
Midwifery has a long history around the world. In the US, midwifery was common among Native Americans and colonists, though training was informal. In the 19th century, as medical knowledge advanced, midwifery outcomes began to lag physician outcomes, fueling controversy. Two solutions emerged: educate midwives or abolish the profession. Midwifery nearly disappeared in the US by the 1920s, though nurse-midwifery developed as a new model of care pioneered by Mary Breckinridge and the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925. Today there are over 5,000 certified nurse-midwives who attend about 150,000 births annually in the US.
This document provides an index of topics, people, places, and events covered in the journal North Dakota History from 1945 to 1998. It includes over 1,000 entries summarizing articles, books reviewed, and authors. Each entry lists the relevant volume, issue, and page numbers for cited references in the journal.
The document presents standards from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) for integrating genetics into social work practice. It discusses the goals of clarifying the role of social workers and enhancing their skills and knowledge regarding genetics. The standards address ethics, acquiring genetics knowledge, and using appropriate practice skills when working with individuals, families and communities on genetics issues. Social workers are called to adhere to ethical principles, understand genetics concepts, and develop skills like taking family histories and making referrals to genetics professionals. The standards aim to improve social work services for clients dealing with genetic disorders and issues.
History of cannabis as a medicine by lester grinspoon, md, august ...sugeladi
This document provides a history of the medical use of cannabis around the world dating back thousands of years. It describes how cannabis was commonly used as medicine in ancient China, India, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe to treat a variety of conditions. The medical use of cannabis grew in the Western world in the 1800s but declined in the early 1900s due to the development of new drugs. However, renewed interest in cannabis as medicine began in the 1960s-70s, though federal policies have made research difficult.
Hydrogen has potential as a renewable energy source. It was first identified as an element in 1766 and its energy potential has been explored since the 18th century, with early uses including balloons and demonstrating that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. Jules Verne prophetically examined hydrogen's potential as a fuel in 1874. Interest increased in the 20th century, with uses in rockets, fuel cells for spacecraft and vehicles, and visions of a "hydrogen economy." Research continues toward making water the primary source of hydrogen to replace fossil fuels.
This document provides a table of contents for courses offered by zycnzj.com. It lists over 100 courses organized under categories such as languages, information technology, job skills, communication skills, life and health, and more. Languages include English, Mandarin, French and others. Information technology covers Microsoft Office, web design, and computer basics. Job skills include accounting, human resources, and personal development. Life and health contains martial arts, cooking, fitness and family courses.
This document provides a cross-reference grid that details which Cambridge University Press publications cover aspects of the IB Diploma History syllabus. It summarizes several books and their relevance to different topics, papers, and regional options. For example, it indicates that "Germany 1918-1945" is suitable for topics about war and the rise of single-party states in Paper 2, as well as topics about Europe in Paper 3. The grid is meant to help teachers and students select appropriate resources for studying different parts of the IB History program.
History, role and functions the european central bank - history ...sugeladi
The document provides an overview of the history, role, and functions of the European Central Bank (ECB). It discusses the establishment of the ECB and the introduction of the euro as the single currency of the euro area. It describes the ECB's role as the leader of the Eurosystem, which comprises the ECB and the national central banks of euro area countries. The ECB is responsible for managing the euro area's monetary policy and other key tasks to promote stability and the smooth operation of the monetary union. The document also examines the ECB's accountability, independence, cooperation with other EU institutions, and involvement in international forums and organizations.
The document is a quiz about the history of Medicare and Medicaid in the United States. It contains 30 multiple choice questions about key events, policies, legislation and agencies involved in the establishment and administration of these public health insurance programs over time. Some notable topics covered include the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, the establishment of the Health Care Financing Administration in 1977, the addition of new benefits and eligibility groups under different presidential administrations, and the renaming of HCFA to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2001.
