1. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfoŒl vwawmfu,pm;jyKaumfrwD
$ f
dk f
orkdif;0ifrSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm;
1998 = 2003
cifausmf[ef
&SmazGpaqmif;jyKpkonf
k
jynfoŒl v$wawmf uk,pm;jyKaumfrwD
f
d f
zJŒG pnf;jcif; (5)ESpjf ynftxdr;trSwtjzpf
h
f
f
trsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
dk
f
pmayESihf okawoeXmerS xkwa0onf
f
1

2. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
yxrt}udrf
tkya& (1000)
f
2003 ckEp/f pufwifbmv
S
&SmazGpaqmif;jyKpkol
k
cifausm[ef
f
xkwfa0ol
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
d
dk
f
pmayESioawoeXmerS xkwa0onf
hf k
f
rsufEmzk;tjyiftqif
S H
armifawmuf
twGi;tjyiftqif
f
armifEif / ukyn
dk d k
2

3. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
rmwdum
tydi; (1)
kf
1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
8?
9?
10?
11?
12?
13?
14?
15?
16?
17?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. rJqENe,fu,pm;ðyr_
f
kd f
kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsursm;ESihf
f
kd f
f
ywfoufI a':atmifqef;pk=unf. oabmxm;
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsursm;ESihf
f
kd f
f
ywfoufI twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;at;omatmif. oabmxm;
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDzŒJG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 060 § pnf; ( +idrf ) § 96 ?
kd
&ufpJG - 1996 ckEp/f rwfv (25) &uf?
S
wki;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkcsuf
d
kfH
D
f
d
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 047§pnf; (csr;f )§98 ?
kd
&ufpJG - 1998 ckEp/f ZGev (23)&uf?
S
f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf . jynforsm;tm;yef=um;csuf
l
Zlviv 28 &uf / 1998 ckEpf
kd f
S
typftcwf&yfpxm;aomtzGŒJ rsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef
J
f
awmif;qkcsuf
d
vufiif;Ediia&;tajctaetay: rGejf ynfopfygw. tjrif
kfH
D
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf
dk
f
ywfoufI jynfovxo‹kd yef=um;csuf / 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (18) &uf?
l l k
S
f
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsutrSwf 35 (8§98)
kd
f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmhwyfrawmfom;rsm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
=o*kwv 28 &uf/ 1998 ckEpf
f
S
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEkiijH ynforsm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
df
l
pufwifbmv 19 &uf/ 1998 ckEp?
S f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD ESpywfvnftxdr;f trSwae‹wif
f
kd f
f
f
G
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ OD;atmifa&$.
f
kd f
rde‹f ce;f ? 1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16)&uf?
G
S
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD ESpywfvnftxdr;f trSwae‹wif
f
dk f
f
f
G
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtzGŒJ 0if
f
dk f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rde‹f ce;f ? 1999 ckEp/f pufwifbm (16) &uf//
G
S
1990 jynfEpygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
h S f D Hk D kd
15
22
23
25
27
32
34
35
37
39
41
45
47
49
51
52
56
3

4. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tydi; (2)
kf
18?
19?
20?
21?
22?
23?
24?
25?
26?
27?
28?
29?
30?
31?
32?
33?
34?
35?
36?
37?
38?
39?
40?
41?
42?
43?
44?
45?
46?
47?
48?
49?
4
a=unmcsutrSwf (1)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (2)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (3)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (4)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (5)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (6)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (7)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 3 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 4 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 5 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 6 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 7 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 8 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 9 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 10 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 11 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 12 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 13 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 14 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 15 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 16 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 17 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 18 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 19 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 20 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 21 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 22 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 23 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 24 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 25 ( 4 § 99 )
f
91
95
96
101
103
106
108
112
115
117
121
122
126
129
130
131
133
135
136
138
145
147
150
151
154
158
161
163
164
172
179
188

5. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
50?
51?
52?
53?
54?
55?
56?
57?
58?
59?
60?
61?
62?
63?
64?
65?
66?
67?
68?
69?
70?
71?
72?
73?
74?
75?
76?
77?
78?
79?
80?
a=unmcsutrSwf 26 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 27 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 28 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 29 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 30 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 31 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 33 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 34 ( 5 § 99 )
f
1999 ckEp/f arv(27) &ufae‹/ (9) ESpajrmuf ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG
S
f
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyJG ESpywfvnfae‹wif jynfo‹l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD.
f
G
$ f
dk f
qk;H jzwfcsursm;
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 35 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 36 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 37 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 38 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 39 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 40 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 41 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 42 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 43 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 44 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 45 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 46 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 47 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 48 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 49 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 50 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 51 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 52 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 53 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 54 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 55 ( 9 § 99 )
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD . wESpajrmufaomae‹
f
kd kd f
h
f
a=unmpmwrf;? (16-9-98) &ufae‹rS (16-9-99) &ufae‹txd ?
190
194
196
197
199
200
202
214
220
224
230
234
235
238
239
241
242
244
245
246
248
251
252
253
255
262
264
265
266
269
271
5

6. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
81?
82?
83?
84?
85?
86?
87?
88?
89?
90?
91?
92?
93?
94?
95?
96?
97?
98?
99?
100?
101?
102?
103?
104?
105?
106?
107?
108?
109?
6
a=unmcsutrSwf 56 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 57 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 58 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 59 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 60 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 61 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 62 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 63 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 64 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 65 ( 12 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 66 ( 12 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 3 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 4 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 5 ( 2 § 00 )
f
(53)ESpajrmuf jynfaxmifpae‹a=unmcsuf
f
k
a=unmcsutrSwf 6 ( 2 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 7 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 8 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 9 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 10 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 11 ( 4 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 12 ( 4 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 13 ( 4 § 00 )
f
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG q,fepajrmufa=unmcsuf
D Hk D dk
S f
a=unmcsutrSwf 14 ( 5 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 15 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 16 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 17 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 18 ( 9 § 00 )
f
283
285
287
290
291
293
297
298
300
302
305
308
309
314
317
319
321
327
329
333
335
339
341
342
343
347
349
351
353

7. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
110?
111?
112?
113?
114?
a=unmcsutrSwf 19 ( 9 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 9 § 02 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 10 § 02 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 10 § 02 )
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD. (56) ESpajrmuf
f
kd kd f
h
f
jynfaxmifpae‹ a=unmpmwrf;? 2003ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &uf?
k
S
D
357
358
359
360
361
tydi; (3)
kf
115?
116?
117?
118?
119?
120?
121?
122?
123?
124?
125?
126?
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' (Edii+H idr0yfyjd ym;r_
dfH
D
f Hk
kf f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsutrSwf (9) ?
kd
f
&ufpJG - 1989 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &uf?
S
D
a&G;aumufytjyD; jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ekiia&;ygwaygi;f pkH
JG
k dk
dfH
D
oabmxm;a=unmcsuf
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsuf
kfH
f
a=unmcsurwf ( 1 § 90 )
f S
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . *ENcef;r a=unmpmwrf;
kd
D
&ufpJG - 1990 jy!fEp/f Zlviv ( 28 § 29 )
h S
kd f
Advatmifausmvrf; yl;wGa=unmcsutrSwf (1)
k f
f
J
f
1990 jy!fEp/f =o*kwv (29)&uf?
h S
f
&Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS w&m;ðyvkyc&r_twGuf
k
kd
fH
e0w OuUÏ xH ay;pm? &ufpJG - 1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (28) &uf?
S
tusO;f uscH trsKd ;om;Ediia&;tiftm;pk. xkwjf yefa=unmcsu?
kfH
f
&ufpJG - 1999 ckEp/f arv ( 4 ) &uf ?
S
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyfuu,pm;rðyawmhonfh
kd
kd kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
f
kd f
f
Ediia&;ygwrsm;&SioefrS 'Drua&'Dpepfci+f rJrnf (OD;cifarmif=unf)
kfH
D
f
kd
kd
Ediia&;tusO;f om;qdonfrm
kfH
k
S
vGwvyfa&;opPmt"dÏmefu;kd csuf
f
375
377
379
383
388
392
397
406
408
410
413
415
7

8. tyd'f (21)
k
(1) vlwi;f wGif rdrEii. tkycsKyfa&;Y uk,wijf zpfap/ vGwvyfpma&G;cs,vuf
kd
d kd f H
f
d f kd
f
G
f dk
onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&uEici&onf?
k f
f
G f kd f G hf dS
(2) vlwi;f wGif rdr.Edii&dS jynfoŒl 0efxrf;tzJŒG Y 0ifa&mufEi&ef wlnonftcGihf
kd
d kfH
kd f
D h
ta&;&Sonf?
d
(3) jynfojl ynfom;wd@k .qENonf tkycsKyfrtm%m.tajccHjzpf&rnf? tqdyg
f _
k
qENukd tcseumvydi;f jcm;vsuf ppfreaoma&G;aumufyrsm;jzifh xif&m;ap&
df
k
Sf
JG
S
rnf? a&G;aumufyrsm;wGivnf; vlwi;f tnDtr# qENray;Edici&&rnftjyif/
JG
f
kd
J k f G hf dS h
xka&G;aumufyrsm;udk v#Kd Œ0Suray;pepfjzifjh zpfap/ tvm;wl vGwvyfaomrJ
d
JG
fJ
f
ay;pepfjzifjh zpfap usi;f y&rnf?
(tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m vl @ tcG i f h t a&; a=unmpmwrf ; )
Article ( 21 )
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of
his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in
his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority
of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic
and Genuine elections which shall be by universal suffrage
and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III)
of 10 December 1948

9. xkwfa0ol. trSmpm
jrefrmEdiiwif wdi;f &if;om;jynfovx}k uD;w&yfv;kH &ifqióf uHawGŒ
kfH G k
l l
kd
ae&aom jyemt&yf&yfrsm; ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f ay;Edia&;ESiwuG 'Dru
kf
hf
kd
a&pDEiiawmf}u;D wnfaxmifEia&;wd‹k twGuf jynfovwawmfw&yf tjrefq;kH
kd f H
kd f
l $ f
ay:aygu&ef tvGeta&;w}uD;vdtyfvayonf?
f
f
k
S
xdo‹kd ta&;w}uD;vdtyfvaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguf
k
k
S
f
vmapa&;twGuf tbufbufrS tpGr;f ukeóf ud;yrf;aqmif&uae=uukeaom
G f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESiwuG 'Drua&pDta&; óu;d yrf;aqmif&uf
f
kd f
f
hf
kd
G
ae=uaom jrefrmEdiiol Ediiom;rsm;tm; *k%ðf yaomtm;jzifvnf;aumif;/
kfH kfH
h
jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yf tjrefq;kH ay:ayguvmapa&;twGuvnf; taxmuf
f
f
f
tyHjh zpfaprnf[k ,H=k unf,qaomtm;jzifvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmhordi;f wGiom
l
h
k
f
ru urBmordi;f wGiyg tifrwefrS xl;jcm;pGmay:aygucaom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
h k
f
f hJ
f
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwD. rSwwrf;rSw&mESivyaqmifcsuw‹kd tm; 'Drua&pDEiiH
k f
f
f
hf k f
f
kd
kd f
awmfxaxmif&ef qENjyif;jyaom jrefrmEdiiom;rsm;tm; zwf±avhvmapvdk
l
kfH
_
onfh taejzifvnf;aumif; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. (5)ESpf
h
f
kd f
ajrmuf txdr;f trSwwif Tpmtkytm; xkwa0vdu&jcif;jzpfayonf?
f G
f
f k f
Tpmtkyjf zpfajrmufvmapa&;twGuf vdtyfaomtcsutvufEihf
k
f
S
pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;tm; rem;rae óud;yrf;&SmazGpaqmif;ay;aom a&eHacsmif;òrdŒ
f
k
e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(2)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;cifausm[ef ESiwuG
f
f
kd f
f
hf
tbufbufrS 0di;f 0ef;ulnay;=uoltm;vH;k wd‹k tm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&dS yga=umif;
k
D
rSwwrf;wiftyfygonf?
f
pmayESihf okawoeXme
*syefXmecGJ
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr)
kd
f

10. pum;OD;
jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD[m jrefrmjynf wdi;f &if;om; jynfol
$ f
kd f
k
vlx}k u;D w&yfv;kH &JŒ qENukd ¶kyv;kH azmfxm;wmrd@k ordi;f t& tifrwefrS wefz;kd }u;D
f
k
ta&;ygvygw,f?
S
opfc;kd cH&vd@k 0g;udaygi;f uGy&rSe;f od=u/ ðy=uwJh vlxacgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;&JŒ
k
f
k
tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;yHukd u|eawmfw@kd wawG b,favmufrsm; av;pm;vduem
k
f
k f
0di;f 0ef;=uzd@k aumif;vduygovJ?
k
k f
ordi;f udk vlwa,muf&ŒJ b0oufwrf;wcke@J wdi;f wmwGucsuv@kd r&bl;/
k
k
f f
vlrsKd ;eJ@cs+D yD; t&Snukd =unf=h u&rSmjzpfw,f?
f
urBmrSm 'Duae@txd ay:ayguz;l or# tm%m&SitrsKd ;rsKd ;&JΠb0ed*;kH [m
f
f
acG;a&yk&ydue@J tqH;k owf=u&wmcsn;f ygy? a0;a0;r=unfyge@J / u|eawmfw@kd EiiH
k f
J
h
f
kd f
rSm ppftm%m&Sipepfq;kd }u;D udk t"rR pwif xlaxmifcwhJ Advae0if;eJ@ tarGq;kd udk
f
hJ k f
qufccwhJ Advapmarmifw@kd ao=uyHuy=J unf/h vlao˜ aowm[kw&ŒJ vm;?
H hJ k f
k kd
f
“b,forðy/ rdrr” ygy? 'if;wd@k &ŒJ 'kp¶kurreor#[m om;pOfajr;qufwif
l
d_ J
d f_Sf
kd
i&Jr;D vdk vdurqH;k ygb;l ? 'gukd aemufqufc=H uolawG cktxd oHa0*r&=u/ r,l=u
k f
bJ quf+y;D rduwi;f eufae=uwke;f &Sao;wm thrqH;k bl;? vlxðk zwfcsrS ðywftuscH
k f G
d
H
=ur,fyrsKd ;acgi;f rmae=uw,f? vlpwaysmuf+y;D bDv;l obufb0udk usa&mufae
h kH
d f
=uw,f?
'gjzifh u|eawmfw@kd bmvky=f urvJæ
f
vlxupnf;¶k;H +yD; vlxenf;eJ@z,f&m;Ediz@kd usm;ukwusm;cJ/ ZGcwf/ tm;
k kd
k
S kf
f
J
xkw=f u&r,f? awmif}uD; z0g;atmuf” pdw"gwe@J wufnvufnD OD;xrf;yJxrf;
f f
D
h
rarmwrf; ryef;wrf; vky=f u&rSmjzpfw,f? wu,fvy=f urS t[kwjf zpfvmrSmrd@k
k
0di;f vkyEiz@kd ¶k;d ¶k;d om;om; óud;pm;=uygv@kd av;av;pm;pm; t}uHay;csiygw,f?
k
f kd f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ pm&Gupmwrf;awGukd aygi;f pk+yD;
f
kd f
f
tckvkd pmtkyjf zpfatmif vkyaqmifwtwGuf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
f
hJ
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;cifausm[ef (a&eHacsmif;-2) udk ed*;Hk csKyf aus;Zl;
f
kd f
f
pum;qdyg&ap?
k
(0if;cuf)
t}uHay;yk*Kd~ vf
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitrsdK;om;aumifpD
kfH
2003/ rwfv/ (7) &uf?

11. jyKpkol.trSmpm
1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@rm trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J
S
S
dk
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;jzpf=uwJh &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f rGetrdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGef
d f D kd
f
kd
k
*&ufw@dk u 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu wifajrmufvuf
hS
D Hk D kd
JG
‡
dk
wJh “jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD” ukd zGŒJ pnf;cJygw,f?
f
kd kd f
h
h
tm%mydiawGu trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&JŒ v$wawmfac:,la&;udpP
kf
d kd
f
rjzpfajrmufatmif wjynfv;Hk rSm&Swvwawmfu,pm;vS,trsm;tjym;udk xde;f odr;f
d hJ $ f
kd f
f
vkuwtwGuf v$wawmf&ŒJ vkyief;awGvyz@dk 'DaumfrwDuzŒJG pnf;cJwmjzpfygw,f//
d f hJ
f
f
kf
kd
h
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrm jynfoŒl v$wawmf
hS
D Hk D kd
JG S
f
ud,pm;vS,f (485) OD; a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufcc&+yD; “jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
k f
f
H hJ
f
kd f
aumfrwD” pzGŒJ cserm v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (26) OD; uG,vec=hJ u+yDjzpfv@dk (459)
dfS
f
kd f
f Gf
OD;useygw,f? tJ'txJu trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J rdwaqGygwawGu jynfoŒl
f
D
kd
f
D
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (251) OD;u “jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD” udk
f
kd f
f
kd f
ud,pm;aqmif&uEicihf (Mandate) ay;tyfxm;wJtwGuf 'DaumfrwDu jynfoŒl
k f
G f dk f G
h
v$wawmfu,pm; w&m;0ifq;Hk jzwfvyuiEici&ygw,f?
f
kd f
k f kd f dk f G hf dS
'Dpmtkyjf zpfvmyku wae@rm trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwajrmufe,f
H
S
kd
f
ajr) *syefXmecGu udaomif;jrifO;D (a&eHacsmif;) usaemfqz;Hk quf+y;D jynfoŒl v$wawmf
J
k
h
h D
f
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDuxkwwhJ a=unmcsuawGppnf;+yD; pmtkyxwcsia=umif;/
k f
f
f
k
f k f f
tJ'twGuunEirvm;ar;vmygw,f? a=unmcsuawGu orki;f 0ifr,frwwrf;
D
f l D dk f
f
d
hS f
awGjzpf+yD; jynfwi;f rSmawmif wpkwpnf;wnf;/ wae&mwnf;rSm &Ekiz@dk rvG,awmh
G
df
f
wm a=umifh ulnr,fv@dk ta=umif;jyefc+hJ y;D pwifppnf;cJ&mu tckpmtkyjf zpfvmcJwm
D
k
h
h
yg?

12. 'Dpmtkyrm 1990 jynf/h taxGaxGa&G;aumufyt+yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:
f S
JG
f
,la&;twGuf wifjycsu/f awmif;qkcsu/f ay;pm/ rde@f ce;f awGe@J jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
d
G
f
kd
pm;ðyaumfrwDpwifzGJŒpnf;+yD;uwnf;u xkwfjyefcJhwJh a=unmcsuf/ qkH;jzwfcsuf/
a=unmpmwrf;awGukd pkpnf;azmfjyxm;wJtjyif e0w§etzu trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
h
kd
tzGŒJ csKyfuomrubJ tjcm;wki;f &if;om; Ekiia&;ygwawGtay:yg zdEyaew,fqwm
kd
d
dfH
D
dS f
dk
odapcsiv@dk &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu e0w OuUÏ qDa&;wJpmeJ@ jrefrm
f
d
d kd
h
jynfEiia&;twGuf oifcef;pm,lz@dk tcsuawGygwhJ OD;cifarmif=unf&ŒJ “Ekiia&;ygwD
dk f H
h
f
dfH
rsm;&SioefrS 'Drua&pDpepfci+f rJrnf” aqmif;yg;udygazmfjyxm;ygw,f//
f
kd
dk
k
'Dpmtkyjf zpfajrmufvmzk@d twGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ rl&if;
f
kd f
a=unmcsutawmfrsm;rsm; &SmazGay;cJwhJ rk;d óud;owif;pmwkurS OD;oef;xGËEihf tzGŒJ
f
h
d f
fS
om;rsm;/ a=unmcsutcsKd Œudk CD eJ@u;l ay;cJwhJ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwf
f
h
kd
ajrmufe,fajr) jyef=um;a&;XmerS udk=unf0if;ESihftzGJ@om;rsm;/ uGefysLwmpm±kduf
ay;cJwhJ udjk rqef (u,ef;vli,f)/ pmtkytjyiftqife@J pmtkyjf zpfvmzk@d wm0ef,l
h
f
ay;wJh udyn (aeaZmfEi) eJ@ tjcm; 0di;f 0ef;uln=D uolrsm;tm;vk;H udk trsKd ;om;'Dru
kk
dk f
k
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecG/J pmayESioawoeXmeud,pm; aus;Zl;
f
hf k
k f
txl;wifa=umif; ajymvkygw,f?
d
cifausmf[ef
tzGJŒ0if
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tzGŒJ (jrefrmEdii)
f
kd f
f
kfH

13. jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if trsKd ;om;aumifpD ( NCUB ) OuUÏ
H
AdkvfcsKyf}uD; apmbdkjr . trSmpm
,ckvuf&dS jrefrmjynfonf etz ppftm%m&Sirsm; rw&m;zdEytyp;kd onfh
f
dS f k f
twGuf Armjynfonf wwdi;f jynfv;kH qif;&J'utrsKd ;rsKd ; awGΗuHcpm;ae=u&ygonf?
k
k Q
H
trSerm wdi;f jynftycsKyfaomtpd;k &onf wdi;f oljynfom;wd@k . pm;0wfaea&;/ ynm
fS k
kf
k
a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ use;f rma&;twGuf tpd;k &u umuG,ay;&rnfjzpfonf? wdi;f oljynfom;
f
k
rsm; vGwvyfpmoGm;vmr_/ vGwvyfpmvkyuir/_ tcGita&;&Sromv#if wdi;f jynfw;kd
f
G
f
G f kd f
hf
dS
k
wuf}u;D xGm;+y;D tcufcrsKd ;pHukd ausmvm;oGm;Ekirnfjzpfonf? ,ck ppftpd;k &onf zdEyf
J k
f $
df
dS
apmfum;r_rsm;udoma&SŒwef;wif+yD; wdi;f oljynfom;rsm;udk zdEyapmfum; u|eðf yvkyf
k
k
dS f
aeojzifh wEkiiv;kH 'kua&mufae=uygonf? Tb0qd;k rS vGwajrmufEia&;twGuf
dfH
Q
f
dk f
Armjynf&dS tzdEycwi;f &if;om;tm;vH;k wd@k onf ppfreaomtrsKd ;om;awmfvea&;
dS f H kd
S f
S f
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDacgi;f aqmifrsm;wd@k . OD;aqmif=u+yD; jynfow&yfv;kH .
kd
l
&efoppftm%m&Siysup;D usq;kH oGm;onftxd jywfom;pGm pnf;vH;k wduy0if=u&ef
l
f f
k f JG
ta&;}u;D qH;k jzpfonf? rw&m;aomppftm%m&Siusq;kH rSomv#if ppfreaom z,f'&,f
f
Sf
jynfaxmifp}k u;D udk wnfaqmufEirnfjzpf+y;D at;csr;f om,maom jynfow&yfv;kH .
dk f
l
vdvm;csujf zpfay:vmrnfqwm aocsmygonf? w&m;r#wr_ukd wdi;f jynfacgi;f aqmif
k
kd
k
awGuqkyui+f y;D wef;wla&;ESiu,yijf yÏmef;cGihf av;pm;=urnfqv#if pnf;vH;k nD!wf
f kd
hf kd f kd
kd
G
a&;cdirmrnfjzpf+y;D at;csr;f om,maom z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpwnfaqmufEirnfjzpf
kf
k
dk f
onf? Ekiiopfwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf acgi;f aqmiftm;vH;k trSew&m;ESihf w&m;r#wr_
dfH
f
udk pG+J rJpmqkyuiom;=u&ef/ trsKd ;om;wef;wla&;ESihf ud,yijf yÏmef;cGiutajccHaom
G f kd f G
k f kd
hf kd
'Drua&pDz,f'&,fjynfaxmifpwnfaqmufa&;twGuf wduy0ifóu;d yrf;=u&ef ta&;
kd
k
k f JG
}u;D vSayonf?
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD CRPP u xkwjf yefxm;or# xkwjf yefa=unm
f
kd f
csursm;udppnf;+y;D ,ckuo@kd pmtkytjzpfxwa0vdujf cif;onf CRPP . rsuarSmuf
f
kk
hJ
f
k f k
f
&yfwnfcsu/f óud;yrf;csursm;udk jynfwi;f jynfyESp&yfpvH;k u ykrem;vnfvmEki±ru
f
G
f
d kd
d f kH
tem*wf ppf%m&SipepfEihf vlrsKd ;}u;D 0g'zsuor;f a&;/ vGwvyfr/_ pnf;vH;k r_/ at;csr;f r_/
f
S
f d
f
zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufr&aom 'Drua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpwnfaqmufa&;twGuf wenf;
_ dS
kd
k
wzHk tusKd ;jzpfxe;f aprnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyvdu&ayonf?
G
k f
apmbkdjr
OuU@
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiitrsdK;om;aumifpD
dfH
&ufpJG =2003 ckEp/f arv (27)&uf?
S

14. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD
tydi;
kf
(1)
14

15. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
“jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD”
jynfolŒv$wfawmfaumfrwDudk atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvf (18)OD;jzifhzGJŒpnf;xm;ygonf//
(1) OD;atmifa&$ (OuUÏ/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1)/
kd
k f dk
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
kd f
f
tz OD;zd;k uGe;f .om; OD;atmifa&$ukd 1918 ckEp/f arv(19)&ufae@wif zGm;jrifonf? 1940
S
G
jynfEpwif &efuewuUovrS bDatbGŒJ &onf? 1942-45 ckEprsm;wGif AdvcsKyfatmifqef;
h S f G
k f
kd f
S f
k f
OD;aqmifonfh Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmfEihf ArmhrsKd ;cspwyfrawmf
G f
f
S
f
wd@k wif yg0ifcI vGwvyfa&;óu;d yrf;r_wif +Awo#e,fcsŒJ ESihf *syefzufqpfukd awmfveconf? (1945
G
hJ
f
G d d
S f hJ
- 1961) wyfrawmf (=unf;)wGif ud,yitrSwf (3505) Adv}f u;D tqifrpI wm0efxrf;aqmifc&m
k f kd f
k
hS
hJ
Advr;ª }uD;/ ppfaxmufcsKyf/ Advr;ª csKyf/ wdi;f rª;txd aqmif&uconf? 25-2-1959 rS 15-2k f
k f
k
G f hJ
1961 twGi;f awmifyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyfwif wdi;f rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJG
kd k
G k
wGif bufvuconf[qum 13-2-1961 ae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;u wyfr
kd f hJ
k kd
awmfwif ppfrxrf;jcif;rS t+idr;f pm;,lciðhf ycJonf? 1961-1975 jrefrmEdiiqi&moHtrwf}uD;/
G
_
G h
k f H kd f
=opa=w;v# (e,l;ZDvefyg yl;wGI)/ tD*sp/f jyifopf/ (pydeEi,eufpud)tzGŒJ wd@k yg yl;wGwm0ef,I
J
f S hf l
k
J
l
1975 ckEpwit+idr;f pm;,lconf?
S f Gf
hJ
(2) OD;oef;xGef; (twGif;a&;rª;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
A[ktvkytr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rE av;wki;f / awmifom
d
f
kd
W
d
òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
f
kd f
f
tz OD;zd;k rif;.om; OD;oef;xGe;f udk 1922 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (10)&ufae@wif zGm;jrif
S
D
G
onf? 1937-1941 q,fwef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+causmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942-1946 Armh
H
vGwvyfa&;wyfrawmf tkycsKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfvea&; jrif;+cHc±diwm0efc/H 1946-1953
f
f
S f
kf
jrif;+cHc±dif zqyv twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1947-1958 wdi;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmftrwf/ ygvreftrwf/
k
k
f
D
ygvreftwGi;f 0ef/ 1953-1962 tvkyorm;tpnf;t±H;k rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf ArmEdiiH (wD,pb) twGi;f
D
f
kf
lD D
a&;rª;/ 1964 vrf;pOfygw0if/ 1964-1975 ukeo,a&;(4)tzGŒJ 0if?
D
f G f
(3) OD ; at;omatmif (twG i f ; a&;rª ; / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD )
wGbuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ &cditrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
J
kf
kd
&cdijf ynfe,f/ ajryHòk rŒd YarG;zGm;onf? umuG,a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ t}u;D pm;pufrvyief;aumf
k
f
_ kf
yda&;&Si;f wGif 'k Advr;ª }u;D tjzpf tr_xrf;cJonf? &cditrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . wGbuftaxG
k
k f
h
kf
kd
J
axGtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonf? 2000 jynfEp/f {+yv (24)&ufae@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;. zrf;qD;jcif;cHchJ
hS D
G
S
&+yD; ZGev(21)&ufae@wif axmif'%f (21)ESpf csrwcc&onf?
f
G
S f H hJ
15

16. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(4) OD;wifOD; (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
'k-OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
kd
1927 ckEpwif {&m0wDwi;f / ykoròf rdŒY arG;zGm;onf? 1974-1976 ckEprsm;wGif Advf
S f G
kd
d
S f
k
csKyf}uD;tjzpfESifh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif ratmifjrifaom
tm%modr;f r_Y yg0ifywfoufonf[k pGypc&+y;D axmif'%fcsrwcc&I 1980 jynfEpwif vGwf
f JG H
S f H hJ
hSf G
+idr;f csr;f omcGitrde@f jzifh jyefvwvmonf? 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv (20)&ufae@wif tus,csKyfjzifh
hf
G f
S
kd f
G
f
xde;f odr;f cHc&+yD; 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv(22)&ufae@wif axmif'%f(3)ESpf tjypfay;cHc&onf?
hJ
S
G
hJ
2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv(22)&ufae@wif ppftm%m&Sirsm;. xyfrxe;f odr;f jcif;cHc&+y;D 2001
hS
G
f
H d
hJ
ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (24)&ufae@wif jyefvnfvwajrmufvmcJonf?
S
D
G
G f
h
(5) a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf (tzG @ J 0 if / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD )
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
kd
1945 ckEp/f ZGev (19)&ufae@wif zcifAvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf rdcif a':cif=unfw@kd rS arG;zGm;
S f
G
kd f
cJonf? rdcifa':cif=unf tdE,Ediiqi&m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;tjzpf tr_xrf;pOf rdcifEitwl
h
dN k f H kd f
S hf
vduygI tdE,ESihf +AweEiiw@kd wif ynmoif=um;cJonf? 'eduaA'/ Ediia&;odyEihf pD;yGm;a&;
k f
dN
d d f kd f H G
h
kfH
H` S
bmom&yfrsm;jzifh atmufpzd@k 'wuUovrS 1967 ckEpwif 0dZm(*k%x;l )bGŒJ &cJonf? tar&duef
f
kd f
Sf G …
f
h
EdiiH e,l;a,mufòrŒd &Sd urBmuvor*~±;kH csKyfwif tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf 1972 ckEpwif atmufpzd@k 'f
kf
h k
G
Sf G
wuUovrS wdbuf,Ofaus;r_Eihf [dr0Eœma'oqdi&myg&*l rduu,ft&pP (Dr. Michael Aris)ESihf
kd f
S
kf
k f
J
vufxyfconf? 1988 ckEp/f {+yDvwGif cifye;f / om;ESpa,mufEitwl ruse;f rmaom rdcifukd
hJ
S
G
f
S hf
ðypkapmifa&Smuf&ef jrefrmjynfo@kd jyefvmcJonf? 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwvwGif jzpfym;cJaom vlxk
h
h
S
f
G h
tHºk uGr}_ uD;wGif t"dutwdutcHacgi;f aqmifjzpfvm+yD; pufwifbmvwGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
k f
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf. taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; jzpfvmonf? 1989 ckEp/f Zlviv(19)&ufae@rS 1995 ckEp/f
S
kd f
S
Zlviv(10)&ufae@txd(6)ESp=f um aetdrtus,csKyjf zifh xde;f odr;f cHc&onf? aetdrtus,csKyf
kd f
f
f
hJ
f
f
uscae&pOf 1991 ckEpwif +ir;f csr;f a&;Edb,fvq&&Sconf? 1995 ckEp/f vpfb&,ftifwmae&Sif
H
Sf G d
k
f k d hJ
S
e,fvwvyfa&;qk (Liberal International Prize for Freedom) cs;D jr‡ic&onf? ¡,if;qkukd
G f
hf H
1993 ckEpu tdi,mvefEiiorRw ar&Da&mfbifqif Mary Robinson/ 1994 ckEpu ukv
S f
kf
kd f H
S f
or*~'uonfrsm;qdi&m r[mrif;}uD; qm'gut*gwm Sadako Ogata wd@k &&Sconf?¢ 2000
k Q
kf
kd kd
d hJ
jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wif 'kw,t}udrf aetdrtus,csKyfjzifh xyfrxe;f odr;f cH&
h S
G
d
f
f
H d
+y;D (19)vt=um 2002 ckEp/f arv (6)&ufae@wijf yefvnfvwajrmufvmcJonf? tar&duefEiiH
S
G
G f
h
kd f
z&D;'rf;zd&rftzGŒJ }u;D u 2002 ckEptwGuf cs;D jrionfh “vGwvyfaom pdw"gwq” (Al Neuharth
k
Sf
‡ hf
f
f f k
kfH
f
f d hJ
Free Spirit) ESihf EdiiwumrS ay;tyfonfh *k%ðf yqkaygi; (50)ausm&&Sconf?
16

17. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(6) OD;vGif (tzGJ@0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
twGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuewi;f / oH;k cGòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)/
kd
k f kd
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
kd f
f
tz OD;bom.om; OD;vGiukd 1924 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (22)&ufae@wif zGm;jrifonf?
f
S
kd
G
1942 ckEp/f 'kw,urBmppf}uD;rwdirD &efuewif oli,fwef;rS q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh
S
d
kf
k f G
onf? 1942 - 45 ckEprsm;wGif Armhvwvyfa&;wyfrawmf/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf/ ArmhrsKd ;
Sf
G f
f
cspwyfrawmfw@kd wif yg0ifconf? ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf yxrywf Advoifwef;qif;/ *syef
f
G
hJ
f
k f
jynf bk&ifwyfrawmf ppfwuUovausmif;qif;/ 1946 - jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d oeu(5)wd@k rS Advr;ª
h
kd f
k f
}u;D tqiftxd/ 1952-54 wd@k wif tqifjh rifh ppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUovw@kd wif
h
G
kd f G
wufconf? 1962 - 1980 ppfor;ª (tar&duefjynfaxmifp)/ 'k-wdi;f rª;/ wdi;f rª;/ 'k-0ef}uD;/
hJ
H
k
k
k
0ef}uD;/ 'kw,0ef}uD;csKyf/ Ediiawmfaumifp0if/ 1980 ckEpwif tem;,lonf? vGwvyfa&;armf
d
kfH
D
Sf G
f
uGe;f 0if yxrqif/h Edii*%&nf yxrqif/h oD&yscsbŒJG rsm; cs;D jr‡icc&onf?
k f hH k f
d H D
hf H hJ
(7) OD;vSaz (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
A[dtvkytrlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
k
f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f / armfvòriu|e;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
dk
df
f
f
kd f
f
tz OD;armifqi.om; OD;vSaz udk 1927 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (19)&ufae@wizm;jrifonf?
kd f
S
D
Gf G
armfvòriu|e;f OD;armifaxG; txufwef;ausmif;ESihf òrrtxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wif q,fwef;xd
df
d
G
ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1951-1961 xd ygvreftrwf(armfvòriu|e;f )/ ygvreftwGi;f 0ef (0g;c,fr
h
D
df
D
awmifyi;f )/ Armjynfq&,vpfygwEihf zqyvtwGi;f a&;rª;-armfvòriu|e;f / zqyvtzGŒJ ajrmif;
kd
kd S f
DS
df
jrc±diEi{&m0wDwi;f twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1967 yd@k quf0ef}u;D Xme ndEi;f a&;t&m&SEihf 1986 wdi;f OD;pD;
k f S hf
kd
‡ _d
dS
k
rª;tjzpf t+idr;f pm;,lonf?
(8) OD;pkd;jrifh (ocifpkd;jrifh)/tzGJŒ0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD/
A[dtvkytrlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
k
f
kd
&efuewi;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
k f dk
f
f
kd f
f
tzOD;&Se.om; OD;pd;k jrifukd 1923 ckEp/f =o*kwv (16)&ufae@wif zGm;jrifonf? ajrmif;jròrŒd
df
h
S
f
G
wGif t*Fvy-jrefrm (6)wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f wd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k
d f
h
twGi;f a&;rª;/ e,fcsŒJ ESihf zufqpfawmfvea&; ajratmufacgi;f aqmif/ ArmhumuG,a&;wyfrawmf
Sf
f
wyf&if;rª;/ ykorc±dif jrpf0u|e;f ay:wdi;f ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfoŒl ta&;awmfyygwD wnfaqmuf&m
df k
k
kH
wGif yg0ifc+hJ yD; qd&,vpfygwD ajrmif;jrc±dif OuUÏ ESihf A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if/ zqyv A[dO;D pD;/ Awvp
kS f
k
k
k
A[dtvkytr_aqmif/ qd&,eD A[daumfrwD0if/ jynfoŒl vli,ftzGŒJ csKyf 'k OuUÏ/ 1953 AD,ifem
k
f
kS f
k
vli,fnvmcHom; ud,pm;vS,/f vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0ifyxrqif&onf? t,f'wm/ pmðy/
D
G k f
f
G
h
D
(17)vdi;f tkycsKyfa&;rª; ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGm usivnfconf?
k
f
f
hJ
17

18. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(9) OD;vGef;wif (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfol Œv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
A[dtvkytrlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
k
f
kd
rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
f
kd f
f
tz OD;xGe;f vif;/ trd a':ode;f ar wd@k .om; OD;vGe;f wifukd 1921 ckEp/f rwfv (2)&uf
S
ae@wizm;jrifonf? 1928-32 ajrmif;jratbDtrftrsKd ;orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1932-41
Gf G
ajrmif;jr txuwd@k wif q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? 1941-42 ppfjzpfcsewif
G
h
df G
Oypm atmufwef;txd &efue,eAmpDwaumvdywif ynmoif=um;cJonf? ArmvGwvyfa&;
kf lD
D
f G
h
f
wyfrawmf (bDtiat)wGif tjcm;tqifjh zif/h 1-2-42 rS 16-3-42 txd ArmhumuG,a&;wyfr
kd f
f
awmf(bD'at)wGif t&m&Stqifjh zif/h 27-7-42 rS 26-3-45 txd ArmhrsKd ;cspwyfrawmf(bDyD
D
d
f
tufz)wGif t&m&Stqifjh zif/h 27-3-45 rS 31-12-45 txd toD;oD; Ediiwm0efxrf;aqmif
f
d
kfH
cJonf? 1-2-45 wGif uENpmcsKyft& zGŒJ pnf;aom Armhwyfrawmfwif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd jzpfvm
h
D
G
onf? oeu(5)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 11-6-53 rS 2-10-53 txd/ cv&(22)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf
3-10-53 rS 28-7-55 txd/ cv&(6)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 29-7-55 rS 29-3-57 txd/ cv&
(14)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 30-3-57 rS 18-11-58 txd/ trSw(11) wyfr[mXmecsKywif ,m,D
f
f G
wyfr[mrª;tjzpf 19-11-58 rS 19-5-59 txd/ trSwf (1)wyfr[mXmecsKyfwif ,m,D wyfr
G
[mrª;tjzpf 25-5-59 rS 16-8-61 txd/ trSw(7)wyfr[m XmecsKyfwif wyfr[mrª;tjzpf
f
G
17-8-61 rS 15-2-63 txd/ ercwdi;f rª;tjzpf 16-2-63 rS 29-4-65 txd/ 29-4-65 rSpI
k
u-u-csKyf(=unf;)od@k wGzufwm0ef/ ercwGif wdi;f rª;tjzpf aqmif&upOf bke;f }uD;ta&;tcif;
J
k
G f
Y yg0ifywfoufrj_ zifh 1-9-65 rS 27-11-67 txdxe;f odr;f cHc&onf? umuG,a&;Xme aumifpD
d
hJ
f
!¸e=f um;csutrSw-1§64/ tyd'f (6-1)t& 25-1-68 rSpI ppfrxrf;aqmifjcif;rS &yfpcc&I
f
f
k
_
J H hJ
68-78 wGif trSw(1) pufr0ef}u;D Xme!¸ecsKyf/ 78-81 tvkyorm;Xme!¸ecsKyf/ 81-83 tvkyf
f
_
f
f
f
orm;Xmet}uay;yk*Kd~ vftjzpf aqmif&uconf? 88 ta&;tcif;+y;D aemuf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
H
G f hJ
kd
tzGŒJ csKyo@kd 0ifa&mufconf? jyefwrf;0ifwyfrawmft&m&StrSwrm(3618)jzpfonf? awmfvea&;
f
hJ
d
fS
Sf
aumifp0ifjzpfcz;l I vrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfygw0ifvnf;jzpfconf? 88 ta&;tcif;wGif wyfr;ª
D
hJ
h D
hJ
a[mif;rsm;tzGŒJ 0iftjzpf yg0ifvy&m;cJonf? vGwvyfa&;armfue;f 0ifyxrtqif/h Edii*%&nf
_fS h
f
G
kfHk f
yxrtqif/h oD&yscsaZ,sausmxif/ oD[AvwHqyw@kd tygt0if qkwqy(7)ck &&Sconf?
d H D
f
d f
H d f
d hJ
(10) OD;nGef@a0 (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
A[ktvkytrlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
d
f
kd
yJc;l wdi;f / awmifiòl rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
k
f
f
kd f
f
tz OD;baqG.om; OD;!¸e@f a0udk 1926 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (14)&ufae@wif zGm;jrifonf?
S k
G
&efuewuUovrS 0dZm(abm*aA')*k%x;l ESihf [m;AwfwuUovrS r[m0dZm(tkycsKyfa&;)bGŒJ
kf
kd f …
f
kd f
…
f
wd@k &cJonf? 1947 ckEpwif wESptwGi;f vGwvyfa&;&&S&ef jyifqifrwif zqyvtzGŒJ csKyfu
h
S f G
f
f
d
_ G
ay;aom acgi;f aqmifoifwef;qif;? 1947-52 wuUovausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1952-86
kd f
!¸e=f um;a&;rª;/ A[dpm&if;tif;ESihf abm*aA'Xme/ pufvufrb%f/ refae*smcsKy/f pduysKd ;a&;b%f/
k
_
k f
tmrcHaumfya&;&Si;f OD;aqmif!e=f um;a&;rª;/ 1986 wGif oufjynft+idr;f pm;,lonf?
kd
¸
h
18

19. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(11) EdkifxGef;odef; (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)
OuUÏ/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ ?
f
kd
rGejf ynfe,f/ oHjzLZ&yfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
kd f
f
tz OD;atmif'e;f .om; OD;Edixe;f ode;f udk 1917 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (31)&ufae@wif
G
kf G
S
kd
G
zGm;jrifonf? 1938 ckEp/f arvwGif t*Fvy-jrefrm q,fwef;atmifonf? 1945 ckEp/f rwfvwGif
S
df
S
odybŒJG ( B.Sc.) &onf? 1946 ckEpwif &mrnwdi;f vH;k qdi&m rGetzGŒJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/
H`
Sf G
k
kf
f
1947-48 wGif usKd ufcrD(8)e,fynmtky/f 1949-58 ckEptxd vufeufuif rGeajratmufawmf
Sf
kd f
vSea&;tzGŒJ acgi;f aqmif/ 1958-63 txd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGejf ynfoŒl wyfO;D tzGŒJ taxGaxG
f
twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&uonf? 1963-69 txd armfvòrdiaxmifwif xde;f odr;f cH&onf?
G f
f
G
1969-88 txdarmfvòri+f rKd @ rGetrsKd ;om;ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwDem,u/ rGepmayòyiyqyfaumf
d
f
f
d f JG
rwD OuUÏ/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ (A[d) OuUÏ jzpfonf?
f
kd
k
(12) ylusifh&Sif;xef/ tzG@J0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD/
OuUX/ Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf/
k
f
csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdeòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
kd f
tz OD;qGr;f [ef.om; ylusi&i;f xef udk 1938 ckEp/f {+yDv (6)&ufae@wizm;jrifonf?
hf S
S
GfG
Zrf;yD tru/ wD;wdef txu/ rE av;wdi;f cspausmif;wd@k wif ynmoif=um;cJ&m 1958 ckEpwif
W
k
f
G
h
Sf G
q,fwef;atmifonf? &efuewuUovY ynmqufvufoif=um;&m 1963-64 csi;f ausmif;om;
kf
kd f
rsm; or*~ OuUÏ/ xdrS 1964 ckEpwif Ediia&;odybmom/ t*Fvy/f pmpDpmuH;k wd@k jzifh 0dZmbGŒJ &
k
S f G kfH
H`
d
…
onf? 1964-67 &efuewuUovOya'XmewGif ynmqufvufoif=um;cJ&m 1967 ckEpwif
k f
kd f
h
S f G
0dZmOya'bGŒJ / 1968 ckEpwif Oya'0dZm ( L.L.B. )bGŒJ &onf? 1969 ckEpwif a&SŒaetvkyoif/
…
S f G
…
S f G
f
1971 ckEpr,ae@txd w&m;±H;k csKyfa&SŒae/ 1961 ckEpwif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tzGŒJ
S f S
S f G
G f
tvkytr_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ 1972 ckEpf wGif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiH zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;qG&ef
f
S
kf
k
J
t}uay;&mrS 1972 ckEprS 1974 ckEptxd xde;f odr;f cHc&onf? Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf(A[d)wGif
H
Sf
Sf
hJ
k
f
k
OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&uonf?
G f
(13) cGefxGef;OD;/ tzGJ@0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f pm;ðyaumfrwD/
OuUÏ/ &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
d
kd
&Sr;f jynfe,f/ oDaygòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
kd f
tz OD;p0f=umZH.om; OD;cGexe;f OD;udk 1943 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@wif
k
f G
S
G
arG;zGm;onf? odEZmwdjzpfonf? awmif}u;D uarBmZaumvdyrS 1964 ckEpwif wuUov0ifwef;
DM
f
Sf G
kd f
atmifI 1965 ckEpwif &efuewuUovwif Oya'bmom&yfukd 'kw,ESptxd wufa&mufoif
Sf G
kf
kd f G
d f
=um;cJonf? 1967-77 tif'e;D &Sm;oH±;kH ppfor;ª . ud,a&;t&m&S/d 1984 ckEpwif Ediiwum
h
kd
H
k f
S f G kfH
owif;pmjzef@csa&;ukr%D *syef(tdptufp). owif;pmjzef@csa&;ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif&uf
d
`
kD
f
d
k f
f
G
19

20. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
onf? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om; rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf(A[d) OuUÏ jzpfonf?
k
kd
k
(14) OD ; vS a rmif / tzG @ J 0 if / jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD /
rdsK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJŒ/
u&ifjynfe,f/ =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
kd f
tz OD;bd;k wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wd@k .om; OD;vSarmifukd 1936 ckEp/f Zlviv (26)&uf
S
kd f
ae@wizm;jrifonf? +rdwòf rdŒ oef;zd&yfZmwdjzpfonf? 'kw,wef;txd oef;zd&yfwif ausmif;aecJh
GfG
k
d
k
G
onf? 1945-51 xm;0,f trSw(1)tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;
f
cJonf? 1954 ck/ =o*kwv (20)&ufae@wif wyfrawmfo@kd wyfom;tqifjh zifh pwif0ifa&mufonf?
h
f
G
1959 ckEp/f ZGevwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'k-Adv/f ucsi(4)? vdKG ifvif/ ppfui;f / usKd if;wHw@kd wif
S
f
k
f
kd
k
G
aEGO;D ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&&Sconf? 1962 Adv/f evu OuUÏ/ ppfui;f / jynfc±dif oJue;f /
d hJ
k
kd
k
k
aygi;f wnfw@kd wif 1970 ckEptxd wm0efxrf;aqmifconf? 1971 ckEpwif e,fbufwm0efrS
G
S f
hJ
S f G
ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifiwif wyfa&;/ wyfcr;ª ponfjzifh atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wGif
l G
JG
ygonf? 1972-75 tv,fyi;f wdi;f ppfXmecsKyf pcef;rª;/ r*Fvm'H/k awmifi/l atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;
kd k
wd@k wivnf;aumif;/ 1975-79 wyfcr;ª / Advr;ª ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv&(65) rdi;f wH/k usKd if;wH/k rdi;f jyif;/
Gf
JG k f
k
k
rdi;f qwfe,fajrwd@k wif rd;k [de;f (1§2§3)ppfqifa&;wd@k wif yg0ifconf? 1979 ckEpwif wyf&if;rª;/
k
G
G
hJ
Sf G
cv&(97) aumhu&dw/f jr0wD/ bm;tH? 1984 ckEpwif 'kw,Advr;ª }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS
S f G
d k f
t+idr;f pm;,lconf?
hJ
(15) OD;pdk;0if;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
f
kd f
trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygw/D
kd
yJc;l wki;f / yJc;l òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
dk f
tz OD;=uifqi.om; OD;pd;k 0if;udk 1945 ckEp/f =o*kwv (7)&ufae@wiarG;zGm;onf?
kd f
S
f
Gf
anmifO;D òrŒd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1968 ckEpwif &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS 0g%Z(pufrEiuexw)
Sf G
kf
kd f
d …
_ S hf k f k f
bGŒJ &onf? 1968-72 okawoevufaxmuf(pDrue;f Xme) tkwusi;f *Hepuf±/kH ‚if;aemuf yHEyf
H d
f
kD
k dS
vkyief;vkyuionf?
f
f kd f
(16) OD;ode;f az tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
az/
f
dk f
woD;yk*v/ ppfui;f wki;f / uef@bvlòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
~
kd d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
kd f
tz OD;boif.om; OD;ode;f azudk 1940 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (5)&ufae@wizm;jrifonf?
hS
D
GfG
[krvif;Zmwfjzpfonf? 1958 ckEpwif [krvif; txurSwef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifI
R
Sf G
R
h
f
J
20

21. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1961 ckEpwif vufaxmufuse;f rma&;rª;oifwef;atmifonf? 1961 ckEprpI use;f rma&;rª;
S f G
S f S
tjzpf aus;vufuse;f rma&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1987 ckEpwif t+idr;f pm;,lcJ
S f G
onf? 29-9-90 &ufae@u tr&yl&(2) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
ðyvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd @0utpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI oufqi&mrS xde;f
f
S f
hJ
kd f
odr;f jcif;cHc&onf? ‚if;aemuf jypfrqi&m Oya'yk'r (122)(1)t& jypfrxif&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&I
hJ
_ kd f
f
_
S
a&G;aumufyOya' (11)(n)ESihf ndpe;f ojzifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsuvua=umif;
JG
G
f
kd f
f
f kd f
aumfr&SirS 22-1-92 ae@pjJG zifa=unmonf?
f
h
(17) OD;ausmrif;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
f
kd f
f
trsKd ;om;vlŒtcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygw/D
hf
kd
&cdijf ynfe,f/ bl;oD;awmifòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
k
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f f dk f
tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a':avrefcgw.om; OD;ausmrif;(c)rmarmufa&Smif±_
l
f
tmaemf*vma[mufukd 1953 ckEpwizm;jrifonf? bl;oD;awmifòrŒd e,f/ rdausmif;aus;&GmZmwd
l
Sf GfG
jzpf o nf ? rd a usmif ; aus;&G m tru/ awmif b Zm tvu/ ppf a wG txu
wd@k wiynmoif=um;cJonf? 1968 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS ( B.Com. )bGŒJ &onf? 1969
Gf
h
S f G
kd f
ckEpwif txu(3) ppfawG txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckEpwif ynma&;'DyvdrmbGŒJ &I bl;oD;
Sf G
Sf G
k
awmifòrŒd e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkytjzpf aqmif&uc&mrS
f
G f hJ
1989 ckEp/f rwfvwGif tvkyrxwy,fc&onf?
S
fS k f
H
(18) OD;axmifcxef;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
f
f fkd f
kd
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
k kd
kd
ppfui;f wki;f / wrl;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,f/
kd d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
kd f
wrl;òrdŒe,f/ pHuyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f Zlviv (5)&ufae@wif tz
S
kd f
G
OD;&efcve;f / trd a':vdicusi;f wd@k rarG;zGm;onf? jynfawmfomaus;&Gm tru/ wrl; truESihf
kd G
_ f kd
S
txu/ tvHk txu(1) &efue/f trSw(2) txu (xD;wef;) =unfjh rifwi/f &efue0ZmESioyH`
k
f
kd
k f d … hf d
wuUovf wd@k wif 0dZmbG@J &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJonf? ukeonftvkyjf ziftoufarG;onf?
kd
G …
h
f
h
21

22. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. rJqENe,fudk,fpm;ðyr+
pOf
Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD t zG J @ tpnf ;
rJqENe,f
1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
8?
9?
10?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf
kd
&Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
&cditrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kf
kd
rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J
f
kd
trsKd ;om;vl@tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD
hf
kd
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDygwD
kd
Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf
k
f
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k kd
kd
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
woD;yk*v
~
392
23
11
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
aygif;
443
22

23. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwfjyefa-unmcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufI
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. oabmxm;
ppfreaom 'Drua&pDEiirsm;.ausm±d;k onf vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyJG
S f
kd
kd f H
f
rSwqifh wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfo@l vwawmfjzpfygonf? xka=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:
$ f
d
f
aygua&;ESihf 'Drua&pDta&;udk rnfuo@kd r#cjJG cm;Ir&yg? 1990ckEp/f a&G;aumufy=JG uD;udk jynfo@l
f
kd
hJ
S
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf&efusif;yaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydicaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESiy*Kd~ vfrsm;/ a&G;aumufywiray;cJaom
JG G
S f hJ
kfH
D
hf k
JG G f J h
EdiioEiiom;rsm;tm;vH;k onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;udvufcI oabmwlnpmESihf
k f H l kd f H
f
f
k
H
D G
aqmif&uc=hJ uonf[k qdEiygonf? xk@d a=umifh Tyk*K~d vftm;vH;k tay:wGif a&G;aumufy.&v'f
G f
k kd f
JG
udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef wwftm;or# óu;d yrf;&rnfh wm0ef&aeygonf? jynfo@l rsm;. axmuf
dS
cHru&,l+yD;/ a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc=hJ u&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay:wGif txl;wm
J kd
f
kd f
f
0ef&ygonf?
dS
jynfoŒl v$wawmfatmifjrifpmac:,l+yD;/ v$wawmfpnf;rsO;f rsm;ESitnD vkyuiaqmif
f
G
f
hf
f kd f
&GuEionfh tajctaera&mufEiao;onfh tcseumvtwGi;f / rnfonfh v$wawmfu,pm;
f kd f
kd f
df
f
kd f
vS,rS rdr.qENt&aomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/ tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. qENt&/ cdi;f apcsuf
f d
k
t&aomfvnf;aumif; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS rE_wxuEiyg? rnfo/l rnfonftzGŒJ
f
kd f
f
f G f dk f
h
tpnf;urSvnf; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk v$wawmfrac: rDumvtwGi;f ud,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
f
f
k f
tjzpfrS y,fzsuIr&Ediyg? jynfoua&G;cs,wifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;
f
kf
l
f
G f
kd f
vS,rsm;onf jynfo@l vwawmfay:aygua&;udk wpdurwfrwf aqmif&uae=u&rnfomjzpf
f
$ f
f
k f
G f
ygonf? TuJo@kd aqmif&ujf cif;jzifh jynfotay: opPmapmifpnf;a=umif;udjk yo&ygrnf?
h
G
l
h
23

24. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
v$wfawmfac:,la&;udk ydwfyif[ef@wm;vdkaom&nf&G,fcsufjzifh tm%mydkifrsm;onf
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tajrmuftrsm;udk xdr;f odr;f jcif;/ twif;t=uyf zdtm;ay;I rw
f
dk f
f
&m;E_wxuapjcif;rsm;udk ðyvkycygonf? TuJo@kd tcuftcJrsm;twGi;f rSyif a&G;aumufywif
f G f
f hJ
h
JG G
atmifjrifcaom rJqENe,fajrta&twGut& yxr/ 'kw,ESihf wwd,ae&mrsm;ud&&Scaom
hJ
f
d
k d hJ
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cditrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
kd
k
kd
kf
kd
csKyf wd@k Eitwl rGetrsKd ;om; 'Drua&pDtzG@J ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@kd u yl;aygi;f I ppfreaom
S hf
f
kd
k
f
Sf
'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkay:aygufa&;udkar#mfudk;+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,la&;udka&S@±_um
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf?
f
kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsufrsm;udkavhvmvsif ppfrSefaom
'Drua&pD v$wawmfw&yftaejzifh Oya'ðya&;wm0efrsm;udk Edii.tusKd ;ESivnf;aumif;/ tajccH
kd
f
kfH
hf
vlŒtcGita&;rsm;ESivnf;aumif; udunpm rnfuo@kd aqmif&urnfukd odjrifEiygrnf? xd@k
hf
hf
k f D G
hJ
G f
kd f
tjyif jynfotay: opPmxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf rnfuo@kd aom
l
f
kd f
f
hJ
t=uyftwnf;rsm;t=um;rS &yfwnfae=uonfuvnf; od&Eiygrnf? ppfreaom 'Drua&pDjynf
kd
dS kd f
Sf
kd
axmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf ay:xGe;f &eftwGuf jynfo@l vwawmfac:,la&;onf t"duusa=umif;ESihf
kfH
$ f
'Drua&pDukd cspjf rwfE;kd aomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;. ZG/J owW/d vH@k v/ 0d&,wd@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,l
dk
d
f
a&; rkcsatmifjrifrnfjzpfa=umif;wd@k uvnf; em;vnfoabmaygurnf[k ar#mvifygonf?
kd
f
f h
a':atmifqef;pk-unf
24

25. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwfjyefa-unmcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufI
twGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;omatmif. oabmxm;
“ Oya't&mwGif vlwi;f onftnDtr#omjzpf. ” [k tqktrde@f &onf// Ttqktrde@f
dk
d
dS
d
ukd vufawGŒusio;Hk aomEkiirsm;&S.// ,if;Ekiirsm;rSm 'Drua&pDEiirsm;jzpf=uonf// xkEiirsm;
hf
dfH d
dfH
kd
kd f H
d dk f H
wGif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;/ vl@tcGita&;rsm;udav;pm;vkuem=u.// jynfow@kd ud,wiuvnf;
kd
hf
hf
k
d f
l
k f dk f
Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;ponfw@dk udk vGwvwvyfvyfzefw;D Edir&=dS u.// xd@k a=umifh tqkygEiiH
dfH
_
f G f
kf_
d kd f
rsm;wGif zGŒH òzd;wd;k wuf=u.//
tcsKd ŒaomEkiirsm;wGirl tkyp;kd olw@dk onf tm%mudk Oya'ESitnD &,ljcif;r&Sonfh
dfH
f
f
hf
d
tjyif Oya'tay: Yaev#uf xif&mpki;f umtkycsKyfwwf=u.// xk@d a=umifh tajccH'rua&pDtcGihf
d
f
D dk
ta&;rsm;qdwfokOf;ae+yD; jynfolwkd@.tcGifhta&;ESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;vnf; uG,faysmufaejcif;
a=umifh zGHΘzd;wdk;wufjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif acwfaemufjyefyifqGJaewwf.// ,if;EkdifiHrsm;rSm
tm%m&SiEiirsm;omjzpf=u.//
f dk f H
vGwvyfa&;&jy;D aemuf jrefrmEkiiwif ygvref'rua&pDpepfjzifh tkycsKyconfumvxuf
f
dfH G
D D dk
f f hJ h
wyfrawmfrtm%modr;f +yD; tkycsKyfconfumvu ydI=um&Snconf// ygvref'rua&pDacwf
S
f hJ h
k
f hJ
D D dk
wGif vGwvyfpmajymqkpnf;±k;H cGi/hf vGwvyfpma&;om;xkwa0cGi/hf vGwvyfpmtoif;tzGŒJ ˜ zGŒJ
f
G
d
f
G
f
f
G
pnf;cGihf ponftajccH'rua&pDtcGita&;rsm; tawmftoif&conf// “tcsKyftjcmtm%m
h
D dk
hf
h dS hJ
onf jynforsm;xHrS qif;ouf&rnf” qdaom 'Drua&pDrt& a&G;aumufyrsm;jzifh wifajr‡muf
l
k
kd
l
JG
xm;onfh jynfo@l u,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh jynfo@l vwawmfuzŒJG pnf;+yD; xdjk ynfoŒl v$wawmfryif
kd f
f
$ f
dk
f
S
tkycsKyfa&;tzG@J tpnf;udz@JG pnf;ItkycsKyfc=hJ uonf// od@k &mwGif 1962 ckEp/f wyfrawmfrS tm%m
f
k
f
S
odr;f ,l+y;D aemuf wygwpepfuusio;Hk cJ&mrS trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;!Gwrysujf ym;um jynfow@kd .
D
kd hf h
f_
l
Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ponfh vlra&;b0tajctaersm; ,d,i;f vmvsuf taxGaxGtusyf
kfH
_
_
k G
twnf;rsm;ESi=hf uKH=udKufjyD; 1988 ckEpwif vlxt=Hk uGr=_ uD;ay:ayguc&ayonf? xkvxt=Hk uGr_
Sf G
k
f hJ
d l k
rSjynfow@dk . awmif;qkra=umifh ygwppepfukd cGiðhf yI a&G;aumufyuvnf; usi;f yay;cJonf//
l
d _
D Hk
JG kd
h
xko@kd usi;f ycJonfh 1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufywif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS tjywf
d
h
hS
JG G
kd
towftEdkif&cJhouJhokd@ tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;ygwDtcsdKŒuvnf; oufqkdif&mjynfe,frsm;wGif
toD;oD;tEdi&cJ.// ygwtvkua&G;cs,wifajr‡mufc&onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;. trnfpm&if;
kf h
D d f
f
H
k f
f
rsm;ukvn;f twnfðya=unmay;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf? jynfwi;f a&mjynfyEkiirsm;uyg Ta&G;aumuf
d
G
dfH
yGonf twki;f twmwckxd vGwvyfIw&m;r#wr_&a=umif; todtrSwðf ycJ=h uonf?
J
d
f
dS
25

26. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
od@k &mwGif tm%mydiw@dk onf jynfow@dk .qENursuu,ðf yvsuf a&G;aumufytwGuf
kf
l
kd f G
JG
ay;xm;cJonfh uwdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmuf=uonf/ xk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufywif trsm;qk;H tEki&
h
JG G
df
cJonfh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftygt0if wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;u jynfo@l vwawmfac:,l
h
kd
d
D
G f
usi;f yay;a&;ESihf tm%mv$ajymif;ay;a&;wk@d twGuf 0ditrfpat a=unmpmwrf;/ *EDcrf;r
J
kf
D
N
a=unmpmwrf; ESihf Advatmifausmvrf;yl;wGa=unmpmwrf;wk@d uxwjf yef+y;D tm%mydiw@dk tm;
k f
f
J
kd k
kf
wkuwe;f awmif;qkc=hJ uonf// od@k &mwGif tm%mydiw@dk u rnfo@kd r#aqmif&uay;cJjh cif;r&Sonfh
d f G
d
kf
G f
d
tjyif ygwrsm;udzsuor;f jcif;/ zrf;qD;jcif;/ tusyuijf cif;rsm;udvnf; ðyvkyvmcJonf? Tod@k zrf;
D
k f d
f dk
k
f h
qD;/ zdEyrtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;onf jynfow@dk . ay;tyf
dS f _
dfH
D
kd
l
aomwm0eft& jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf tpOfwpduóf u;d yrf;=u&m 1998 ckEpwif
f
f
k
Sf G
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS &ufaygi;f (60)twGi;f jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef tm%mydif
kd
f
k
rsm;xH yl;wGawmif;qdc=hJ uonf? od@k &mwGif t%mydirsm;u aqmif&uay;cJjh cif;r&Scay? xda=umifh
J
k
kf
G f
d hJ
k
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lusi;f yEdia&;twGuf wdi;f &if;om;ygwD
kd
$ f
kf
k
rsm;/ tjcm; 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf !dEi;f aqG;aEG;+yD; taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;jzifh jynfow@kd .
kd
S _d
l
ay;tyfxm;aomwm0efukd ausyepm xrf;aqmifEia&;twGuf óu;d yrf;aepOf tm%mydiw@kd onf
GfG
kd f
kf
jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (180)ausmEihf tzGŒJ csKyfrS ygw0iftrsm;tjym;tygt0if tjcm;
G f
kd f
fS
D
ygwrsm;rSEiia&;orm;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;jzifh ‚if;wd@k . ADZo±kyouefukd urBmu jrifap
D
kd f H
f
cJonf?
h
rnfo@kd yifjzpfap a&G;aumufywitEdi&cJ=h uonfEiia&;ygwrsm;taejzifh jynfovxu
JG G f k f
h kd f H
D
l l k
ay;tyfcaomwm0efukd OD;vnfrokef aqmif&uom;rnf[k oHEÏmefcsrwxm;jy;D jzpfonfEitnD
hJ
G f G
Md
S f
S hf
jynfolwdk@.qENudk atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkifa&;twGuf (16-9-98)&ufae@wGif
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;vdu&jcif;jzpfayonf? xkd jynfoŒl v$wf
f
kd f
k f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEitwl wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwD (4)
kd f
kd
S hf
k
kfH
ygww@kd vufwvsuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (251)OD;wd@k u v$tyfay;xm;onfh vkyyif
D
JG
f
dk f
J
f kd
cGirsm;t& w&m;0ifz@JG pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? ,if;od@k z@JG pnf;jyD;aemuf TaumfrwDonf acwfEihf
hf
S
rqDavsmfaom/ jynfolwdk@.tusdK;ESihfqef@usifaomOy'rsm;udk jyifqifjcif;/ y,fzsufjcif;rsm;
ðyvkycouJo@kd vuf&tm%mydirsm;. w&m;vufvwðf yrlaqmif&uaer_rsm;udvnf; jynforsm;
f hJ h
dS
kf
G
G f
k
l
od&ap&ef a=unmcsursm; xkwjf yefay;vsu&onf? tqdyga=unmcsursm;udk zwf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh
dS
f
f dS
k
f
trsm;jynfow@kd onf TaumfrwD. aqmif&ucsursm;udk ydrem;vnf oabmayguvm=urnfh
l
G f f
k kd
f
tjyif/ tm%mydiw@kd . w&m;vufvwðf yrlaqmif&ucsursm;ESihf jynfovxtm; rxDrjhJ rif
kf
G
G f f
l l k
ðyaer_w@dk ukd trSetwdi;f odjrifEi=f urnfjzpfonf?
f k
kd
OD;at;omatmif
26

27. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;ðrdŒe,f / &efukefòrdŒ?
pmtrSwf - 060 § pnf; ( +idrf ) § 96 ?
&ufpJG - 1996 ckEp/f rwfv (25) &uf?
S
od@k
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
k f
OuUÏ
Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
dfH
f
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf
dfH
ta=umif;t&m?
? yxrt}udrjf ynfoŒl v$wawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&ufowf
f
h
rSw&ef jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; !dEi;f aqmif&ua&;twGuf
f
$ f
kd f
f
‡ d_
G f
pDpOfay;&efup/P /
d
1//
1988ckEp/f pufwifbmv(18)&ufae@wif xkwjf yefcaom Ekiiawmfjir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnf
S
G
hJ
dfH
df
aqmuf a&;tzG@J / (a=unmcsutrSwf - 1§88) t& ² ² ²
f
“(u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/
(c) vrf;yrf;qufo,rvðHk cHacsmarG@apa&;/
G f _
(*) jynforsm;. pm;0wfaea&; acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukeóf u;d yrf;aqmif&uf
l
G
ay;&efEihf yk*vu/ or0g,rwd@k aqmif&uEiatmifvnf; wwfEior#unaqmif
S ~ d
G f kd f
dk f
l D
&Guay;Ekia&;/
f df
(C) txufygvyief;&yfrsm; jynfp+Hk y;D v#if ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y
kf
h
D Hk D kd
JG
a&;”
wd@k ukd vufiif;vkyief;wm0efrsm;tjzpfxrf;aqmif&ef wdi;f jynfo@kd Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;
f
k
kfH
f
r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u a=unmcJygonf?
h
2?
tqkyga=unmcsutrSwf (1§88) tyd'f - 3 wGif ² ² ²
d
f
k
“taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcsewif tqifoifjh zpfae&eftwGuf ppfreaom
JG
h d f G
S f
'Drua&pDukd vufcusio;Hk rnfh ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrpI jyifqifzŒJG pnf;Eki=f uonf?”
kd
H hf
D
S
d
æ [kwuwe;f cJygonf?
dk f G h
27

28. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
3?
od@k jzpfI ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDEiiawmf yDjyifpmay:xGe;f vma&;ESifh trsm;jynfol
Sf
D Hk D kd
dk f H
G
wd@k .qENEiuunaom tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm;udtmrcHrnfh ppfreonf'rua&pDtpd;k &
S fh kd f D
hf
k
S f h D dk
jzpfay:vmap&ef&nf&,v#u/f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnf
G f
dk
kfH
f
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ u 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (27)&ufae@wijf yÏmef;cJaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;
S
G
h
kfH
D
rSwywifjcif;Oya' (Oya'trSwf 4§88) t&/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
f Hk
D Hk D kd
JG
aumfr&Siwif rSwywifc+hJ yD;/ Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;tjzpf w&m;0if&yfwnfaev#u&ygonf?
f G
f Hk
kfH
D
f dS
4//
vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yI jynfoŒl
f
D Hk D kd
JG
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmufEi&ef Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf
f
kd f
f
‡ dk f d f H
df
a&;tzGŒJ u 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' (Oya'trSwf
S
G
f
14§89) udk jyÏmef;vkuygonf?
d f
5//
‚if;jyif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu 1988 ckEp/f ZGev
D Hk D dk
JG
f
S
f
(30) &ufae@wixwjf yefcaom/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyenf;Oya'rsm; (ygwp'rua&pD
Gf k
hJ
f
JG
D Hk D kd
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm;/ trSwf - 1§89) ESitnDvnf;/ trsKd ;
JG
fh
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990jynfEp/f arv(27) &ufae@Yusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pD
kd
h S
h
D Hk D kd
taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydita&G;cHcygonf//
JG G
S f
hJ
6?
xko@kd ta&G;cHc&mwGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f (485)ae&m usi;f yay;cJonfteuf/
d
hJ
f
J
h h
rJqENe,f(392) ae&mwGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS tEki&&Sc+hJ y;D / jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
kd
df d
f
kd f
vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHc&ygonf// xd@k a=umifh rJqENe,f&mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (82)
f
‡
hJ
df_
cef@ tEki&&Scygojzifh rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.axmufcryrm% rnfr#}uD;rm;a=umif; xif&m;
d f d hJ
S
l l k
H _
S
vSygonf//
7?
wzef jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
dfH
D Hk D dk
JG
aumfr&Siu 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv (1)&ufae@wif a=unmcsutrSwf (896)udk xkwjf yefI
f
h S
dk f
G
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu yg0if,Oòf yionfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (447) OD;teuf
kd
S df
f
kd f
f
vGwawmfu,pm;vS,f (87²70) &mckiEe;f udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&a=umif; w&m;0if
f
kd f
df _
hJ
todtrSwðf ycJygonf/ TrSmwGivnf; jynfovxu wcJeufaxmufcray;vkua=umif; xif&m;
h
f
l l k
H_
d f
S
pGmjyoaejcif;jzpfjyefygonf//
8//
od@k aomf ,ae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. t+yD;
dk
D Hk D dk
JG
f
owftpD&ifcpmxGuay:vmjcif;r&Sao;yg// 1992 ckEp/f rwfv (24)&ufae@wif xkwjf yefcaom
H
f
d
S
G
hJ
“jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unm
kfH
D Hk D kd
JG
csutrSwf (1014)” wGif f
“··· Taumfr&Sionf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd }uD;rª;usi;f yay;cJ&m/ ,if;
f
D Hk D kd
JG
h
a&G;aumufyonf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfwif ygwppepfjyefvnfusio;Hk Ekia&;twGu/f
JG
dfH
G
D Hk
hf d f
yxrOD;qk;H usi;f yonfa&G;aumufyjJG zpfygonf/ ,if;a&G;aumufyukd jyÏmef;xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wf
h
JG
28

29. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
awmfa&G;aumufyOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnD usi;f yay;cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? ,if;a&G;aumufywif
JG
fh
JG G
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&olrsm;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/
f
kd f
f
‡ H
±_;H edrvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;ESiywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumuf
hf $ f
kd f
f
fh
f
yGOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnD pDppf&ef aumfr&Siwiwm0ef&ygonf// ···” [kazmfjycJygonf?
J
hf
f Gf
dS
h
9//
1992 ckEp/f {+yDv (6)&ufae@wif usi;f ycJaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf ygwp'rkd
S
G
h
dfH
D Hk D
ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SiEihf jynfe,f§wki;f / òrŒd e,faumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ
JG
fS
d
f
rsm;.!dEi;f tpnf;ta0;wGif aumfr&SiOuUÏu ‡ d_
f
“··· a&G;aumufyctzGŒJ rsm;u uef@uuvmrsm;ppfaq;qk;H jzwfonfvyief;rsm;udvnf;
JG Hk
G f G
h kf
k
t+yD;owfaqmif&uvsu&onf[k od&a=umif; ···”
G f
f dS
“··· v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcxm;&olrsm;ESifh ±_;H edrvwf
f
dk f
f
H
hf $
awmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; pkpaygi;f (2201) OD;wk@d . a&G;aumufyueusp&dwf pdppfa&;vkyief;
kd f
f
k
JG k f
f
yxr tqifrm+yD;jywf+yD;jzpfa=umif; ···” [lI twdtvif; ajym=um;cJygonf?
h S
h
10?
,ae@ 1996 ckEp/f rwfvqkv#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESiywfoufI
S
d
f
kd f
f
fh
a&G;aumufyuef@uuvmwifoi;f jcif;ESifh a&G;aumufyueusp&dwppfaq;jcif;qki&m a&G;aumuf
JG
G f $
G
JG k f
f
df
yGctzGŒJ rsm;. aqmif&ucsursm; +yD;jywfcjhJ yD;jzpfygonf//
J Hk
G f f
11//
ygwDpkH'Ddrdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfolŒv$wfawmf
a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r - 41/ yk'rcGJ (*)ESitnD/ a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wf
JG
f
f
hf
‡
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd “a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trnf
kd f
f
‡
f
kd f
f
ud k a =unmjcif ; ” ta=umif ; t&mjzif h a=unmcsuf r sm;ay;yd k @ &mwG i f “a&G ; aumuf w if
ajrmufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif;” w&m;0iftwnfðya=unmv#uf
‡
$ f
kd f
ta=umif;=um;cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf// xk@d twl jrefrmEkiijH yefwrf;wGivnf;/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;
df
f
cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xnfoi;f a=unm+yD;jzpfygonf// xk@d a=umihf
f
kd f
h G
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh
h S
D Hk D dk
JG G
jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf w&m;0ifu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfae=uygonf?
$ f
kd f
f
kd f
f
12//
jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'/ “tcef; (2) v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ ” yk'r - 3
$ f
JG
f
f
t& æ “v$wawmfurqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaom v$wf
f
dk J
hf
dk f
awmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifz@JG pnf;&rnf//” [lIjzpfygonf// ,if;od@k zŒJG pnf;rnfvwawmfonf
k f
f
h
h $ f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r - 2/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& “v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl v$wf
f
JG
f
f
f
dk
S
awmfuqvonf//” [k&i;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm;ygonf// ,ckac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfh v$wf
kd dk dk
S
awmfonf wki;f jynfðyv$wawmfr[kwb/J jynfoŒl v$wawmfomjzpf&ygrnf//
d
f
f
f
13//
xkae@u w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom Ekiia&;ygwtm;vH;k taejzifh tm%mydirsm;.!$ef
d
dfH
D
kf
=um;csut& vkuemrnf[k vufrwa&;xk;d cJ&aom 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufwif xkwf
f
d f
S f
h
hS
dk f
G
29

30. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jyefconfh Ekiiawmfjidr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsutrSwf (1§90) tyk'f hJ
dfH
f
f
d
12 wGif “···jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'/ yk'r - 3 wGif “v$wawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS
f
JG
f
f
TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”
hf
‡
dk f
f
kd f
f
[lI jyÏmef;yg&onf// ,if;jyÏmef;csuEitnD/ v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+idr0yf
dS
f S hf
f
kfH
f
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u aqmif&uay;rnf// ···” [lI wki;f jynfo@dk twdtvif; xkwjf yef
G f
d
a=unmchygonf?
J
14//
Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . (90) }urajrmuf
dfH
df
df
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGwif J G
“··· yxrt}udrf v$wawmftpnf;ta0;ac:,lrnf&uf owfrwxm;r_ &Sr&SEiywf
f
h
S f
d d S fh
oufI ar;jref;csuukd ajz=um;&mwGi/f a&G;aumufy+JG y;D v#if ta&G;cH&onfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
f
kd f
rsm; ndEi;f aqmif&u&rnfjzpfa=umif; ···” [lI twdtvif;&Si;f vif;ajz=um;cJygonf?
S d_
G f
h
15//
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'/ enf;Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ Ekiiawmf+idr0yf
f
JG
dfH
f
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsutrSwf (1§90) tyd'f - 12 t&vnf;aumif;/ EkiiH
f
k
df
awmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . owif;pm&Si;f vifyrsm;wGif
f
JG
&Si;f vif;ajz=um;cJaom uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDenf;usus usi;f ycJaom
h
kd
h
1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'frsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&efEihf
h S
D Hk D dk
JG
S
jynfovxqENukd av;pm;vkuemaomtm;jzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfjzpfyg
l l k
d f
f
onf?
16?
Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . (97)}urajrmuf
kfH
df
df
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGwif J G
“···Ediiawmfjidr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'/ trde@f /
kfH
f
a=unmcsursm;udk wnfatmifvyaqmifom;rnf ···” jzpfa=umif; &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csut&/
f
kf
G
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk apmvsipm aqmif&uay;rSom w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk
f
f G
G f
wdwusus taumiftxnfazmf&mod@k a&mufrnfjzpfygonf?
d
17//
,ae@txdqygv#if Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u vGwvyfI w&m;r#
dk
dfH
df
f
waom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;cJonfrm (6) ESpcef@ a&muf&vm+yD;
D Hk D kd
h
S
f
dS
jzpfygonf// Tae&mY Ediiawmfjidr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . (102) }udrajrmuf owif;
kfH
f
f
pm&Si;f vif;yGyg ajymqkcsursm;udk jyefvnfowd&apvkygonf// ‚if;rSm J
d f
d
“··· v$wawmfac:,lrnftcsef twdtus rajymEkiyga=umif;/ od@k aomf tcseqxm;
f
h d
df
d f JG
vkonfh oabmr&Syga=umif; ···”
d
d
[lI &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csujf zpfygonf// ,if;wk@d ukd jynfow&yfv;Hk ESihf a&G;aumufytEdi&
l
JG k f
ygww&yfjzpfaom trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh tav;*±kðyrSwom;xm;ygonf? od@k yg
D
dk
f
30

31. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
aoma=umifh jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk tjrefq;Hk aqmif&uay;&ef txl;vktyfae
$ f
G f
d
+yDjzpfygonf?
18?
jrefrmEkiitawG@tóut&vnf;aumif;/ EkiiwumtawGŒtóut&vnf;aumif;/ jynf
dfH
H
dfH
H
olŒv$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;udprsm;rSm ,ckuo@kd tcseumv=umjrifrrsm;r&Syg// EkiiH
f
P
Jh
d f
h _
d df
awmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . jyÏmef;cJaomOya'rsm;t&/ jynfovxu ‚if;wk@d .
f
h
l l k
qENukd azmfxwv#u/f wcJeufa&G;aumufwifajrmufay;cJaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
k f
‡
h
f
kd f
rsm;jzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd zGŒJ pnf;ay;&rnfomjzpfygonf? wygwpepfusio;Hk onfEiirsm;ESihf
f
D
hf
h dk f H
tm%m &Sipepf usio;Hk onfh Ekiirsm;wGiyif/ jynfovx.qENukd vspvsL±_I xm;avhr&Syg//
f
hf
dfH
f
l l k
f
d
,ckuo@kd jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;udpP =umjrifaejcif;onf jynfovx.qENukd
hJ
$ f
h
l l k
rsuu,ðf y&mod@k a&mufaponfomru/ Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh
f G
dfH
f
EkiiawmfEihf Ediiom;rsm;tm; ay;xm;onfuwdu0wf/ uwdopPmrsm;udk y,fzsu&mod@k a&mufap
dfH
S kfH
h
f
ygonf?
19?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' (Oya'trSwf 14§89) tm;avhvm&mwGif v$wf
f
JG
awmfoufwrf;udk owfrwxm;jcif;r&SonfuawGŒ&ygonf? v$wawmfoufwrf;udk v$wawmf
S f
d
kd
f
f
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;+yD;rSom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ud,wif owfrw&rnfjzpfygonf?
f
kd f
f
k f dk
S f
xk@d a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;rðyoa&GŒ/ Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf
f
dfH
f
a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh uwday;cJonftwdi;f / “ppfreaom 'Drua&pD” pepf jzpfay:a&;udk a&SŒ±_Eirnf
h h k
Sf
dk
dk f
r[kwyg? Ttcsut& usi;f y+yD;pD;cJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'fEitnD zGŒJ pnf;onfh jynfoŒl v$wf
f
f
h
JG
S hf
awmfuomv#if vktyfvmrnfh taxGaxGaomOya'rsm; (aemifvmrnfa&G;aumufyrsm;twGuf
d
h
JG
vktyfonfrsm;udk wm0ef,vsuf tao;pdwjf yifqifa&;qG&efuprsm; tygt0if) jyÏmef;Ekirnf
d
l
J
dP
df
jzpfygonf?
20//
txufwiazmfjycJonfh ta=umif;rsm;a=umihf yxrt}urf jynfoŒl v$wawmftpnf;
Gf
h
d
f
ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&ufowfrw&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; n‡Ei;f aqmif&ua&;
h
S f
f
kd f
f
d d_
G f
twGuf tjrefq;Hk pDpOfay;yg&ef txl;tav;teufxm;I ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
22-3-96 &ufae@u usi;f yðyvkyaom trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ
f
kd
k
tpnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsut&//
f
OuUX
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
dk
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ,m,Dpmul;puftrSwf = 393 jzifu;,lonf//
dk
h l
31

32. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
wkdif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.
jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkdcsuf
od@k
AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
d f
OuUÏ
Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&aumifpD
dfH
hf
&efueòf rdŒ?
k
&ufp/JG /
ta=umif ; t&m?
// 1998 ckEp/f ZGev (6)&uf?
S
f
? trsd K ;om;jyef v nf o if h j rwf a &;twG u f a wG Πqk H a qG ; aEG ; =uyg&ef
yef = um;jcif ; ?
u|Eyw@dk onf jynfaxmifp}k uD;.tusKd ;udO;D xdyxm;vsuf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwf
fk f
k
f
a&;twGuf pdwapwemaumif;jzifwifjyygonf// jynfaxmifp}k uD;wGif vuf&tajctaet& Ekif
f
h
dS
fd
iHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; ponft=uyftwnf;aygi;f pkEihf óuawGŒae&aom tcseumvjzpfygonf?
_
h
HS H
df
xkdt=uyftwnf;taygif;rSvGwfajrmufEkdif&efESifh trdsK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk&,lEkdif&ef
twGuf atmufygw@dk ukd apmvsipm aqmif&uoifonf[k ±d;k om;pGmjzifwifjytyfygonf?
f G
G f h
h
wyfrawmfonf Ediiawmftm%mudk xde;f odr;f +yD;aemuf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;udk zGŒJ pnf;cGihf
kfH
dfH
D
ay;jcif;/ w&m;r#w+y;D vGwvyfonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f yay;jcif;onf
f
D Hk D kd
JG
'Drua&pDta&;udk a&Sα_aom aumif;jrwfonfaqmif&ucsursm;jzpfygonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;
dk
h
G f f
aumufy&v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf razmfEiao;jcif;onf jrefrmhorki;f wGif trnf;puf
JG
dk f
d
}u;D jzpfaeygonf/ xktrnf;puf}u;D udk acszsuEi&efrm a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd tjrefq;Hk taumif
d
f dk f S
JG
txnfazmfay;&efEihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ay;&efrty tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Say?
S
f
S
d
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiwif vuf&dS Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
kfH G
dfH
_
k
ta&;wk@d udk rajz&Si;f Ekiao;bJ t=uyftwnf;aygi;f pkEihf óuHawGŒae&aom umvjzpfayonf//
df
H S
xkt=uyftwnf;rsm;rS vGwajrmufEiz@kd twGuf ajz&Si;f Edionfh enf;vrf;rsm;rSmvnf; wyfrawmf
d
f
kd f
kf
tiftm;pk (vuf&tm%mydif tzGŒJ tpnf;)/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftygt0if 'Drua&pD
dS
k
kd
kd
tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;jzpfonfh a&G;aumufy0ifwi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;/ vuf
k
JG dk
D
eufuitiftm;pkrsm;wk@d onf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf Ediia&;t& t"dyg` ,&aom
kd f
kfH
f dS
awG@qaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifomv#if ajz&Si;f Ekirnf[k tav;teuf,=Hk unfygonf?
Hk
h
df
32

33. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
Tod@k wifjy&jcif;rSm ud,usKd ;pD;yGm;twGur[kwrbJ jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESihf jynfow&yf
k f
f
f l
l
vk;H . ,ae@jzpfay:aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfukd avhvmok;H oyfvsuf xdywu&ifqiae&r_rsm;
f dk f dk f
ESihf ajz&Si;f &cufvaom Ekiia&;jyemrsm;udk rdrw@dk jynfwi;f &Sd wki;f &if;om;tcsi;f csi;f aoG;pnf;
S
dfH
d
G
d
nDnwpmjzifh ajz&Si;f aqmif&uEi&ef wifjywkuwe;f jcif;omjzpfygonf? xko@kd aqmif&u&ef
G f G
G f kd f
d f G
d
G f
twGuvnf; tcdsetcgusa&mufae+yD[k ,k=H unfygonf?
f
f
u|Eyw@kd tm;vk;H onf jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESiwuG jynfovxtay: xm;&Saom apwem
fk f
hf
l l k
d
rSejf zifh rmefrmeESihf tmCmww&m;uif;pifpm ajz&Si;f ausmjf zwf=uv#if t=uyftwnf;rSeor#ukd
G
f
ratmifjrifEip&mr&S[k tav;teuf,=Hk unfpmjzifh wkuwe;f wifjytyfygonf?
kd f
d
G
d f G
xx xxx
(a'gufwmapmjratmif)
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
ajrmufOD;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
OuU@/ &ckitrsKd ;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
df
kd
(zsufodrf;cH)
xxxxx
(cGefxGef;OD;)
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
oDaygòrdŒe,f/ rJqENNe,ftrSwf(1)
OuU@/ &Sr;wdi;&if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
f kf
dk
xx xxx
(Ekixe;ode;)
df Gf f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
oHjzLZ&yfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
OuU@/ rGetrdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
f
dk
(zsufodrf;cH)
xxxxx
(usi&i;xef)
hf S f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
wD;wdeòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
OuU@/ Zdr;trdsK;om;uGe*&uf
kD
f
(zsuor;cH)
f df
rdwLudkd =
W
= OuU@/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efueòf rdŒ//
kd
k
33

34. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf
trSwf(97§c)taemufa&G*Hkwdkifvrf;
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ ?
od@k
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
fk f
OuUÏ
Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpD
kfH
fh
pmtrSw? ? 047§pnf; (csr;f )§98 ?
f
&ufp? ? 1998 ckEp/f ZGev (23)&uf?
JG
S
f
ta=umif ; t&m?
? jynfol@v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif; ?
1?
jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@wi/f Ediiawmf+irf
$ f
JG
S
G kfH
d
0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G (,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifp)u xkwf
kfH
D
jyefcygonf? ,if;Oya'. tcef;(2)yk'r-3 Y atmufygtwdi;f wdus&i;f vif;jywfom;onfh jyÏmef;
hJ
f
k
S
csu&ygonf?
f dS
“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwiffajr‡mufvdkufaom
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zJŒG pnf;&rnf?”
f
kd f
f
2?
vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f
f
D kH D kd
JG
hS
arv(27)&ufae@wif tm%mydirsm;u usi;f yay;cJygonf? ,if;a&G;aumufywif tEdi&ud,f
G
kf
h
JG G
kf k
pm;vS,rsm;udk oufqi&m rJqENe,frsm;yg az: jyvsuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf
f
kd f
f
kd f
f
onf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;vnf;jzpfygonf?
3?
od@k ygojzifh &Si;f vif;jywfom;aom jyÏmef;csut&vnf;aumif;/ rJqENe,ftoD;oD;rS
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk rJqEN&irsm;u wifajr‡mufvu+f yD;jzpfonfa=umifvnf;aumif;/
f
kd f
f
Sf
kd
h
tm%mydirsm;wGif v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf; ay;&efwm0ef&I ,ae@rpI &uf (60) jynfajrmufrnfh
kf
f
dS
S
h
1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@ rwdirD v$wawmfukd ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;yg&ef trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
S
f
kf
f
kd
tzJŒJG csKyfu ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;pD;cJonfh (8) ESpajrmuftcrf;tem;
D kH D kd
JG
h
f
ygwnvmcH. qH;k jzwfcsuEitnD tm%mydirsm;tm; awmif;qdwuwe;f vduygonf?
D D
f S hf
kf
k kd f G k f
(yHk)
atmifa&$
OuU@
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
kd
34

35. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a':atmifqef;pk-unf . jynfolrsm;tm;yef-um;csuf
Zlviv 28 &uf / 1998 ckEpf
kd f
S
arv 27 &ufae@rm trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu a&G;aumufy&@J 8 ESpajrmuftcrf;
S
kd
JG
f
tem; nDvmcHukd usi;f ycJygw,f? 'DnvmcHusi;f y+yD;wJaemufrm usrwd@k trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
h
D
h
S
kd
tzG@J csKyf0ifawG/ txl;ojzifh jynfoawGu a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufcwhJ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
l
f
hJ
kd
uk,pm;vS,awGukd tm%mydirsm;uxde;f odr;f w,f? 'grr[kwf ajccsKye@J rdrw@kd &ŒJ ae&yfrm wjcm;
d f
f
kf
S
f d
S
ae&mudroGm;Ekiatmif xde;f odr;f w,f/ 'Dvxe;f odr;f wJh ae&mrSm wcsKd @u,pm;awGukd tifrwefrS
k
df
d
dk d
dk f
=urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;eJ@ racsriH qufqw,fqwmod&w,f? wcsKd Œukrsm; ±duw,fEuw,fqwm
H
kd
d
k f
S f
kd
awmif&ao;w,f? 'DvyJ ajymae=uwmyJ? 'guawmh usrwd@k aoaocsmcsmrajymEdiygb;l ? rdom;pk
dS
kd
kd
kf
awGe@J awGŒydicir&Sb;l qdwtcgusawmh rdrw@kd &hJ cifye;f onfawG/ rdrw@kd &hJ zcifawG b,fvaew,f
k f G hf d
k hJ
d
G
d
kd
qdwmudawmif aoaocsmcsm olw@kd o&wmr[kwygb;l ? 'gayr,fh 'Dvowif;awGxuw,fqkd
k
k
d
f
kd
G f
wmuvnf; raumif;wJowif;awGyjJ zpfygw,f?
h
usrwd@k &hJ OuUÏ}u;D jzpfwhJ OD;atmifa&$[m trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy&ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifawG/ trsKd ;
kd
f
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu jynfovxuwifajrmufxm;wJh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awGukd zrf;jcif;/
kd
f
l l k
‡
f
kd f
f
qD;jcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/ ajccsKyfcsxm;jcif;awG pwJupawGe@J ywfoufv@kd usrwd@k tzG@J csKyf&hJ odum
h d P
Q
udarS;rdeapw,f/ usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ vkyief;awGuxcuapw,fq+kd yD;awmh tzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ ud,pm;
k Sf
f
kd d kd f
k f
jynfxa&;0ef}uD; OD;wifviukd ta&;,lay;yg&ef usrwd@k w&m;±H;k udav#mufz@kd ppOfcygw,f?
J
_d f
k
D hJ
'Dvav#mufvmudk oGm;+yD;wifwtcgrm jyef+yD;awmhay;vduygw,f? av#mufvmudk r,lye@J
kd
$
hJ
S
k f
$
J
jyef+y;D awmhay;vduw,fqwm[m w&m;Oya'udcsKd ;azmuf&ma&mufygw,f? usrwd@k tm;vH;k [m
k f
kd
k
Oya'atmufrm ud,ukd epfemw,f/ ud,ukd rw&m;vkyw,f/ ud,&ŒJ tzG@J tpnf;udk odum
S k hf
k hf
f
k hf
Q
usatmifv@kd / ud,tzG@J tpnf;&JŒtvkyukd ysup;D atmifv@kd vyw,fq,if w&m;Oya'wGi;f u
k hf
f
f
k f
kd
ae+yD;awmh OD;wduav#muf+yD;awmh 'Dvta&;,lay;oifwvawGukd ta&;,lay;ygq+dk yD;awmh
k f
kd
h hJ l
awmif;qdyici&ygw,f? 'Dvawmif;qdyiciuawmifrS uef@owfaew,fqwm usrwd@k &ŒJ jynf
k kd f G hf dS
dk
k kd f G hf kd
kd
olvx/k usrwd@k &ŒJ wdi;f jynfrm b,favmuf vl@tcGita&;awG/ b,favmuf Oya'atmufrm
l
k
S
hf
S
&oif&xkuwhJ tcGita&;awG qH;k ±_;H aew,fqwm xifay:apygw,f? usrwd@k uvnf; Oya'
h d f
hf
kd
abmiftwGi;f uaequf+yD;awmh wwfEior#vyom;rSmyJ? 'Dvusrwd@k &ŒJ ud,pm;vS,awG
kd f
k f G
dk
k f
f
usrwd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ csKyf0ifawGukd rw&m;ojzifqufqwm/ rw&m;ojzifh xde;f odr;f wm/ uef@owfwm/
h
H
csKyfcs,wm/ rw&m;ojzifh Edypufwm/ n‡O;f yef;wm/ 'grsKd ;awGuawmh usrwd@k u xdijf yD;awmh
f
S f
kd
k
vufyu+f y;D =unfaerSmr[kwygb;l ? jynfovxtaeeJ@vnf; xdi+f y;D awmh vufyu=f unfraeoifh
kd
h
f
l l k
k
kd
h
bl;vdk@ usrwdk@xifygw,f? jynfolvlxkuvnf; 'Dvdkrw&m;vkyfaewmawGudk rw&m;vkyf
aeygvm;qd+k y;D awmh od+y;D awmh/ jrif+y;D awmh rdrw@kd &ŒJ em;vnfrt& rdrw@kd &ŒJ rSeuefwbufuae+y;D
d
_
d
f
hJ
awmh &yfwnfcsiwpwxm;t& 'gawGukd uef@uuoifw,fv@kd usrwd@k xifygw,f?
f hJ d f
G f h
35

36. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyf[m jynfovxk 'Drua&pD&&Sa&;twGuvyr,fq+kd yD;awmh ay;xm;wJh
l l
kd
d
f k f
uwdtwdi;f 'DvyJ quf+yD;awmhvyom;rSmyJ? usrwd@k &ŒJ tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ uk,pm;vS,rsm;uae
k
kd
k f G
d f
f
tepfemcH+y;D awmh vkyom;rSmyJ? 'Dvkd tepfemcH+y;D awmh vkyom;wJae&mrSmawmh jynfovxukd
f G
f G h
l l k
tm;uk;d w,fqwmudk usrwd@k xyfwvJvJ ajymyg&ap? 'Drua&pDqwm jynfovxk tkycsKya&;yJ?
kd
kd
kd
l l
f f
jynfovxtycsKyfa&;qdawmh jynfovxrmvnf; wm0eftrsm;}uD;&SwmyJ? wm0efe@J tcGihf
l l k k f
k
l l k S
d
ta&;qdkwm cGJjcm;vdk@r&ygbl;? 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk vdkcsifvdk@&Sd&if 'Drdkua&pDwm0efukd
od&r,fv@kd usrwd@k t+rJwrf; xyfwvJvyJ ajymygw,f? tJawmh tcktcsermqdv@kd &&if usr
J
d f S k dS
wd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ 'Drua&pD&&Sa&;twGuvy&m;aewJh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
kd
d
f _fS
kd
eJ@ jynfouwifajrmufxm;wJh ud,pm;vS,rsm;&Jh at;at;csr;f csr;f aeEdirw@kd ukd jynfovxk
l
k f
f
kf _
l l
uvnf; 0di;f 0ef;+yD;awmhumuG,ay;=uygv@kd usruae+yD;awmh arwWm&yfccsiygw,f?
k
f
H f
urBmol/ urBmom;rsm;uvnf; 'Dvrw&m;vkyaewmudk xdi+f yD;awmh=unfaeoifygb;l ?
kd
f
k
h
h
uef@uuapcsiygw,f? 'Dvrvkyoifb;l qdwmudk tm;vH;k em;vnfatmifv@kd ajymapcsiygw,f?
G f
f
kd
f h
k
f
wwfEiwbufuaejy;D awmh 'Dvrw&m;vkyaewJh udpawG csKy+f ir;f oGm;atmifv@kd vnf; ul+y;D awmh
k d f hJ
kd
f
P
fd
aqmif&uay;apcsiygw,f? wdi;f jynfwjynf&ŒJ jyemawGtm;vH;k udk wu,fawmh usrwd@k [m
G f
f
k
aqG;aEG;ndEi;f jcif;tm;jzifh ajyvnfatmifvyEiygw,f? tJ'vrvkyye@J tcsi;f csi;f Edixufp;D eif;
‡ _d
k f kd f
D kd f J
kf
vkywmuawmh vH;k vH;k raumif;ygb;l ? zrf;vm;/ qD;vm;/ Edypufvm;/ t"rRvyvm;/ 'gawG[m
kf
Sf
kf
rvkyoifrvkyxuwupyg? rw&m;vkyw,fqwm[m b,fovyvyf vufcEip&m ta=umif;
f h f kd f hJ d P
f
kd
l kf k
H kd f
r[kwygb;l ? vufcEip&mta=umif;vnf;r&Sygb;l ? wjcm;vlrsKd ;jcm;uvm+yD;awmh rw&m;vkyf
f
H kd f
d
w,fqv@kd &&ifvnf; cHrmr[kwygb;l ? ud,tcsi;f csi;f rw&m;vkywmvnf; cHEip&mta=umif;
kd dS
S
f
k hf
f
kd f
bmrSr&Sygb;l ? ud,tcsi;f csi;f rw&m;vkyawmh yk+d yD;awmhawmifrS 0rf;enf;p&maumif;ygw,f?
d
k hf
f
ud,tcsi;f csi;f yJ ajyvnfatmif bmjzpfv@kd raeEdi&rSmvJ? bmjzpfv@kd nEi;f aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh
k hf
kf
‡d _d
tajzr&SmEdi&rSmvJqwm usrwd@k awmh b,fvrS pOf;pm;vk@d r&ygb;l ? wu,fyJ wdi;f jynfay:rSm
kf
dk
kd
k
apwem&Sw,f/ wu,fyJ ud,vrsKd ;tay:rSm arwWmu±k%m&Sw,fqv@kd &&if b,fvy}J uD;wJh
d
k hf l
d
kd dS
kd
jyemrsKd ;udrqdk aqG;aEG;!dEi;f jcif;tm;jzifh ajyvnfatmifvyz@kd [m wm0ef&ygw,f? tJ'vkd
k
S _d
k f
dS
D
r[kwye@J wzufowf Edixufp;D eif;/ ud,rm tiftm;&Sv@kd vkycsiwm vkyr,fqwmuawmh
f J
kf
k hf S
d
f f
f
kd
rjzpfoifrjzpfxuwupyg?
h
kd f hJ d P
'ga=umifr@kd v@kd usrwd@k trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ uk,pm;vS,rsm; 'Dvkd
h
kd
d f
f
rw&m;vkycae&wmudk usrwd@k jynfojl ynfom;rsm;eJ@ urBmol urBmom;rsm;u 0di;f 0ef;+yD;awmh
fH
k
u±k%m arwWmtjynfe@J umuG,ay;=uzd@k ukd usrarwWm&yfccsiygw,f?
h
f
H f
a':atmifqef;pk-unf
36

37. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
typftcwf&yfpJxm;aomtzGJŒrsm;.
jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkdcsuf
od@k
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
k f
OuUÏ
Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpD
kd f H
hf
&efueòf rdŒ ?
k
&ufp/JG /
ta=umif;t&m//
// 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (14)&uf//
S
f
// trsKd ;om;jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nDnwa&;twGuf t}uHðywifjyjcif;//
G f
av;pm;tyfaom AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;cifAsm; k f
1?
at;csr;f om,m+yD; acwfrzŒHG òzd;wd;k wufonfh Ekiiawmfopfw&yf wnfaqmuf&mwGif
D
dfH
tkwwcsyowyGir#yifjzpfapumrl pdw&if;apwemrSejf zifh yg0ifaqmif&uom;&ef rdrw@dk wki;f &if;
f
f J hf
f
G f G
df
d
om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfaom u,ef;jynfopfygw/D u&ifejD ynfvrsKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfoŒl v$wajrmufa&;
l
f
wyfO;D ESihf &Sr;f jynfvrsKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfoŒl vGwajrmufa&;tzGŒJ wk@d rS odEÏmef csrwxm;+y;D jzpfygonf?
l
f
dM
S f
(4-1-98) &ufae@pyg tdwziay;pmwGivnf; azmfjycJ+h yD;jzpfygonf?
JG
f G hf
f
2?
,if;oHEÏmefEitnD rdrw@dk wki;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;taejzifh jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESihf
dM
S hf
d
d
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH jynfow&yfv;Hk &ifqióf uawGŒae&aom vwfwavm t=uyftwnf;
d
l
dk H
tajctaersm;rS uif;+idr;f a&;tvk@d im rdrw@dk tjrifoabmxm;rsm;udk ±d;k om;yGivif;pGm wifjy
S d
hf
oGm;rnfjzpfygonf//
3?
rsuarSmuftcsetcgonf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmftwGi;f rSwif;aexki=f uaom
f
df
kfH
D
d
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH jynfow&yfv;Hk taejzifh Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ tp&Sonfh buf
d
l
kfH
_
d
toD;oD;wGif róuHpzl; cg;oD;pGm awGŒóuH&ifqiae&aom t=uyftwnf; tajctaejzpfygonf?
dk f
Ttajctaet&yf&yftm; rSeuefpm=unfjh rif+y;D v#ijf refpmrajz&Si;f Ekiygu wki;f jynf. uH=urRm
f G
G
df
d
um; qk;d &Gm;aomtvm;tvmod@k qkua&mufom;apEdiygonf?
d f
G
kf
37

38. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
xku=H urRmqd;k od@k rqkua&mufap&efEihf wwdi;f jynfv;Hk jidr;f csr;f a&;od@k OD;wnfaprnfh
d
d f
S
k
trsKd ;om;jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udk jyefvnfaqmif&uEiapa&;wd@k twGuf rdrw@dk o;Hk zG@J .
G f
G f dk f
d
tðyoabmaqmifonfh pOf;pm;xm;csursm;udk yuwd jzLpifpm t}uHðywifjytyfygonf//
f
G
4//
Ekiiawmftpk;d &taejzifh uruxðyI 1990 ckEp/f arvwGif vGwvyf+yD;/ w&m;r#w
dfH
S
f
aom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;tm; usi;f yay;cJjh cif;onf urBmtv,fwif
D Hk D kd
h
G
*k%oum&Sonfh orki;f rSwwrf;w&yftjzpf rdrw@dk taejzifh tav;teuf rSwwrf;wiftyfyg
f d Q d
d
f
d
f
onf?
od@k aomf a&G;aumufy&v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&uay;&ef vktyf
JG
G f
d
aeao;+y;D vuf&dS tcsetcgonf toifavsmq;Hk tcsetcgo@dk a&muf&ae+yjD zpfa=umif; ±d;k om;pGm
df
h
f
df
dS
,k=H unfrygonf?
d
5//
EdkifiHawmftpkd;&rS Oya'ESifhtnDzGJŒpnf;xm;aom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyaumfr&Si. Oya'yk'r (tcef;-2 / yk'r-3) t& TvGwawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS Oya'ESihf
JG
f
f
f
f
tnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;&rnf[k wduspm
f
kd f
f
h
G
jyÏmef;xm;ygonf//
xk@d a=umifh ‚if;Oya'jyÏmef;csuEitnD v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trsm;pk a&G;cs,wif
f S hf
f
kd f
f
f
ajr‡mufxm;jcif;cHc&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh vuf&tajctaetcsetcgwif
hJ
dk
dS
df
G
wifjyawmif;qkxm;aom jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lay;a&;awmif;qkcsuonf Oya' a=umif;t&
d
$ f
d f
w&m;r#wonf[k ±d;k om;pGm,k=H unfrygonf?
d
6?
‚if;tjyif xkjd ynfo@l vwawmfryif wki;f jynf.zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ
$ f
S
d
f Hk
oGm;&efwm0ef&onf[vnf; jyÏmef;xm;+y;D jzpfonf// xk@d a=umifyifv#if aumfr&Si.jyÏmef;csuEihf
dS
k
h
f
fS
tnD Oya'a=umif;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/ vuf&Eiia&;tajctaersm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/
dS dk f H
jynfow&yfv;Hk . qENoabmxm;rsm;t&aomfvnf;aumif; buftoD;oD;rS ±_jrifo;Hk oyfrrsm;
l
_
t& Ekiiawmftpd;k &rS uruxðyumaqmif&uaeonfh tajccHOya'a&;qGa&;udk taumift
dfH
G f
J
xnfazmfaeaom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHonf vuf&tajctaewGif usKd ;a=umif;qDavsmjf cif;r&Sawmh
dS
d
[k yGivif;pGmok;H oyfrygonf?
hf
d
7?
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;cifAsm;? vuf&tajctaeonf rdrw@dk jrefrmEkiiukd at;csr;f om,m+yD;
k f
dS
d
dfH
acwfrzŒHG òzd;wk;d wufonfh pnf;vk;H nD!w+f yD; wjynfv;Hk qki&m+idr;f csr;f onf/h wki;f &if;om;vlrsd K;
D
G
df
d
aygi;f pkjH ynfow&yfv;Hk wef;wl&nfwpaygi;f yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpEiiawmfopf}uD;w&yf wnf
l
lk
k kd f H
aqmuf&eftwGuf tcGitcgaumif;ok@d a&muf&ae+yjD zpfygonf// TtcGitcgaumif;udqyui+f y;D
hf
dS
hf
k k f kd
Ekiiawmftpk;d &taejzifh tvSntajymif;wckukd jynfow&yfv;Hk ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&uromv#if
dfH
hf
l
G fS
38

39. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vuf&&ifqiae&aom bufaygi;f pktaxGaxGt=uyftwnf;}u;D rS wki;f jynftm; qGxwu,fwif
dS dk f
H
d
J k f
Ekirnf[,qygonf?
df
k l
8//
xk@d a=umifh jyemaygi;f pk/H yÉdyuQaygi;f pktm;ajz&Si;f Ekirnhf t"duusonfh Ekiia&;
H
df
dfH
aomhcsujf zpfaom wyfrawmftif;tm;pk (vuf&tm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;)/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
dS
kf
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf tygt0if 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wki;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;yg0ifaom awGŒqkaqG;
kd
d
H
aEG;jcif;onfomv#if vuf&tajctaeESihf avsmuefoifjh rwfaumif;rGeva=umif; tEl;t!Gwf
dS
f
f S
t}uHðywifjytyfygonf?
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;ESiwuG Ekiiawmft}uD;tuJrsm; ud,pwEpyg; use;f rm&$ivef;=uygap
k f
hf
dfH
k fd fSf
f
a=umif; qkawmif;arwWmyd@k otyfygonf?
av;pm;pGmjzifh =
xxxx
OD;wmuv,f
OuU@
&Sr;jynfvrsKd ;aygif;pkH
f
l
jynfolŒvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJŒ
xxxx
ide;u,ef;xef
f
OuU@
u,ef;jynfopfygwD
xxxx
OD;pENm
OuU@
u&ifejD ynfvrsd K;aygif;pHk
l
jynfolŒvGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;
vufiif;EdkifiHa&;tajctaetay:
rGefjynfopfygwD. tjrif
1?
avmavmq,fwif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (NLD) onf Ediia&;t& tjyif;t
G
kd
kfH
xef v_y&m;aeygonf? 'Drua&pDtcGita&;udk wEdiiv;kH u }uD;pGmvdvm;awmifwvdcsi=f u
f S
kd
hf
kfH
k
h k
onf? vlrsKd ;a&;qdi&m&ydiciEiywfoufIvnf; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdi;f u }u;D pGmvdvm;awmihf
kf
k f G hf S hf
k
k
k
wcHpm;vd=k uonf? Tta&;udpP vdvm;csursm;um; ,ae@u|Eyw@kd wi;f jynf. t"du Ediia&;
k
f
kf f kd
kfH
jyem}u;D rsm;jzpfygonf? Tta&;udprsm; ajyvnfatmifrajz&Si;f Edi/f ae&mrcsEior# umv
P
k
kd f
ywfv;kH wdi;f jynftwGi;f qlyr/_ r+irroufjzpfrrsm; tcsetcgra&G; ay:ayguwwfonfrm "rRwm
k
l
df
_
df
f
S
obm0yifjzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. Ediia&;v_y&m;r_ jyif;xef
kd
kfH
fS
39

40. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vmr_onf Ediia&;jyema=umifomjzpfonf? ,ae@ Ediia&;jyem. tusKd ;qufw&yfom
kfH
h
kfH
jzpfonf?
2?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 ckEpf a&G;aumufywif trwfO;D a&trsm;qH;k &
kd
S
JG G
onfh atmifycEiia&;ygwwygwjD zpfonf? tjcm;Ediia&;ygwtcsKd Œvnf; trwfO;D a&toifh
JG H kd f H
D
kfH
D
twif&&S+d y;D atmify&&Sconf? a&G;aumufyrmvnf; tpd;k &u w&m;0ifusi;f yay;onfh taxGaxG
h
JG d hJ
JG S
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;jzpf+yD; EdiiwumrSvnf; w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufytjzpf todtrSwðf y
kfH
JG
xm;ygonf?
vufeufuiwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tzGŒJ tpnf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; wdi;f jynf+idr;f csr;f
kd f kd
k
a&;/ wd;k wufzŒHG òzd;a&;/ om,ma&;twGuf &nf&,+f yD; typftcwf&yfpa&;udk vufctaumif
G
J
H
txnfazmfc=hJ uygonf? od@k aomf Ediia&;jyemESiywfoufI ,ae@xd xduxuwefwef/ odum
kfH
hf
k f kd f
Q
&S&/dS enf;pepfusus ajz&Si;f ay;r_rsm; r&Sao;acs? Tjyemrsm;vnf; ajz&Si;f xduaom udp&yf}u;D
d
d
k f
P
rsm;jzpfygonf? txufaz: jyyg Ediia&;jyem}u;D ajz&Si;f jcif; r+y;D jywfor# umvywfv;kH yÉdyuQ
kfH
trsKd ;rsKd ;/ jyem}uD;trsKd ;rsKd ;vnf; tcsetcgra&G; jzpfym;ay:ayguvmEdiygonf?
d f
G
f
kf
3?
Ediia&;jyemudk Ediia&;enf;t&ajz&Si;f jcif;onf taumif;qH;k aomenf;vrf;jzpfyg
kfH
kfH
onf? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@ wpfq@kd aeaom'Drua&pDa&;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;/ jyemrsm;udk
kd
k
+ir;f csr;f pGm aqG;aEG; n‡Ei;f tajz&Smjcif;onf taumif;qH;k jzpfygonf? od@k jzpfygI awGŒqHaqG;aEG;I
d
d _d
k
Ediia&;jyemudajz&Si;f a&;onf tajctaeuvnf;awmif;qd/k jiif;y,fIvnf;r&onftjyif/
kfH
k
h
wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;jzpfaeonfrm trSeyifjzpfygonf? tpd;k &taeESivnf; u|Eyw@kd wi;f jynf
S
f
hf
fk f kd
wGif pnf;urf;&Saom'Drua&pDjzpfxe;f a&;twGuf qEN&onfEitnD Tod@k aom Ediia&;aqG;
d
kd
G
dS
S hf
kfH
aEG;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;twGuf pDpOfaqmif&uay;yg&ef apwemoef@pifpmjzifh rGejf ynfopfygwrS t
G f
G
D
av;teuf wduwe;f tyfygonf?
k f G
A[dtvkytr+aqmiftzGŒJ
k
f
rGefjynfopfygwD
ae@pGJ? ? =o*kwfv (18) &uf/ 1998
40

41. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c) taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ
jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lzGJŒpnf;a&;ESifhywfoufI
jynfolvlxkodk‹ yef-um;csuf
1?
jynfaxmifpzm; EkiioEiiom;taygi;f wk@d use;f rmI csr;f omygapa=umif; yxrOD;pGm
k G d f H l kd f H
qkawmif;arwWmyd@k tyfygonf? usuoa&r*Fvmtaygi;f ESijhf ynfp=Hk uygap[k E_wce;f qufovkuf
f
fG
d
ygonf?
2?
EkdifiHawmftm%mt&yf&yfukdodfrf;,lcJhaom tm%mydkifwkd@u/ a=unmcsuftrSwf1§88 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh wm0ef}uD;av;&yfteuf “ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
D Hk D kd
usi;f yay;a&;” udk aemufq;Hk wm0eftjzpf jynfovxo@kd uwdu0wfðycJ=h uygonf?
l l k
3?
tm%mydiw@dk onf zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'w&yfr&Sygbvsuf jynfoŒl v$wawmf
kf
f Hk
d J
f
a&G;aumufyOya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmf a&G;aumufyenf;Oya'rsm;udxwjf yefI jyÏmef;cJygonf?
JG
f
JG
k k
h
TjynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'rsm;onf w&m;0ifwnf+rvsu&aeygonf/ TOya'tm;
f
J f dS
rnfonfh trde@f / a=unmcsu/f !¸e=f um;csuw@dk ur# v$r;f rd;k jcif;r&Syg//
f
d
4?
TjynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'wGif atmufygw@dk ukd &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;
f
JG
xm;ygonf?
yk'r-2 (u) wGif “v$wawmfqonfrm jynfo@l vwawmfuqonf//”
f
f
dk
S
$ f
kd dk
yk'r-2 (C) wGif “a&G;aumufyqonfrm ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
f
JG dk
S
D Hk D kd
udqonf//”
k dk
TjyÏmef;csut& jynfovx. ppfreaomjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk
f
l l k
S f
$ f
kd f
f
jynfovxu rdrw@dk 'rua&pDyicit& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;=u&efjzpfonf[k t"dyg` ,f
l l k
d D kd
d kd f G hf
xif&m;aeygonf?
S
yk'r - 2 (p) wGif “ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,qonfrm vGwawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwif
f
f
kd f
f kd
S
f
ajr‡mufjcif;cH&oluqonf//”
kd dk
yk'r - 3 wGif “v$wawmfurqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
f
f
kd J
hf
vkuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf//”
fd f
f
dk f
f
TjyÏmef;csut& a&G;aumufy+JG yD;pD;onftcg jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh
f
h
$ f
kd f
f
v$wawmfukd rvGraoGrysuruGuf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;rnf[aomt"dyg` ,rm wdusjywfom;pGm
f
J
f
l
f S
ay:vGiaeygonf?
f
41

42. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
5?
txufygjyÏmef;csufrsm;rSm Oya'uay;xm;onfrsm;jzpf+yD; ,if;wkd@rSm Oya'ukd
xkwjf yefay;onfh tm%mydiw@dk u jynfovxo@kd uwdu0wfay;vkujf cif;jzpfygonf? Oya'yg
kf
l l k
d
jyÏmef;csursm;ESihf ay;xm;onfuwdu0wfrsm;tm; tm%mydiw@dk wif rysuruGuvuem
f
h
kf
G
f
f dk f
aqmif&Gufay;&rnfhwm0ef&Sdygonf// ,if;wkd@udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&irsm;ESihf jynfojl ynfom;
f
kd f
f
Sf
taygi;f wk@d uvnf;aumif; ,k=H unfvufcc=hJ uygonf?
H
6?
od@k a=umifom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf tjcm;Ediia&;ygwaygi;f (92) ygwrjS ynf
h
dk
S
kfH
D
D
ol@vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif; (2209) OD;ESifh woD;yk*vud,pm;vS,avmif; (87) OD;wk@d onf
$ f
kd f
f
~ fk f
f
1990 jynfEp/f arvwGiusi;f yay;cJaom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf
hS
f
h
D Hk D dk
JG G
,SOòf yita&G;cHc=hJ uygonf/ jynfovxuvnf; “tcsKytjcmtm%monf jynfovxxrS qif;
df
l l k
f
l l k H
oufonf” [laom 'Drua&pDrt& jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrmuf
dk
l
f
dk f
f
‡
I ‚if;wk@d u,pm; wki;f jynfwm0efrsm;udaqmif&u=f u&ef vkyyicirsm;tyfEi;f cJ=h uygonf?
kd f
d
k
G
f kd f G hf
S
7?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+y;D pD;cJonfrm (8) ESpausm+f yD jzpfygonf?
D Hk D kd
h
S
f
od@k aomf tm%mydiw@dk onf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k . ay;xm;aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk
kf
f
vk;H 0OkH vkuemaqmif&uay;jcif;r&SbJ ysuuuaeygonf/ xko@kd ysuuujf cif;onf aemifvm
d f
G f
d
f G f
d
f G
aemufom;rsm;twGuf wdi;f jynfwif raumif;qk;H aomtarGq;dk use&pfcrnfjzpfovkd jrefrmhEiiH
k
G
f hJ
dk f
a&;orki;f wGivnf; rnfo@kd rS azsmufzsuIr&Edionfh trnf;uGu}f u;D xifuse&pfygrnf// jynfol
d
f
f
kf
f
vlx.qENuvpfvsL±_+yD; jynfovxukd rxDrjhJ rifðy&mvnf;a&mufygonf// vk;H 0 rjzpfoifrjzpf
k
kd
l l k
h
xkuonfupjP zpfygonf? Ediiawmf at;csr;f wnf+idr}f uD;yGm;wk;d wuf&eftwGuf jynfovx.
d f h d
kfH
l l k
qENukd wefb;kd xm;av;pm;&ygrnf?
8?
xk@d tjyif urBmuvor*~tzJŒG 0ifEiitm;vk;H u 1990 jynfEpwiusi;f yay;cJonfh
h k
dk f H
h S f Gf
h
a&G;aumufy&v'ft& 'Drua&pDay:aygua&;twGuf tqifqifvy&yfrsm;udk taumiftxnf
JG
kd
f
h h kf
azmfjcif;r&Sao;a=umif;[k ukvor*~ taxGaxGnvmcHrsm;wGif wnDw!Gwwnf; t}ur}f urf
d
D
f
d d
qk;H jzwfc=hJ uygonf? jrefrmEdiionf urBmuvor*~tzG@J 0if EkiiwEkiijH zpfaoma=umifvnf;
kfH
h k
dfH df
h
aumif;/ ukvor*~. yËdnmOfpmwrf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif; tm%mydiw@dk wif vkuemaqmif
kf
G d f
&Gu&efwm0ef&=dS uygonf?
f
9?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh rnfowOD;wa,muf/ woif;wzG@J wirS
f
l
Gf
xdcuepfemjcif;r&Syg? wki;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;&Srnfomjzpfygonf? jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lzŒJG
dk f
d
d
d
$ f
pnf;ay;aomtzGŒJ tpnf;twGuf *k%oum&Sovdk EdiitwGuvnf;usuoa&&S+d yD; urBmt
f d Q d
kfH
f
f
h
v,fwiwifw,faeygrnf?
Gf h
10?
xk@d a=umifh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydic=hJ u+yD; rJqEN&if
D Hk D kd
JG G
S f
S
jynfovx. wcJeufaomaxmufcrj_ zifh wki;f jynftwGuf vkyyicirsm;ud&&Sxm;onfh trsKd ;
l l k
H
d
f kd f G hf
k d
42

43. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh trsdK;om;a&;wm0ef&Sdonfhtm;avsmfpGm tzGJŒcsKyf.nDvmcH
qk;H jzwfcsut& A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzG@J u tm%mydiw@dk xo@kd ‚if;wk@d .wm0efjzpfaom/ uwd
f
k kf
kf H
jzpfaom/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;ay;&ef/ w&m;0ifta=umif;=um;pm ay;yd@k c+hJ y;D jzpfygonf?
f
tzG@J csKyfonf trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&;rlt& a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;pD;cJonfrm (8) ESpausmonf
JG
h
S
f
f
txd t}ur}f urf w&m;0ifta=umif;=um;jcif;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;vktyfcsut& wki;f jynftusKd ;udk
d d
d
f
d
a&SŒ±_I at;csr;f wnf+irapvkaom pdwaumif;apwemrSejf zifh ay;yd@k cjhJ cif;jzpfygonf? jynfoŒl v$wf
df d
f
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef tzG@J csKyfuawmif;qkaejcif;rSm jynfovxk ae@pOfEitr#cpm;ae=u&
d
l l
S hf
H
aom taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;udk vufeufenf;jzifr[kwbJ Ekiia&;enf;vrf;tm;jzifh at;
h
f dfH
aq;wnfjidrpm ajz&Si;f vkaompdwqENa=umifjh zpfygonf?
f G
d
f
11?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydic=hJ uaom Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ
D Hk D kd
JG G
S f
kfH
D
tpnf;rsm;/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ rJqEN&if
f
dk f
f
S
rsm;ESihf jynfaxmifpom;tm;vk;H wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESitnD jynfol
k
f
hf
v$wawmf tjrefq;Hk ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef qENjyif;jypGm vkvm;awmifwae=u+yDjzpfygonf? jynf
f
d
h
olŒv$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;jzifh jynfovx.ud,pm;vS,rsm;u wdi;f jynftwGuf pDrcef@cJG
f
f
l l k k f
f
k
H
aqmif&ujf cif;onf 'Drua&pDrukd pwiftaumiftxnfaz:vkujf cif;jzpfygonf?
G
kd
l
d
12?
jynfoŒl v$wawmf. t"duwm0efrm wki;f jynfEijhf ynfovxtwGutusKd ;&Saprnfh
f
S d
S
l l k
f
d
Oya'rsm;udk jyÏmef;&ygrnf? ,if;Oya'rsm;t&om wkdif;jynf.Oya'ðya&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/
w&m;pD&ifa&;wk@d udk jynfow@dk u,pm; pDrcef@caqmif&uEiygrnf//
l
kd f
H JG
G f dk f
13?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyqonfrm trsm;jynfovx.oabmqENukd
D Hk D kd
JG dk
S
l l k
xkwaz:ay;vkujf cif;jzpfygonf// od‹k xwaz:ay;onfrsm;t& oufqi&mtm%mydiw@dk u ‚if;wd@k
f
d
k f
dk f
kf
xkwjf yefconfh Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;t& taumiftxnfaz:ay;&ef vk;H 0wm0ef&ygonf? wki;f
hJ
f
dS
d
jynfwif jynfovxqENuvspvsL±_Iaqmif&uygv#if rnfo@kd r#atmifjrifrnfr[kwonfrm
G
l l k
kd f
G f
f
S
aocsmygonf?
14?
jynfo@l vwawmfay:ayguvmEdia&;twGuf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl
$ f
f
kf
kd
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0if a&G;aumufywif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom
f
kd f
f
JG G
tjcm;jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vk;H wGivnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
f
kd f
f
f
f
kd f
f
tjzpf jynfow@dk utyfEi;f xm;aom w&m;0ifwm0ef&ae=uygonf? rJqEN&if jynfovxu
l
S
dS
S
l l k
w&m;0ifay;tyfvuaom tcGitm%mudk vufcusio;Hk &ef wm0efu,p&=dS uygonf? xkenf;wl
dk f
hf
H hf
kd f D
d
rJqEN&if jynfovxuvnf; rdrw@dk vGwvyfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaom
S
l l k
d
f
dk f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ESitnD ,ae@wif
f
kd f
f
f
JG
hf
dk
w&m;0ifvsuwnf&aea=umif; rdrw@dk vtifqENrsm;udk rdrw@dk u,pm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
dS
d kd
d kd f
f
kd f
vS,rsm;uom aqmif&uEirnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf ,if;ok@d aqmif&uEi&ef jynfovxuvnf;
f
G f dk f
G f kd f
l l k
tzufzufrS qufvufI 0di;f 0ef;tm;ay;axmufc=H u&efvtyfa=umif;wk@d ukd txl; owdðy=uap
k
dk
43

44. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vkygonf/ jynfo@l vwawmf ay:aygua&;onf EkiioEiiom;tm;vk;H ESihf oufqiaomudpjP zpfyg
d
$ f
f
d f H l kd f H
dk f
onf?
15?
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDudkusifhokH;onfh ,Ofaus;aomvltzGJŒtpnf;wkdif;ESifh EdkifiHwkdif;wGif
jynfo@l vwawmfukd tjrifq;Hk aomr¾dKif}u;D w&yftjzpf jynfovxw&yfv;Hk u tav;tjrwf
$ f
h
l l k
ðy=ujcif;tm;jzifh EkdifiH.*k%fusufoa&udk jr‡ifhwifay;=up+rJjzpfygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf;
'Drua&pDruusio;Hk aom jynfoŒl v$wawmf}uD; rm;rm;rwfrwftjrefq;Hk wnf&aerSmomv#if
kd
l kd hf
f
dS
usuoa& r*Fvmtaygi;f ESihf jynfp+Hk y;D urBmtv,fwif cef@nm;xnf0gpm wifw,fxe;f yaernf
f
h
h
G
G
h
G
[k trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu tav;teufc,ygonf//
kd
H l
16?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;onf 'Drua&pDay:ayguvmjcif;rnfayonf// od@k ygojzifh
f
f
kd
f
'Drua&pDukd tmomirf;irf; vkvm;ar#mvifawmifwae=uonfh vlrsKd ;toD;oD;/ vlwef;pm;
kd
d
f h
h
toD;oD;/ tvkytuditrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðyaeoltoD;oD;/ vlrsKd ;bmomra&G;/
f kf
usm;§r ra&G;wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvma&;twGuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfEihf
f
f
kd
S
tjcm;Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ woD;yk*v jynfoŒl v$wf
dfH
D
f
dk f
f
~
awmfu,pm;vS,w@dk tm; ZG&&/dS owW&&/dS arwWmapwemtjynft0jzifh tifwutm;wkuf 0di;f 0ef;
kd f
f
J dS
d dS
h
dk f
d k
ulnyy;kd =uyg&ef av;eufpmyef=um;vkuygonf?
D hH
G
d f
OD;atmifa&$
OD;wifO;D
OD;F =unfarmif
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
OD;vGif
OD;oef;xGe;f
OD;vSaz
OD;pk;d jrifh
OD;!¸e@f a0
OD;vGe;f wif
rSwcsu/f /
f
// (1) a':atmifqef;pk=unfEihf OD;vSazwk@d onf ykorðf rd@o@kd at;csr;f pGm c&D;oGm;
S
d
&mwGif vrf;ckvwfY wm;qD;jcif;cHae&ygonf?
(2) OD;=unfarmifonf cGi,xm;ygonf?
hf l
(3) OD;vGe;f wifonf EdiijH cm;c&D;xGuaeygonf?
kf
f
&efueòf rdŒ
k
1360 jynfEp/f 0gacgivjynfausmf (11) &uf?
h S
f
h
1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (18) &uf?
S
f
44

45. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c) taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;ðrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ ?
a-unmcsuftrSwf = 35 (8§98)
1?
Ekiiawmftm%mudk 1998 ckEpwif odr;f ,lcaom tm%mydiw@dk onf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccH
dfH
Sf G
hJ
kf
H
Oya'w&yfr&dygyvsuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ESihf enf;Oya'wk@d ukd jyÏmef;cJygonf?
S J
f
JG
h
xk@d aemuf tm%mydiw@dk onf ,if;Oya'rsm;ESitnD ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd
kf
hf
D Hk D kd
JG
zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'r&Sygyvsuf usi;f yay;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf?
H
d J
2?
jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r - 2 wGif $ f
f
“v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfuqonf” [k jyÏmef;xm;ygonf? ,if;jyÏmef;
f
dk
S
f
kd dk
csut& ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfvwawmfonf wki;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfr[kwy/J jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
h $ f
d
f
f
f
omjzpf&ygrnf?
3?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'r - 3 wGif f
f
“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnDa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf” [lI twdtus&i;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm;
f
kd f
f
S
ygonf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEitnD v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk tm%mydiw@dk u aqmif&uay;
f S fh
f
kf
G f
rnf[k twdtvif;a=unmcJygonf?
h
4//
xk@d tjyif owif;axmufrsm;u yxrt}urf jynfoŒl v$wawmftpnf;ta0;ac:,lrnfh
d
f
&ufowfrwxm;r_ &S§r&SEiywfoufI ar;jref;csuukd tm%mydiw@dk uajz=um;&mwGif a&G;
S f
d d S hf
f
kf
aumufy+JG yD;v#if ta&G;cH&onfvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; ndEi;f aqmif&u&rnfjzpfa=umif;
h $ f
kd f
f
‡ d_
G f
udvnf; wki;f jynfo@kd ajym=um;cJygonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;twGuf zGŒJ pnf;yktajc
k
d
h
f
H
cHOya'w&yf&&rnf[k ajymqkcjhJ cif;r&Syg?
dS
d
d
5?
wzef “v$wawmfac:,lrnfh tcsetwdtus rajymEkiyga=umif;/ od@k aomf tcdseqxm;
f
df
df
f JG
vkonfoabmxm;r&Syga=umif;” udvnf; &Si;f vif;pGmxyfrajym=um;cJygonf?
d h
d
k
H
h
6?
xk@d a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 25-3-96 &ufae@wif tm%mydiw@dk xo@kd
kd
G
kf H
“yxrt}urf jynfoŒl v$wawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&ufowfrw&ef/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
f
h
S f
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;ndEi;f aqmif&ua&;twGuf pDpOfay;&efup” udk wm0efopmjzifh ta=umif;=um;
k f
f
‡ d_
G f
dP
dG
45

46. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
cJonf? od@k aomf tm%mydiw@dk u wpkw&mta=umif;jyef=um;cJjh cif;r&Syg?
h
kf
H
d
7?
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfonf 23-6-98 &ufae@wGif Oya't&vnf;aumif;/
tm%mydiw@dk . uwdu0wft&vnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef Oya't&
kf
f
wm0ef&aom tm%mydirsm;xHo@kd “1998 ckEpf =o*kwv 21 &ufrwkirD v$wawmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;
dS
kf
S
f
df
f
ay;&ef” wkuwe;f awmif;qkcygonf?
d f G
d hJ
8?
tm%mydiw@dk uxkwjf yefcaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESifh enf;Oya'
kf
hJ
f
rsm;wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;twGuf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'w&yfukd óuwiftwnfðy
f
H
d
xm;&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;jcif;vk;H 0r&Syg?
d
9?
jynfoŒl v$wawmf.t"duwm0efrm wki;f jynf.Oya'ðya&;/ tkycsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;
f
S d
f
wk@d ukd jynfow@dk u,pm; pDrcef@caqmif&uEionfh Ekiiawmf. tjrifq;Hk aomtzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfyg
l kd f
H JG
G f dk f
dfH
h
onf? xk@d jyif Ekiiawmf. ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;ua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaom
dfH
l
dk f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf tem*wf 'Drua&pDEiiawmf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'udk
f
kd f
f
kd
dk f H
H
a&;qG=J u&ef Oya't& wm0ef&o!fy*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf?
dS h k
10?
jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJŒpnf;ay;&efysufuGufjcif;onf jynfolvlxk.qENudk rsuf
uG,ðf y&mod@k a&mufonfomru/ tm%mydiw@dk taejzifh EkiiawmfEihf Ekiiom;rsm;tm; ay;xm;
kf
dfH
S dfH
aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk y,fzsuvujf cif;jzpfonf?
f dk
11?
od@k ygI trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ wki;f &if;om;
kd
f
f
kd f
f
d
vlrsd K;rsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tjcm;Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
kd f
f
dfH
D
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf woD;yk*v jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vk;H wGif jynfoŒl v$wf
k f
f
~
f
kd f
f
awmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf pyfvsO;f I rJqEN&irsm;ESifh jynfovx.qENt& wm0efusa&mufvm+yDjzpfyg
Sf
l l k
onf?
12?
xk@d a=umifh trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
dk
d
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfukd r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif;
f
f
a=unmvkuygonf?
d f
A[ktvkytr+aqmiftzGŒJ
d
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
kd
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f 0gacgifvuG,ae‹?
hS
f
1998 ckEp/f -o*kwv (21) &uf?
S
f
46

47. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
jrefrmhwyfrawmfom;rsm;odk‹ yef-um;csuf
-o*kwv 28 &uf/ 1998 ckEpf
f
S
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyu tm%mydiawGukd (21) &ufae@ =o*kwvrwkirD v$wawmf
dk
f
kf
f
df
f
ac:ay;zk@d awmif;qkcygw,f? 'Dawmif;qkcsuawGukd tm%mydiawGuae+yD;awmh vpfvsL±_cyg
d hJ
d f
kf
hJ
w,f? 'ga=umifr@dk v@dk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu wm0eft&v$wawmfac:,lay;zd@k ukd p+y;D awmh
h
kd
f
pDpOfaewmjzpfygw,f? 'D v$wawmfac:,la&;udpqwm jynfovxtm;vk;H eJ@qiwupyg?
f
P dk
l l k
dk f hJ d P
jynfovxxrm wyfrawmfom;rsm;vnf; yg0ifygw,f? jynfovxe@J wyfrawmfqwm
l l k JS
l l k
dk
cGjJ cm;vk@d &wJupr[kwygb;l ? usrwd@k trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd wyfrawmfòyduatmifvyf
h dP
f
dk
JG
k
w,f/ wyfrawmfe@J jynfo=l um;rSm pdw0rf;uGatmifvyw,fv@dk pGypcsuawG&cygw,f? 'D[m
f
J
k f
f JG f
dS hJ
awG[mvk;H 0r[kwygb;l ? usrwk@d [m wyfrawmfe@J jynfol vk;H vk;H ruGapcsiygb;l ? 'ga=umifr@kd v@dk
f
J
f
h
jynfovxxrm wyfrawmfom;awGvnf;yg0ifaew,fv@dk usrwk@d ajymwmyg? 'ga=umifh jynfol
l l k JS
vlxua&G;cs,wifajrmufxm;wJh v$wawmfay:aygua&;[m wjcm;jynfojl ynfom;rsm;eJ@twl
k
f
‡
f
f
wyfrawmfom;rsm;&JΠwm0efvnf;yJjzpfw,fv@dk qwm usrwk@d ajymcsiygw,f?
dk
f
usrwk@d trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf[m wyfrawmfuyy;kd xm;ygw,f? usrud,wif
kd
kd hH
k f dk
uvnf; azazxlaxmifcwwyfrawmfukd trsm;}uD;wefz;dk vnf;xm;ygw,f/ arwWmvnf;xm;
hJ hJ
ygw,f? 'Dupukd r[kwrrSewpum;awGe@J usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyfe@J wyfrawmf=um;rSm pdw0rf;uGatmif
dP
f f hJ
f
J
vkyaewJtpdwtydi;f awG&w,fqwmvnf; usrwk@d oygw,f? 'ga=umifh usrwk@d &ŒJ wyfrawmfay:
f h
f k
dS
dk
d
rSmxm;wJpwxm;udk usrwk@d &i;f jycsiygw,f? wyfrawmfqwm[m jynfovxu ,k=H unfu;kd pm;
hd f
S
f
kd
l l k
cspcifwwyfrawmfjzpfz@dk vygw,f? tckacwfrmqk&if acwfrjD ynfpwwyfrawmfwckjzpfvmzk@d
f
hJ
dk
S d
h Hk hJ
acwfr*%oum&Swwyfrawmfwckjzpfvmzd@k qwm[m jynfovxe@J wyfrawmf[m vufw+GJ y;D
D k f d Q d hJ
dk
l l k
awmh tm;vk;H 0di;f vkyrS jzpfr,fupyg? acwfrwwyfrawmfqwm[m t&nftcsi;f eJ@ jynfpwwyf
k
f
h dP
D hJ
kd
h Hk hJ
rawmfqwm[m rdrw@kd &ŒJ t"duwm0efjzpfwhJ Ediie@J EdiioEiiom;wk@d ukd umuG,&r,fupqdk
dk
d
k f H k f H l kd f H
f
h dP
wm oD;oD;oef@oef@vyz@dk vygw,f? tJ'vdk oD;oD;oef@oef@vyromv#if *k%oum&S+d yD;awmh/
k f kd
D
k f S
f d Q
acwfr+D yD;awmh/ tqiftwef;jrif+h yD;awmh jynfovxu cspcifav;pm;wJwyfrawmfwckjzpfvm
h
l l k
f
h
rSmyg?
usrwk@d trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaeeJ@ wyfrawmfukd Ekiia&;xJrm0if+yD;awmhpuf
dk
dfH
S
G
zufwmudk oabmrwlygb;l / tJ'voabmrwlwm[m wyfrawmfuwefz;dk rxm;vk@d r[kwygb;l ?
D dk
kd
f
wu,fawmh wyfrawmfuwefz;dk xm;vk@d ukd wyfrawmfwefz;dk usapr,fuprsm;rSm0if+yD;awmh
kd
h d P
rpGuzufapcsiwmyg// jrefrmEkiitwGuf wyfrawmfukd azazxlaxmifcpOfu Ekiia&;xJrm0if+y;D
f
f
dfH
hJ
dfH
S
awmh pGuzufz@dk xaxmifcwmr[kwygb;l ? jynfovx&ŒJ Ekiia&;óud;yrf;r_ukd yHy;kd zd@k xaxmifchJ
f
l
hJ
f
l l k dfH
h
l
wmyg? 'ga=umihr@dk v@dk EdiiucspwhJ wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;vk;H &JŒwm0ef[m jynfovx&ŒJ óu;d yrf;r_
f
k f H kd f
l l k
47

48. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
awG/ Ekiia&;óu;d yrf;r_awG/ jynfovx&ŒJ vkvm;csuawG/ jynfovx&ŒJ qENawGukd 0di;f 0ef;+y;D awmh
dfH
l l k d
f
l l k
k
yhy;kd ay;wJwm0efjzpf&r,fv@dk usrwd@k ajymcsiygw,f? tJ'v0i;f 0ef;+y;D awmh yHy;kd ay;wJwyfrawmfqdk
H
h
f
D dk kd
h
h
&if Ekiiua&m urBmua&m tm;vk;H 0ki;f +yD;awmh av;pm;=urSmjzpfygw,f?
dfH
d
,cktcdsermqkv@dk &&if jynfovx[m v$wawmfac:,la&;udpukd trsm;}uD;vkvm;ae
f S d dS
l l k
f
P
d
w,fqwmxif&m;ygw,f? tJ'awmh jynfovx&ŒJ vkvm;csuukd wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m 0di;f +y;D
dk
S
D
l l k d
f
k
awmh yhy;kd apcsiygw,f? tm;vk;H uae+y;D awmh jynfovxa&G;cs,wifajrmufxm;wJh ud,pm;vS,f
H
f
l l k
f
‡
k f
rsm;eJ@ zGŒJ pnf;xm;wJh v$wawmfwckay:aygua&;udk 0di;f 0ef;+y;D awmhvyay;zk@d vygw,f? wyfrawmf
f
f
k
kf
dk
om;rsm;[mvnf; jynfovxawmif;waewJh v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf 0di;f 0ef;+yD;awmh
l l k
f
f
k
ulnz@dk vygw,f? usrwk@d trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyu wyfrawmftaeeJ@ vkyapcsiwm usrwd@k
D dk
dk
f
f
f
jzpfapcsiwmudk xkwazmfajymw,fqv@dk &&if usrwk@d [m wyfrawmfuuatmifvyw,f/ usr
f
f
dk dS
kd JG
kf
wd@k [m wyfrawmfuxyg;w,fq+dk yD;awmh 'DvypypcsuawGxuavh&ygw,f?
kd d
dk J G f JG f
G f dS
'Dawmh usrwckaxmufjycsiygw,f? wyfrawmft&m&Sa[mif;wOD;jzpfwhJ OD;atmif}u;D [m
f
d
EdiijH cm;owif;Xmersm;uae+yD;awmhwqifh wyfrawmfe@J ywfoufwhJ jyif;jyif;xefxefa0zefom;
kf
G
wm/ ykwcwfom;wm/ 'g trsm;jynfo=l um;cJwupawGyg? tJ'[mudk tm%mydirsm;u bmwcGe;f
f
G
h hJ d P
D
kf
rS rwk@H jyefygb;l ? rauseyfw,fqwmvnf;rajymygb;l ? OD;atmif}uD;udk a0zefwmvnf;r&Sygb;l ?
dk
d
OD;atmif}u;D udk zrf;wmqD;wmvnf;r&Sygb;l ? bmrSurajymyJe@J bmrSrjzpfovkaeygw,f? usrwk@d
d
kd
d
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfu apwemtjynfht0eJ@ wyfrawmf&JŒwm0efawG[m bmvJvkd@
axmufjywJtcgusv@dk &&ifawmh usrwk@d ukd trdsK;rsKd ;pGypcsuawGwifygw,f? 'Dawmh 'Dvpypcsuf
h
dS
f JG f
dk G f JG
awGwifwhJ vlawG&ŒJ apwem[m rSeovm; rrSeb;l vm;qkwm jynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm;vk;H a&m
f
f
d
wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;vk;H a&m qk;H jzwf=uygv@dk usrajymcsiygw,f?
f
jynfow@dk &ŒJ om;aumif;rsm;jzpfw@J wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m “jynfoomv#itrd/ jynfol
l
l
f
omv#itz”qkwrukd ckicirmrmudipxm;+y;D awmh jynfovx&ŒJ qENrsm;jynf0zk@d twGuf 0di;f 0ef;
f
d hJ l d f dk f
k f JG
l l k
h
k
vkyaqmifay;=uygv@dk usrawmif;qkcsiygw,f? jynfoe@J tpOft+rJ pdwwoabmwlvy=f uygv@dk
f
d f
l
f l
k
usrarwWm&yfccsiygw,f? usrwk@d jynfojl ynfom;rsm;[mvnf; wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m usrwd@k
H f
twGi;f uae+y;D awmhayguzm;vmwJh usrwk@d &ŒJ om;aumif;&wemrsm;tjzpf jrifEiatmifv@dk 0di;f +y;D
fG
kd f
k
awmhóud;yrf;apcsiygw,f?
f
usrwk@d vyaewJEiia&;qkwm[m trdsK;om;Ekiia&;yg? trsKd ;om;Ekiia&;qkwm 'DEiiH
k f h dk f H
d
dfH
dfH
d
kd f
rSm&SwhJ EkiioEiiom;rsm;tm;vk;H eJ@oufqiwhJ Ekiia&;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh usrwk@d tm;vk;H
d d f H l dk f H
dk f d f H
vufw+JG y;D awmh usrwk@d EiiH om,m0ajyma&; at;csr;f a&;twGuvyz@dk vygw,f? tm;vk;H twl
dk f
f k f dk
wlvy=f uygp@dk v@dk usrarwWm&yfccsiygw,f? yxrajcvSr;f taeeJ@ usrwk@d tm;vk;H [m jynfovxk
k
H f
l l
wifajrmufxm;wJh ud,pm;vS,rsm;eJ@ v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf 0di;f 0ef;+y;D awmhóu;d yrf;=uyg
‡
k f
f
f
f
k
pd@k v@dk usrarwWm&yfccsiygw,f?
H f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
48

49. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
jrefrmEkdifiHjynfolrsm;odk‹yef-um;csuf
pufwifbmv 19 &uf/ 1998 ckEpf
S
pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@rm trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J wki;f &if;om;tzGŒJ av;zGŒJ udk
S
dk
d
ud,pm;ðywJh ud,pm;vS,wOD; qkawGŒ=u+yD;awmh 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
k f
k f
f
H
h S
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyu wifajr‡mufvuaom “jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD” zGŒJ vkuygw,f?
JG
dk f
f
kd f
d f
'DvaumfrwDzŒJG &wmuawmh usrwd@k vwawmfac:,la&;udpukd rjzpfajrmufatmifv@dk
dk
$ f
P
tm%mydiawGuae+yD;awmh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awGukd xde;f odr;f vkuv@dk jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk
kf
f
fkd f
f
d f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awGukd xde;f odr;f xm;wJtcgusawmh v$wawmf&ŒJ vkyief;awGuvyz@dk
f
kd f
f
h
f
f
kd k f
qk+d y;D awmh 'DaumfrwDukd zGŒJ vkuwmyg? usrwk@d aumfrwDrm v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f 251 a,muf
d f
S
f
kd f
uae+yD;awmh aoaocsmcsmvkyaqmifyicihf Mandate ay;tyfxm;awmh 50 &mckiEe;f ausmf
f
dk f G
df _
wma=umifr@dk v@dk v$wawmfu,pm; tvkyvyyici&w,fv@dk usrwk@d ajymcsiygw,f? 'Dawmh
h
f
dk f
f k f kd f G hf dS
f
v$wawmfu,pm; usrwk@d uae+yD;awmh quf+yD;awmhvyom;rSmyg?
f
kd f
kf G
yxrtpnf;ta0;rSm usrwk@d q;Hk jzwfcsuawGcsygw,f? tJ'q;Hk jzwfcsuawGxrm ta&;yg
f
D
f
JS
wJh qk;H jzwfcsuawGuawmh v$wawmf&ŒJ oufwrf;udowfrwjf cif;/ 'Dvwawmf[m 1990 ckEpu
f
f
k
S
$ f
Sf
a&G;cs,wifajrmufvuwhJ v$wawmf[m jynfovx&ŒJ oabmxm;eJ@uun+D y;D awmh 'Drua&pD
f
‡
dk f
f
l l k
kd f
kd
rlawGe@J vnf;udunwhJ zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'wckutwnfðy+yD;awmhrS 'Dvwawmf&ŒJ
k f D
f Hk
kd
$ f
oufwrf;[mukermyg? 'Dvwawmfu twnfðy&rSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'vtwnfrðyEkioIawmh
fS
$ f
D dk
df
'Dvwawmf[mwnf&r,fq+dk yD;awmh usrwk@d 'Dvyq;Hk jzwfcsucsvuygw,f? aemuf+yD;awmh
$ f
dS
dk J
f dk f
vnf; 'DvwawmfutwnfrðywJOya'awG[m w&m;r0ifb;l qkwmudvnf; usrwk@d q;Hk jzwf
$ f
h
d
k
csucsvuygw,f? 'Dtjyifvnf; usrwk@d &ŒJ aumfrwD[m v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tpktnDe@J
f dk f
h
f
kd f
f
H
v$wawmfac:,lEir,ftcdsera&mufrjcif; v$wawmf&ŒJ vkyief;awGukd quf+yD;awmhvyom;
f
dk f h
f
f
f
k f G
r,fq+dk yD;awmh usrwk@d q;Hk jzwfcsucsygw,f? 'Dvq;Hk jzwfcsuawGcs&wm[m jynfovxay:rSm
f
dk
f
l l k
usrwd@k &whJ wm0eft& cs&jcif;jzpfygw,f? usrwk@d vy&r,ftvkyawGukd quf+yD;awmhvyom;
dS
k f
h
f
k f G
rSmyg?
usewq;Hk jzwfcsuawGxrm wyfrawmfe@J ywfoufwhJ qk;H jzwfcsuwckvnf;ygygw,f?
f hJ
f
J S
f
'Dq;Hk jzwfcsuuawmh atmufygtwdi;f yJjzpfygw,f f
k
“EkiiwEkiiwif wyfrawmfonf r&Srjzpfvtyfonfh tzGŒJ tpnf;wckjzpfonf? wyfr
dfH dfH G
d
dk
awmf.wm0efonf EkiiawmfEiEiiom;rsm;udk umuG,apmifa&Smuf&efEihf zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfyt
dfH
S hf dk f H
f
h
S
f Hk
ajccHOya'udk umuG,&efjzpfonf? jynfovxu ,k=H unfu;kd pm;cspcifonfh acwfr+D y;D umuG,f
f
l l k
f
a&;wm0efudk oef@oef@xrf;aqmifonfwyfrawmfjzpf&ygrnf? tqiftwef;jrifrm;+y;D jynfojl ynf
h
h
h
om;rsm;ESihf wom;wnf;jzpf&ygrnf? jynfow@dk .qENukd OD;xdyyefum tpOfav;pm;&ygrnf”
l
f
'g[m usrwk@d &ŒJ wyfrawmftay:rSm oabmxm;yg? 'DvwyfrawmfrsKd ;qdv@dk &&if usrwk@d
dk
k dS
Ekiitv,frm urBmtv,frm b,favmuf*%oum&SrvJqwm pOf;pm;apcsiygw,f?
dfH
S
h
S
k f d Q d
dk
f
49

50. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
'ga=umifh usrwk@d vywupawG[m wyfrawmfukd *k%ar;rdeapcsiv@dk vkyaewmr[kwf
k f hJ d P
f Sf
f
f
ygb;l ? wyfrawmfukd *k%&&e@J aeapcsiv@dk vkyaewmygqwmudk usrwd@k &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajymcsiyg
f dS dS
f
f
dk
f
w,f// tckqv@dk &&if tm%mydirsm;[m usrwk@d tzGŒJ tpnf;eJ@ usrwk@d 'rua&pDvyaqmifcsuf
dk dS
kf
D dk
k f
awGukd trsKd ;rsKd ;wkucu=f uygw,f? 'Dvwucupypwae&mrSm wyfrawmfom;rsm; usrwd@k
d f dk
dk dk f dk f G f JG hJ
tay:rSm txifjrifvatmifv@dk trdsK;rsKd ;vkyaew,fqwmudk usrwd@k jrif&ygw,f? 'Dvtjrif
JG
f
dk
dk
vGatmifvywm[m wdi;f jynftwGuaumif;wJupr[kwygb;l ? ud,tcsi;f csi;f pdw0rf;uGatmif
J
kf
k
f
h dP
f
k hf
f
J
vkywm usrwk@d vyaewmr[kwygb;l ? usrwd@k tay:rSm txiftjrifvatmifv@kd trsKd ;rsKd ;wkuf
f
kf
f
JG
d
ckuwoawGu vkyaewmomjzpfygw,f? 'Dawmh usrwk@d [m wyfrawmftay: b,fvrvnf;
d f hJ l
f
dk S
tmCmwr&Sygb;l ? wyfrawmf[m usrwk@d vyaewJh tvkyawGukd 0di;f 0ef;+yD;awmhyy;kd zk@d wm0ef&dS
d
kf
f
k
hH
w,fqwmawmh usrajymcsiygw,f?
dk
f
usrwk@d [m trsm;jynfouae+yD;awmh a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufxm;wJh v$wawmfuu,pm;
l
f
f
kd kd f
ðywJtzG@J jzpfyg w,f? tJ'vwawmf&ŒJ ud,pm;vS,rsm; 50 &mckiEe;f ausm&ŒJ vkyaqmifyiciukd
h
D $ f
k f
f
df_
f
f
dk f G hf
&&Sxm;wJh tzG@J vnf;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifr@dk v@kd usrwk@d &@J vyaqmifcsuawGukd EdiioEiiom;
d
h
k f
f
k f H l kd f H
tm;vk;H wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if 0di;f 0ef;jyD;awmhaxmufc=H uygv@dk usrtaeeJ@ arwWm&yfcH
k
csiygw,f?
f
urBmrSm&SwhJ 'Drua&pDenf;t& a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufxm;wJh v$wawmftoD;oD;uvnf;
d
dk
f
f
usrwk@d &ŒJ aumfrwDukd todtrSwðf y+yD;awmh usrwd@k &ŒJ vky&yfrsm;udk axmufctm;ay;=uygv@dk
f
H
usrtaeeJ@ arwWm&yfccsiygw,f?
H f
jrefrmEkii'rua&pD&rSomv#if 'Dwi;f jynftwGi;f rSmjzpfaewJjh yemt&yf&yfukd usrwd@k
d f H D dk
dk
ajyvnfatmifv@dk ajz&Si;f Ekirmyg? ukeaps;E_e;f wufaewJupawG/ ausmif;om;awGausmif;rwuf
dfS
f
h dP
EkiwupawG/ aq;±kawGrmaq;r&SwupawG/ pD;yGm;a&;tzufzufuae+yD;awmh avsm&aewJh
d f hJ d P
H
S
d hJ d P
h J
udpawG 'D[mawGtm;vk;H [m jynfoŒl axmufcr&+dS yD;awmh jynfoay:rSm wm0efooe@J vyuif
P
H_
l
d d k f kd
r,fh tpd;k &wckay:ayguvmrSomv#iajyvnfom;rSmyg?
f
f
G
'ga=umifh Ediitay:rSm wu,fyapwem&Sworsm;[m [dvŒl vuf!;kd xk;d / 'DvŒl vuf !d;k xk;d /
kfH
J
d hJ l
k
[dvŒl tjypfwif/ 'DvŒl tjypfwifvyaer,ftpm; EkiitwGuf wu,ftusKd ;&Sr,fh vky&yfawGukd
k
kf
h
dfH
d
f
p+yD;awmhaqmif&u=f uygv@dk usrarwWm&yfccsiygw,f?
G
H f
usrwkd@[m v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwJhtvkyfawGvkyfoGm;wJhtcsdfefcgrSm
aqG;aEG;yGwcg;udawmh t+rJbzixm;ygw,fqwmudawmh usrwk@d &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajymcsiyg
J H k
J G hf
dk
k
f
w,f// raqG;aEG;csiwvawGukd xyfwvJvJ aqG;aEG;yg aqG;aEG;ygv@dk usrwk@d ajymaewmuawmh
f hJ l
jynfovx&ŒJ rsuEmud=k unf+h yD;awmh ajymaewmyg? 'gayr,fh wzufuajymae&if; wzufu
l l k
f S
bmrSrvkyyawmh xdiaerSmr[kwygb;l ? usrwk@d vyoifvyxuwupawGukd vkyom;rSmyg?
f J
kf
f
k f h k f dk f hJ d P
f G
'ga=umifr@kd v@dk usrwk@d wm0eft& tckvwawmfu,pm;ðywJaumfrwDuzŒJG +yD;awmh usrwd@k
h
$ f
kd f
h
kd
vkyief;rsm;udk pwif+yDjzpfygw,f? jrefrmEkiioEiiom;rsm;eJ@wuG 'Drua&pDe@J vŒl tcGita&;udk
f
d f H l dk f H
kd
hf
av;pm;em;vnfwhJ urBmjh ynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm;vk;H [m usrwk‹d ukd axmufctm;ay;ae=ur,fv@dk
H
usrwk@d ar#mvifygw,f?
f h
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
50

51. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
ESpfywfvnftxdrf;trSwfae‹wGif ajym-um;onfh
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ OD;atmifa&$. rdef‹cGef;
ºua&mufvm=uolrsm;tm;vH;k ud,pwEpjf zmuse;f rmI csr;f omygapa=umif; qkawmif;
G
k fd fS
arwWm yd@k oyfygw,fcifAsm;?
rdrw@kd wi;f jynfrm 'Drua&pDe@J vŒl tcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef óu;d yrf;aqmif&u=f u&mwGif ,ckuhJ
d kd
S kd
hf
d
G
od@k tcuftcJ/ twm;tqD;awG=um;rSvma&muf+y;D awmh/ pdw"gwcicirmrmeJ@ vma&muf=uwJh
f f kd f kd f
twGuf tifrwefryJ v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu,pm; u|eawmfu aus;Zl;wifa=umif;/
S
f
kd f
kd f
f
*k%,a=umif; ajym=um;vdygw,f?
f l
k
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ
kd
d
dk
k f D kd
csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@kd u etztm; Oya't& jynfoŒl
f
kd
k
f
v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkwuwe;f cJygw,f? 'gayr,fh vH;k 0OHvspvsL±_jcif;cHc&ygw,f?
f
d kd f G h
k f
hJ
Oya' xkwvuwoawGu Oya'udcsKd ;zsuvujf cif;jzpfygw,f? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;qdwoO;f
f kd f hJ l
k
f kd
f k
aew,fqwm jyvdujf cif;yJjzpfygw,f?
kd
k
'DEiia&;ygwrsm;udk 1990 jynfEpuusi;f ycJwa&G;aumufyrm jynfovxuaxmufcH
kd f H
D
hSf
h hJ
JG S
l l k
tm;ay;cJ+h y;D / 'Dygwrsm;&JŒ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tm;/ 'Drua&pD
D
f
kd f
k f
f
kd
usipOfrsm;t&qENray;I v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvujf cif;
hf
J
f
kd f
f
kd
jzpfygw,f? w&m;0ifaewJh ud,pm;vS,rsm;vnf; jzpf=uygw,f?
k f
f
'Dvwawmfu,pm;vS,awGukd jynfovxe@J wki;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;ðyvkyief;rsm;udk
$ f
kd f
f
l l k d
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifaqmif&u=f u&ef wm0efay;vdujf cif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh v$wawmf
f
S
h
G
k
f
ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sawmh 'Dwm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEiyg? jynfo@l vwawmfukd ac:,lray;jcif;
f
d
dk f
$ f
[m/ 'Drua&pDuray;bl;qd+k y;D jiif;y,fvujf cif;ygy? 'gtjyif Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/
kd
dk
kd
J h
kfH
_
use;f rma&;tp&SwhJ tusytwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f ray;vdwhJ qENay:vGiaew,fqwm xif&m;yg
d
f
k
f
kd
S
w,f? od@k aomf wki;f jynfwm0efawGukd aqmif&u&rSmawGukd ypfy,frxm;Edi/f vspvsLr±_Eiwm
d
G f
k
f
kd f
a=umifh aqmif&uom;&rnfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd txufaz: jycJwhJ
G f G
f
kd f
h
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rS ud,pm;vS,rsm;eJ@ (16-9-98) &ufae@u zGŒJ pnf;cJ&ygw,f?
dfH
D
k f
f
h
zG@J pnf;cJ+h yD; wdi;f jynftwGuf rnfo@dk aqmif&uaewmrsm;udk a=unmcsursm;xkw+f yD;
k
G f
f
jynfovxo@kd today;cJygw,f? 'gjh yif ,ae@ wESpjf ynfajrmufwae@rm a=unmcsue@J tpD&ifcH
l l k
h
h
hJ S
f
pmrsm;udvnf; zwf=um;+y;D today;xm;ygw,f? jynfovxtusKd ;twGu/f rysuruGuaqmif
k
l l k
f
f
&Gu&rnfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd jynfoŒl v$wawmf ray:aygurjcif;/
f
f
kd f
f
f
rnfo@kd yifjyefay;qGoabmeJ@ +cdr;f ajcmuf/ +cdr;f ajcmuf/ r,dirvJb/J rnfo@kd r# zsuor;f rnfr[kwf
J
kf
f d
a=umif;/ oEMÏmefðyxm;+yD;a=umif;udk twdtvif;a=unmvdu+f yD; ed*;kH csKyftyfygw,fcifAsm;?
d
k
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (7)&uf?
S
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16)&uf?
S
51

52. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ESpfywfvnftxdrf;trSwfae‹wGifajym-um;onfh
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtzGJŒ0if
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. rdef‹cGef;
'Dae@ usrwd@k tcrf;tem;ukd jzpfatmifv@dk wufa&mufvmwJh usrwd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;eJ@ usr
wd@k uaxmufcworsm;tm;vH;k udk aus;Zl;wifa=umif;ajymvdygw,f? tckvkd usrwd@k tck v$wf
kd
H hJ l
k
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ (1)ESpajrmuftcrf;tem;udk trsm;jynforvmEdiatmifv@kd ydwq@kd
kd f
f
l
kf
f
w,fqwm bmudjk yovJqkd usrwd@k &ŒJ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuaxmufcr_ jynf
kd
f
kd f
kd
H
olvx=k um;xJrm &Sw,fqwmudk jywmyJjzpfygw,f? jynfovx&ŒJ axmufcrukd pd;k &dra=umifh
l
S d
dk
l l k
H_
f
=u/ a=umuf&ŒHG vd@k 'g ydwq@kd xm;w,fv@kd usrwd@k 'DvyjJ rifygw,f? b,fvytm%mydiawGu
f
kd
kd J
kf
vkyvyf jynfovx&ŒJ axmufcr[m usrwd@k e@J tpOf&om;r,fv@kd usrwd@k ,=kH unfygw,f?
f k
l l k
H_
dS G
tckqv@kd &&if usrwd@k &ŒJ aumfrwDuz@JG vuwm (1)ESp&om;yg+yD? 'D(1)ESprm tajctae
kd dS
kd kd f
f dS G
fS
awG[m b,fvajymif;cJovJ? usrwd@k &ŒJ tajctaeu b,fv&ovJqwm usrwd@k oH;k oyfEiyg
kd
h
kd dS
kd
kd f
w,f? 'Dvo;kH oyfwtcgrm usrwd@k EiitwGi;f rSmjzpfaewJupu/kd wurBmvH;k rSmjzpfaewJupawG
kd
hJ
S
kd f H
h dP
h dP
ud=k unf+h yD;awmh oHoyf&rSmjzpfygw,f? tckavmavmq,f usrwd@k e@J tifrwefrS b0ay;/ uHay;
k
jcif;wlv@kd q+kd y;D ajym&r,fupuawmh ta&S@warmudpyjJ zpfygw,f? 'Dupukd usrwd@k ajymoifajym
h dP
D
P
dP
h
xduv@kd usrwd@k 'Dae&mrSmajymvdu&rSmyg?
k f
k f
ta&SŒwDarmudpe@J ywfoufv@kd urBmtodi;f t0di;f uacgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;u ajymoGm;wm
P
h k
k
[m jynfovx&ŒJ 'Drua&pDenf;t& xkwazmfvuwqENukd t=urf;zufjcif;/ +cr;f ajcmufjcif;eJ@
l l k
kd
f
kd f hJ
d
ydwq@kd z@kd vkywm[m vH;k 0vufcp&mta=umif;r&Sb;l vd@k ajymvduwmyg? tJ'awmh usrwd@k
f
f
H
d
k f
dD
1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufy&v'fukd todtrSwrðywmeJ@ bmxl;ovJ? jynfovx&ŒJ 'Drua&pD
hSf
JG
f
l l k
kd
enf;t& vGwvyfpmxkwazmfvuwqENukd t=urf;zufwenf;awG/ +cdr;f ajcmufwenf;awGe@J
f
G
f
kd f hJ
hJ
hJ
ydwq@kd z@kd óu;d pm;cJw,fqwm tifrwefxif&m;ygw,f? 'ga=umifr@kd v@kd vnf; wurBmvH;k [m usrwd@k
f
h
kd
S
h
jrefrmEdii&ŒJ 'Drua&pDa&;udk yd+k yD;awmh tav;xm;oifw,fv@kd usr,H=k unfygw,f?
kfH
kd
h
ta&SŒwDarmrSmqd&if bmudjk yovJq&if aoewfuui+f y;D tkycsKyxm;wJtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;
k
kd
dk kd
f f
h
&JŒpum;qdwm ,H=k unfz,&mr&Sb;l qdwmudk jywmyJ? jynfovx&ŒJ qENt& vkyygr,fq+kd y;D awmh
k
G f
d
k
l l k
f
qENc,yusi;f yvduw,f? 'DqENc,y&ŒJ &v'furóuduwtcgusawmh qifajctrsKd ;rsKd ;ajym+yD;
H l JG
k f
H l JG
kd
f hJ
awmh t=urf;zufz@kd &m0efrav;wJoawGutoH;k cs+yD;awmh 'DqENukd y,fzsuz@kd óud;pm;cJwmyJ?
h l
kd
f
h
tJ'awmh 'Dóu;d pm;r_ukd urBmuvufrcHEib;l qdwm&Si;f ygw,f? [dk bmjzpfv@kd vnf;qdawmh tJ'vdk
D
dk f
k
k
D
52

53. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vufeufuixm;wJorsm;[m rw&m;vkyEici&w,fqwtajctaersKd ;udk vufcvu+f yq&if
kd f
h l
f kd f G hf dS
dk hJ
H kd D kd
wurBmvH;k [m uarmufurjzpfom;rSmyg? 'ga=umifr@dk v@kd vufeuftiftm;[m trSew&m;
G
h
f
r[kwb;l qdwm tm;vH;k em;vnfz@kd vygw,f? vufeuftiftm;eJ@ trSew&m;udzsuq;D vd@k
f
k
kd
f
k f
r&ygb;l ?
tJ'awmh EdiiwumtzGŒJ tpnf;udowday;csiwmu ta&SŒwDarmvdk tajctae tifr
D
kfH
k
f
wefq;kd oGm;wJtxd apmif=h unfae=urSmvm;vd@k usruae+yD;awmhar;csiw,f? trsm;jynfo&ŒJ
h
h
f
l
qENucsKd ;azmufz@kd / wGe;f vSez@kd / Edreif;zd@k vywhJ vky&yfrsm;wdi;f [m tqd;k bufucsn;f yJa&mufom;
kd
f Sf
kf
f
k
kd
G
apygw,f? b,fawmhrS taumif;bufura&mufapygb;l ? usrwd@k &ŒJ jrefrmEdiirm trsm;jynfol
kd
kfHS
u 'Drua&pDuvvm;w,fqwmudk 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufywe;f u &Si;f &Si;f vif; vif;}u;D xkwf
kd
kd kd
kd
hSf
JG k
azmfjyocJw,f? 'D[mudvnf; urBmuae+y;D awmh b,fvrjS iif;qefv@kd r&ygb;l ? 'Dawmh trsm;jynf
h
k
kd
ol&ŒJ qENukd taumiftxnfazmfz@kd usrwd@k uóu;d pm;aewmyJ? 'Dawmh usrwd@k &ŒJ óu;d pm;csuawGukd
f
wurBmvH;k uaxmufcoifw,fv@kd ajymcsiygw,f? usrwd@k &ŒJ óu;d yrf;csursm;[m wnf+irr/_ +ir;f
H h
f
f
df d
csr;f r_bufukd OD;wnfw,fqwm tckavmufq&if wurBmvH;k u odavmuf+yv@kd usrxifygw,f?
kd
kd
D
jynfovx&ŒJ qENe@J udunpmvkywhJ udpreor#[m EdiiwEdii[m wnf+irrbufuyom;rSm
l l k
k f DG f
PSf
kfH kfH
df_
kd J G
ygyJ?
tck r=umcifujzpfcwhJ ud;k / ud;k / ud;k q,fu;kd aygav? bmrSvnf;jzpfwmr[kwygb;l ? wu,f
hJ
h
h
f
qd&if vkyaewmu tm%mydiawGuvkyae=uwm? “jynfovxuae+yD;awmh bmrS 'Dupukd
k
f
kf
f
l l k
dP
pdwr0ifpm;=ubl;? jynfovxu vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; tHºk u&ef/ xºu&ef tvdr&Sb;l ” vd@k ajymvd@k &&if
f
l l k
G
G
k d
dS
wu,fy,=kH unfv@kd &&if bma=umifh 'DavmufawmifrS wcgwnf;pd;k &drw}uD;eJ@ trsKd ;rsKd ;ydwyif
J
dS
f
f
wm;qD;r_awGvyae=uovJqwm usrwd@k ar;&rSmjzpfygw,f?
kf
kd
xdenf;‚if;yJ 'Dae@rmvnf; usrwd@k trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftygt0if wdi&if;om;
k
S
kd
kf
ygwD (4) ckuae+y;D awmhxaxmifxm;wJh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd jynfovxu
l
f
kd f
l l k
vH;k 0pdw0ifpm;r_r&Sb;l qd&if 'Dvrf;udywxm;p&mta=umif; bmrSr&Sb;l vd@k usrjrifygw,f? usr
f
d
k
kd f
d
wd&ŒJ v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDxrm wdi;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf; (4) ck&ŒJ ud,pm;vS,ygwm[m
k
f
kd f
JS k
k f
f
tifrwefrS usrwd@k twGuf wwyfwtm;jzpfygw,f? 'g[m usrwd@k EiitwGuf tifrwefraumif;
dk f H
S
wJvuQ%myJjzpfygw,f? ppfrewhJ 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpwckay:ayguvmzd@k qwm[m usrwd@k
h
S f
kd
k
f
kd
Ediirm&SwhJ wdi;f &if;om;nDtpfuarmifErawGtm;vH;k =um;rSm aoG;pnf;nD!wr&z@kd vygw,f?
kfHS d
k
kd
S
G f _ dS kd
tckeu usrajymwJh ta&SŒwDarmudpukd jyef=unfvuv@kd &&if vlrsKd ;rwlwhJ wdi;f &if;om;
P
h kd f dS
k
rsm;=um;rSmyËdyuQrsm;jzpfcv@kd / em;vnfrr&Sv@dk / pnf;±k;H r_r&Sv@kd jzpfc&wmyJqwm usrwd@k tm;vH;k
hJ
_ d
d
hJ
kd
jrifEiygw,f? usrwd@k Ediirm 'Dvkd aemifpw0rf;uGrawGrjzpfz@kd qwm[m enf;wenf;yJ&ygw,f?
kd f
kfHS
d f
J_
kd
dS
jynfovxuvdvm;wJtpd;k &wcku xde;f odr;f rSomv#if 'DEii[mwnf+idrEirmjzpfygw,f?
l l k k
h
kd f H
f kd f S
jynfovxqwm[m wki;f &if;om;vlrsd K;pktm;vH;k tygt0if jynfovxuqvwmyg? tJ'vkd
l l k kd
d
l l k kd dk kd
D
nD!wromv#if usrwd@k Eii&ŒJ a&&Snwnf+idrre@J +idr;f csr;f r_ukd xde;f odr;f oGm;Edirmyg? aoewfe@J
G fS
kd f H
f
f_
kfS
53

54. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
awmh b,fawmhrS +ir;f csr;f a&;udk xde;f odr;f vd@k r&ygb;l vd@k usrajymcsiygw,f? usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Drua&pD
d
f
kd
v_y&m;r_ukd [ef@wm;csiwvawGu enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJ@ +cr;f ajcmufae=uygw,f? tJ'+D cr;f ajcmufrukd
fS
f hJ l
d
d
_
usrwd@k ausmvm;Eki&ygr,f? 'Dv+kd cdr;f ajcmufworsm;[m rdrw@kd u,wiu a=umufaevd@k +cdr;f
f $ df
hJ l
d
kd f kd f
ajcmufe&wmjzpfw,fqwm usrwd@k em;vnfz@kd vygw,f? usrwd@k [m t=urf;zufwenf;udk rvdk
kd
kd
hJ
vm;bl;/ +ir;f csr;f wJenf;eJ@ usrwd@k Eiirm 'Drua&pDxaxmifz@kd oEMÏmefcsxm;+y;D om; jzpfygw,f?
d
h
kd f H S kd
l
d
b,fvy[ef@wm;[ef@wm; usrwd@k taeeJ@ quf+y;D awmhvyom;wJupawGukd rw&m;wJ/h t=urf;
kd J
kf G h dP
zufwenf;awG/ vufeufe@J +cr;f ajcmufwenf;awGe@J [ef@wm;zd@k óu;d pm;cJ&if jzpfvmr,ftusKd ;quf
hJ
d
hJ
h
h
awGtm;vH;k [m tJ'venf;awGo;kH wJvawG&ŒJ wm0efyjJ zpfw,fqwm usr&Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajym
h D kd
h l
kd
csiygw,f?
f
usrwd@k a=unmcsuxrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;udpukd usrwd@k pGe@f vwrmr[kwb;l ?
f JS
f
P
$ fS
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuvnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfwckray:vmrcsi;f zsuor;f rSm
f
kd f
kd
f
f d
r[kwb;l qdwm jywfjywfom;om; usrwd@k ajymcJ+h yD;yg+yD? tJ'vusrwd@k &ŒJ ajymqdcsutay:rSm
f
k
D kd
k f
wurBmvH;k oH;k oyf+yD;awmh usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_[m b,fbufuO;D wnfaevJqwm
kd
_ f S
kd
kd
oabmayguoifyg+y? usrwd@k [m aemufqwr,ftzG@J tpnf;r[kwygb;l ? usrwd@k aemufqwcsif
f h D
k f h
f
k f
&ifawmifrS jynfojl ynfom;awG&ŒhJ 'Drua&pDuvvm;wJqENukd b,fvrS ydwq@kd v@kd &rSmr[kwyg
kd
kd kd
h
kd
f
f
bl;? 'ga=umifr@kd v@kd usrwd@k uvnf; aemufrqkwb;l ? jynfovxawGuvnf; rdrw@kd &ŒJ 'Drua&pDvkd
h
f
l l k
d
kd
vm;wJh qENawGuvnf; enf;enf;av;rS av#mrmr[kwb;l vd@k usrwd@k u ,H=k unf+y;D om;jzpfygw,f?
kd
hS
f
'Dtcsuukd EdiiwumutodtrSwðf yoifygw,f? urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ tpnf;}uD;tygt0if
f kfH
h
h k
wurBmvH;k [m usrwd@k &ŒhJ 'Drua&pDóu;d yrf;r_ukd ydrv@kd axmufcoifw,fv@kd usrwd@k ,=kH unfygw,f?
kd
k kd
H h
'DvaxmufcjH cif;[m usrwd@k jrefrmEdii&ŒJ wnf+idrre@J +idr;f csr;f r_ukd tm;ay;&ma&mufygw,f?
kd
kfH
f _
usrwd@k Eii&ŒJ wnf+irre@J +ir;f csr;f r_ukd tm;ay;jcif;tm;jzifa'o&JŒ +ir;f csr;f om,mr_ukd tm;ay;&m
kd f H
df_ d
h
d
a&mufygw,f? tck tm;vH;k [mjrifyg+yD? jynfwi;f a&;udp/P jynfwi;f a&;udpq+kd yD;awmh vspvsL±_
G
G
P
f
xm;wm=um&if tifrwefrq;kd 0g;wJh ayguur}_ uD;jzpfwtcgusawmh b,forvspvsL±_v@kd r&
S
f JG
hJ
l S f
wJtajctaeudk a&mufom;wwfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifr@kd v@kd tcktcserm usrwd@k EiitwGi;f rSm
h
G
h
d f S
kd f H
rawmfrw&m;vkyaewJupukd jynfwi;f a&;udpq+kd y;D vspvsL±_rxm;oifb;l qdwmudk usru EdiiH
f h dP
G
P
f
h
k
kf
wumukajymvkygw,f? tckacwfrmqd&if wurBmvH;k [m tm;vH;k wEdiie@J wEdiiH qufo,r&dS
d
d
S k
kfH
kf
G f_
aewJtcgusawmh EkiiwEdiirmjzpfaewJupukd useEiiawGu vspvsL±_xm;vd@k r&ygb;l ? 'g
h
dfH kfH S
h d P
f kd f H
f
a=umifr@kd v@kd usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_ukd wurBmvH;k uaxmufcz@kd &m usruaeaqmf=owm
h
kd
_fS
H
jzpfygw,f? od@k aomfjim;vnf; usrwd@k Eiirm 'Drua&pD&,la&;twGut"duwm0ef[m usrwd@k &hJ
kd f H S kd
f
Ediiol Ediiom;awGay:rSm&Sw,fqwmvnf; usrowday;csiygw,f? ud,vcsiwhJ udpukd OpPm
kfH kfH
d
kd
f
k f kd f
P
&ifvkd OpPm&ifc/J ud,uae+yD;awmh &atmifv@kd / jzpfajrmufatmifv@kd / atmifjrifatmifv@kd 0d&,
k f
d
xkw+f yD;awmh owWe@J ZGe@J vkyom;&r,fqwm usrxyf+yD;owday;csiygw,f?
d J
f G
kd
f
54

55. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
usrwd@k 1988 ckEpf 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;pwifuwnf;u ajymcJwup/P usrwd@k rm
S kd
h hJ d
S
pnfv;kH nD!wr&&r,f/ ZG&&r,f/ owW&&r,f/ pnfurf;&S&r,f/ tJ'vkd ZGe@J owWe@J pnf;vH;k nD!wf
G f _ dS
J dS
d dS
d
D J
d
G
r_e@J vkyom;r,fqv@kd &&if usrwd@k vcsiwyef;wkiukd usrwd@k rkcsraoGa&mufrmjzpfygw,f? usr
f G
kd dS
kd f hJ
df
S
wd@k &J ŒZGJ }u;D avav/ owW}d u;D avav/ pnfurf;}u;D avav/ nD!wr}_ u;D avav usrwd@k yef;wdiukd
G f
kf
a&mufwtcse[m enf;avavyJjzpfrmyg? 'Dawmh jrefjrefa&mufcsi&if usrwd@k y+kd yD;awmhóud;pm;
hJ d f
S
f
&r,f/ tm;xkw&r,f? usrwd@k taeeJ@ 'Drua&pD&r,fqwm vH;k 0oHo,r&Sygb;l ? &ud&rSmygy?
f
kd
kd
d
k
J
'gayr,fvnf; 'Drua&pDvcsiworsm;[m wjcm;vlawGvywmudk xki=f unf+h y;D awmh r=unfaeyg
h
kd
kd f hJ l
kf
d
h
eJ@? rdru,wif ZG/J vH@k v/ 0d&,xkw+f yD;awmh óud;yrf;=uygv@kd usraqmf=ocsiygw,f// 'Drua&pD
d kd f kd
d
f
kd
awmhvcsiygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Drua&pD&,lz@kd twGuawmh yifyifyrf;yrf;róud;pm;csib;l qkwhJ pdwf
dk f
dk
f
f
d
"gwawGrxm;yge@J ? usrwk@d [m 'Drua&pD&ŒJ toD;tyGiawG/ t&omawGukd cHpm;csi&if tcktcsef
f
dk
hf
f
d
rSm yifyifyrf;yrf;óud;pm;&rSmyg? 'DvyJ usrwd@k óud;pm;oGm;rS usrwd@k vcsiwyef;wkiukd usrwk@d
kd
dk f hJ
df
jrefjrefa&mufrmyg? jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtae@e@J Oya'abmif twGi;f uae+yD;
S
$ f
kd f
awmh vkyoifvyxuwupawGukd usrqufvuf+y;D awmhvyom;rSmjzpfygw,f? usrwk@d ukd +cr;f
f h k f dk f hJ d P
kf G
d
ajcmufv@kd vnf; usrwk@d aemufqwrmr[kwygb;l // usrwk@d &ŒJ ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk "g;pmcHrsm;o
k fS
f
k f
f
zG,ac:xm;+yD;awmh trdsK;rsKd ; usrwd@k &@J jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;jyKaumfrwDukd zsuor;f zd@k &m
f
$ f
kd f
f d
twGuf pnf;±k;H vk@d vnf; usrwk@d [m zsuor;f ay;rSmr[kwb;l ? usrwk@d vcsiwhJ jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f d
f
kd f
f
ac:,la&;udpuvnf; usrwd@k vufvwrmr[kwygb;l ?
P kd
$ fS
f
usrwd@k c%c%ajymcJygw,f? jynfo@l vwawmfac:,la&;udpukd usrwk@d b,fawmhrS
h
$ f
P
vufrv$wf Ekib;l ? bmjzpfv@dk vqawmh 'Dupukd vufvwvuv@dk &&if usrwk@d [m jynfovx&@J
df
J dk
dP
$ f dk f dS
l l k
qENukd csKd ;azmufEiw,fqw/hJ raumif;wJtpOftvm}uD;udk usrwd@k vufc&ma&mufr,fv@dk
kd f
dk
h
H
usrwk@d ajymcJygw,f? tckq&if usrwd@k &@J pum;udk wurBmvk;H uyd+k yD;awmh oabmaygu=f uyg
h
dk
vdrr,f? ta&S@warmrSmjzpfwmud=k unf+h yD;awmh usrwk@d 'Eiirm jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;
hf
D
D dk f H S
f
udpuvufrv$wb;l qkwm rSeygavjcif;qk+d y;D awmh urBmu=obmay;r,fv@dk usr,k=H unfygw,f?
P kd
f d
f
'ga=umifh usrwk@d trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ tjcm;jynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
d
f
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDxrmyg0if=uwJh &Sr;f / &cki/f rGe/f Zdr;D trdsK;om;ygwrsm;eJ@ usrwk@d Eiirm 'Drua&pD
k f
d JS
d
k
D
dk f H S kd
udk vkvm;wJotm;vk;H [m usrwd@k jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ vky&yfrsm;udk wcJeuf
d
h l
f
kd f
f
'Dae@uaep+yD;awmh qxufxrf;yd;k axmufc=H uygv@dk usr arwWm&yfc&if;eJ@ ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f?
H
a':atmifqef;pk-unf
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbm (16) &uf//
S
55

56. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfwif &[ef;&Sivausmif;om;§ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynforsm;.
dfH
G
f l
l
'Drua&pDawmif;qkqENjyr_ t&Set[keonf 1988 ckEp/f =o*kwv ESihf pufwifbmvwk@d wif
kd
d
d f
f
S
f
G
tjrifrm;qk;H od@k a&muf&conf? xkpOfu jzpfay:cJaomtajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckEp/f
h
dS hJ
d
h
S
pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
pwkwt}udrf jynfoŒl v$wawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u wygwpepfEihf ygwppepfteuf rnf
Î
f
D
S
D Hk
onfpepfukd vdvm;ESpoufa=umif; jynfoŒl qENc,yusi;f yjcif;rðyawmhbJ ygwppepfjzifh taxG
h
k
f
H l JG
D Hk
axGa&G;aumufyukd ok;H vtwGi;f usi;f y&efq;Hk jzwfconf? xkq;Hk jzwfcsuEitnD ygwp'rua&pD
JG
hJ
d
f S fh
D Hk D dk
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJŒpnf;ay;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu
jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd tqdðk ywifjycJonf?
f
h
Ekiiawmfaumifp. tqkðd ywifjycsut& jynfoŒl v$wawmfu 11-9-88 &ufae@wif
dfH
D
f
f
G
atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsursm;udk csrwconf?
f
S f hJ
(u) ygwppepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yay;&ef?
D Hk
JG
(c) ygwppepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yEkia&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfae
D Hk
JG
df
aom tajccHOya'yg oufqi&mjyÏmef;csursm;ESihf tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk
dk f
f
y,fzsuEia&;twGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu Ediiawmfaumifpo@kd vtyf&ef?
f dk f
f
kd f H
D
J$
(*) tajccHOya'yk'r 43/ yk'rcGJ (u) t& pwkwt}udrf jynfoŒl v$wawmf. ykref
f
f
Î
f
H S
oufwrf;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D I jynfoŒl v$wawmftopf pwif
JG
f
pnf;a0;onfae@txdomjzpfa=umif; av#maygowfrw&ef?
h
h h
S f
(C) pwkwt}urf jynfoŒl v$wawmf yOPrtpnf;a0;u zGŒJ pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,wif
Î d
f
f
ajr‡mufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siukd zsuor;f ay;&ef?
JG
f
f d
(i) w&m;r#waom taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf a&G;
aumufyJaumfr&Siwif atmufazmfjyygy*Kd~ vfrsm;udk a&G;cs,wm0efay;tyf&ef G
f G
k
f
1// OD;baX; - tjidr;f pm;b¾mawmfrif;}uD;?
2// OD;ausmne@f - t+idr;f pm; uae'gEiiqi&m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;?
f G
dk f H dk f
3// OD;pef;armif - tjidr;f pm;ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESitmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;?
fh
4// OD;apm=um'd;k - t+idr;f pm;Advr;ª csKyf?
fk f
5// q&mcs,f - ,cifygvreftrwf (z/q/y/v acwf) ESihf ,cifjynfoŒl v$wawmf
D
f
ud,pm;vS,f (r/q/v acwf)
k f
(p) a&G;aumufyaumfr&Siwif tzGŒJ 0ifO;D a&wk;d jcif;/ vpfvyfonfae&mwGif tpm;xk;d jcif;
JG
f G
h
udprsm;aqmif&uyiciukd jynfo@l vwawmfu Ediiawmfaumifpo@dk vtyf&ef?
P
G f fkd f G hf
$ f
kfH
D
J$
56

57. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(q) ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udrwywifjcif;/ a&G;aumufypnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf vkyief;
D
k S f Hk
JG
f
wm0efrsm;a&;qGjJ yÏmef;ay;jcif;wk@d ukd aumfr&SiEinEi;f aqmif&uay;a&;twGuf
f S hf ‡d d_
G f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu Ekiiawmfaumifpo@kd v$tyf&ef?
f
dfH
D
J
(") taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd jynfoŒl v$wawmftwGuomusi;f y&ef?
JG
f
f
(ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yrnfae@onf ,ae@rpI ok;H vjynfaomae@[k owf
JG
h
S
h
rSway;&ef? od@k aomf ay:ayguvmrnfh ygwtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyaumfr
f
f
D
JG
&Sio@kd t}uHðycsut& ,ae@rpI wvcGjJ ynfaomae@xufrapmbJjzpfap/ ok;H v
f
f
S
h
ausmveonftcgjzpfap jyifqifowfrwusi;f yay;Ekionfvyyiciukd jynfoŒl
f Gf h
S f
d f h k f kd f G hf
v$wawmfu Ekiiawmfaumifpo@kd vtyf&ef?
f
dfH
dD
J$
txufygtwdi;f jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEkiiawmf pwkwt}udrf jynfoŒl
k
k dk S f
dfH
Î
v$wawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u aemufo;Hk vt=umwGif taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef
f
JG
qk;H jzwfcaomfvnf; 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wif ppfwyfrtm%modr;f ,lcum
hJ
S
G
S
hJ
atmufygtwki;f a=unmcsuxwjf yefc+hJ yD; vuf&a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siukd quf
d
f k
dS
JG
f
vufwm0efay;tyfconf?
hJ
Ek d i f i H a wmf j id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J Œ
a=unmcsuf t rS w f 1§88
1350 jynfEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (8) &uf?
h S
1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &uf?
S
1?
Ekiiawmfw0ef;vk;H wGif tbufbufrS ,d,i;f aeaomtajctaeudk tcserxe;f odr;f
dfH
k G
dfD d
Ekdif&eftwGuf jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;tusdK;iSg wyfrawmfonf atmufygvufiif;vkyfief;
wm0efrsm;udxrf;aqmif&ef ,ae@rpI Ekiiawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd vk;H 0wm0ef,vuonf?
k
S dfH
l dk f
(u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;fom,ma&;/
(c) vrf;yef;qufo,r_ vkòH cHacsmarG@apa&;/
G f
(*) jynforsm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukeóf ud;yrf;aqmif
l
&Guay;&efEifh yk*vu/ or0g,rwk@d aqmif&uEiatmifvnf; wwfEior# ulnD
f
S ~ d
G f dk f
f kd f
aqmif&uay;Ekia&;/
G f df
(C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
usi;f ya&;/
57

58. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
ygwDpkH'Drdka&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;t
aumiftxnfazmfEi&ef vuf&dS ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siukd
dk f
D Hk D kd
JG
f
qufvufxm;&Srnf?
d
3?
taxGaxGa≫aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefwGif tqifoifhjzpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfrSef
aom'Ddrdkua&pDudkvufcHusifhokH;rnfh ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrSpI jyifqifzGJŒpnf;
Eki=f uonf?
d
4?
txufygvyief;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&vy&m;ae=uaom tzGŒJ tpnf;
k f
dS _ f S
rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;ESifh &[ef;&Sivl jynfow&yfv;Hk u 0di;f 0ef;uln=D u&efwuwe;f ygonf?
f
l
k
dk f G
(ykH) apmarmif
AdvcsKyf}uD;
k f
Ekiiawmf_idr0yfyjd ym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
dfH
f
xk@d aemuf e0wonf 1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wif “Ekiia&;ygwrsm;
S
G
dfH
D
rSwywifjcif;Oya'” (e0w Oya'trSwf - 4§88) udvnf;aumif;/ 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &uf
f Hk
k
S
ae@wif “jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya'” (e0w Oya'trSwf - 14§89) udvnf;aumif;
G
$ f
JG
k
jyÏmef;cJonf?
h
a&G;aumufywi0ifa&muf,Oòf ydivaom Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u 1988 ckEp/f
JG G f
S f dk
dfH
D
S
pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@twGi;f ygwD
S
D
pk'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwif rSwywifc=hJ u&m Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ
H D kd
JG
f G
f Hk
dfH
D
tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ &Sconf?
d hJ
,if;od@k rwywifxm;onfh Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ teuf (93) zGŒJ om
S f Hk
dfH
D
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydic=hJ uonf?
h S
D Hk D dk
JG
S f
a&G;aumufyukd 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &uf ( 1352 ckEp/f e,kevqef; 4 &uf) we*FaEG
JG
hS
S
f
ae@Y wjynfv;Hk wòydieuf eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4)em&D twGi;f usi;f ycJonf?
f
h
rlvu a&G;aumufyusi;f y&ef rJqENe,f (492) e,fowfrwcaomfvnf; &Sr;f jynfe,frS
JG
S f hJ
uke;f =urf;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f/ em;zef;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f/ yef0i;f òrŒd
f
J
f
J
kd
e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f/ yef,ef;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f/ rdi;f armòrŒd e,f jynf
f
J
f
J
k
olŒv$wawmfrqENe,f/ refzef@ (oHvi) òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,fEifh ucsijf ynfe,frS
f
J
Gf
f
J
S
tif*se;f ,efòrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,fw@kd wif a&G;aumufyvyief;rsm; tcdseraqmif
f
J
G
JG k f
f D
&Gu&ef tcuftcJ&onftwGuf acwWqi;f iHvuojzifh rJqENe,f (485) e,fwiom a&G;aumuf
f
dS h
dk h kd f
Gf
yGrsm;usi;f yEkiconf?
J
d f hJ
58

59. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
pOf
jynfe ,f§
wdkif;
rlv owfr Sw f
òrdŒ e,f
xm;onfh
rJqENe ,f
a&G; aumufy GJ
usif; ycJho nfh
rJqENe ,f
,SOfò ydif
ta&G; cHo l
OD; a&
1?
ucsifjynfe,f
18
20
19
93
2?
u,m;jynfe,f
6
8
8
33
3?
u&ifjynfe,f
7
14
14
51
4?
csif;jynfe,f
9
13
13
55
5?
ppfui;f wki;f
kd d
38
58
58
242
6?
weoFm&Dwdkif;
10
13
13
45
7?
yJcl;wdkif;
28
51
51
255
8?
rauG;wdkif;
25
39
39
170
9?
rE Wav;wdkif;
29
56
56
297
10?
rGefjynfe,f
10
20
20
95
11?
&cdkifjynfe,f
17
26
26
152
12?
&efukefwdkif;
42
61
61
400
13?
&Srf;jynfe,f
52
62
56
204
14?
{&m0wDwdkif;
26
51
51
204
317
492
485
2296
pkp kaygif;
59

60. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcc&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udavhvmygu H hJ
f
kd f
f
k
(1) t+idr;f pm;wyfrawmft&m&Sd
- 42 - OD;
(2) t+idr;f pm;Ekii0efxrf;
d f hH
- 145 - OD;
(3) txufwef;a&SŒae§A[dw&m;±k;H a&SŒae
k
- 54 - OD;
(4) q&m0ef§orm;awmf
- 50 - OD;
(5) trdsK;orD;
- 15 - OD;
(6) tjcm;
- 179 - OD; jzpfa=umif;awGŒ&onf?
1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif xl;jcm;r_rsm;tjzpf &Sr;f wki;f
h S
D Hk D kd
JG G
d
&if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyi;f rlp,fòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif
kd
kd
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&ol pdi;f vSazonf jrefrmwjynfv;Hk wGif jynfovxaxmufcrJ
hJ
k
l l k
H
91³45 &mckiEe;f jzifh rJ&&Sr&mckiEe;f tjrifq;Hk pHcsewifconf?
df _
d _ df _
h
d f
hJ
rauG;wki;f ESihf weoFm&Dwi;f wk@d wif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwckwnf;rS v$wawmf
d
dk
G
dk
f
ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;u vk;H vk;H vsm;vsm; Edi&&Sconf?
k f
f
k f d hJ
&efuewi;f / c&rf;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@u
k f dk
S
D
tif;pdeaxmiftwGi;f tusO;f om;b0jzifh uG,veom;cJol OD;wifarmif0if;u trsKd ;om;'Dru
f
f Gf G h
kd
a&pDtzGJŒcsKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&m tpfudkt&if;jzpfol wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;
nDnwa&;ygwD (wpn) ud,pm;vS,avmif; OD;aZmf0if; (Ekiiawmfaumifp0ifa[mif;/ Advr;ª }u;D
G f
k f
f
dfH
D
k f
aZmf0if;) udtEki&cJjh cif;jzpf+yD; &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyi;f oDaygòrdŒe,frqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS a&G;
k df
f
kd
J
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (NLD) ud,pm;ðy jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
k f
awmfu,pm;vS,f pki;f atmifoef;ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyi;f rdi;f &,fòrdŒe,f rJqENe,frS a&G;
kd f
d
dk k
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (SNLD) ud,pm;ðy
d
kd
fk f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vS'ifw@kd rm om;tzt&if;rsm;jzpf=uonf?
f
kd f
S
60

61. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif
a&G;cs,fwifajrSSmufjcif;cHcJh&onfh trsdK;orD; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
pOf
t rn f
r Jq E Ne , f
E dki fi Ha & ;
t z GJΠt p n f;
1?
a ' :p de fw i f
a & $u l (u c si fj y n fe , f)
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
2?
e e f; c i fa x G; jr i fh
b m ;t H (3 )
(u & i fj y n fe , f)
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
3?
a ' :c i fp e f; v _di f
0 u fv u f (2 )
(p p fu dki f; w dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
4?
a ' :q , fq , f
c E WD; (p p fu dki f; w dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
5?
a ' :c i fa X ;ºu G, f
a c sm i f; q Hk (2 )
(r Ge fj y n fe , f)
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
6?
a ' :w i fa p m O D;
r k' Hk (1 ) (r Ge fj y n fe , f)
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
7?
a ' :a r òz d;
e r Rw l (& Sr f; jy n fe , f)
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
8?
a ' :p Ha r (c )
a & $u la r E Si f;
w dku f} u D; (2 )
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
9?
a ' :w m a r 0 i f; jr i fh
r & r f; u ke f; (2 )
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
10 ?
a ' :c i fa t ;jr i fh
& e fu i f; (& e fu ke fw dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
11?
a ' :p e f; p e f; 0 i f;
t v Hk (& e fu ke fw dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
12 ?
a ' :p e f; p e ;f
q dy fu r f;
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
13?
a ' :t ke f; =u n f
jr p fo m ; (1 )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
14?
a ' :a r E Si f; =u n f
r dk; u kw f (1 )
(r E Wa v ;w dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
15 ?
a ' :v Sv Sr dk; (1 4 / 3 /
9 8 a e @u G, fv Ge f)
r i f; v S( 2 ) (y Jc l; w dki f; )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
61

62. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a':atmifqef;pk=unftaejzifh aetdrtus,csKyfcae&pOf 1989 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (2)
f
f H
S
&ufae@wif A[ef;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,c&ef aumfr&Sio@kd trnf
G
fH
f
pm&if;wifoi;f cJaomfvnf; e0wrS óu;d udixm;onfh òrŒd e,fpaumfr&Siu wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD
G h
kf
k
f
k
!Gwa&;ygwD (wpn) .uef@uuvmukvufcI a':atmifqef;pk=unf. trnfpm&if;wif
f
G f $ d
H
oGi;f r_udk y,fcscojzifh a&G;aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydiEijf cif;r&Scyg?
hJ
JG G
S f kd
d hJ
(u) a&G ; aumuf y G J u sif ; yr_ t ajctae
(1) a&G;aumufyusi;f y&efowfrwxm;onfh rJqENe,faygi;f 492 e,f
JG
S f
(2) a&G;aumufyusi;f ycJonfh rJqENe,faygi;f
JG
h
485 e,f
(3) a&G;aumufyusi;f yEkionfh &mcdiEe;f
JG
df
kf _
98³58µ
(c) qEN r J a y;r_ t ajctae
(1) qENray;ydici&oO;D a&
J k f G hf dS l
(2) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a&
J
(3) qENray;r_&mcdiEe;f
J
kf _
20˜818˜313 OD;
15˜112˜524 OD;
72 59 µ
h
(*) ck d i f v k H a omqEN r J & &S d r _ t ajctae
(1) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a&
J
(2) &&Sonfh ckivaomqENrta&twGuf
d
d f Hk
J
(3) ckivaomqENr&&Sr&mckiEe;f
d f Hk
J d _ df _
15˜112˜524 OD;
13˜253˜606 rJ
87 7 µ
›
(C) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ tajctae
(1) vma&mufqENray;olO;D a&
J
(2) ckivaom qENr&&Sonfta&twGuf
d f Hk
J d h
(3) y,fr/J aysmufr/J xyfrJ ta&twGuf
(4) &&Sonfh qENrrsm;teuf y,fr/J aysmufr/J xyfrJ &mcdiEe;f
d
J
kf _
15˜112˜524 OD;
13˜253˜606 rJ
1˜858˜918 rJ
12 3 µ
›
(i) v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;,S O f ò yd i f r _ t ajctae
(1) ,SOòf ydionfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f
f
kd f
f
2296 OD;
(2) ygwtzG@J tpn;frsm;udu,pm;ðyI,SOòf ydionfh
D
k dkf f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f
kd f
f
2209 OD;
62

63. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(3) woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
~
f
kd f
f
(4) ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udu,pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf
D
k kd f
,SOòf ydionfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;&mckiEe;f
f
f
kd f
f
df _
(5) woD;yk*v v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;&mckiEe;f
~
f
kd f
f
df_
87 OD;
96 21 µ
›
3 79 µ
›
(p) v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;. a&G ; aumuf c H & r_ t ajctae
(1) ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;udu,pm;jyKI ,SOòf ydionfh
D
k kd f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f
kd f
f
2209 OD;
(2) ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udu,pm;ðyI a&G;aumuf
D
k kd f
wifajr‡mufc&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,O;D a&
H
f
kd f
f
479 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&r_&mckiEe;f
H
df _
21 68 µ
›
(q) woD ; yk * ~ v v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;. a&G ; aumuf c H & r_ t ajctae
(1) yg0if,Oòf ydionfh woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a& 87 OD;
S f
~
f
kd f
f
(2) a&G;aumufwifajrSmufjcif;cH&onfh
woD;yk*vv$wawmfu,pm;vS,O;D a&
~
f
kd f
f
6 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&r_&mckiEe;f
H
df _
6²9µ
(Z) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. ckdifvkHaomqENrJ
&SpfykHwykHESifhtxuf&&Sdr_tajctae
(1) ,SOòf ydionfvwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f h $ f
kd f
f
(2) ckivaomqENrJ &SpywykEitxuf&&Sonfh
d f Hk
f Hk H S hf
d
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f
kd f
f
(3) &mcdiEe;f
kf _
(4) ckivaomqENrJ &Spywykatmuf&&Sonfh
d f Hk
f Hk H
d
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;OD;a&
f
kd f
f
(5) &mckiEe;f
df _
2296 OD;
1049 OD;
45 ² 69µ
1247 OD;
54 ² 31 µ
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydionfh Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;
D Hk D kd
JG
S f
dfH
D
(93) zGŒJ teuf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f tenf;qk;H wOD;ESitxufa&G;aumufwifajrmufc&aom
f
kd f
hf
‡ H
Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf; (27) zGŒJ rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&onf&v'frm wbufygtwki;f jzpf
kfH
D
H
h
S
d
onf?
63

64. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
pOf
Edki fi Ha &;ygwD
1? trsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
kd
,SO fò ydi fa om tEdki f& aom
rJq ENe ,f
rJq ENe ,f
tEkdi f& &Sdr _
&mcdki fE _e f;
447
392
80 ² 82
·2? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;'Dru a&pDt zG@J csKyf
k
kd
58
23
4 ² 74
·3? &cdi' r ua&pDt zGŒJ csKyf
k f D kd
25
11
2 ² 27
414
10
2 ² 06
19
5
1 ² 03
trsdK;om;vl@ tcGifhta&;
'Drdku &ufw pfy gwD
8
4
0 ² 82
·7? csif;trsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13
3
0 ² 62
9
3
0 ² 62
3
3
0 ² 62
15
3
0 ² 62
4
2
0 ² 41
4? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
·5? rGet rsdK;om;'Dru a&pDtzGŒJ
f
kd
6?
·8?
ucsifjynfe,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDuGe f*&uf
9? trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDy gwD
·10?
jynfaxmifp k ytd0 trsdK;om;rsm;
k f
tzGJ@ csKyf
·11? Zdr;D trsdK;om;uGe* &uf
k
f
·12?
em*awmifwef;a'o
wd;k wufa&;ygwD
6
2
0 ² 41
·13?
u,m;jynfe ,f vlrsdK;aygif;pHk
'Dru a&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8
2
0 ² 41
·14?
watmif; (yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9
2
0 ² 41
·15?
u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD
!Gw fa&;a&; 'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@
3
2
0 ² 41
64

65. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
16? 'Dru a&pDy gwD
kd
105
1
0 ² 21
10
1
0 ² 21
3
1
0 ² 21
·19? u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf
3
1
0 ² 21
·20? &Srf;jynfu dk;uef@ 'Dr dku&ufwpfy gwD
2
1
0 ² 21
4
1
0 ² 21
·22? ureftrsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDt zG@J csKyf
d kd
3
1
0 ² 21
·23? r&mjynfo l@ ygwDd(r-y-y)
4
1
0 ² 21
jynfaxmifp trsdK;om;rsm;
k
'Drkdu a&pDy gwD
247
1
0 ² 21
17?
'Drdku &ufw pf wuUodkvfbGJŒ&ESifh
ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J
18? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
·21?
24?
jynfaxmifp k "EktrsdK;om;'Dr ua&pD
kd
tzGJ@ csKyf
·25?
òrd (ac: ) crDtrsdK;om;nDnGw fa&;
tzGJ@ (r-c-r-n-z)
4
1
0 ² 21
·26?
vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@òzd;wkd;
wufa&;ygwD
7
1
0 ² 21
·27?
jynfaxmifp wi;f &if;om;vlr sdK;rsm;
k dk
'Dru a&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4
1
0 ² 21
87
6
1 ² 24
- woD;yk* ~v
65

66. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
· wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r d s K;pk y gwD t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;//
1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf jrefrmEkiiwif usi;f y+y;D cJor#
hS
D Hk D kd
JG
dfH G
h
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;Y rJay;r_&mcdiEe;f trsm;qk;H a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonfjh yif
D Hk D kd
GJ
kf_
jrefrmhordi;f wGif ygwta&twGutrsm;qk;H a&G;aumufy0ifconfh a&G;aumufyvnf;jzpfonf?
k
D
f
JG hJ
JG
jrefrmhEiia&;orki;f wGif wygwpepfrS ygwppepfo@kd wacwfajymif;a&G;aumufyEihf jrefrmh
dk f H
d
D
D Hk
JG S
orki;f Yusi;f ycJonfh ygwppepfa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif aoG;xGuo,r/_ t=urf;zufr_ tuif;&Si;f qk;H
d
h
D Hk
JG
f H kd
ESifh tr#wqk;H a&G;aumufytjzpf rSwwrf;wifEiconf?
JG
f
kd f hJ
ESpaygi;f 30 twGi;f yxrqk;H t}urusi;f ycJonfh 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
f
df
h
hS
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,faygi;f (485) e,f
kd
f
J
&Sonfteuf rJqENe,f (392) e,fwif tjywftowftEki&atmifycc+hJ y;D &mckiEe;f tm;jzif(80)
d h
G
df
JG H
df_
h
&mckiEe;f ausmtEki&&Sconf?
df _
f fd f d hJ
e0wu 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@wif Oya'trSwf - 14§89 jzifjh yÏmef;cJonfh
S
G
h
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' / tcef; (2) “v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;” yk'r (3) Y “v$wawmfukd
f
JG
f
f
f
rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh
hf
‡
dk f
f
dk f
f
zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”[k twdtvif;azmfjyxm;+yD;/ xko@kd zŒJG pnf;rnfvwawmfonf ,if;Oya'yk'r (2)/
d
h $ f
f
yk'rcGJ (u) Y “v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfuac:onf” [k &Si;f vif;zGiqxm;&m
f
f
dk
S
f
kd
hf dk
1990 jynfEp/f arva&G;aumufyYtEdi&&Sconfh trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf tcsKyftcsm
hS
JG k f d hJ
kd
tm%mydionfh jynfo@l vwawmfuz@JG pnf;Ekicihf &S&rnfrm rnfor# tjiif;ryGm;Ekionftcsuf
kf
$ f
kd
dfG d
S
l
df h
jzpfonf?
1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv (27) &ufae@wif e0wu a=unmcsutrSw-1§90udk xkwjf yefchJ
hS
dk f
G
f
f
&m ,if;a=unmcsutyd'f (12) Y jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yk'r -3wGif “v$wawmfukd
f k
f
JG
f
f
rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnDa&G;aumufwifajrmuf vkuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh
fh
‡
d f
f
dk f
f
zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [kjyÏmef;yg&onf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEitnD v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf
Sd
f S hf
f
kfH
+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒuaqmif&Gufay;rnf[k wkdif;jynfokd@ twdtvif;xkwfjyef
a=unmcJonf? xk@d jyif ,if;a=unmcsutyd'f (20) Y “xk@d jyif ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;u
h
f k
l
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaomud,pm;vS,rsm;onf tem*wf'rua&pDEiiawmfzŒJG pnf;ykH
dk f
k f
f
D kd
fkd f H
tajccHOya'uda&;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&onfh yk*K~ vrsm;jzpfonf” [kazmfjyxm;onf?
k
dS
d f
txufygtwdi;f e0wrSxwjf yefonfh Oya'ESifh a=unmcsursm;wGif jynfo@l vwawmf
k
k
f
$ f
twGuf a&G;aumufyðJG yvkycjhJ cif;udk twdtvif;azmfjyxm;ygvsuf umuG,a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ppfr
f
f
[mAsL[mavhvma&;±k;H rS 'kw,Advr;ª }u;D vSrif;a&;om;onfh “jrefrmEkii. Ekiia&;tajctae
d k f
dfH dfH
ESihf a'otwGi;f jrefrmEkii.tcef;u¾” pmwrf;wGif “wyfrawmftpd;k &/ xktcseu Ekiiawmf
fd f H
d df dfH
+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Ekiiawmfwm0efu,c+hJ y;D aemuf wygwq&,vpfpepfEihf
df
dfH
kd l
D dk S f
S
qk&,vpfp;D yGm;a&;pepfw@dk u&yfqi;f um ygwp'rua&pDpepfEihf aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;pepftoGio@kd
dS f
kd dk
D Hk D kd
S
f
f
ul;ajymif;usio;Hk a&;udaqmif&uconf? Tod@k aom=um;umvtwGi;f pD;yGm;a&;u¾wGif aps;
hf
k
G f hJ
uGup;D yGm;a&;pepfukd pwifxaxmifum Ekiia&;u¾wGirl ygwp'rua&pDpepfEihf vkuavsm
f
l
dfH
f
D Hk D dk
S d f
66

67. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
nDaxG+y;D jynfwi;f &Sd wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H twGuf +ir;f csr;f a&;ESifh wnf+irf at;csr;f a&;tmrcH
G
d
d
d
ay;Ekdifrnfh zGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'opfw&yfay:xGufvma&;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufcJhonf?
T&nf&,csujf zifh 1990 ckEp/f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfygonf? xka&G;aumufy.
G f
S
JG
d
JG
wckwnf;aomOD;wnfcsurm zG@J pnf;yktajccHOya'opfw&yf. rl=urf;udk 0di;f 0ef;a&;qG=J urnfh
f S
H
k
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;cs,f&efjzpfonf? “[kt&SufrJhpGmajAmifvdrfnmI a&G; aumufyGJudk
ykzsuconfuawG@&onf?
H f hJ
kd
e0w§etzrS rnfo@kd yifa&G;aumufy&v'f aysmufu,&ef/ ao;odr&ef/ arS;rde&eftwGuf
JG
G f
f
Sf
óud;pm;cJaomfvnf; jrefrmjynforsm;ESifh EkiiwumrS todtrSwðf y/ av;pm;wef;zd;k xm;cJ=h u
h
l
dfH
onfjh yif urBmuvor*~ rS 1990 jynhEp/f arv a&G;aumufy&v'fukd av;pm;wef;zd;k xm;
h k
f S
JG
taumiftxnfazmf&ef qk;H jzwfwuwe;f cJonfrm (12) ESpf wkicjhJ yDjzpfonf?
dk f G h
S
df
1990 jynfEpf ygwDp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG &v'fEifh ywfoufI jrefrmEdiiH tay:
hS
Hk D dk
S
kf
urBmuvor*~ taxGaxGnvmcH. qH;jzwfcsufrsm;rS aumufEwcsufrsm;
h k
D
k
k f
1990 jynfEpwif usi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf G
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef ‚if;wd@k &nf&,a=umif; jrefrmtpd;k &onf
k
f
h
k
G f
G f
urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcHEihf urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;od@k tmrcHxm;onfukd
h k
D
S
h k
jyefvnfowdðy trSw&vsuf æ
f
(1991 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 17 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~ taxGaxGnvmcH qH;jzwf
S
f S f
h k
D
k
csuf trSwf 46 / 132 rS aumufEkwfcsuf)
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf 4if;wd@k . uwday;xm;
k
f
h
k
G f
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
_ d
f l
(1992 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 18 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*taxGaxGnvmcH qH;
S
f S f
h k
D
k
jzwf csuf trSwf 47 / 144 rS aumufEwcsu)
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k . uwday;xm;r_
k
f
h
k
G f
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
_ d
f l
(1993 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 20 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH qH;
S
f S f
h k
D
k
jzwfcsuf trSwf 48 / 150 rS aumufEwcsu)
k f f
67

68. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&S@&onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
_
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
k
f
h
k
G f
rsm;tm; taumif txnfaz:aqmifr_ r&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
d
f l
(1994 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 23 &ufaeŒwGif csrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH qH;k
S
S f
h k
D
jzwfcsuf trSwf 49 / 197 rS aumufEwcsu)
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
k
f
h
k
G f
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
_ d
f l
(1995 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 22 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH; jzwfcsuf trSwf 50 / 194 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
k
f
h
k
G f
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifr_ r&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
d
f l
(1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 12 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~ taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH; jzwfcsuf trSwf 51 / 117 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;
k
f
h
k
G f
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
_ d
f l
(1997 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 12 &ufaeŒwGif csrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 52 / 137 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;t& 'Drua&pDpepfqo@kd a&Sα_onfh
hSf Gf
h
JG
kd
D
vdtyfaomvkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;
k
f
h
k
G f
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefvsuf æ
_ d
f l
( 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 9 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 53 / 162 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
tajctaet&yf&yfwif tcgtm;avsmpmay;xm;cJonftmrcHcsursm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;
G
fG
h h
f
h G
pm;vsuf 1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif azmfjycJonfh jynfol
h S f Gf
h
kd
JG
h
rsm;. qENoabmxm;ESitnD 'Drua&pDpepfjyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;qDo@kd a&Sα_O;D wnfonfh
hf
kd
vkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udk aqmif&utaumiftxnfaz:&ef/ xd&nfre;f csuyef;wdio@kd aESmifh
f
h
G f
k
S
f
kf
68

69. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
aES;=uef@=umr_r&Sbaqmif&u&ef / a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if Ediia&;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf
d J
G f
kfH
wdi;f &if;om;ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh cdirmxda&mufonfh Ediia&;awGŒqHaqG;aEG; !SEi;f r_w&yfðy
k
k f
f
kf
kfH
k
d _d
vky&ef jrefrmtpd;k &udk jyif;jyif;xefxefwuwe;f onf? xdtajctaewGif jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
kd f G
k
f
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDwnf&aer_ukd *±kxm;todtrSwðf yonf?
k f
dS
( 1999 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 17 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 54 / 186 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
urBmuvor*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;ESitnD/ vl@tcGita&;rsm;ESihf tm;vH;k twGuf tajccH
h k
hf
hf
vGwvyfcirsm;tm; av;pm;vduemr_ukd urBmuvor*~onf jr‡iwifay;jcif;ESihf tm;ay;jcif;/
f
G hf
k f
h k
hf
tpdk;&tm%m.tajccHonf jynfolrsm;.qENoabmxm;jzpfonf[k tjynfjynfqdkif&m
vl@tcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;wGif az: jyxm;onfukd tav;*&kðyonf? xd@k a=umifh 1990 jynfh
hf
ESpfwGifusif;ycJhonfh a&G;aumufyGJ&v'frsm;t& 'Drdkua&pDpepfqDodk@a&Sα_onfh vdktyfaom
vkyief;tqifrsm;tm;vH;k udaqmif&u&ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf 4if;wd@k . uwday;xm;r_rsm;tm;
f
h
k
G f
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr&Sao;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryyefa=umif;az: jyvsuf æ
_ d
f l
(2000 jynfEp/f 'DZifbmv 4 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
hS
f S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 55 / 112 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJonfh 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufywif az: jycJonfh jynforsm;.
h S f Gf
h
kd
JG G
h
l
qENoabmxm;ESitnD 'Drua&pDpepfwnfaqmufjcif;udaocsmap&ef vufqyvufuijf yEdif
hf
kd
k
kf
kd k
onfh taqmwv#ita&;,laqmif&urrsm;aqmif&u&ef/ xd&nfre;f csuyef;wdio@kd a&muf&dS
f
G f _
G f
k
S
f
kf
&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEihf pwifðyvkyae
kd
S
f
onfh aqG;aEG;r_rsm;udk wd;k csŒJ &ef/ trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf 'Drua&pDpepfjyefvnfwnf
kd
axmifEia&;&nfre;f csursm;jzifh ppfre+f yD; cdirmonfawGŒqHaqG;aEG;yGwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf
kd f
S
f
S
kf
h
k
J G kfH
D
wdi;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifr&ap&ef/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf tpd;k
k
_ dS
kfH
D
&r[kwaomtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. vGwvyfpmv_y&m;aqmif&uEiciutmrcH&ef jrefrmtpd;k &udk
f
f G fS
G f kd f G hf kd
tjyif;txefwuwe;f onf? xdtajctaewGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD wnf&dS
kd f G
k
G f
kd f
aer_ukd *±kxm; todtrSwðf yonf?
( 2001 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 24 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 56 /231 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
jrefrmEkiiwif 'Drua&pDjyefvnfxe;f um;vmap&efEihf 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'fukd
d f H G kd
G
S
hS
JG
tjrefq;Hk taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef jrefrmtpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmawmif;qkvuonf// 'Dru
G
d dk f
kd
a&pDEifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udO;D wnfaprnfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if tjcm;
S
k
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESifh awGŒqkaqG;aEG;r_ukd aESmifaES;=uef@=umatmif
kd
H
h
69

70. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ðyvkyaer_uvnf; jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf? xk@d tjyif awGŒqkaqG;aEG;r_tqifukd apmEkior#
f
kd
G
f dk f
H
h
df
apmatmifvyoif+h yD; aqG;aEG;yGrsm;Y tjcm;Ediia&;orm;rsm;ESifh wki;f &if;om;tzGŒJ rsm;udk ud,f
kf
J
kfH
d
k
pm;ðyonfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;udvnf; zdwac:&rnf[k jrefrmtpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmawmif;qkd
k f
f
k
f
G
vkuonf?
d f
( 2002 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv 18 &ufaeŒwGicsrwonfh urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH
S
f S f
h k
D
qH;jzwfcsuf trSwf 57 / 231 rS aumufEwcsu)
k
k f f
rSwywifconfh Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ teuf (93) zGŒJ a&G;aumufywif
f Hk hJ
dfH
D
JG G
0ifa&muf,Oòf yic=hJ uaomfvnf; tcsKd ŒygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udk e0w§etzrS ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jy
S df
D
zsuor;f cJojzifh ,cktcgEiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf; (10) ckom atmufygtwdi;f w&m;0if&yfwnf
f d h
dk f H
D
k
cGi&awmhonf?
hf dS
(1) trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
dk
(2) &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
d
dk
(3) wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w&;ygw?
d
G f
D
(4) jynfaxmifpytk0trsKd ;om;tzGŒJ csKyf?
k d f
(5) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'ru&ufwpfygw?
D dk
D
(6) òrd (ac: ) crDtrdsK;om;nDnwa&;tzGŒJ ?
G f
(7) vm;[ltrdsK;om;zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufa&;ygw?
D
(8) ud;k uef@'rua&pDEin!wa&;ygw?
D kd
S hf D G f
D
(9) jynfaxmifpk u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf?
(10) “0”trsKd ;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw?
D
vuf&w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&aom Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf; (10) zGŒJ udk ud,pm;ðyonfh
dS
f dS
dfH
D
k f
trsm;pk wki;f &if;om;vlrsd K;pktvduf cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmrnfqygu d
k
dk
(1) jrefrm
- 2 zGŒJ
(2) u&if
- 1 zGŒJ
(3) òrd (ac: ) crD (&ckijf ynf) - 1 zGŒJ
d
(4) &Sr;f
- 6 zGŒJ
æ jzpfa=umif;awGŒ&onf?
&Sr;f 6 zGŒJ wGif &Sr;f jynfvrsd K;pk ud;k uef@w±kwvrsKd ;rsm;udk ESpzŒJG w&m;0if&yfwnfciay;xm;+y;D
l
f l
f
G hf
yavmifvrsKd ;pkygwukd zsuor;f ypfca=umif;awGŒ&onf?
l
D
f d
hJ
e0w§etzrS a&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemufyi;f wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trsm;tjym;
kd
f
kd f
f
udk enf;rsKd ;pkjH zifh w&m;Oya'rJh xkwy,fjcif;/ Ekwxuapjcif;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/
f
f G f
axmifcsjcif; wk@d uðkd yvkyvmcJonf?
f
h
atmufazmfjyyg jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,(28) OD;rSm ,ckwif tusO;f axmifrsm;
$ f
kd f
f
dk
twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&qJjzpfonf?
70

71. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
Edki fi Ha &;yg wDt zGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;apmvd_if
tif;awmf
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
2? 'kw d,Adkv frª;}uD; ausmfqef; (+idr f;)
wef@ qnf (2)
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? a'gufw mjrifEif
h kd
4? OD;wd;k ydk
5? OD;tke;f armif
6? OD;pd;k jrifh
uef@ bvl (2) ppfu i;f wdi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
fkd k
kd
a&jzL weoFm&Dw i;f
kd
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
anmifav;yif (1) yJcl;wdi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
rif;bl; (1) rauG;wdi;f
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;tkef;óudif (atmif0ifh)
rE Wav;ta&SŒawmif (2)
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
8? a'gufw m aZmfjrifarmif
h
tr&yl& (1) rE av;wdi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
W
fk
kd
9? OD;a,mpD
ylw mtdk - ucsifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;Edi;f Eki;f
k d
ykZGefawmif -&efuke fwi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
fkd
kd
11? OD;pde vO;D
f S
tif;pdef(2) - &efuew i;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k f kd
kd
12? a'gufw mar0if;jrifh
r&ef;uke f;(2)-&efu kefwdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
13? a'gufw moef;+idr f;
ausmfwef;(1)-&efuke fwi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
kd
14? OD;cifarmifaqG
prf;acsmif; - &efu kefwi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
kd
15? OD;ausmfcif
awmif}uD; - &Srf;jynfe ,f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
16? cGejf rifxe ;f
h G
oxHk (1) - rGe fjynfe,f
17? OD;0if;jrifatmif
h
'DyJ, if; (2)- ppfui;f wdi;f trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd k
kd
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
18? a'gufw mrif;pd;k vif;
a&;(1) - rGe fjynfe,f
rGetrsdK;om;'Dru a&pDtzG@J
f
kd
19? a'gufw mrif;=unf0if;
rk'Hk (2) - rGe fjynfe,f
rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdku a&pDtzGJŒ
20? OD;wifatmifatmif
rE Wav; taemufajrmuf
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
(1)/ rE av;wdi;f
W
k
21? OD;wifx GËfOD;
v,fa0; (1)
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
22? Od;ay:cif
jrif;+cH (1)
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
23? OD;bdkZH
ausmufy ef;awmif; (1)
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
24? OD;jrifh=unf
uomòrdŒe,f
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
25? a':arESif;=unf
rdk;ukwf (1)
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
26? a'gufw mvSpdk;!¸ef@
pOfhudkif (2)
rE av;wdi;f
W
k
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
27? OD;bmwm
jrif;rl (1)
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
28? OD;ode;f ZH
aumvif;òrdŒe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
71

72. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ppftm%m&Sivufatmuf rSeuefrr&Sonfh Oya'a&;&mtpDtpOfEihf &ufpuf=urf;ñuwf
f
f _ d
S
onfh w&m;pD&ifrpepf.om;aumiftjzpf uG,veom;cJ=h u&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
_
f G f G
f
kd f
vS,f (3) OD;&Sconf?
d hJ
(1) OD ; wif a rmif 0 if ;
&efuewi;f / c&rf;ðr@d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfo@l vwf
k f dk
kd
$
awmfu,pm;vS,/f /
kd f
1990 jynfEp/f atmufwbmvwGif e-0-w. zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&+yD;/ ppfaxmufvr;f a&;
h S
kd
hJ
S
rsm;.n‡O;f yrf;ESypufra=umifh 1991 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (18) &ufae@u tifpeaxmifwi;f Y uG,vef
df _
S
D
df
G
f G
cJonf//
h
(2) OD;vSoef;
&efuewi;f / ud;k ud;k u|e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,f/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f dk
kd
f
f
ud,pm;vS,?
k f
f
OD;bbGm;aetdrEihf rE av;taemufawmifðr@d e,f/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwiðf yvkyf
fS W
kd
G
onfh ,m,Dtpd;k & zGŒJ pnf;a&; v#Kd Œ0Sutpnf;ta0;rsm;od@k wufa&mufcr[ta=umif;jyum 1990
f
hJ _ k
jynfEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &ufae@wif e-0-wrS zrf;qD;cJ+h y;D 1991 ckEp/f {+yvwGif ppfc±;Hk wif
hS
dk
G
S
D
Hk
w&m;pGqI tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (25)ESpf tjypfay;cHc&onf// 1996 ckEp/f ZGevwGif &efuef
J dk
hJ
S
f
k
jynfoŒl aq;±k}H uD;/ tusO;f om;aqmifwif aq;ukor_cae&mrS 1996 ckEp/f =o*kwv (2) &ufae@
G
H
S
f
wGif Ekiia&;tusO;f om;b0jzifh ,if;aq;±kYuG,veconf?
dfH
H
f G f hJ
(3) OD ; apm0if ; (c) OD ; ausmf a Zmvif ;
rauG;wki;f / xD;vif;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
kd
f
ud,pm;vS,/f /
k f
- &efueov#iwwm;pDrue;f twGuf ysO;f rem;rS xkw,xm;aom opfrsm;tm;
k f H f H
H d
f l
pDrue;f od@k o,fay;&ef ud,pm;vS,tjzpf aqmif&uaepOf opfay;oGi;f &efysuuuonf[qum
H d
k f
f
G f
f G f
k dk
e-0-wrS ‚if;tm; 1963 ckEp/f trsm;ESioufqiaom ypPn;f umuG,apmifa&Smufa&; Oya'/
S
hf
dk f
f
h
yk'r (3) jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJ&mrS 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (7)&ufae@wif om,m0wDaxmif
f
h
S
f
G
twGi;f Y uG,veconf?
f G f hJ
xk@d jyif e0w§etz. tusO;f axmif/ xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfa*[m) rsm;wGif zrf;qD;
h
xde;f odr;f cHc&+yD;/ xde;f odr;f cH&pOf vkavmuf/ xda&mufonfaq;0g;ukor_rcHc&I jyefvnfvwf
hJ
H
h
hJ
G
ajrmuf+y;D r=umrD uG,veom;=uol jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;vnf;&Sonf?
f Gf G
f
kd f
f
d
&efuewi;f / xef;wyifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,frS trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
k f dk
kd
72

73. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
OD;at;omatmif
twGi;a&;rª;
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;jyKaumfrwD
f
dk f
· pD tm yD yD &JŒ &nf&,csufuawmh ESpcsuf&w,f?
G f
f dS
· v$wawmfay:aygufa&;twGuf aqmif&ur,f?
f
G f
· v$wawmf ray:aygufrD pyf-um;rSm v$wawmfuoŒkd aqmif±ur,f?
f
f
hJ
G f
· 'Dwm0ef ESpfckaygh?
· 'Dwm0ef ESpfckudk pD tm yD yD taeeJŒ qufvufaqmif&GufrSmyg?
24=10=2002 &ufae‹ 'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrmhtoHESifhtifwmAsL; rS æ
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifuukd rSm xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; (etz tac:{nfa*[m) rS jyefvwvm+y;D
kd f
kd
h
G f
aetdrwif aq;ukoae&mrS 1999 ckEp/f arv (30) &ufae@wiu,veconf?
f G
S
G f G f G f hJ
{&m0wDwi;f / ykortaemufòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy.
dk
df
kd
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ausmrif; (Adoum) rSmtusO;f axmifrvwajrmufvmjyD;
f
kd f
f
k
S G f
&efuejf ynfoŒl aq;±k}H u;D wGif aq;ukor_cae&mrS 1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (1) &ufae@wif aq;&kay: Y
k
H
S
dk f
G
H
1996 ckEp/f arvrS 1998 ckEp/f arv txd tif;pdeaxmifwif tusO;f usc&pOfu ul;pufconfh
S
S
f
G
H
hJ
tonf;a&mif tom;0g (bD) a&m*gjzifu,veconf//
h G f G f hJ
rauG;wki;f / apwkw&mòrŒd e,f rJqENe,frS trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
W
kd
f
f
ud,pm;vS,f OD;tH=h unfrm 1998 ckEpxwif trSwf (15) axmufvr;f a&;wyfrS acsmufòrd@
k f
S
S f J G
S
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; (etz tac: {nfa*[m) wGif ac:,lxe;f odr;f xm;&m use;f rma&;ðypkapmifh
h
d
a&Smufrnzsi;f vSI use;f rma&;tajctae,d,i;f vmojzifh 1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&v (17) &uf
_ hH
dk G
S
fD
ae@wGif jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJhrS aetdrfodk@jyefykd@cHcJh&+yD; r=umrD
apwkw&mòrdŒaetdrwif uG,veom;cJonf?
W
f G
f Gf G h
73

74. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ucsifjynfe,f
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;wifjrifh
umrdkif;òrd@e,fr JqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
2? OD;*sDabmifvSef;
csDaAGòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdk;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? ODrzef;qif
ac:bl' Jòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif
aqmhavmfòrd@e,frJqENe,f
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
5? OD;aZmftde f
qGrfy &mbGrfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f
ucsifjynftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef* &uf
6? OD;tif0rfcrfaZmfaxmf12
wEdkif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;trfqifqm;&f
aemifrGefòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
8? OD;a,mpD
ylwmtdkòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
9? OD;ykaxG;(c) Aef;armf!dkE GJ@
Aef;armfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
10? OD;jrarmif
jrpf}uD;em;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
11? OD;OD;Aspfwl;
jrpf}uD;em;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
ucsifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGefu&uf
12? OD;xGe f;=unf
rdk;aumif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
13? OD;ausmfarmif
rdk;!Sif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
14? OD;=umjr
rdk;!Sif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
15? OD;aomif;aiG
rdk;armufòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
16? OD;a*stefaemfvm
rHp Dòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
17? OD;tifeef;*ef
rcsrf;abmòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
18? a':pdefwif
a&$ulòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? 'l0 gOD;aZmfatmif
0dkif;armfòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
u,m;jynfe,f
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;cifarmifcsdK
'Darmqd;k òrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
u,m;jynfe,fvrsdK;aygif;pH'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf
l
k D kd
2? OD;Apfwmav;
'Darmqd;k òrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
u,m;jynfe,fvrsdK;aygif;pH'rua&pDtzG@J csKyf
l
k D kd
3? OD;apmOD;&,f
z±lqòkd rd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4? OD;apmwm±l;xl;
zmaqmif;òrd@ e,frqENe,f
J
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
k
5? OD;atmifodef;
abmvcJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
6? OD;atmifwif
&Sm;awmòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;bd;k oif;
vGKd ifaumfòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8? OD;w,f&D;bl;&D
vGKd ifaumfòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
74

75. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
u&ifjynfe,f
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;ref;òrdifat;
aumhu&dwfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;Ediaomif;&Sif
kf
aumhu&dwfòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
rGe trsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J
f
kd
3? OD;vSarmif
=umtif;qdy }f uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
rsdK;cspf&abmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J
J
4? OD;usifoe ;f
d
=umtif;qdy }f uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2) trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
f
kd
5? OD;atmifoef;
zmyGefòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;bat;
zmyGe òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;apmcspfo ef;
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,fr Swf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;xGe f;cspf
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,fr Swf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? eef;cifaxG;jrifh
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr qENE ,ftrSwf(3)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;pde fA dkvf
jr0wDòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
11? OD;apmxGe;f az
v_i;f bGòJ rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(1)
d
f
u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;tzG@J csKyf
12? OD;apmxGe;f vGif
v_i;f bGòJ rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(2)
d
f
u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;tzG@J csKyf
13? OD' tm&fy Daomif;
oHawmifòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(2)
f
u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;'Drua&pDtzG@J
kd
14? OD;apmApfwmuvduf
k
oHawmifòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
csif;jynfe,f
pOf
trnf
rJqENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;vde;f [m
uefyufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,f
wdi;f &if;om;pD;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
kd
2? OD;iifxef
h
wD;wdeòf rd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? OD;yl;usif&i;f xef
h S
wD;wdefòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
Zdr;D trsdK;om;ud*&uf
k
k
4? OD;wmxefvsef;aygif
wGef;ZHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
Zdr;D trsdK;om;ud*&uf
k
k
5? a'gufwmr_xef
xefwvefòrd@e,frJqENe,f
woD;yk*~v
6? OD;ausmfxGef;
yvuf0òrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;axG;atmif
yvuf0òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8? OD;pDauwduuvf
k f JG
zvrf;òrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
csif;trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
9? a'gufwmZvS,fxef;
zvrf;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
csif;trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;±kdtkyf
rwlyDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
r&mjynfol@ ygwD(r-y-y)
11? OD;a&$xef;
rwlyòD rd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? OD;&Seazvde;f
d f
rif;wyfòrd@e,frJqENe,f
csif;trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13? OD;v#eftyf
k
[m;cg;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
woD;yk*~v
75

76. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ppfui;f wdi;f
kd k
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;cifarmifoef;
ueDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
2? OD;oef@Zif
ueDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? OD;'dkaxmif;
uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;odef;0if;
uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;wifarmif
uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
6? OD;jrifh=unf
uomòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;odef;ZH
aumvif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;odef;az
uef@bvlòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
woD;yk*~v
9? OD;jrifhEdkif
uef@bvlòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
10? OD;}uD;armif
u|ef;vSòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
11? OD;cifarmifodef;
cifOD;rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
12? OD;aomif;jrifh
cifOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
13? OD;tH=unf
acsmif;OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
14? a':q,fq,f
cEDW;òrd@ e,frqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
15? OD;cspfcdkif
igef;ZGefòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
16? OD;csdKv_dif
igef;ZGefòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
17? OD;pdk;odef;
ppfudkif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
18? OD;cifarmifaqG
ppfudkif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? OD;cifarmif=unf
qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
20? OD;pdef&H
qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
21? OD;axmifcdkxef;
wrl;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
22? OD;ausmfqef;
wef@qnfòrd@ e,frJENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
23? OD;azoef;
wef@qnfòrd@ e,frJENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? OD;ausmf0if;
xD;csdKifhòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
25? OD;bdkarmif
'DyJ,if;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
26? OD;0if;jrifhatmif
'DyJ,if;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
27? OD;ausmfarmif
eef;,Gef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!wa&;ygwD
G f
28? OD;oef;pdef
ykvJòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? a'gufwmwifhaqG
ykvJòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
30? OD;jrat;
yif;vnfbl;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
31? OD;atmifaomif;
azmif;jyifòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
32? OD;b+idrf;
Aef;armufòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
33? OD;[Homjrifh
bkwvifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
34? OD;cifarmifat;
bkwvifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
35? OD;=unfpdk;
rHk&Gmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
76

77. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
36? OD;apmatmif
rHk&Gmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
37? OD;bdk
rif;uif;òrd@e,frJENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? OD;bmbm
jrif;rlòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;wifaiG
jrif;rlòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;0if;&Sdef
ajrmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
woD;yk*~v
41? OD;rif;oGif
ajrmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? OD;wifarmif0if;
armfvdkufòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? OD;Adkvfaomif;
,if;rmyifòrd@,fe,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
44? OD;wifxGef;atmif
,if;rmyifòrd@,fe,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;oef;atmifaX;
a&OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
46? OD;0if;udk
a&OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
47? OD;atmifbdk
a&$bdkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
48? OD;oef;xGef;
a&$bdkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
49? OD;cydk;udkifvHk
v[,fòrd@e,frJqENe,f
em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD
50? OD;a'G;aygh
av&SD;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD
51? OD;xGef;òrdif
0ufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
52? a':cifpef;v_dif
0ufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
53? OD;atmifcif(a'gufwmatmifcif)
0ef;odkòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
54? OD;tkef;óudif
[krRvif;òrd@e,frJqqWENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
55? OD;vSodef;
[krRvif;òrd@e,frJqqWENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
56? OD;aZmf0if;
t&mawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
57? OD;Av
t&mawmfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
58? OD;apmv_dif
tif;awmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
77

78. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
weoFm&Dwi;f
kd
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;vSrif;qpwieur
aumhaomif;òrd@ e,fr qENe ,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
2? OD;cifarmifO;D
u|ef;pkòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? OD;0if;OD;
weoFm&Dòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4? OD;pd;k !Ge f@
xm;0,fòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
5? OD;rsdK;atmif
xm;0,fòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
6? OD;=unfa&$
ykavmòrd@ e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;tke;f jrifh
bkwjf yif;òrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8? OD;ausmf& Sdef
+rdwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;^m%fat;
+rdwòf rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;wd;k ydk
a&jzLòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
11? OD;vSaz
avmif;vHòk rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? OD;csde[if;
f
avmif;vHòk rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13? OD;wifjrifh
o&ufacsmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
yJc;l wdi;f
k
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;rsdK;0if;
u0òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;jrav;
u0òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
3? OD;vSOD;
ausmufwHcg;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
4? OD;armifarmif}uD;
ausmufwHcg;òrd@e,frJqNe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
5? OD;at;jrifh
óud@yifaumufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;at;
óud@yifaumufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;xGe f;OD;
ausmuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;pHwif
ZD;ukef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;tke f;armif
anmifav;yifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
10? OD;xGe f;ºuG,f
anmifav;yifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
11? OD;atmifp dk;jrifh
awmifilòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
12? OD;!Ge f@a0
awmifilòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;cspfarmif
xef;wyifòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;xGÉf
'dkufOD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;pdefxGef;
'dkufOD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
78

79. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
16? OD;tke f;aiG
ewfwvif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;apmpdefxGe f;
ewfwvif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;pdk;0if;
yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;jrwfvS
yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
20? Advr ;ª }uD;armifte ;f (+idrf;)
k f
k
jynfòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSwf(1)
J
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
k
21? OD;aomif;pdef
jynfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;wiftke f;
yef;awmif;òrd@ e,fr JqENtrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
23? OD;ode f;[H
yef;awmif;òrd@ e,fr JqENtrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
24? a'gufwmpdef0if;
aygufacgif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDygwD
25? OD;tke f;Edkif
aygif;wnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
26? OD;at;oef;
aygif;wnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
27? OD;atmifoef;
jzL;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
28? OD;pdk;jrihf
jzL;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
29? OD;wifhvGif
rif;vSòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
30? a':vSvSrdk;
rif;vSòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
31? OD;vSatmif
rdk!dkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
32? OD;xGe f;a&$
rdk;!dkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
33? OD;ausmfausmf
a&wm&Snfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
34? OD;xGe f;atmif
a&wm&Snfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
35? OD;pdk;vGif
a&$usifòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
36? OD;oef;ºuG,f
a&$awmifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
37? OD;ydkufòcH
a&$awmifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
38? OD;atmifjrifh
vufyHwef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
39? OD;!Ge f@at;
vufyHwef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
40? OD;wifa&$
a0gòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
41 OD;pdk;odef;
a0gòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
42? OD;at;ode f;
oeyfyifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
43? OD;aX;ode f;
oeyfyifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
44? OD;at;
oJukef;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
45? OD;ode f;xGef;
oJukef;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
46? OD;pH0if;
om,m0wDòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
47? OD;armifat;
om,m0wDòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
48? OD;wifOD;
tkwfzdkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
49? OD;omarmif
tkwfzdkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
50? OD;ode f;OD;
tkwfwGif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
51? OD;cifarmif0if;
tkwfwGif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
79

80. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
rauG;wdi;f
k
p Of
trn f
r Jq E Ne , f
t z GJ@ t p n f;
1? OD;jrifha t mif
u Hr òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;jrifho de f;
acsmu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
3? OD;! Ge f@ pde f
acsmu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
4? OD;at mifx l;
*ef@ a*: òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
5? OD;=u n fv Gi f
izJò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;w m
pv if; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;u HO D;
pv if; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;t Hh= u n f
apw kw W& mòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;[ efaZmf
qifaygif0 Jò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
10? OD;pdk; 0if;
qdy fj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
11? OD;au smfw if
aqmòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
12? OD;o de f;=u n f
aw mifw Gif; }u D; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;o ef;Edki f
aw mifw Gif; }u D; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;au smfa Zmv if;
x D; v if;òrdŒ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;bdka x G;
ew farmu fòrd@ e, fr Jdq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
16? OD;at mifjrifho de f;
ew farmu fòrd@ e, fr Jdq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;=u n fr if;
ycku ULòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;v _di fa t ;
ycku ULòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;au smf& Si f;
yGi fhj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
20? OD;at mifr dk;! dk
yGi fhj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
21? OD;cifa rmif= u n f
aygu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;at mifE dkifO D;
aygu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
23? OD;au smfj rifh
rau G; òrd@ emfr Jq ENe , ft rSw f(1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
24? OD;at mifp dk;
rau G; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
25? OD;o mat mif
òrd@ o pfò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
26? OD;cspfa x G;
òrd@ o pfò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
27? OD;x Ge f;0if;
rif;w ke f;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
28? OD;pdk; jrifh
rif;bl; òrd@ e, fr rJq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
29? OD;v Sp dk;
rif;bl; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f(2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
30? OD;cspfw if
rif;v Sò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
31? OD;at mifq ef;jrifh
òrdi fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
32? OD;jrifha t mif
òrdi fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
33? OD;armfe D
a&póu dò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
34? OD;w ifa rmif
a&póu dò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
35? o cifcif! Ge f@
a&eHa csmif;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
36? OD;cifa u smf[ ef
a&eHa csmif;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
37? OD;cifa rmifo ef;
o &u fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
38? OD;! Ge f@ v _di f
at mifv Hò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
39? OD;o de f;ZH
at mifv Hò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2)
t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
80

81. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
rEWav;wki;f
d
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;atmifausmfO;D
ausmufqnfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
2? OD;ausmf0if;
ausmfqnfòrd@ e,fe,frqENe,ftwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? OD;bdZH
k
ausmufy ef;awmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4? OD;aiGxGe f;
ausmufy ef;awmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
5? OD;apmaX;
pOfuòl rd@ e,frJqENe ,f
h
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
6? OD;pdk;jrifh
pOfhudkifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;om!Gef@
pOfhudkifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;csdK
anmifOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
9? OD;azwif
anmifO;D òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;{&m
wHwm;OD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
11? OD;oef;eD
wHwm;OD;òrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? OD;0rf;armif
wyfue;f òrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf((1)
k
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13? OD;0if;v_if
d
wyfukef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
14? OD;cspfcif
dk
awmifomòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
15? OD;oef;xGef;
awmifomòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
16? OD;yef;om
EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
17? OD;pdrf;armif
EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
18? OD;qef;!Gef@ a0
ykodr f}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? OD;pHvSabmf
ykodr f}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
20? OD;wifvif
h G
ysOf;rem;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
21? OD;ausmf
ysOf;rem;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
22? OD;cifarmif!kd
aysmfb,òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
G
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
23? OD;vSaz
aysmfb,òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
G
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
24? OD;apma&$
rv_iòf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
kd
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
25? OD;armifarmifjrifh
rv_iòf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(2)
kd
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
26? OD;vSapmOD;
jyifOD;vGiòf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
27? OD;yDwmvif;yif
jyifOD;vGiòf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
28? a':arESif;=unf
rdk;ukwfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? OD;bdvwifh
k S
rd;k ukwfòrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
30? OD;atmifa0
rwW& mòrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
31? OD;oef;vGif
rwW& mòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
32? OD;armifarmifjrifh
rdxvmòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(1)
DW
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
33? OD;odef;vGif
rdxvmòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
DW
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
81

82. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
34? OD;pd;k vif;
rE av;taemufawmifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
W
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
35? OD;odef;OD;
rE av;taemufawmifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
W
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
36? OD;wifatmifatmif
rE Wav;taemufajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
37? OD;atmifp;kd
rE av;taemufajrmufòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
W
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
38? OD;xifausmf
rE Wav;ta&S@ awmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;tkef;óudif(atmif0ifh)
rE Wav;ta&S@ awmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;armifarmifat;
crREav;ta&@ajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;wifat;
crREav;ta&@ajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
42? OD;ay:cif
jrif;+cHòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
43? OD;armifarmif0if;
jrif;+cHòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
44? a':tke f;=unf
jrpfom;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
45? OD;rsdK;jrifh
jrpfom;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
46? OD;armifarmifjrifh
&rnf;oif;òrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
47? OD;armifarmifoef;
&rnf;oif;òrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
48? OD;wifxËO;D
Gf
v,fa0;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
49? OD;nDnDxGef;
v,fa0;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
50? OD;aomif;wif
0rf;wGif;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
51? OD;vSatmif
0rf;wGi;f òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
52? OD;armf
oydwfusif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
53? OD;odef;armif
ompnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
54? OD;armifarmifav;
ompnfòrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
55? OD;aZmfjrifharmif
tr&yl&òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
56? OD;bbGm;
tr&yl&òrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
rGejf ynfe,f
pOf
trnf
rJq E Ne ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;&JxGÉf
usdKufxdkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? a'gufw mat;ZH
usdKufxdkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
3? OD;jrifhode f;
usdKufra&mòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? Edkifcifarmif
usdKufra&mòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw (2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;atmif=unf! Gef@
acsmif;qHkòrd@,fe ,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
6? a':cif;aX;ºuG,f
acsmif;qHkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;^m%f0 if;
aygifòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;aomif;!Gef@
aygifòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;armifarmifv wf
bD;vif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
82

83. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
10? OD;armifarmif
bD;vif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
11? a':wifapmOD;
rk' Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
12? a'gufw mrif;=unf0 if;
rk' Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
rGe ftrsdK;om;'Dr dku a&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;vGe f;wif
armfvòrdifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;csrf;at;
armfvòrdifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? a'gufr if;pdk;vif;
a&;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
16? a'gufw m=uifo def;
a&;òrd@ e,frjqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
17? OD;cGe fjrifhxGe f;
oxHkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;oef;armif
oxHkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;armifarmif}uD;
oHjzLZ&yfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
20? EdkifxGe f;ode f;
oHjzLZ&yfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&cdijf ynfe,f
k
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? a'gufwmxGe;f at;
ausmufawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
&cdi' rua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k f D kd
2? OD;pHomatmif
ausmufawmfòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
J
òrd(c)crD trsdK;om;nD!wa&;tzG@J
G f
3? OD;qef;armif
ausmufjzLòrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSw(1)
J
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4? OD;wif}uD;
ausmufjzLòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
5? OD;nDyk
*Gòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
6? OD;a&$,
ppfawGòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
7? OD;pHxe ;f (c)vljzL
G
ppfawGòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8? OD;ausmfcif
kd
awmifukwfòrd@ e,frqENe,f
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
9? OD;boef;
aygufawmòrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;apmxGe;f pdef
aygufawmfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
11? OD;atmifxe;f pdef
G
ykÀm;u|ef;òrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? OD;ausmfrif;
bl;oD;awmifòrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
J
trsdK;om;vl@ tcGia&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD
hf
kd
13? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&tmruf
f
bl;oD;awmifòrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSw(2)
J
f
trsdK;om;vl@ tcGia&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD
hf
kd
14? OD;armifjrifh
rif;jym;òrd@ e,fr qENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
&cdi' rua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k f D kd
15? OD;xGef;0if;
rif;jym;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
&cdkif' Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
16? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c)cspfvif
G
armifawmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trsdK;om;vl@ tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD
hf
kd
17? OD;aZmftmarmuf
armifawmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trsdK;om;vl@ tcGita&;'Dru&ufwpfygwD
hf
kd
18? OD;odef;armif
rmefatmifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
trsdK;om;'Dra&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
19? OD;jzLpdefOD;
ajryHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&cdkif' Drdka&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
83

84. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
20? OD;apmr&atmif
ajrmufOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
21? OD;atmifZHvS
ajrmufOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
22? OD;armifºuGif;atmif
&aohawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
23? OD;omEdk;
&aohawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? OD;jrarmif
&rf;+AJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
25? OD;xGef;&D
oHwGJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
26? OD;ae0if;
trf;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&efuewi;f
k f kd
pOf
trnf
1? OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)
rJq ENe ,f
urm&Gwfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jrbaqG)
aumhr ;ª òrd@ e,frqENe ,f
J
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? OD;wifp ;kd
ausmufwwm;òrd@e,fr qENe,f
H
J
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
4? OD;oef;+idr f;
ausmufwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
5? OD;pd;k !Gef@
ausmufwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
6? OD;xGe f;
=unfhjrifwdkifòrd@e,frJqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;,k* ef
uGrf;+cHuke f;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
8? OD;vSoef;
udu;kd u|ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
k
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
9? OD;ausmfoGif
c&rf;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;wifarmif0if;
c&rf;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
11? OD;cifarmifaqG
prf;acsmif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? a':pef;pef;
qdyfurf;òrd@e,fr qENe,f
J
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13? OD;pdef0 if;
qdyf}uD;§caemifwòkd rd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
14? OD;vSodef;
wmarGòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;ode f;jrifh
wmarGòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
16? OD;omqdkif
wGHaw;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;jrv_dif
wGHaw;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;vSxGef;
wdkuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? a':a&GularESif;
wdkuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
20? OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh)
awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
21? OD;cifarmifausmf
awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;wifuukd
kd
xef;wyifòrd@e,fr qENe,f
J
trdsK;om;'Dr ua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
23? OD;atmifaZmf
'*Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
24? OD;xGe f;tke f;
'*Hkòrd@ opfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
25? OD;pdef0 if;
'vòrd@e,frJqENe ,f
trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
84

85. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
26? OD;jrarmif
a'gyHkòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
27? OD;Edkif;Edkif;
ykZGefawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
28? OD;armifatmif
yef;bJwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&Sifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
29? OD;xGef;v_dif
A[ef;òrd@e,frJENe,ftrSwf(1)
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
30? OD;=unfarmif
A[ef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
31? OD;armifarmifausmf
Adkvfwaxmifòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
32? OD;atmifa&$
r&rf;ukef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
33? a':ar0if;jrihf
r&rf;ukef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
34? OD;atmifcifqifh
r*Fvmawmif!Gef@òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
35? OD;oef;atmif
r*Fvm'Hkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
36? OD;=unf0if;
r*Fvm'Hk!Gef@òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
37? OD;wifxGef;armif
r*Fvm'Hkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? OD;oef;0if;
armufOuUvmyòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;ausmf!Gef@
ajrmufOuUvmyòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;pdk
arSmbDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;cifarmifxGef;
arSmfbDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? a':cifat;jrifh
&efuif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? OD;pdefvGif
a&Gjynfomòrd@rJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
44? OD;=unfjrifh
vomòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;a&$ (c) Adkvfrª;}uD;armifa&$ (+idrf;) v_difòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
46? OD;apmjrodef;
v_difòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
47? OD;oef;ºuG,f
v_difom,mòrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
48? OD;apmausmfpdef
vSnf;ul;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
49? OD;pHwif
vSnf;ul;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
50? OD;aeOD;
vrf;rawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
51? OD;v_difeD(c)OD;armifarmifvwf
omauwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
52? OD;tkef;jrifh
omauwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
53? OD;odef;!¸ef@
oCFef;u|ef;òrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
54? OD;jrifhodef;
oCFef;u|ef;òrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
55? OD;vGif(c)'kAdkvfrª;}uD;armifvGif(+idrf;) oHk;cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
56? OD;ausmfjrifh
oHk;cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
57? a'gufwm0if;Edkif
oHv#ifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
58? OD;oef;0if;
oHv#ifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
59? a':pef;pef;0if;
tvHkòrdŒe,frJqENe,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
60? OD;xGef;v_dif
tif;pdefòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
61? OD;pdefvSOD;
tif;pdefòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
85

86. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
&Sr;f jynfe,f
pOf
trnf
1? OD;jrifhoef;
rJq ENe ,f
uavmòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;pdkif;vdyf
uGef[def;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Dudkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? OD;xGe;f wif
aus;oD;òrd@e,fr qENe ,f
J
&Sr ;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
4? OD;cGefqdkif
uGwfcdkifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
5? OD;tdkuf& D
uGwfcdkifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
watmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;vSaz
ausmufròJ rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
7? OD;pdi;f aqmifqD
k
ausmufròJ rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(2)
f
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
8? OD;&ef;usif;armf
uGrf;vHòk rd@e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;jynfu;kd uef@'Dru&ufwpfygwD
kd
9? OD;pkdkif;vHkausmuf
usKdif;wHkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
usdKif;wHkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
10? OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf)
11? OD;pdef;0if;
qDqdkifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
jynfaxmifpkytdk@ yftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
12? a'gufwmOD;v_dif
anmifa&$òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;tkef;armif
anmifa&$òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;ausmfcif
awmif}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;cGefazaxG;
awmif}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
16? OD;cGef}uD;
wef@ ,ef;òrd@ e,frrJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;xGef;bm
wef@ ,ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
18? OD;pdkif;pGHqdkif;
wmcsDvdwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;pdkif;wif0if;
erfhpefòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
20? OD;xGef;ausmf
erfhqefòrd@ e,frrJqENe,f
watmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
21? OD;pdi;f omat;
k
erfcrf;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f
h
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
22? OD;xGef;atmif
aemifcsdKòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
23? a':aròzd;
erRwlòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
24? OD;atmifoef;
yif;w,òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
25? OD;armif}uD;
yifavmif;òrd@ e,frJqENde,trSwf(1)
jynfaxmifpkytdk@ ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@ csKyf
26? OD;pyfomwifh
yifavmif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
27? cGef;rm;&fudkbef
z,fcHkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
u,ef;trsdK;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
28? OD;cGefyGifh
rdk;rJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? OD;pdi;f tGwf
k
armufr,fòrd@e,frqENe,f
J
&Sr ;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pdtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
30? OD;pdi;f rd;k =unf
k
rdi;f yefòrd@d e,frqENe ,f
k
J
&Sr ;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
31? OD;pdi;f tGrf
k
rdi;f yefòrd@e,frJqENe ,f
k
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
32? OD;pdi;f 0if;az
k
rdi;f &SL;òrd@ e,frqENe,f
k
J
&Sr ;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
33? OD;vS'if
rdkif;&,fòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;o;rsm;'rdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
34? OD;pdi;f vSaz
k
rlq,fòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
&Sr ;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
86

87. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
35? OD;pdkif;armifav;
rlq,fòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
36? OD;tkef;armif
rdk;rdwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
37? OD;cspfcif
rbdrf;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? OD;',fe&,fatmif
D
rdi;f ysif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
k
vm;[ltrsdK;om;zG@H òzd;wduwufa&;ygwD
k f
39? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)
rdkif;,ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;pdkif;&SJe favG
rdkif;cwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;pdi;f ausmfpe f
k
d
rdi;f wHòk rd@e,fr JqENe ,f
k
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;trsm;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
42? OD;qef;0kef;
rdkif;qwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif
rdkif;a,mif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
44? OD;pdkif;EGJ@
rdkif;jzwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;atmifodef;
&GmiHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD
46? OD;vS&Sdef
&yfapmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
47? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf
vGdKifvifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
48? OD;omxGef;jr
vJcsm;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
49? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif
vif;ac;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
50? OD;pdkif;jrifharmif
vm;&_d;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
51? OD;oef;aX;
vm;&_d;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
52? OD;pdi;f xGef;vl
k
odEòND rd@ e,frJqENe,f
&Sr f;wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Dra&pDtzG@J csKyf
k
kd
53? OD;cGefxGef;OD;
oDaygòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
54? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;
oDaygòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
55? OD;pHvS
[dkyHk;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
jynfaxmifpkytdkyfh trsdK;om;tzGJ@ csKyf
56? OD;cGefxGef;vl
[dyefòrd@ e,frqENe,f
k
J
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
k
87

88. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
pOf
trnf
rJq ENe ,f
tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;oef;wif
usdKufvwfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
2? OD;wif0if;
usdKufvwfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
3? OD;apmvGif
ausmif;uke f;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4 OD;vS0 if;
ausmif;uke f;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;wif
usHKaysmfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
6? OD;ref;a*smfeD
usHKaysmfòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;&Jjrifh
}uHcif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;a';ApfvjS rifh
iykawmòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
9? OD;ppfwif
iykawmòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
10? OD;ausmfjrifh
ZvGe òf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
11? Advr;ª }uD;=unf0if;(+idr;f )
k f
ZvGe òf rd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSw(2)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
12? OD;atmifóudif
anmifwe;f òrd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(1)
k
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
13? OD;omEd;k
anmifwe;f òrd@e,fr qENe,ftrwf(2)
k
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
14? OD;rsdK;!Ge@f
a';'&Jòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
15? OD;oef;xGef;
a';'&Jòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
16? OD;0if;jrifh
"EkjzLòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(1)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
17? OD;aomif;&D
"EkjzLòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(2)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
18? OD;wifacsm
ykoraemufòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(1)
d f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
19? OD;ausmfrif;
ykoraemufòrd@ e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(2)
d f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
20? OD;!Ge @f v_if
d
ykora&S@ òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSw(1)
d f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
21? OD;vS=unf
ykora&S@ òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSw(2)
d f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
22? OD;wif;rif;xGÉf
yef;waemfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
23? OD;ref;!Gef@ ode ;f
yef;waemfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
24? OD;aomif;wif
zsmyHòk rd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
25? OD;rif;aqG
zsmyHòk rd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
26? OD;0if;óudif
bduav;òrd@e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(1)
k
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
27? a'gufwmpde jf rifh
bduav;òrd@e,fr qENe ,ftrSw(2)
k
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
28? OD;cspfoef;
rtlyifòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
wdi;f &if;om;pD;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
k
29? OD;vSjrifh
rtlyifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
30? OD;vSaz
armfvòrdifu|ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
31? OD;wifvS
armfvòrdiu|ef;òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
f
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
32? OD;atmif=uif
ajrmif;òrd@ e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
88

89. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
33? OD;pd;k rif;
ajrmif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
34? OD;wifO;D
jrefatmifòrd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(1)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
35? OD;jrifoe;f
h d
jrefatmifòrd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(2)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
36? OD;!Gef@0if;
a&=unfòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(1)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
37? OD;armifarmif
a&=unfòrd@e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
38? OD;=unf0 if;
vyGwmòrd@e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
W
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
39? OD;at;=uL
vyGwWmòrd@e,frJqENtrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;pDarmif
av;rsufESmòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;qef;jrifh
av;rsufESmòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? OD;wifatmif
0g;c,fr òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(+idrf;)
0g;c,fr òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
44? OD;vSjrifh
omaygif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;oef;0if;
omaygif;òrd@e,frqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
46? OD;jroef;
[oFwòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
J
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
47? a'gufwmaZmfjrifh
[oFwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
48? OD;jr0if;
t*Fyòl rd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(1)
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
49? a'gufwmpef;atmif
t*Fyòl rd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(2)
J
f
woD;yk*v
~
50? OD;wifxÉf
G
tdr ròJ rd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(1)
f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
51? OD;jrifarmif
h
tdr ròJ rd@e,fr qENe,ftrSw(2)
f
J
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
89

90. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD
tydi;
kf
(2)
90

91. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf / ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfholŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (1)
ed'gef;
1?
1990 jynfEparvwGi/f jrefrmEdiiY/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd usi;f ycJh
hSf
kfH
D kH D kd
JG
ygonf? tqdyga&G;aumufyonf vGwvyfI/ w&m;r#wonf[k urBm@Eiirsm;ESihf jrefrmEdiiuyg
k
JG
f
kd f H
kfH
todtrSwðf y=uygonf?
2?
jynfovxuvnf;/ Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS/ jynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;
l l k
kfH
D
f
kd f
f
rsm;ud/k ‚if;wd@k . oabmqENt&“tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxxrS qif;oufonf”
l l k H
[laom 'Drua&pDrt&/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc=hJ uygonf//
kd
l
3?
xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
G f
kd f
f
onf jynfovxtay:/ jynfovxEihf wdi;f jynftwGuf tusK;d ðyvkyief;&yfrsm;ud/k jynfoŒl v$wf
l l k
l l kS k
f
awmfrwqifaqmif&uay;=u&ef wm0ef&ygonf? xdwm0eft& jynfoŒl vGwawmfukd ac:,l
S
h
G f
dS
k
f
&rnfjzpfygonf?
4?
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&onfh jynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf/ jynfojl ynf
H
f
kd f
f
om;rsm;/ awGΗuHcpm;ae&onfh Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; tp&Sonfh taxGaxGtcuftcJ
H
kfH
_
d
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f ay;&ef wm0ef&ygonf? od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& v$wf
dS
f
JG
awmfurqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
kd J
hf
‡
kd f
f
kd f
rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;ygaomfvnf;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf ay:ayguvmjcif; r&Sao;ay?
h
f
f
d
5?
jynfovx.qENuaz:xkwwifjyEdi&ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm jynfovxu
l l k
kd
f
kf
l l k
a&G;aumufwifajrmufjf cif;cH&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;xm;aom v$wawmfrS
‡
f
kd f
f
h
f
wqifwifjyjcif; enf;vrf;yifjzpfygonf// ,cktcgwif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trsm;pkukd zrf;qD;
h
G
f
kd f
f
xdr;f odr;f xm;ojzif/h v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. aqmif&uyicitm%mudk tyfEi;f xm;jcif;
f
kd f
f
G f kd f G hf
S
cH&onf/h txufygaumfrwDu v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyI vkyief;rsm;udaqmif&uom;&rnf jzpf
f
kd kd f
f
k
G f G
ygonf?
91

92. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
6?
1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywi/f jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
hS
D kH D kd
JG G
f
kd f
vS,aygi;f (485) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=H u&ygonf/ ‚if;teuf (26) OD; uG,veom;=uojzifh
f
‡ f
f Gf G
(459) OD; use&ygonf// trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf rdwaqGygwrsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f dS
kd
S
f
D
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;rS aqmif&uEiciay;xm;onfh ta&twGurm (251) OD; jzpfygojzifh jynfoŒl
k f
f
G f kd f G hf
fS
v$wawmfu,pm; w&m;0ifq;kH jzwfvyuiEici&ygonf?
f
kd f
k f kd f dk f G hf dS
7?
odk@jzpfygI “ 1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD” udk atmufygy*Kd~ vfrsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;vduygonf?
h
f
kd kd f
h
k
k f
OuU Ï
OD;atmifa&$
twG i f ; a&;rª ; rsm;
OD;oef;xGe;f
OD;at;omatmif
- &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f trSw(1)rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f dk
f
f
uk,pm;vS,?
d f
f
- rE av;wki;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl
W
d
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
- &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
d
dfk
&ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf/
rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒ/
Zkr;D trsK;d om;uGe*&ufygwrsm;ukd uk,pm;ðyuk,pm;vS,?
d
f
D
d f
d f
f
tzG J @ 0if r sm;
OD;wifO;D
- 'k-OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ?
dk
a':atmifqef;pk=unf - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ?
dk
OD;vGif
- &efuewi;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1)rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f dk
f
f
uk,pm;vS,?
d f
f
OD;vSaz
- {&m0wDwi;f / armfvòrdiu|e;f òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
dk
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
OD;pk;d jrifh
- &efuewi;f / awmifOuUvmyòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
k f dk
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
OD;vGe;f wif
- rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f ?
f
dk f
OD;nGe@f a0
- yJc;l wki;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(2)rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
f
f
uk,pm;vS,?
d f
f
92

93. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
8?
tqdygaumfrwD. yxrtpnf;ta0;udk 1998ck/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wif usi;f
k
G
ycJygonf?
h
9//
TaumfrwDonf txufazmfjyygvyyicirrsm;t& atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk cs
k f kd f G hf l
f
rSwygonf//
f
(u) 1990jynfEp/f a&G;aumufyOya't&/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjf cif;cH&onfh ud,f
h S
JG
k
pm;vS,rsm;udk tjcm;aom rnfonfOya'/ enf;Oya'/ trde@f tm%mrsm;jzifh
f
h
vnf;aumif;/ rdrw@kd qENt&vnf;aumif;/ E_wxujf cif;rsm;ESihf xkwy,fjcif;rsm;udk
d
f G
f
rnfourSðyvkyEijf cif;r&Sa=umif;?
l
f kd
d
(c) jynfoŒl v$wawmfOuUÏ tjzpf a'guwmOD;apmjratmif/ &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
f
f
d f D dk
OuUÏ/ &ckijf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) tm;/ a&G;aumufwif
d
ajr‡mufvua=umif;?
f dk f
(*) v$wfawmf.oufwrf;ukd trsm;jynfolwdk@uvufcHEkdif+yD; 'Drkdua&pDrlrsm;ESifh
ukunaom zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'w&yfu/dk Tv$wawmfu twnfðyjy
d f D
f Hk
f
Ïmef;+yD;onftcsetxd owfrwa=umif;?
h d f
S f
(C) Ekii. Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; tp&Sonfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;ukd
dfH dfH
_
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuomaqmif&uay;Ekionfa}umif/h atmufygtzGŒJ rsm;. v$wf
f
G f df
awmfac:,lay;a&;udpEiywfoufI awmif;qkjd cif;rsm;ukd TaumfrwDu txl;
P S hf
av;eufpmaxmufcóH udqa=umif;?
G
dk
1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (14) &ufae@wif atmufazmfjyygtzGŒJ rsm;onf v$wawmfac:,la&;
S
f
G
f
twGuaxmufc=H uonf?
f
(1) &Sr;f jynfe,fvrsK;d aygi;f pkH jynfo@l vwajrmufa&;tzGŒJ (+idr;f csr;f a&;&,lxm;+yD;tzGŒJ )
l
G f
(2) u,ef;jynfopfygwD
(3) u&ifevrsK;d aygi;f pkH jynfoŒl vGwajrmufa&;wyfO;D / (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onftzJŒG )
D l
f
h
1998 ckEpf =o*kwv (18)&ufae@wif atmufaz: jyygtzGŒJ onf v$wawmfac:,l
S
f
G
f
a&;twGuaxmufconf?
f
H
(4) rGejf ynfopfygwD (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onftzGŒJ )
h
10?
1988 ckEpf pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@rpI xkwjf yefcaom Oya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'
S
S
hJ
pnf;urf;Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsursm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfrtwnfrðyoI w&m;r0if
f
f
S
a=umif;?
(rSwcsu- 1989ckEp/f Zlviv (5)&ufae@u Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
f f
S
dk f
dfH
df
OuUÏu atmufygtwki;f ajymcJygonf?)
d
h
93

94. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
=== u|efawmf 'DaeΠekiiawmftm%muk,xm;wJtcgrSm/ u|efawmfvycsiwm vkyom;w,f
dfH
d l
h
kf f
f G
qkwmukd rjzpfap&bl;/ u|efawmf pnf;eJŒpHepfeŒJ vkyom;w,fqwmukd u|efawmf v$wawmfudk
d
f G
dk
f
v$wawmfay:vm &if a&G;aumufyjJG yD;&if u|efawmf v$wawmfuwifjyr,f ====
f
f
dk
11?
TaumfrwDu atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsursm;ukvnf; csrwygonf//
f
d
S f
(u) Ediia&;ygwrsm;.vkyyicirsm;ukd Oya't&tjynft0aqmif&uciay;&ef?
kfH
D
f kd f G hf
h
G f G hf
(c) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; ekiia&;t& ajymqkvyaqmifjcif;ESihf qufE,f
f
kd f
f
dfH
d k f
G
onfuprsm;ukd ta&;,ljcif;rSuif;vGwciðhf y&ef?
h dP
fG
(*) tm;vk;H aomEkiia&;tusO;f om;rsm;ukd c|i;f csur&Sd tjrefq;Hk v$way;&ef?
dfH
f
f
12?
EkiiwEkiiwif wyfrawmfonf r&drjzpfvtyfonftzG@J tpnf;wckjzpfonf/ wyfrawmf
dfH dfH G
S
dk
h
.wm0efonf EkiiawmfEihf EkiioEiiom;rsm;ukd umuG,apmifa&Smuf&efEifh zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfyt
dfH
S d f H l dk f H
f
h
S
f Hk
ajccHOya'ukd umuG,&efjzpfonf?
f
jynfovxu ,k}H unfu;dk pm;cspcifonfh acwfr+D y;D / umuG,a&;wm0efudk oef@oef@xrf;
l l k
f
f
aqmifonfh wyfrawmfjzpf&ygrnf? tqiftwef;jrifrm;+yD; jynfojl ynfom;rsm;ESifh wom;wnf;
h
h
jzpf&ygrnf? jynfow@kd .qENudk OD;xdyyefum tpOfav;pm;&rnf?
l
f
ed*;
Hk
13//
TaumfrwDonf/ (1990) jynfEpygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyOya'ESifh
h S f D Hk D dk
JG
tnD v$wawmfac:,lay;a&;rlt&/ v$wawmfw&yfac:,lay;a&;jzpfajrmufonftxd/ v$wf
f
f
awmfu,pm;aqmif&uom;rnf?
kd f
G f G
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jy!fEpf / awmfovif;vjynfausmf (12) &uf ?
hS
h
1998 ckEpf / pufwifbmv (17)&uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcsonf?)
dk
d
94

95. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf (2)
1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wi/f 'kw,t}udrajrmuf v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
S
G
d
f
f
kd f
aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udusi;f ycJ+h yD;/ atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm; csrwcygonf?
k
f
S f hJ
1?
atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfo@l vwawmfutwnfðy&ef jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;
$ f
$ f
kd f
ðyaumfrwDuoabmwlna=umif; qH;k jzwfvuonf?
D
kd f
(u) Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya'/
kfH
D
f kH
(Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw- 4§88)
kfH
f
f
(c) toif;tzGŒJ rsm; zGŒJ pnf;jcif;qdi&mOya'/
kf
(Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw- 6§88)
kfH
f
f
(*) jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'
f
JG
(Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw- 14§89)
kfH
f
f
('Drua&pDusix;kH usienf;rsm;ESihf rudunaom jyÏmef;csursm;udk csevyI)
kd
hf
hf
k f D
f
f S f
2?
urBm@uvor*~. taxGaxGnvmcHwif 1989 ckEpf Ed0ifbmv (20) &ufae@u twnf
k
D
G
S k
ðyjyÏmef;cJaom uav;oli,frsm;tcGita&;rsm;qdi&moabmwlpmcsKyfukd jrefrmEdiiu yg0if
h
hf
kf
kfH
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhjcif;udk jynfolŒv$wfawmfutwnfðy&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
oabmwla=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
3?
atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfuy,fzsu&ef v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfr
f
f
f
kd f
wDu oabmwla=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
(u) jynfovxk (txl;ojzif) Ediia&;orm;rsm;tm;/ rw&m;ojzifta&;,l&mY
l l
h kfH
h
tvGetu|o;kH pGaeaom yk'r (5) tygt0if/ 1950 jynfEpf ta&;ay: pDrr_ tuf
f
H J
f
hS
H
Oya' ?
(c) jynfovxk (txl;ojzif) Ediia&;orm;rsm;udk rw&m;ojzifta&;,l&mY toH;k
l l
h kfH
h
ðyaeonfh yk'r (10) udk r¾dKifðyaom Ediiawmftm;aESmuf,uzsuq;D vdol
f
kfH
S f f
k
rsm;. ab;tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh Oya' ?
W
f
h
95

96. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
4?
jynfo@l vwawmftaejzifh jynfovx.tajccHv@l tcGita&;rsm;udk rxdcuapbJ/
$ f
l l k
hf
kd f
Ediiawmf. vHòk ca&;ESiwnf+ira&;udk vHavmufpm tumtuG,ay;Edi&ef/ wnfqOya' toD;
kfH
H
hf
df
k
G
f kf
J
oD;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifujyifqif&rnf[k jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu
h
f
kd f
oabmwlna=umif; qH;k jzwfonf?
D
5?
jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf atmufygOya'rsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI
$ f
kd f
jyifqifoifonf wd@k ukd jyifqif&ef/ jynfoŒl v$wawmftm;wifjyrnf[k qH;k jzwfonf?
h
f
(u) jynfoŒl v$wawmfOya'ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;?
f
(c) 'Drdkua&pD a'oE W&tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'rsm;?
(*) Ediiom;rsm;.tcGita&;rsm; umuG,apmifa&Smufay;onfOya'?
kfH
hf
f
h
h
(C) wuUovrsm; tufOya'?
kd f
(i) trsm;jynfotm; twif;t=uyf vkytm;ay; cdi;f apjcif;ESihf ywfoufI tu|r;f
l
f
k
0ifaom aus;&GmtufOya'yk'r (8) ESihf (12) ?
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360jynfEp/f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (8)&uf ?
hS
1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (28) &uf?
S
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
d
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (3)
28-9-98 &ufpjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuxkwjf yefaom a=unmcsuf
f
kd f
trSw- (2)/ tyk'f 5/ (i) ESiywfoufI trsm;od&Eiyg&ef aus;&GmtufOya'yk'r (8) ESi(12)
f
d
hf
dS kd f
f
hf
wd@k ukd az: jyvduygonf?
k f
yk'r - 8 ?
f
? aumifpOuUÏ. t&yf&yfwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;?
D
1?
aumifpOuUÏESihf aumifptzGŒJ 0ifwi;f rSm atmufyg trsm;jynfol wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk
D
D
kd
aqmif&u}f u&ef wm0ef&onf?
G
dS
96

97. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(u) yk'r- 7 t&/ owif;ay;onfjh ypfrwi;f udk pHprf;ppfaq;jcif;//
f
_ kd
k
(c) ‚if;jypfrukd usK;vGe&mwGif yg0ifa=umif; (od@k ) usK;vGe&eftm;xkwa=umif; ,H=k unf
l
f
f
f
&ef ta=umif;&Soukd zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf ypPn;f udjk yefvnf&,ljcif;//
d l
(*) aus;&Gmtkypwif vma&mufye;f atmif;I auseyfatmifrajymqdEioukd zrf;qD;
f k G
k
k kd f l
jcif;?
(C) zrf;qD;ol (od@k ) v$tyfc&olw@kd ukd oufaocHtjzpftoH;k usrnfh vufeuf/ tjcm;
J
H
ypPn;f rsm;ESiwuG teD;qH;k &Jpcef;od@k tjrefy@kd tyfjcif;?
hf
(i) rdraus;&GmtkyptwGi;f aus;&Gmw&Gmudk rw&m;wducuruccjH cif;?
d
f k
k f kd f _ kd k
(p) òrŒd e,faumifp!e=f um;onftwdi;f aus;&GmumuG,a&;vkyief;/ vrf;yef;qufo,f
D ¸
h k
f
f
G
a&;vkyief;ESihf a&&&Sa&;wd@k ukd aqmif&ujf cif;?
f
d
G
(q) òrde,faumifpowfrwonfEe;f twdi;f tca=u;aiG&&Sonftcg aus;&Gmtkypk
D
S f h _
k
d h
f
twGi;f (od@k ) teD;Yaomfvnf;aumif; csxm;onfh (od@k ) jzwfoef;onfppfwyf/
h
jynfo@l &wyfz@JG w@kd twGujf zpfap/ wm0efaqmif&u&ef c&D;xGuaom tpd;k &0efxrf;
J
G f
f
wOD;OD;twGufjzpfap/ vrf;jyrsm;/ txrf;orm;rsm;/ pm;eyf&duQmrsm;/ vSnf;/
vkyom;/ qif/ jrif;/ vm;/ avSuo@kd aom ,mOfwrsK;d rsK;d udk pkaqmif;ay;jcif;?
f
hJ
(c|i;f csuf ) tvky-f urf;vkyor[kwonfjh yif cdi;f aprnftvkyukd vkyuiaeus r[kwaom
f l
f
k
h
f
f kd f
f
&Gmom;rsm; tm; ud,wivy&rnf[k rnfonfaumifpOuUXESihf aumifptzGŒJ 0ifrsm;urS
k f kd f k f
h h
D
D
twif;tusyrqif&/ vlpm;xnf&efurl qifEionf//
f h
h kd h kd f
(Z) »»»»»»»»»»»»»
(ps) aus;&GmtkyptwGi;f aexdiorsm;/ ajrvuf&jdS zpforsm;xHrS tcGeEihf tpd;k &od@k
f k
kf l
l
f S
ay;&ef&onfaiGrsm;udk ajr,maumfrwDu aumufc&mYulnjD cif;//
dS h
H
(n) aus;&GmtkyptwGi;f jzpfygG ;aom arG;§ao pm&if;rsm;/ pm&if;rsm;udk rSwywif&ef
fk
f kH
qifqu enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnDaqmif&ujf cif;?
h kd
hf
G
(Ë) atmufyguprsm;Y }uD;=uyftycsKyf pDraqmif&ujf cif;?
d P
k f
H
G
(1) vlrsm;/ wd&pmefrsm;wGif ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gukd rysŒH ES@H atmifuojcif;/
d >
k
wm;qD;jcif;?
(2) trsm;jynfol aESmuf,urrsm;udk wm;qD;jcif;?
S f _
(3) rD;udwm;qD;jcif;?
k
(4) aus;&Gmtkyp. t&yf&yfoef@&i;f r_aqmif&ujf cif;?
f k
S
G
(5) u|/J EGm;/ jrif;/ od;k / qdwEi0ufrsm;udk owfjzwfrEihf tom;uda&mif;jcif;rsm;udk
f S hf
_S
k
pnf;rsO;f owfrwjf cif;?
S
(X) jynfoŒl w&m;ol}uD;/ jynfoŒl &J/ tjcm;tpk;d &t&m&S/d =unf; §a&§av wyfrawmf
t&m&SwOD;OD;uodvonfh &yf&mqki&mowif;ukd óud;pm;pkprf;I odor#ay;jcif;?
d
dk
G df
H
(È) aus;&Gmtkypwiusi;f yonfh yGvrf;rsm;od@k om;pOf §jyefpOf yGwi;f &SaepOf yk'r
f k Gf
J
G
J G d
f
2 1-u wGiaz: jyxm;aom vufeufrsK;d udk awGŒ&SoxrS odr;f qnf;jcif;?
f
d l H
(1) trsm;jynfowm0efrsm;udk aqmif&u&mY tpd;k &t&m&Srsm;tm; oifovdk
l
G f
d
h
ulnjD cif;?
97

98. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(2) yk'r-cG(1) t& aumifpOuUÏ tay: csrwxm;aom wm0efukd aumifptzGŒJ
f J
D
S f
D
0ifrsm;uvnf; aqmif&u&efwm0ef&onf?
G f
dS
(3) aumifpOuUÏwdi;f wGif jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r (510) rl;,pfou trsm;ESihf
D
k
_ kd f
f
l
qdiaomae&mY ravsmaomtr_uðkd yr_t& jypfrusL;vGeoukd zrf;&eftm%m
kf
f
_
f l
&Sonf?
d
yk'r - 12? ?aus;&Gmvlxk wm0efayg@avsmr_ §jiif;qefr_ twGujf ypf'%f?
f
h
aus;&GmtkyfpktwGif;aexdkifolvlxku rnfodk@rqdk trsm;jynfolqdkif&mwm0efrsm;udk
aqmif&u&efjiif;qefv#i§ayg@avsmv#if xdotm;G f
f
h
k l
(1) ,ckr&Sd
(2) aumifptrde@f jzifh 10d§ xd '%faiG (od@k ) TudptwGuf òrdŒe,faumifpD OuUÏ owf
D
P
rSwonfh ae&mY 48 em&Dxd axmif'%f (od@k ) '%fEp&yfv;kH csrw&rnf (od@k ) f
S f
S f
(3) &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;u pD&ifv#if 50d§ aiG'%f (od@k ) wvxd axmif'%f/ '%fEpf
S
&yfv;kH csrw&rnf//
S f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (12) &uf //
hS
1998 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (2) &uf//
S
kd
rSwcsu? ? txufazmfjyyg aus;&GmtufOya'rSm 1908 ckEpu udvee,fcsŒJ wdŒk xkwf
f f
S f k kd D
jyefcjhJ y; usio;Hk cJonfOya'jzpfonf// TOya'udk jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiH
D hf h h
k kd S f
kf
EkdifiHawmfaumifpDujyifqifcJhonf// ‚if;udk EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ
(,ck) Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zHŒG ðz;d a&;aumifptm%mydiwŒkd u qufvuf vufcH
kfH
D
kf
_y; usio;vsuf &Sonf//
D hf kH
d
( trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf// )
d
kd
d
98

99. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD )
1990jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrwifajrmufvuaom jynfoŒl v$wf
hS
D kH D kd
JG S
‡
kd f
awmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD) . a=unmcsutrSwkd kd f
h
f
kd f
f
f
(3) (2-10-98)&ufae@wif aus;&GmtufOya'yk'r (8)ESihf (12) wd@k ukd az: jycJygonf? ‚if;wd@k Eihf
G
f
h
S
ywfoufI aumfrwDu jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd atmufygo;kH oyfcsursm;udk wifjyoGm;rnf[q;kH
f
f
k
jzwfonf?
Oya'yk'r(8)wGif yg&onfh aumifpOuUÏ. t&yf&yf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;acgi;f pOfEihf acgi;f
f
dS
D
S
pOfatmufyg tyk'cJG (1) aumifpOuUÏESihf aumifptzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf trsm;jynfow@kd .qENjzifh
d f
D
D
l
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;r[kwojzif/h aemifwif 'Drua&pD a'oE &tkycsKyfa&;
f
G kd
W
f
pepfukd taumiftxnfaz:onftcg aus;&Gmjynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajrmufaom ppfref
h
l l k
‡
S
onftzGŒJ omv#ijf zpf&ygrnf?
h
yk'r(8) - (u) wGif yk'r (7) t& / owif;ay;onfh jypfrwi;f udk pHprf;ppfaq;jcif;qdonfh tcsuEihf
f
f
_ kd
k
k
fS
ywfoufI pkprf;jcif;omðyvkyap+yD; ppfaq;jcif;udk rðyvkyoifyg? TtcGita&;uday;ygu
H
f
f h
hf
k
ravsmruef usio;kH vmEdirnfjzpfaoma=umifjh zpfygonf?
f
hf
kf
(c) wGif ‚if;jypfru/kd usK;vGe&mwGiyg0ifa=umif; (od@k ) usK;vGe&eftm;xkwa=umif;
_
f
f
f
f
,H=k unf&efta=umif;&Soukd zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf ypPn;f udjk yefvnf&,ljcif;qdonfEihf
d l
k
S
rvHavmufyg? oufaoom"utaxmuftxm;r&SbJ ,H=k unf&efqonftcsuf
k
d
kd h
udk tv$o;kH pm;ðyvkyEi&ef ta=umif;&Saoma=umifjh zpfygonf?
J
f kd f
d
(*) aus;&Gmtkypwif vma&mufye;f atmif;I auseyfatmifrajymqdEioukd zrf;qD;jcif;
fk G
k
k kd f l
qdonftcsuwif &mZ0wfjypfrusL;vGejf cif;ESihf oufqiol vma&mufye;f atmif;
k h
f G
_
kd f
k
jcif ; ES i f h o mouf q d k i f o if h y gonf ? auseyf a tmif r ajymEd k i f q d k o nf w G i f
rnfornf0gtm; auseyfatmifajym&efjzpf&rnfukd xif&m;oifygonf?
l
S
h
(p) òrdŒe,faumifpD !¸e=f um;onftwdi;f qdonfh tcsuwi/f òrdŒe,faumifpqonfh
h k k
f G
D kd
pum;&yfrm 'Drua&pD a'oE & tkycsKyfa&;t& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&olom
S kd
W
f
H
jzpf&ygrnf? xd@k jyif !¸e=f um;onftwdi;f qdonfvyyiciukd tm%m&Sou vkyf
h k k h k f kd f G hf
d l
csiwi;f vkyEiatmif us,jf yef@pmay;/ cGiðhf yxm;onfukd rvkyoifyg?
f kd
f kd f
G
f h
99

100. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(q) ESihf ‚if;atmufwiyg&onfc|i;f csuukd y,fzsuygonf? (q) ESihf c|i;f csuukd y,fzsuf
G f dS h
f
f
f
oifonfta=umif;rSm aus;&GmwGif t"rRvytm;ay;pHepftE &,frS uif;vGwf
h h
k f
W
ap&efjzpfygonf?
(ps) wGiygonfh “ajr,maumfrwDu” qdonftzGŒJ tpnf;f tpm;/ aus;&Gmjynfoua&G;
f
k h
l
aumufwifajr‡mufaom aumfrwDuomv#iaqmif&u&ygrnf?
f
G f
(Ë) tyd'cJG (2) wGif trsm;jynfoaESmif,urrsm;udwm;qD;jcif;qdonftcsuonf
k f
l
h S f _
k
k h
f
tm%mydiw@kd u ,if;t& toH;k ðy&mwGif vufvwpy,ftoH;k ðyEdijf cif;/ tm%m
kf
G f
k
udtvGo;kH pm;vkyEijf cif;a=umifh jyefvnfa&;om;&ef (od@k ) xkwEw&efjzpfygonf?
k J
f kd
f_ f
(X) y,fzsu&efoifonf?
f
h
(È) (1) oifovdunjD cif; qdonftcsuonf us,jf yef@ve;f I y,fzsujf yifqifa&;om;
h k l
k h
f
G
oifa=umif;// (2) ESihf (3) onf 'Drua&pDa'oE &tkycsKyfa&;t& a&G;aumufwif
h
kd
W
f
ajr‡mufonftzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfvmygu xdaz: jyygtcsursm;onf rqDavsmyg?
h
k
f
f
yk'r (12) - y,fzsu&ef? aus;&Gmjynforsm;. tcGita&;udk xdcuepfemapaoma=umifjh zpfyg
f
f
l
hf
kd f
onf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rdŒ
k
1360 jynfEp/f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (12) &uf //
hS
1998 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (2) &uf//
S
kd
( trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
d
kd
d
100

101. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (4)
1?
MANDATE [laom pum;vH;wGif Ediia&;tESpom&tm;jzifh t"dyg` ,f (2) rsK;&Syg
k
kfH
f
d d
d
onf? yxrwrsK;d rSm vufwifbmompum; MANDARE rS qif;oufjyD; “txuft&m&Su
vufatmufi,fom;tm; rnfo@kd vyaqmif&rnf[k apcdi;f onftrde@f ” ( a command from
kf
k
h
f
d
d
a superior to a subordinate ordering him how to act ) [k t"dyg` ,&ygonf// 'kw,wrsK;rSm
jyifopfbmompum; MANDAT rS qif;oufjyD;/ “ygwDwck odk@r[kwf acgif;aqmifwOD;tm;
rJqEN&irsm;u w&m;0ifciðhf yvduonf[k ,lq&rnfh a&G;aumufywckwif tqH;k tjzwfay;aom
Sf
G
k f
JG
G
&v'fa=umifh a=unmxm;aom ay:vpDrsm;ESihf tnDtycsKyfciðhf yjcif;” ( Permission to govern
kf G
according to declared policies, regarded as officially granted by an electorate to
f
a particular party or leader upon a decisive outcome of an election) [kt"dyg` ,&ygonf?
2?
T 'kwd,t"dy`g,fa=umifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif trsm;pk
(a working majority) &&Sxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwtm; rdrw@kd a=unmxm;aom 0g'oabmxm;
d
kfH
D
d
rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&ef rJqEN&ijf ynfovxucGiðhf yjcif;[k qdygonf//
S
l l k
k
3?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfacwfwavsmufvHk;wGif T MANDATE
t,ltqt& jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf vrf;pOfygwuu,pm;ðyvsuf a&G;
f
kd f
f
D kd kd f
aumufy0if=u&+y;D / vrf;pOfygw. 0g'vrf;pOfEitnDom jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif &yfwnfaqmif
JG
D
S hf
f
G
&Gu=f u&ygonf? vrf;pOfygwurvdvm;awmhv#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfrvnf; E_wxuay;=u&yg
D
k
f
S
f G f
onf?
4?
xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufyrusi;f yrD Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u rJqEN&ijf ynfovxk
JG
kfH
D
S
l l
tm; ay;cJonfuwdrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfwitaumiftxnfaz:&ef wm0ef&ronf MANh h
f
Gf
dS _
DATE qdi&m t,ltqyif jzpfygonf?
kf
5?
trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufywif ppftycsKyfa&;udk
kd
h S
JG G
k f
z,f&m;+yD; 'Drua&pDEiixaxmifa&;twGuf t"duaºuG;a=umfvsuf 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydicjhJ cif;jzpf
S
kd
kd f H l
S f
ygonf// rJqENe,fppaygi;f (485) e,f &Sonfteuf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfukd ud,pm;ðy
k k
d h
kd
k f
onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (392)OD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&ygonf? T jynf
f
kd f
hJ
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. 0g'vrf;pOfrsm;twdi;f &yf
f
kd f
f
kd
k
101

102. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
wnf=u&rnfjzpfonftjyif/ ,if;0g'vrf;pOfrsm;udk axmufcvsu&=dS uonfomru/ xdo@kd axmuf
h
H f
k
cHa=umif;ESihf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rdrw@dk u,wif wufa&mufaxmufcjH cif;rðyEdionftcg
d kd f kd
kf h
tzGŒJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ od@k ud,pm;aqmif&u&efay;tyfxm;onfh tcGitm%mudk
k
f
k f
G f
hf
vufrwa&;xd;k ay;tyfxm;=uygonf?
S f
6?
xd@k a=umifh tzGŒJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ u Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
k
f
kfH
zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpxH v$wawmfac:,lay;&efawmif;qdcjhJ cif;rsm;onf rdrw@kd tm; jynfovxu
D
f
k
d
l l k
ay;tyfxm;onfh MANDATE udk tajccHIvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u
f
kd f
f
ud,pm;aqmif&u&ef ay;tyfxm;onfh tcGitm%mudtajccHIvnf;aumif; awmif;qdcjhJ cif;
k f
G f
hf
k
k
rsm;jzpfygonf? ,ae@xufwif Oya'tjzpf w&m;0ifwnf&aeaom 1974 ckEp/f jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
dS
S
awmfqi&m Oya'/ yk'r - 47 wGif “Ediiawmfaumifponf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vH;k .
kd f
f
kfH
D
f
kd f
f
34 µ u awmif;qdcv#if v$wawmftpnf;ta0;udk tjrefq;kH ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf” [lI jy
k hJ
f
Ïmef;xm;csuukd tm%mydirsm;u azguzsu&ma&mufaeygonf// tzGŒJ csKyfvuf0,fwi&aom
f
kf
f f
G f dS
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (251)OD;u ud,pm;aqmif&u&ef ay;tyfxm;aom tcGihf
f
kd f
k f
G f
tm%monf 34 µ xuf rsm;aeygonf?
7?
od@k ygI tm%mydirsm;u Oya'udk rav;pm;/ rvduemojzifom trsK;d om;'Drua&pD
kf
k f
h
kd
tzGŒJ csKyfonf jynfoŒl v$wawmfuac:,lzŒJG pnf;&ef aqmif&u&jcif;jzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh jzpfay:
f
kd
G f
vmrnftusK;d quftm;vH;k twGu/f Oya'ESitnDaqmif&u&efysuuuonfh Ediiawmfat;
h
hf
G f
f G f
kfH
csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpwiom vH;k 0wm0ef&a=umif; jynfovxtm; xyfavmif;I
D Gf
dS
l l k
wifjytyfygonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f oDwif;u|wfvqkwf (8)&uf?
hS
1998 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (13)&uf ?
S
kd
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I jzef‹csd onf)
d
kd
l
102

103. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (5)
1?
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajr‡mufvuaom jynfoŒl
hS
D kH D kd
JG
kd f
v$wawmfukd ud,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD) . 28-9-98
f
k f
h
f
kd f
&ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf (2) wGif atmufygtwki;f a=unmcJygonf?
JG
f
d
h
“jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf atmufygOy'rsm;ukd jyifqif&ef/ jynfoŒl
f
dk f
v$wawmftm;wifjyrnf[k qk;H jzwfonf?
f
(u) »»»»»
(c) »»»»»
(*) Ediiom;rsm;. tcGita&;rsm;umuG,apmifa&Smufay;onfOya'?
fk f H
hf
f
h
h
(C) »»»»»
(i) »»»»»
2?
Ediiom;rsm;.tcGita&;rsm; umuG,apmifa&Smufay;onfh Oya'uk/d jrefrmhq&,f
kfH
hf
f
h
dk S
vpfvrf;pOfacwfu xkwjf yefcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf?
3?
EkiiwEkiiwi/f Ekiiom;rsm;. tcGita&;ukd umuG,apmifa&Smufay;&ef/ Ekiiawmf
dfH dfH G dfH
hf
f
h
dfH
wGiwm0ef&ygonf? Ekiiom;wki;f wGif tajccHOya'ygtcGita&;rsm;ukvnf;aumif;/ &S&if;pGyg
f
dS
dfH
d
hf
d
d J
Oya'rsm;udvnf;aumif;/ EkiioEiiom;rsm; tusK;d cHpm;cGihf tjynft0&Sap&rnf[k qk;H jzwf
k
d f H l dk f H
h
d
onf?
4?
xkuo@kd w&m;0iftusK;d cHpm;cGi&aomtcGita&;rsm;uk/d Ekiiawmfu umuG,apmifh
d hJ
hf dS
hf
dfH
f
a&Smufay;&rnfh wm0ef&onf/ ,cifxwjf yefxm;aom “Ekiiom;rsm;. tcGita&;rsm; umuG,f
dS
k
dfH
hf
apmifa&Smufay;onfh Oya'” wGif ed'ge;f / tcef; (1)yg yk'r (1)ESitcef;(2)yg/ yk'r (2)ESihf (3)wk@d rS
h
f
hf
f
wyg;/ use&aom tcef;ESihf yk'rrsm;rSm qDavsmuunr_ r&Sawmhojzifh y,fzsujf cif;ðy&efvtyf
f dS
f
f dk f D d
dk
onf[k qk;H jzwfonf?
5?
Ekiiawmfudk ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiixaxmifrnfjzpfonftwGuf 'Drua&pDtajccH
dfH
Sf
dk
dk f H l
h
dk
rlrsm;ESitnDjzpfaom Ekiiom;rsm;.tcGita&;rsm; umuG,apmifa&Smufay;onfh Oya'rsm;
hf
dfH
hf
f
h
jzpfonftjyif w&m;a&;r¾Kdiudk ajzmifrwfay;&eftwGu/f pmc|eawmftrde@f rsm; (Writs)ukd
h
f
h
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd wifjy+yD;/ twnfðycsu&,l&ef qk;H jzwfonf? pmc|eawmf trde@f rsm;rSm f
f
f
103

104. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(1) a&SŒawmfoi;f pmc|eawmftrde@f ( Habeas Corpus )
G
f
(2) tm%may;pmc|eawmftrde@f ( Mandamus)
f
(3) wm;jrpfappmc|eawmftrde@f ( Prohibition)
f
(4) tm%mykiay;pmc|eawmftrde@f (Quo Warranto)
df
f
(5) tr_ac:pmc|eawmftrde@f (Certiorari) wd@k jzpfonf?
f
6?
pmc|eawmftrde@f rsm;ESihf ywfoufI/ jynfovxk ykro&Ei&eftwGu/f teuft"dyg` ,f
f
l l d dk d dS dk f
zGiqcsursm;ukd aemufqufwtaejzifh yl;wGazmfjy&ef qk;H jzwfonf//
hf dk f
JG
J
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f oDwif;u|wfvjynfausm(11)&uf //
hS
h f
1998 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (16) &uf //
S
kd
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I jzef‹csonf//)
d
kd
l
d
aemufqufwGJ
pmc|efawmftrde‹f rsm; ( Writs)
a&SŒawmfoGif; pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Habeas Corpus)
a&SŒawmfoi;f pmc|eawmftrde@f onf wm0ef&owOD;OD;. ydwyifwm;jrpfcsuonf w&m;
G
f
dS l
f
f
enf;vrf;uspmaqmif&ujf cif; [kw§r[kwf ukd pkprf;ppfaq;&ef w&m;ol}uD; (od@k r[kw) w&m;
G
G
f
H
f
±k;H .a&SŒarSmufo@kd qifac:aomtrde@f jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh a&SŒawmfoi;f pmc|eawmftrde@f
h
G
f
onf w&m;rJh ta=umif;r&Sb/J zrf;qD;csKyaESmifrrsm;ukd wm;qD;[ef@wm;I w&m;±k;H wGif ppfaq;&ef
d
f
_
jzpfygonf?
t"du&nf&,csurm jynfojl ynfom;wOD;OD;udk w&m;±k;H wGippfaq;jcif;rðybJ/ csKyfaESmif
G f fS
f
xm;jcif;jzpfap/ wOD;OD;ukd jypfrta=umif;csi;f &mrnD!wygbvsuf ta&;,lzrf;qD;xm;ol wm0ef
_
G f J
&dy*K~ vjf zpfap/ jynfaxmifpw&m;±k;H csKyfo@kd a&SŒawmfoi;f ap&efEihf jynfojl ynfom; wOD;OD;tm;/
S k d
k
G
S
rnfonfjh ypfru/dk rnfonfOya'jzif/h ta&;,l zrf;qD;xm;onf[k xkacs&i;f vif;ap&ef a&SŒawmf
_
h
S
oGi;f pmc|eawmftrde@f xwqifEijf cif;jzpfygonf?
f
k f h fdk
oufqi&mtm%mykitzG@J .xkacs&i;f vif;csuonf a=ueyfavmufatmif &Si;f vif;jcif;
dk f
df
S
f
rðyEkia=umif; jynfaxmifpw&m;&k;H csKyfuxifjrif,qv#if zrf;qD;xm;aom jynfojl ynfom;
df
k
l
wOD;OD;ukd v$wap&ef xkwqifEiaom trde@f trsK;d tpm;vnf; jzpfygonf//
f
f h dk f
104

105. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfaxmifpk w&m;±k;H csKyonf rlvpD&ifyicivnf;&donftavsmuf Oya'ESihf rnD!wbJ
f
dk f G hf
S h
G f
zrf;qD;cHae&aom jynfojl ynfom;wOD;OD;onf ‚if;.ud,pm; epfemol. rdom;pkwOD;OD;u jynf
k f
axmifpw&m;±k;H csKyfo@kd pmc|eawmf av#mufxm;r_rsm; OD;wkuav#mufxm;cGihf ay;&ygrnf?
k
f
d f
tm%may;pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Mandamus)
tm%may;pmc|eawmftrde@f onf Oya'qki&m wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ef atmuf
f
df
w&m;±k;H rsm;od@k jzpfap/ wm0ef&owOD;OD;ukjd zpfap xkwjf yefaomtrde@f jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh
dS l
trsm;ESiqiaomwm0efw&yfudk aqmif&ujf cif;ESifh ywfoufI 0efxrf;wOD;wa,mufudk jzpfap/
hf dk f
G
atmuf±;Hk w±k;H ukjd zpfap jynfaxmifpw&m;±k;H csKyfu tm%may;pmc|eawmftrde@f xwqifjh cif;
k
f
k f
jzpfygonf?
tm%may;pmc|eawmftrde@f Eif ywfoufIa&;om;&ygv#if Ekiiom;wOD;OD;onf jynf
f
S h
dfH
ol@vwawmfwijf zpfap/ trsK;d om;v$wawmfwijf zpfap/ jynfe,f (od@k r[kw) wki;f v$wawmfwif
$ f
G
f
G
f d
f
G
jzpfap/ tjcm;aom tpk;d &Xmewckconf Oya't& vkyoihvyxuonfw@dk udk rðyvkyv#i/f
k
f f k f dk f
f
Oya'ESitnD vkuemaqmif&u&rnf[k tm%may;aom pmc|eawmfjzpfygonf?
hf
d f
G f
f
wm;jrpfappmc|efawmftrdef@ ( Writ of Prohibition )
wm;jrpfappmc|eawmftrde@f . &nf&,csuonf jynfaxmifpw&m;±k;H csKy. vufatmuf
f
G f f
k
f
cHr[kwaom tkycsKyfa&;qki&m XmewckcrjS zpfap/ wpkwOD;ujzpfap/ ‚if;tm; Oya't& tyfEi;f
f
f
df
k
H
S
xm;aomtm%mukusL;vGeI trde@f wckca=umifh jynfowOD;wa,muf. tcGita&;ukd xd
d
f
k
l
hf
yg;v#ijf zpfap (od@k r[kw) tpk;d &Xmewckctm; tyfEi;f I rxm;aomtm%mukd tok;H ðyjcif;rS
f
k
S
wm;jrpfap&efjzpfap/ wm;jrpfappmc|eawmftrde@f jzifh wm;jrpfay;&efav#mufxm;Ekionf? t"dyg` ,f
f
df
rSm wm;jrpfappmc|eawmftrde@f onf atmuf±;Hk .tm%musL;aer_udk wm;jrpfaomtrde@f jzpf
f
onf? wenf;tm;jzifh ðyvky+f y;D onfuprsm;tay: wm;jrpfðyjyifay;&ef av#mufxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
h dP
tm%mykdifar;pmc|efawmftrdef@ ( Quo Warranto)
Tpmc|eawmftrde@f .&nf&,csurm wpkwa,mufu rnfonftcGitm%mjzifh &mxl;
f
G f fS
H
h hf
ae&m a&G;cs,jf cif;/ qENay;yGJ usi;f yjcif; ponfvyyicirsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I pkprf;ppfaq;ay;&ef
h k f dk f G hf
H
av#mufxm;Ekicijhf zpfonf? vkyyicitm%mukd usL;vGeaomolonf jynfowOD;wa,muf.
dfG
f dk f G hf
f
l
tcGita&;ukd rnfonftcGitm%mjzifxyg;usL;vGeonfudk tm%mykiar;pmc|eawmf trde@f
hf
h hf
h d
f
df
f
xkwI tm%musL;vGea=umif;xif&m;v#if vktyfovkd jyifqifay;aomvkyenf;jzpfonf?
f
f
S
d
f
tr_ac:pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Certiorari)
tr_ac:pmc|eawmftrde@f onf atmuf±;Hk rsm;rS ppfaq;pD&if+yD;aom tr_wrsm;/ rSwwrf;
f
GJ
f
rsm;ukd awmif;,lapaomtrdef@jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpkw&m;±kH;csKyftaejzifh vufatmufcH
w&m;±k;H rsm;. pD&ifq;Hk jzwfcsursm;onf w&m;Oya'ESihf nD §rnD/ trde@f csrwjf cif;rsm; rSeuefr_
f
S
f
105

106. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
&S§r&Sd wd@k uppfaq;}unf&I rSm;,Gi;f aea=umif;awG@&&ygu jyifqifay;Ekionf// xk@d tjyif tcsKŒd
d
dk
h_
dS
df
aomw&m;±kH;rsm;onf rdrdpD&ifEkdifaomtm%mukd arhavsmhIjzpfap/ Oya't"dy`g,faumuf
,l&mwGif rSm;,Gi;f I jzpfap usL;vGewwf=uonf? tvm;wlyif arhavsmIjzpfap/ rSm;,Gi;f Ijzpfap/
f
h
pD&ifyicihf &Sygvsu/f tcGitm%muko;Hk pGI ppfaq;pD&ifjcif;rðybJvnf; aewwf}uygonf// xko@kd
dk f G d
hf
d J
d
aomtcgrsK;d wGif jynfaxmifpw&m;±k;H csKyfonf tr_ac:pmc|eawmftrde@f jzifh vktyfovkd trde@f cs
k
f
d
ay;Edionfh trde@f rsK;d jzpfygonf?
kf
xk@d tjyif w&m;±k;H rsm;r[kwaomfvnf; w&m;pD&ifouJo@kd jynfow@kd .tcGita&;ukd qk;H
f
h
l
hf
jzwfowfrway;&aom t&m&Srsm;/ tpk;d &±k;H rsm;onf jynfaxmifpk w&m;±k;H csKyf. ppfaq;xde;f
S f
d
ausmif;r_udk cH,&rnfjzpfI jynfaxmifpw&m;±k;H csKyfu xk±;Hk rsm;ukd tr_ac:pmc|eawmftrde@f xwf
l
k
d
f
k
I ta&;,laqmif&uci&onf?
G f G hf dS
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
( trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I jzef‹csonf?)
d
kd
l
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsufrSwf (6)
1?
1998ckEpf pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@pjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu
S
f
dk f
xkwjf yefconfh a=unmcsutrSwf (1) tyd'f (9) wGif aumfrwD.qH;k jzwfcsursm;udk a=unmcJyg
hJ
f
k
f
h
onf? tyk'cJG (c) wGif atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsuukd a=unmcJygonf?
d f
f
h
(p) jynfoŒl v$wawmfOuUXtjzpf/ a'gufwmOD;apmjratmif/ &cdi'rua&pDtzG@csKyfOuUX/
f
k f D kd
J
&cdijf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)tm; a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuf a-umif;
k
D
f
‡
kd
(qk;H )
2?
a'guwmOD;apmjratmif. wki;f jynftwGupr;f aqmifcsursm;udo&yg&ef atmufyg
f
d
f G
f
k d dS
twdi;f a=unmvkuygonf?
k
d f
106

107. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(u) 1947 ckEpwif trfbbtufpf (bkab) bGŒJ ud&&Sc+hJ yD;/ Ekii0efxrf;tjzpf wm0ef
S f G
D D
H
k d
dfH
,lcum +AdweEiiwif aq;ynmrsm;udk qufvufqnf;yl;cJ&m bGŒJ vGe'yvkrm
hJ
d f dk f H G
h
f D d
'DptwcsbŒJG ESihf tufztm&fpybŒJG rsm;udk &&Sqwc;l cJygonf? ‚if;aemuf Ekii0ef
D d f f
f
D D
d G f h
dfH
xrf;tjzpf qufvufIwm0ef,aqmif&uconf?
l
G f hJ
(c) ausm=f um;onfq&m0ef}uD;wOD;jzpf+yD; ouf&,}f uD;onfy*Kd~ vf}uD;wOD;jzpfonfh
h
G
h k
tm;avsmpm trsm;=unf!av;pm;jcif;cH&onf?
f G
kd
(*) ukovjf zpf vlra&;udpt00udk apwemtjynft0jzifh apwemh0efxrf; orm;
kd
_
P
h
awmf}uD;tjzpfaqmif&uonf?
G f
(C) ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufyusi;f yonftcg/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ tae
D Hk D dk
JG
h
k f D kd
jzifh &cdijf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,frS jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuf
k
l l k
dk
onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonf?
f
kd f
f
3?
txufyg xif&m;onfy*K~ v}f uD;tm;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf OuUÏ tjzpf wm0efay;tyf
S
h k d
f
jcif;udk ‚if;u*k%,I 0rf;ajr‡muf0rf;ompGmjzifh vufcvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?
f l
H dk f
4//
tqkyg a=unmcsutrSwf (1) qk;H jzwfcsutrSwf (7) t&/ 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'ru
d
f
f
hS
D Hk D kd
a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajrmufvuaom jynfo@l vwawmfuu,pm;ðyonfh aumfr
JG
‡
dk f
$ f
kd kd f
wDwif OD;at;omatmifonf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Dra&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGef
G
k
kd
k f D kd
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J / Zkr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufygwrsm;udk ud,pm;ðyonfh ud,pm;vS,jf zpf
kd
d
f
D
k f
k f
a=umif; xyfrtwnfðya=unmvduygonf?
H
k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wefaqmifre;vqef; (9) &uf?
hS
kf
1998 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (28) &uf?
S
dk
( trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,Ijzef‹csonf )
kd
l
d
107

108. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (7)
1?
1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@u atmufygw@kd yg0ifwufa&mufonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
S
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;udk usi;f ycJonf?
kd f
h
OD;atmifa&$
OD;at;omatmif
OD;oef;xGe;f
- OuUÏ (&efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f trSw(1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
k f dk
f
awmfu,pm;vS,)
dk f
f
- twGi;f a&;rª; (&Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cki'rdk
d
dk
df D
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zkr;D trsK;d om;
f
dk
d
uGe*&ufygwrsm;ukd uk,pm;ðyonfu,pm;vS,)
f
D
d f
h dk f
f
- twGi;f a&;rª; (rE av;wki;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f trSwf
W
d
(2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,)
f
dk f
f
ES i f h a tmuf y gtzG J @ 0if r sm;
OD;wifO;D
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
OD;vGif
OD;vSaz
OD;pk;d jrifh
OD;vGe;f wif
OD;!Ge@f a0
108
- 'k OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
dk
- taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
dk
- &efuewi;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f dk
f
f
uk,pm;vS,?
d f
f
- {&m0wDwi;f / armfvòrdiu|e;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
dk
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
- &efuewi;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1) rS jynfoŒl
k f dk
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
- rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòriòf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
d
f
awmfu,pm;vS,?
dk f
f
- yJc;l wki;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
f
f
uk,pm;vS,?
d f
f

109. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
2?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;u atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk cs
f
kd f
f
rSwconf?
f hJ
qH;k jzwfcsutrSwf (1)
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;ukd zGŒJ pnf;&ef?
f
( rSwcsuf ) jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;onftcg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf
f
f
h
f
kd f
f
ndEi; aqG;aEG;I a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udaomfvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udaomfvnf;aumif;
‡ +d f
k
k
vdtyfovdk jyefvnf jyifqif jznfpuzŒJG pnf;_y;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf. oabmwlnrukd v$wf
k
hG f
D
f
D+
awmf OuUX}uD;rSwqifh &,lrnf?
od@k aomf vkyaqmifoifvyaqmifxuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfup&yfrsm;udk aqmif&uf
f
h kf
kd f
f
dP
G
oGm;&ef xda&;&maumfrwDtoD;oD;wd@k wif OuUÏ od@k r[kwf twGi;f a&;rª;/ od@k r[kwf (2) OD;wd@k ukd
k
G
twwfEiq;kH wm0efay;oGm;&efjzpfonf? ‚if;jyif Ta&;&maumfrwDrsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd f
f
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;onftcsetxdomjzpfonf?
h df
(u) wd k i f ; &if ; om;a&;&maumf r wD
1? OD;at;omatmif
- OuUÏ
2? a':atmifqef;pk=unf
- twGi;f a&;rª;
usetzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;onftcg wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk jynfo@l
f
f
h
k
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESinEi;f aqG;aEG;I jznfpurnf? jyefvnfzŒJG pnf;&efvtyfygu jyef
f
kd f
f
hf d‡ _d
hG f
kd
vnfzŒJG pnf;rnf?
(c) b¾m§ pD;yGm; § ukefoG,fa&;&maumfrwD
OD;nGe@f a0
- OuUÏ
(*) Oya'a&;&maumf r wD
OD;wifO;D
- OuUÏ
(C) ynma&;&maumf r wD
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
- OuUÏ
(i) usef ; rma&;/ vl r _ a &;&maumf r wD
OD;vGif
- OuUÏ
(p) EdkifiHwumqufqH&;&maumfrwD
OD;atmifa&$
- OuUÏ
109

110. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(q) awmif o l v ,f o rm;a&;&maumf r wD
OD;pd;k jrifh
- OuUÏ
(Z) tvk y f o rm;a&;&maumf r wD
OD;oef;xGe;f
- OuUÏ
OD;vGe;f wif
- twGi;f a&;rª;
(ps) v$ w f a wmf a &;&maumf r wD
OD;vSaz
- OuUÏ
(n) umuG , f a &;&maumf r wD
OD;wifO;D
- OuUÏ
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (2)
Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS jynfovxu tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxrS
kfH
D
l l k
l l k
qif;oufonf[aom 'Drua&pDrt& w&m;r#wpGmjzifh vGwvyfpma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;
l
kd
l
f
G
vduonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk w&m;Oya'rJh xkwy,fjcif;/ E_wxuapjcif;/
k f
f
kd f
f
f
f G f
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/ axmiftusO;f csxm;jcif;rsm;udk jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
G
f kd f
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f / axmiftusO;f csjcif;cHae&aom Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
kfH
D
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;t& c|i;f csur&Sd tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;&ef av;
kd f
f
f
$ f
eufpmawmif;qdvuonf?
G
k kd f
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (3)
trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkygwrsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG
kd
S k
D
f
pnf;ay;&ef w&m;ojzifawmif;qdvu+f yD;aemufr/S 1998 ckEpwif wdi;f jynftm%mudk odr;f ,l
h
k kd
S f G k
xm;onfh tm%mydirsm;u/ Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk zrf;qD;/
kf
kfH
D
f
kd f
f
csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f jcif;wd@k onf/ vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm 1990 jynfEpf arvuusi;f ycJaom
d
f
h S
h
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&v'fukd zsuq;D vdujf cif;jzpfonf// Tvky&yfukd jyif;jyif;
D kH D kd
JG
f
k
f
xefxef±wcsvuonf? EdiiwEdiitwGuf tpOftvmqd;k 0g;vSonf? tedXm±Hk }u;D rm;vSonf?
_ f kd f
kfH kfH
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (4)
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;udp/P jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zsuor;f
f
f
kd f
f d
ay;v#if zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0if
f
d
$ f
kd f
f
toD;oD;wd@k ukd jyefvnfvway;rnf[k tm%mydirsm;u +cdr;f ajcmufa=unmaejcif;onf? jynf
$ f
kf
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0iftoD;oD;wd@k ukd "g;pmcHrsm;tjzpftoH;k ðyaejcif;
f
kd f
f
onf &mZ0wfr}_ uD;udk usL;vGeaejcif;omjzpfonf [kq;kH jzwfonf?
f
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (5)
110

111. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vl@tcGita&;rsm; &&Sa&;wnf;[laom rGejf rwfvaom&nf&,csursm;
kd
hf
d
S
G f f
udk ,H=k unfpmcH,vsu/f t"dÏmefjzifh ud,usK;d pGe@f vsu/f tepfemcHvsu/f qif;&Jyifyef;cHvsu/f
G
l
k f
trsK;d rsK;d ESypufcvsu/f ZG/J 0d&,/ owWd wd@k Eihf &yfwnfae=uaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;tm;vH;k rS jynfoŒl
df H
d
S
kfH
D
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaufrwDu txl;
f
kd f
f
f
kd f
wvnf cs;D usL;*k%ðf yyga=umif;udk ordi;f wGif rnfrwwrf;wGixnfoi;f yga=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
k
hS f
f h G
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (6)
urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ csKyf}u;D . (53) }urajrmuftaxGaxGnvmcH}u;D / wwd, aumfrwD
h k
df
D
u jrefrmEdiiH vlŒtcGita&;tajctaeESiywfoufI taxGaxGnvmcH}uD;od@k twnfðyqH;k
kf
hf
hf
D
jzwfcsu&,l&ef wnDwnGwwnf; qH;k jzwfcsursm;twGuf ESpaxmif;tm;&&Syga=umif; qH;k jzwf
f
f
f
f
d
onf? txl;ojzifh qH;k jzwfcsutyd'f (8) ESi(9) rsm;jzpfonf?
f k
hf
tyd'f (8) t& Tod@k q;kH jzwfonf//
k
1990 jynfEpwiusi;f ycJaom 'Drua&pDa&G;aumufyY ay:vGic+hJ yD;jzpfaom jynfovl
h S f Gf
h
kd
JG
f
l
xk.qENEitnD/ 'Drua&pDjyefvnfaz:aqmifa&;twGuvtyfaom vkyaqmifcsutm;vH;k udk
S hf
kd
f kd
f
f
vkyaqmif&efEi/hf Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf tpd;k &r[kwaomtzGŒJ tpnf;tm;vH;k udk vGwvyfpm v_y&m;
f
S kfH
D
f
f G
fS
aqmif&uciðhf y&eftjyif/ tcgtm;avsmpm tm%mydiw@kd uay;xm;aom tmrcHcsursm;udk
G fG
f G
kf
f
tav;*±kðyI vkyaqmif&ef jrefrmEdiitpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmwduwe;f vduonf? Taz: jycsuyg
f
kfH
G k f G k f
f
wduwe;f csuEipyfvsO;f I trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu r=umrDuzGŒJ pnf;vduaom jynfoŒl v$wf
k f G
f S hf
kd
f
k f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonfvnf; tusK;H 0ifonfuvnf; rSwom;xm;vduonf?
kd f
kd
f
k f
tyd'f (9) t&Tod@k q;kH jzwfonf?
k
tjynfjynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;yg tyd'rsm;ESitnD/ EdiioEiiom;
kd f
hf
k f
hf
k f H l kd f H
tm;vH;k udk Ediia&;udprsm;aqmif&u&mwGif vGwvyfpmyg0ifaqmif&uciay;&efEihf 'Dru a&pDo@kd
kfH
P
G f
f G
G f G hf
S kd
ajymif;vJraqmif&ucsursm;udk jrefjrefxufxufvyaqmif&ef/ txl;tm;jzifh 'Drua&pDenf;
_
G f f
k f
kd
vrf;jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;vufo@kd tm%m
f
kd f
f
ajymif;vJay;&eftwGuf oifawmfaomvkyaqmifcsutm;vH;k udk ðyvky&efuvnf; jrefrmEdiiH
$
h
f
f
f
kd
kf
tpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmwduwe;f onf?
G k f G
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360jynfEp/f ewfawmfvjynfausmf (5) &uf?
hS
h
1998 ckEp/f 'dZifbmv (8) &uf ?
S D
( trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I jzef‹csonf? )
d
kd
l
d
111

112. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfh aumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (1§99)
1?
*syefEiitpd;k &u Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zëŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD ppfaxmufvr;f a&;
kd f H
kfH
S
t&m&S}d uD;wOD;udk tpd;k &.{nfonfawmftjzpf zdw=f um;cJonf? ,if;uJo‹kd zw=f um;jcif;onf
h
h
h d
jrefrmEdiiY 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcëita&;twëuf óud;yrf;ae=uaomtzëŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vfrsm;
k f H kd
S hf
hf
udk enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifacsre;f &mY t"duvkyaqmifaeaom ppfaxmufve;f a&;tzëŒJ udk tm;ay;
h _
f
S
tm;ajr‡mufðy&ma&mufonf?
2?
xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u *syefEiiH
dk
$ f
kd f
f
kd f
atmufvwawmfEihf txufvwawmfEp&yfw@kd . OuUÏrsm;xHo@kd pmtm;jzifh rdrw@kd . pd;k &drrEihf
$ f
S
$ f
Sf
d
f_S
ra=ucsr;f r_ukd Zefe0g&v (20) &ufae@/ ae@pjJG zifh jrefrmEdii*syefo±;kH rSwqifh ta=umif;=um;cJyg
D
kfH
H
h
onf?
3?
112
ta=umif;=um;csursm;rSm atmufygwkd jh zpfygonf?
f
(1) u|Eyw@kdonf (1990) jynfEpf arvwGiusi;f ycJaom/ vGwvyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;
kf f
hS
f
h
f
aumufyrsm;rSwqif/h jrefrmEdiioEiiom;rsm;u a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufxm;onfh
GJ
k f H l kd f H
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf?
f
kd f
f
(2) ,cifEp0ufcef@rpI wpf&mhig;q,fausmaomu|Eyw@kd .vkyaz:udizuf v$wawmf
Sf
S
f
kf f
f
kf
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;onf jrefrmppftm%mydirsm;. w&m;Oya'rJxe;f odr;f xm;jcif;
k f
f
kf
h d
udcae&onf?
kH
(3) T w&m;Oya'rJxe;f odr;f jcif;rsm;onf v$wawmfac:,la&;udywyif&ef&nf&,f
h d
f
k d f
ë
aom pepfwusppfqifa&;wck. wpdwwydi;f jzpfonf? Tppfqifa&;ESihf tvm;wl
f k
jrefrmEdii'rua&pDvy&m;r_ukd acsre;f &ef&nf&,onfvyief;rsm;udk ppfaxmuf
k f H D kd
_fS
_
G f h kf
vSr;f a&; (MI) [lI trsm;uodaom umuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyf±;kH axmufvr;f a&;
f
S
!¸e=f um;a&;rª;Xmeu aqmif&uaejcif;jzpfonf?
G f

113. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(4) xd@k a=umifh ta&;ygaomppfaxmufvr;f a&;t&m&S}d uD;wOD;udk *syefEiio@kd tpd;k &
S
kd f H
{nfonfawmftjzpfzw=f um;vduonf[aom owif;onf tu|Eyw@kd tm; pd;k &drf
h
d
k f
l
kf f
pdwysuaponf?
f f
(5) jrefrmEdiijH ynfovxua&G;cs,wifajr‡mufxm;aomjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
kf
l l k
f
f
kd f
vS,rsm;. wm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEi&ef ydwyifjcif;cHae&aom u|Eyw@kd .
f
kd f
f
kf f
vkyaz:udizufu,pm;vS,rsm;.ud,pm;/ *syefEiiH jynfovx. a&G;cs,wif
f
kf
kd f
f
k f
kd f
l l k
f
ajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm;/ TuJo@kd u|Eyw@kd Eiiwif tajc
k f
f
h
kf f kd f H ë
cH 'Drua&pDvyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udk t"ducsKd ;zsuaeonfh
kd
k f
f
hf
f
tzGŒJ tpnf;0ifrsm;tm; {nfonftjzpfzwac: jcif;. tusKd ;oufa&mufrrsm;udk
h
d f
_
*±kðy&ef u|Eyw@kd utoday;tyfonf?
kf f
(6) xd@k tjyif u|Eyw@kd onf *syefEiiatmufvwawmf/ txufvwawmfu,pm;
kf f
kd f H
$ f
$ f
kd f
vS,rsm;tm; u|Eyw@kd . v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. vkyaqmifcsursm;udk
f
kf f
f
kd f
f
f
axmufc&ef yef=um;tyfonf? TaumfrwDukd ppftmtm%mydirsm;u trsKd ;
H
kf
om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf. v$wawmfac:,lay;a&;awmif;qdcsuukd wk@H jyef&efysuf
dk
f
k f
uGu+f yD;onfaemuf 1998 ckEpf pufwbFmv (16) &ufae@wif zGŒJ pnf;cJjh cif;jzpf+yD;/
h
S
G
TaumfrwDonf a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
f
f
kd
pm;vS,f (60) &mcdiEe;f ausm. vufrwx;kd ay;tyfcaom aqmif&uyiciukd
kf _
f
S f
hJ
G f kd f G hf
&&Sxm;onf?
d
(7) v$wawmfEp&yfrS OuUÏ}uD;rsm;tm; Tta=umif;=um;pmudk atmufvwawmf/
f
S f
$ f
txufvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vH;k xHo@kd jzef@csay;yg&ef arwWm&yfctyf
$ f
kd f
f
d
H
onf? r=umrDtem*wfwif *syefjynfovxEihf jrefrmjynfovx. 'Drua&pD
G
l l k S
l l k
kd
enf;t& a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom ud,pm;vS,rsm;t=um; ydrI&if;ES;D um
f
‡
k f
f
k kd
yl;aygi;f aqmif&ujf cif;rsm;jzpfay:vmrnf[k ar#mvifyga=umif;?
G
f h
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wykwvqef; (6)&uf//
hS
d JG
1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&Dv (22)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
113

114. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (1§99) .
aemufqufwëJ
twif;t"rR/ tvGe@f tvGe/f n‡O;f yrf;/ zrf;qD;/ xde;f odr;f onfa=umifh t=uyftwnf;trdsK;
rsKd ;=um;rS atmufygu,pm;vS,rsm;onfomv#if vufrwa&;xk;d Ediygonf?
dk f
f
S f
kf
OD;atmifa&$
- &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
k f dk
OD;vSaz
- {&m0wDwi;f / armfvòrdiu|e;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
dk
f
OD;oef;xGe;f
- rEœav;wki;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
d
OD;!Ge@f a0
- yJc;l wki;f / awmifiòl rdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
d
OD;vGif
- &efuewi;f / ok;H cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
k f dk
a'guwmaZmfjrifh
f
- {&m0wDwi;f / [oFwòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
dk
'l;0g;aZmfatmif
- ucsifjynfe,f/ 0ki;f armfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
d
OD;nDyk
- &ckijf ynfe,f/ *G®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
d
a':arESi;f =unf
- rEœav;wki;f / rk;d ukw®f rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
d
OD;a';ApfvjS rifh
- {&m0wDwi;f / iykawm®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
dk
OD;vGe;f wif
- rGejf ynfe,f/ armfv®rif®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;pk;d jrifh (ac: ) ocifp;dk jrifh - &efuewi;f / awmifOuUvmy®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
k f dk
OD;apmpdexe;f
f G
- yJc;l wki;f / ewfwvif;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
d
OD;!Ge@f 0if;
- {&m0wDwi;f / a&=unfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
dk
OD;0rf;armif
- rEœav;wki;f / wyfue;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
d
k
Akvr;ª armifarmifjrif(+idr;f )- rEœav;wki;f / rdwvm®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
d f
h
d
ˆD
OD;jrarmif
- &efuewi;f / a'gy®Hk rŒe,f rJqENe,f
k f dk
OD;ausmf
- rEœav;wki;f / ysO;f rem;®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
d
OD;cifarmifOD;
- weoFm&Dwi;f / uíe;f pk®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
dk
a':cifpef;vdif
_
- ppfui;f wki;f / 0ufvuf®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
dk d
OD;pdevif
f G
- &efuewi;f / a&$jynfom®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
k f dk
ocifcif!e‹f
¸
- rauë;wki;f / a&eHacsmif;®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
d
OD;wifatmif
- {&m0wDwi;f / 0g;c,fr®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
dk
114

115. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (1§99)
1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajr‡mufvuaom jynfoŒl
h S
D Hk D dk
JG
dk f
v$wawmfukd uk,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD) u *syefEiiH
f
d f
h
D
f
dk f
kd f
v$wawmf (2) &yf. OuUÏ }uD;rsm;xHo@dk 21-1-99 &ufae@u arwWm&yfconfta=umif;pmyg
f
H h
tcsursm;ukoom&ef a=unmtyfonf?
f
d d
(p) “1? 1990 jynfEpf arva&G;aumufywif a&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom jrefrmEdiijH ynfoŒl
hS
GJ G
f
‡
kf
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; av;eufpmpk;d &draomujzpfapaeonfh ta=umif;t&mwckudk
f
dk f
f
G
f
*syefEiiH atmufvwawmfEihf txufvwawmfOuUÏ}uD;rsm;tm; today;vkygonf? a&G;
kd f
$ f
S
$ f
d
aumufyrsm; usi;f ycJonfrm (9) ESpe;D yg;&S+d yDjzpfaomfvnf; jrefrmEdiiwif ,cifu Ediiawmf
JG
h
S
f
kfH G
kfH
+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp[k
f
kfH
D
ac:wGiaeaom ppftm%mykiw@dk onf v$wawmfuac:,lay;&ef jiif;qkconf? xk@d tjyif v$wf
f
df
f
dk
d hJ
awmfu,pm;vS,tajrmuftrsm;ukd Edixufp;D eif;usiI xkwy,fjcif;/ tusO;f csjcif;/ twif;
dk f
f
kf
hf
f
t=uyfEwxuapjcif;rsm;ukd ðyvkyaeygonf? tcsKŒd uk,pm;vS,rsm;onf Ediia&;Zmwfcay: Y
_ f G f
f
d f
f
kfH
Hk
'Drua&pDa&;v_y&m;r_udk qufvufaqmif&uEi&eftwGuf jynfyok@d xucmcJ=h uygonf?
dk
fS
G f kd f
G fG
2?
1998 ckEpf ZGevwGif 82µ (&Spq,fEp&mckiEe;f )r#rqENe,frsm;wGif tEdi&&Scaom
S f
f h S f df _
J
k f d hJ
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpudk rdrw@dk
dk
kfH
D
d
1990 jynfEptwGi;f ay;cJaom uwdrsm;ESihf ukunpm/ v$wawmfudk 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv
h S f
h
d f D G
f
S
f
(21) &ufae@rwkirac:,lay;yg&ef awmif;qkcygonf? tm%mykirsm;onf Tawmif;qkcsuudk
df D
d hJ
df
d f
wk@H jyef&efysuuuav&m trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf v$wawmfac:,la&;wm0efudk rdrw@dk
f G f
dk
f
d
uk,wif cH,vyaqmifrnfta=umif; a=unmcJygonf? tm%mykiw@dk .wk@H jyefcsurm a&G;cs,f
d f dk
l kf
h
h
df
fS
wifajrmufjcif;cHxm;&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf wufºupmv_y&m;aeonfh trsKd ;om;
‡
f
dk f
f
GG fS
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf axmufcorsm;tm; Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f vkujf cif;yifjzpfygonf?
dk
H l
d
3?
xk@d a=umihf 1998 ckEp/f pufwbFmv (16) &ufae@wi/f v$wawmfac:,lEia&;twGuf
S
G
f
kd f
óudwifjyifqifEi&ef/ v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwudk zGŒJ pnf;cJygonf? aumfrwD0if (10) OD;wk@d
kd f
f
dk f
D D
h
115

116. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
teuf wOD;rSm wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;jzpfaom &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cki'rdk
d
D
d
dk
df D
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zkr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@dk udk uk,pm;ðyonfh
f
dk
d
f
d f
yk*K~ vjf zpfygonf? txufazmfjyyg ygwrsm;teuf yxrygwEpconf 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufyY
d
D
DSfk
hSf
JG
rJqENe,frsm;wëif 'kw,ESihf wwd,trsm;qk;H toD;oD;tEdi&&Sc}hJ uygonf?
d
kf d
4?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDudk zGŒJ pnf;vkuonftcserpI tm%mykirsm;
f
kd f
d f h dfS
df
onf 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_rsm;ukacsre;f &ef óud;yrf;csursm;ukd t&Set[kef jr‡icygonf? 'Drua&pD
dk
_fS
d _
f
df
hf hJ
dk
ESihf vl@tcëita&;twGuvy&m;aeaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf tjcm;tzGŒJ tpnf;
hf
f _ f S
kd
S
rsm;.tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ukd odrzsi;f vSpm ESypufzEyjf cif;rsm;ukðd yvky+f yD;/ v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumf
f
G d f
d dS
f
dk f
rwDu v$wawmfOuUÏtjzpf trnfwifoi;f xm;aom/ &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ vnf;jzpf
f
G
d f D dk
aom a'guwmOD;apmjratmif tygt0if (150) ausmaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ukd Oya'
f
f
f
dk f
f
rJxe;f odr;f xm;ygonf? 'Drua&pDvy&m;r_udk acsre;f +y;D (1990) jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;ukd
h d
dk
_fS
_
hS
GJ
ta[moduH jzpfap&ef &nf&,onfh ppfqifa&;wckv;Hk ukd umuG,a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ ppfbufaxmuf
G f
f
vSr;f a&;!¸e=f um;a&;rª;±k;H u OD;pD;aqmif&uvsu&ygonf? xk@d a=umihf xkXmerS =oZm&SaomtzGŒJ
G f
f dS
d
d
0ifrsm;ukd *syefEiio@dk tpk;d &{nfonfawmfrsm;tjzpfzw=f um;jcif;onf tav;teufp;dk &draom
kd f H
h
d
f
ua&mufaponfh ta=umif;t&mjzpfygonf?
5?
OuUÏ}uD;wk@d . v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf jynfovxu rdrw@dk tpk;d &ukd rdrw@dk
f
dk f
f
l l k
d
d
uk,wia&G;cs,Eijf cif;[laom ±kyor;f r&onfh tcëita&;onf *syefEiiwi&ygonf? xkuo@dk
d f dk f
f kd
f d
hf
kd f H G f dS
d hJ
aom*k%oumukvufcxm;onfh yk*K~ vrsm;taejzifh jrefrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf tajccH
f d Q d
H
d f
k f H G dk
vlŒtcëita&;vkyenf;vky[efrsm;ukd pHepfwus csKd ;azguaeonfh &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom ppf
hf
f
f
f
axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒwckukd axmufcHaeonfhEdkifiHtjzpf txiftjrifrcH&ap&ef vkdtyfonfh
aqmif&ucsursm;udk ðyvkyay;yg&ef OuUÏ}uD;rsm;rSwqifh arwWm&yfcyef=um;tyfygonf?
G f f
f
H
6?
*syefEiiEihf jrefrmEdiiw@dk wif 'Drua&pDenf;t& a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh
kd f H S
kfH
G dk
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,w@dk onf/ rdrw@dk . a'oESihf wurBmvk;H . vGwvyfa&;ESihf +ir;f csr;f
f
dk f
f
d
f
d
a&;twGuf twlwuGvyuiEirnfh tcsea&mufvmrnf[k u|Eyw@dk tckitrm,k=H unfygonf?
k f dk f kd f
df
kf f
df
7?
Tta=umif;=um;csuudk OuUÏ }uD;rsm;. v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vk;H xHo@dk a0iS
f
f
dk f
f
ay;&ef arwWm&yfctyfygonf?” (qk;H )
H
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wyk‹d wvqef; (9)&uf?
hS
JG
1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&Dv (25)&uf?
S
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
116

117. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyo!fhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf = 3 (1§99)
1?
w&m;0ifrwywifxm;+yD;/ w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonfh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dk
S f kH
kd
tvkytr_aqmifwOD;jzpfaom OD;oef;xGe;f tay: w&m;Oya'rsm;ESiuif;rJpm ta=umif;rJvyf
f
hf
h G
h k
aqmifaejcif;rsm;ESiywfoufI atmufygtwdi;f a=unmvduonf?
hf
k
k f
2?
trsKd ;om;Ediia&;. t"duOD;wnfcsursm;jzpfaom 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;
kfH
f
kd
hf
rsm;&&Scpm;Edi&efaqmif&ua&;twGu/f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd jyÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'/
dH kf
G f
kd
enf;Oya'rsm;t& (17-9-88)&ufae@u EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya't& w&m;0if
rSwywifc+hJ yD;/ w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;v_y&m;pnf;±H;k aeonf?
f kH
fS
3?
Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'tcef; (1)/ yk'r 2? (u) u Tod@k qdxm;onf?
kfH
D
f kH
f
k
“Ediia&;ygwqonfrm ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDuvufcusio;kH aom tzGŒJ tpnf;udqvkd
kfH
D kd
S
S f
D kH D kd
kd
H hf
k kd
onf?” Tqdxm;csuEitnD tzGŒJ csKyf. OD;wnfcsursm;t& xif&m;ay:vGiaeonf?
k
f Sf
f
S
f
4?
Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'r(3) yg c|i;f csursm;ESihf vH;k 0uif;vGwf
kfH
D
f kH
f
f
aeonfa=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom/ trsKd ;om;Ediia&;
kd
kfH
tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfonf?
5?
Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'tcef; (3) wGif jyÏmef;csursm;ESihf uif;vGwonf
kfH
D
f kH
f
f
a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf 1990 jynfEpf arvu usi;f ycJonfh “vëwvyfI w&m;
kd
f
hS
h
f
r#wonf” qdaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxëtaxëa&G;aumufywif yg0if/ 0ifa&muf ta&G;cHchJ
k
D kH D kd
Jë ë
Ediygonf? ‚if;jyif rSwywifjcif; Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'r - 4 t& ESivnf; udunojzifh a&G;
kf
f kH
f
hf
k f D
aumufywif 0ifa&mufEiconf?
JG G
kd f hJ
6?
(1) “vGwvyfIw&m;r#wonf” qdaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGtaxGa&G;aumufyJG
f
k
D kH D kd
wGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,f (485) ae&mteuf (392) ae&m
kd
wGif tjywftowftEdi&&Sconf? jynfovxu rdrw@kd yiqionfh “tcsKyf
k f d hJ
l l k
d kd f kd f
tjcmtm%monf jynfovxrS qif;oufonf” qdaom tcsKyftjcmtm%m
l l k
k
udk 'Drua&pDusipOft&toH;k ðyI tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
kd
hf
f
kd f
avmif;rsm;udk wcJeuf qENray;vdu=f uI ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;onf jynfoŒl
J
k
k f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; jzpfvm=uonf? od@k jzpfa=umif;udvnf; tm%mydif
f
kd f
f
k
k
wd@k u w&m;0iftodtrSwðf y+yD;jzpfonf? ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
D kH D kd
117

118. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
usi;f ya&;ESioufqionfh a&G;aumufyaumfr&Siu rnfornf0gonf rnfonfh
hf
kd f
JG
f
l
rJqENe,frS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
(2) Oyrm OD;oef;xëe;f ESihf ywfoufv#if a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu (6-6-90)
JG
f
&ufae@pJë a=unmcsuf (609) jzifh rEœav;wdi;f / awmifom®rŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wf
k
awmfrqENe,fajrtrSwf (2) rSa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfoŒl v$wf
J
awmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r 41/ yk'rcGJ
kd f
f
f
f
(*)ESifhtnD a=unmtyfygonf[k az: jycJhonfa=umifh OD;oef;xGef;onf
w&m;0ifaeonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonf? rnfour# jiif;
$ f
kd f
f
l
y,fEijf cif;rðyEdi? tm%mydirsm;u “Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;” “Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;” [k ae@pOfvkd
kd
kf
kf
vdyifaºuG;a=umfaeonft&vnf; OD;oef;xGe;f onf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k
h
f
ud,pm;vS,jf zpfaeonf?
k f
(3) OD;oef;xGe;f onf ‚if;ESi,O®f yifol (4) OD; teufrS vGeconf (9) ESpcef@u ‚if;twGuf
hf S
f Jh
f
qENray;cGi&oO;D a&rSm (63115) OD;/ rJay;ol (47343) OD;ESihf cdivrJ (42749)
J
hf dS l
k f kH
&&Sonfa=umifh &mcdiEe;f (70.38) jzifjh ynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;
d
kf _
f
kd f
f
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh yk*Kd~ vfjzpfonf?
7?
TuJo@kd rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu wcJeufqENay;vduI jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
S
l l k
k f
f
kd f
vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh *k%oa&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;jzpfonftjyif rdrEiiawmf
f
f
h
d kd f H
vGwvyfa&;&S&ef óu;d yrf;r_tqifqifwif ud,wiu,us yg0ifxrf;aqmifvy&m;cJonfh yk*Kd~ v}f u;D
f
d
h h G k f kd f kd f
_fS h
ud/k OD;oef;xGe;f . arG;&mZmwdjzpf+yD;/ }uD;jyif;vmcJonfh a'orS 15-12-98 &ufae@u awmif
h
om®rŒe,f 0Javmifwue,fa'o/ ±H;k pnf}uD;wdue,fa'oESi/hf zufawmwdue,f a'o rsm;Y
kd f
k f
k f
rnfouaus;&Gmvlxukd pka0;apI/ rnfou rnfo@kd trde@f ay;cdi;f apjcif;rsm;udk twdtus rod&
l
k
l
k
bJ/ aus;&ëmjynfojl ynfom;rsm;udk pka0;ap+y;D w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f
f
kd f
tm; tm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;wd@k uom wOD;wnf; OD;pD;ydiqiI vufuixm;onfh owif;pmrsm;
kf
k f kd f
kd f
u (p) “awmifom®rŒe,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (2)rS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f tm; t,Ht
f
kd f
k
=unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufca=umif; qENðyrJqEN&if ig;aomif;ajcmufaxmifausmf vufrwa&;xd;k
H
S
S f
rSwwrf;ay;tyf” (qH;k ) qdaom acgi;f pOfjzifh a&;om;xm;onfuawGŒ&S&onf?
f
k
kd
d
8?
Tvky&yfrsm;onf atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vH;k 0OHk w&m;r0ifonfvy&yf
f
h k f
rsm;jzpfonf?
(u) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzëJ /h (,ck Ediiawmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
kfH
f
kfH
zëH ®h z;a&;aumifp) . 18-9-88 ae@pyg trde@f trSwf 2§88 tyd'f 1?(c) t& “» » »
D
JG
k
vlig;a,mufEihf vlig;OD;xufyI vrf;rsm;ay:wëipa0;jcif;” rðy&[laom tcsuonf
S
kd
fk
f
,ae@xufwif touf0ifvsu&aeonf? od@k aomf txufaz: jyyg ae&mwdk Y (5)OD;
kd
f dS
h
xufyonfh vlrsm;jzifh pka0;cJonf?
kd
h
(c) ‚if;jyif “qlyv@_H aqmfvaom &nf&,csujf zifjh zpfap/ jypfrwpHw&m usL;vGevaom
l
kd
G f
_ k
f kd
118

119. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
&nf&,csujf zifjh zpfap » » »” [kqxm;jyefonf? od‹k aus;&Gmvlxupa0;+y;D vkyaqmif
G f
kd
k kd k
f
jcif;onf qlyrj_ zpfapEdionf? tb,fa=umifqaomf um,uH&iy*Kd~ vfukd axmufcH
l
kf
h
h kd
Sf k
olrsm;ESi/hf raxmufcorsm; tcsi;f jzpfym;+yD; qlyrj_ zpfEip&mta=umif;&Sonf?
H l
G
l
kd f
d
(*) vl (5) a,mufxufyI pka0;jcif;rSm oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd . cGiðhf ycsur&bJ rnfo@kd
kd
kd f
kf
f
r#pka0;jcif;rðyEdkifyg? txufyguJhodk@ qlylv_yf&Sm;r_jzpfay:apEdkifonfh vlpka0;jcif;udk
cGiðhf y+yD;/ rnfonftcgwirS &yf&mat;csr;f om,ma&;udrxdcuEionfh pka0;jcif;rsm;
h
Gf
G
k kd f kd f
udk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; tm%mydirsm;u w}udrwcgr# cëiðhf ycJjh cif; r&Sacs?
kd
kf
f
d
(C) tm%mydiwkd u w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfaeonf[k todtrSwf
kf h
f
kd f
ðyxm;onfy*Kd~ vfukd “t,Ht=unfr&S/d vH;k 0 raxmufc»»»” tp&Sonfw@kd onf
h k
k
H
d
oufqi&myk*Kd~ vf. *k%oumudk xdcuaponf?
kd f
f d Q
kd f
(i) yk*Kd~ vfwOD;wa,muf. *k%oumudk xdcuonfa=umifh w&m;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;
f d Q
kd f
cHEi&onfh olrsm;rSm atmufygwdk h jzpfonf?
kd f
(1) 0Javmifwue,fa'orS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom t+ir;f pm; txufwef;
kd f
d
ausmif;tky}f uD;OD;rif;vGi/f armfawmf,mOfvyief;ydi&if OD;vSaiG/ t+idr;f pm; rlv
k f kf S
wef; ausmif;tkyq&m}u;D OD;ayg/ tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a': &D&at;/ rJqEN
f
D
&Sirsm;uk,pm;[kac:qdaom udi;f &GmrS awmifo}l uD;OD;ausmatmif/ t,Ht=unf
f
d f
k
k
f
k
r&Sd vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif; qENðyvufrwa&;xd;k xm;onfh rSwwrf;uday;
H
S f
f
k
tyfol 0Javmifaus;&ëmrS awmifo}l uD; OD;uHxe/f vufcol awmifomòrdŒe,f a&G;
d
H
aumufyaumfr&SictzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;rif;Edi?
JG
f JG
kf
rSwcsuf = a±G;aumufyusi;ya&;aumfr&Siqonfrm a±G;aumufyusi;ya&;twGuom
f
JG f
f kd
S
JG f
f
zGŒJ pnf; ay;jcif;cHxm;&onftzGŒJ jzpfonf? a±G;aumufy_JG y;onfrm (9)ESpausme;yg;yifjzpf
h
D
S
f fD
aeonfa-umifh a±G;aumufyusi;ya&;aumfr&Siqonf.vkyief;rSm _y;qH;ae_yjD zpfonf?)
JG f
f kd
f
D k
(2) ±H;k pnf}uD;wdue,fa'rS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom armfawmf,mOfvyief;
k f
k f
ydi&if OD;xufprf;/ awmifoO;D xGe;f at;/ awmifoO;D aZmfjrif/h tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf
kfS
l
l
=uaom a':atmifar=unf ESihf a':cifoif;aqG/ a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&onfh
‡
yk*Kd~ vfukd ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS jyefvnfy,fzsuay;apvda=umif; rSwwrf;wifjyol
k f
f
f
k
f
±Hk;pnf}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;xdef0if;ESifh vufcHol ®rŒe,faumfr&SiftzGJŒcGJrS
OD;vSwif?
(3) zufawmwdue,fa'orS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom awmifo}l u;D rsm; jzpf=u
k f
onfh OD;cuf&if/ OD;ode;f xëe;f / OD;aiëayg/ tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':0if;0if;
ESihf a':rlroef;/ w&m;0iftodtrSwðf yxm;+yD;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;
l
f
k f
vS,ukd todtrSwrðy&ef &Si;f vif;ajym=um;onfh bk&m;vSaus;&GmrS awmifol
f
f
OD;jrifoe;f / rSwwrf;rsm;uday;tyfonfh +cH}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifoO;D tke;f aqmif/
h d
f
k
l
rSwwrf;udk vufcol ®rŒe,faumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ wGbuftwGi;f a&;rª; OD;wifoe;f ?
f
H
f
J
d
119

120. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
9?
txufygvy&yfrsm;onf tm%mydirsm;u xkwjf yefxm;onfh Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwykH
kf
kf
kfH
D
f
wifjcif;Oya'/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ESihf (,cif) Ediiawmf +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnf
f
GJ
kfH
f
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ / (,ck) Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. trde@f trSwf 2§88
kfH
D
ygjyÏmef;csursm;udk vH;k 0OHzsuq;D vdujf cif; jzpfayonf?
f
k f
k
10?
vH;k 0rvkyoifrvkyxuonfup/P Oya'rJ/h w&m;rJ/h ta=umif;rJh aqmif&ujf cif;rsm;udk
f h
f kd f h d
G
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu jyif;xefpm±_wcsuef@uuvuonf? tqdygvy&yfrsm;udk tjref
kd
G f
G f kd f
k kf
qH;k jyefvnf±wor;f ay;&ef av;eufpmwduwe;f vduonf?
k f d
G k f G k f
11?
txufygvy&yfrsm;onf oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd u wzufwvrf;u yg0ifaqmif
k f
kd f
kf
&Guaejcif;jzpfonf[k wGucsu,qEdiygonf? tm%mydiw@kd onf trsm;jynfovxzufrS Oya'
f
f f l kf
kf
l l k
t&tumtuG,ay;&rnftpm; jynfovxw@kd tm;ESyuyaeonfjzpfonfa=umifh odumus
f
h
l l k
df Gf
Q
vGe;f vSonf? wdi;f jynftm%mydirsm;onf odum&Sonfvyief;&yfrsm;udom vkyaqmifoif+h yD;
k
kf
Q d h kf
k
f
rdrw@kd xwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk rdrwkd ucsKd ;azgurypf&efjzpfonf?
d
k
d h
f
12?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[dtvkytr_aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD; w&m;0ifaeonfh jynf
kd
k
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfol OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf ywfoufI vky&yfrsm;rSmf
kd f
f
(1) a&G;aumufyJG Oya'udk vduemr_r&Sjd cif;/
k f
(2) a&G;aumufyusi;f yay;onfh tm%mydiwkd ukd raxrJjh rifðyjcif;/
JG
kf h
(3) tjcm;tjcm;aom rJqEN&if jynfowkd . *k%oumudk usapjcif;/
S
l h
f d Q
(4) a&G;aumufyukd odumudcsjcif;/
JG
Q k
(5) a&G;aumufy&v'fuzsuypfvjkd cif;/
JG
kd f
(6) w&m;Oya'rJvy&yfrsm;udk tm%myditzGŒJ wd@k u oef &i;f pif=u,fI ±d;k om;jzLpif
h k f
kf
h S
ajzmifjh zL;+yD; a=umufpwtoGi;f cHae&aom jynfovxukd ckw;kH vkyjf cif;/
d f
l l k
(7) w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
kd
f
kd f
rsm;udk enf;rsKd ;pHtoH;k ðyI E_wxuapjcif; tp&Sonfwkd jh zpfonf?
k
f G f
d
13? OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf ywfoufI w&m;Oya'rJaqmif&u=f uolrsm;onf Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_
h
G
kfH
f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / (,ck) Ediiawmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpu xkwjf yef xm;
kfH
D
onfh “w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'” tcef; (2) yg jyÏmef;csursm;ESihf tcef; (3) yk'r 4? (u) rsm;udk
f
f
owdr=l u&ef owday;vduonf?
k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wyd‹k wvqef; (13)&uf?
hS
JG
1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&Dv(29)&uf?
S
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
dk
d
120

121. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 4 (2§99)
1?
w&m;0if&yfwnfvy&m;aeaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
_fS