North carolina legislative history step by step following is a ...sugeladi
This document provides a 9-step process for researching the legislative history of a North Carolina bill or statute. It begins with identifying the relevant bill number or statute section. The steps then guide researching relevant session laws, bill histories in journals and bill books, committee minutes and reports, floor debates, and summary documents. A variety of print and online resources are identified for each step, located in libraries like the North Carolina Legislative Library.
The document provides guidance on how to conduct oral history interviews by organizing and preparing for interviews effectively. It recommends setting clear research goals, thoroughly researching the topic beforehand, creating an interview question list with open-ended questions, using high-quality recording equipment, conducting interviews in a comfortable environment for the interviewee, and being aware of personal appearance to make interviews more successful.
Midwifery has a long history around the world. In the US, midwifery was common among Native Americans and colonists, though training was informal. In the 19th century, as medical knowledge advanced, midwifery outcomes began to lag physician outcomes, fueling controversy. Two solutions emerged: educate midwives or abolish the profession. Midwifery nearly disappeared in the US by the 1920s, though nurse-midwifery developed as a new model of care pioneered by Mary Breckinridge and the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925. Today there are over 5,000 certified nurse-midwives who attend about 150,000 births annually in the US.
This document provides an index of topics, people, places, and events covered in the journal North Dakota History from 1945 to 1998. It includes over 1,000 entries summarizing articles, books reviewed, and authors. Each entry lists the relevant volume, issue, and page numbers for cited references in the journal.
The document presents standards from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) for integrating genetics into social work practice. It discusses the goals of clarifying the role of social workers and enhancing their skills and knowledge regarding genetics. The standards address ethics, acquiring genetics knowledge, and using appropriate practice skills when working with individuals, families and communities on genetics issues. Social workers are called to adhere to ethical principles, understand genetics concepts, and develop skills like taking family histories and making referrals to genetics professionals. The standards aim to improve social work services for clients dealing with genetic disorders and issues.
History of cannabis as a medicine by lester grinspoon, md, august ...sugeladi
This document provides a history of the medical use of cannabis around the world dating back thousands of years. It describes how cannabis was commonly used as medicine in ancient China, India, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe to treat a variety of conditions. The medical use of cannabis grew in the Western world in the 1800s but declined in the early 1900s due to the development of new drugs. However, renewed interest in cannabis as medicine began in the 1960s-70s, though federal policies have made research difficult.
Hydrogen has potential as a renewable energy source. It was first identified as an element in 1766 and its energy potential has been explored since the 18th century, with early uses including balloons and demonstrating that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. Jules Verne prophetically examined hydrogen's potential as a fuel in 1874. Interest increased in the 20th century, with uses in rockets, fuel cells for spacecraft and vehicles, and visions of a "hydrogen economy." Research continues toward making water the primary source of hydrogen to replace fossil fuels.
This document provides a table of contents for courses offered by zycnzj.com. It lists over 100 courses organized under categories such as languages, information technology, job skills, communication skills, life and health, and more. Languages include English, Mandarin, French and others. Information technology covers Microsoft Office, web design, and computer basics. Job skills include accounting, human resources, and personal development. Life and health contains martial arts, cooking, fitness and family courses.
This document provides a cross-reference grid that details which Cambridge University Press publications cover aspects of the IB Diploma History syllabus. It summarizes several books and their relevance to different topics, papers, and regional options. For example, it indicates that "Germany 1918-1945" is suitable for topics about war and the rise of single-party states in Paper 2, as well as topics about Europe in Paper 3. The grid is meant to help teachers and students select appropriate resources for studying different parts of the IB History program.
History, role and functions the european central bank - history ...sugeladi
The document provides an overview of the history, role, and functions of the European Central Bank (ECB). It discusses the establishment of the ECB and the introduction of the euro as the single currency of the euro area. It describes the ECB's role as the leader of the Eurosystem, which comprises the ECB and the national central banks of euro area countries. The ECB is responsible for managing the euro area's monetary policy and other key tasks to promote stability and the smooth operation of the monetary union. The document also examines the ECB's accountability, independence, cooperation with other EU institutions, and involvement in international forums and organizations.
3. zycnzj.com/ www.zycnzj.com
辜、自私自利的嘴脸,尤其令人发指的是狱吏们的残暴,生命于他们等同于动物的逻辑司空
见惯,而他们摧残囚犯身体的行为更是触目惊心:作品中都提到了刚入狱的几个囚犯被活活
打死的场景。这些无不说明了监狱这一本应该使误入歧途之人改良,接受改造而归正的正义
场所,反而抹杀正义,纵容犯罪,到处都是荒诞的空气和味道。
四、摧残、扭曲的人性
1.灭绝人性的专制及对自由的禁锢
监狱本身是一个使人改过自新的地方,但是在这里,无论是Macquarie Harbor 还是肖申
克都把犯人彻底磨灭成没有力量,没有欲求,没有希望,没有灵魂的人。《无期徒刑》中以夫
雷尔为代表的狱官们视犯人如蝼蚁,任意打骂或施以酷刑,动辄打爆犯人头的事情时有发生;
“重罪犯”鲁夫斯甚至不被欣然允许同狱长女儿讲话,他不但要承受繁重的体力劳动,而且
精神上同样遭受巨大的摧残,承受无辜被流放,屡次行好事屡次被冤枉的内心痛苦;甚至还
会发生不堪忍受屈辱而杀人越狱及人吃人的惨剧。正如作者观点:“这种残酷的体罚是对人
肉体的摧残,人格上的侮辱,是违背人道的。”[9] 犯人们不能有情感、权利、自我价值或
自我意识的存在,反抗只会招致更为残忍的惩罚。鲁夫斯的多次反抗和不成功的越狱只会让
他的罪名和惩罚更为深重,进而更加没有人性。而肖申克里面,安迪冒着被关禁闭的风险硬
是把看守锁在门外,给囚犯兄弟播放《费加罗的婚礼》,因为长期的压抑使得大家早已遗忘掉
的希望和梦想被突然间唤醒了. 所以违反规定的片刻自由的享受便都因为缺失而愈是弥足
珍贵.
2. 体制化的罪恶
而老囚犯瑞得的话更是一针见血:“these walls are funny, first you hate them,
then you get used to them,enough time passes… you get so you depend on them. That
is institutionalized.”(监狱是个怪地方,起先你恨它,然后习惯它,更久后,你不能没
有它,这就是体制化)。在这种环境下,由于长期的硬性及暴力性地压抑导致犯人原本正常
的人性被完全抹杀,因为只有这样才能够于如此特殊的环境下维持生存。鲁夫斯.戴维斯刚
刚遭流放入狱时,道德的力量使他积极地寻找能够获得自由出路,即使是从事超出极限的体
力劳役也能默默忍受,希冀着能有正义到来的一天。然而,事实远非如此。严酷的鞭笞体罚
几近让人生不如死,很多人都是被活活打死;如此非人性的折磨就是要彻底打消任何人想重
获自由、逃出高墙的念头,即使酷刑打死也绝不允许出逃的囚犯存在。被这种折磨身心、令
人绝望的环境所包围,很多人宁愿选择去适应这种包围,以求得生命肉体上的延续。然而精
3
zycnzj.com/http://www.zycnzj.com/
4. zycnzj.com/ www.zycnzj.com
神层面上他们已经完全没有了正常人的那种各种美好欲求,抑或说一开始有,不断地被压制,
最后是习惯性地不去想它了。看《无期徒刑》中的一段描述: “Society was the common foe,
and magistrates, jailers, and parsons were natural prey of all noteworthy
mankind…each new comer was one more recruit to the ranks of ruffianism and not a
man penned in that reeking den of infamy but became a sworn hater of law, order,
and “free-men.” He lost his self-respect, and became what the jailers too him to
be―a wild beast to be locked under bolts and bars.”(Clarke,p53)以及《肖申克救
赎》中的另一个老囚犯布鲁克斯(Brooks)的例子。当他表现良好被获得假释时,他竟不愿
意离开。因为呆得时间太久了,一个人已经对一种生活环境产生了依赖心理,走出来他反而
处处显得笨拙、与现实根本就是格格不入。布鲁克斯承受不了那种严重的孤立感,最后竟是
选择了自杀。没有任何的感情渲染,但是这已经足以让人心痛。一个人,接近大半生都是在
牢狱里度过的,等到获得自由时,竟是适应不了这种难得的自由而逃离,多么哥特式的人生
悖论。
3.永不放弃的自由和希望
对于我们这样的正常人来说,自由于我们司空见惯,我们甚至不会花时间去考虑它。而对
于高强之内的那些被判无期徒刑的人,“自由”两个字便具有了非凡的意义。鲁夫斯.戴维斯,
每天与他为伴的从来都是从头到脚那副冰冷的手铐脚镣,永远也做不完的苦役、狱吏的吆喝
和随时动用的皮肉折磨。对于这些,他都默默的承受着,内心的道德天平没有使他背离人性的
轴线太远。尤其是当他成功越狱,眼看就要获得自由的时候,面临拯救狱长妻女的那一番思想
斗争,都说明在最后一刻他对于自己为人价值的坚守,希冀着能够有一天会有被昭雪的时候。
安迪更是执着于自己的价值标准和人格尊严,即使是洗清罪名的证人被害,他仍然寻求其它
的途径完成自由的救赎。那就是苦苦19年的不懈奋斗,为自己,为瑞德,为太多的人找回久已
迷失的对自由的憧憬,对生命价值的渴望,重新享受作为人的基本权力。
五、宗教的悖论 VS.自我救赎
1. 宗教的缺失
宗教教义一直宣扬惩恶扬善,恶人自会受到惩罚,好人终将得到好归宿。而这一切在《无
期徒刑》和《肖申克》中却不再具有意义,像极了哥特式的戏剧冲突。好人、正直的人被无
辜冤枉,而披着执法外衣的典狱长却干着种种违法的勾当。《无期徒刑》中的诺斯实际上是
一个犯有偷盗罪的人,虽然罪名很轻;而且在拯救一个面临酷刑的年轻囚犯的时候,他的道
4
zycnzj.com/http://www.zycnzj.com/
7. zycnzj.com/ www.zycnzj.com
参考文献:
【1】 刘振宁. 瑕不掩瑜——评克拉克的《无期徒刑》[J].四川师院学院学报,2002.( 1 )
【2】 王爱娟.《肖申克的救赎》中的哥特式冲突 [J]. 安徽农业大学学报( 社会科学
版),2007,16,(5)
【3】 萨克文·博克维奇.《剑桥美国文学史》(1940年—1990年) ,孙宏主译,北京:中央编
译出版社, 2005,p448
【4】 《The Shaw shank Redemption 》( 肖申克的救赎) 导演, Frank Darabont(弗兰
克·达拉邦特) 1995
【5】 张异. 论肖申克监狱的体制[J].作家杂志,2008(6)
The Similar Profoundness among the Distinctive Dimensions
――For the Term of His Natural Life and The Shawshank Redemption
Yuan Mei-jie
(Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade, Foreign Language School, Shanghai, 201620)
Abstract: Two stories on criminal genre, though from totally distinctive time and space, one by
Australian writer Clarke and Stephen King another, share the same Gothic irony and conflict about
the prison which is supposed to be the one remaining justice, and universal theme about its
suppression on humanity as well as the forceful approach to self-redemption relying on the
persistent self pursuing freedom rather than religion or God.
Key words: gothic conflict; prison;humanity;religion;self-redemption
作品完成时间:2008-8-28
指导教师:周小进
作者邮件:mandy1207@hotmail.com
7
zycnzj.com/http://www.zycnzj.com/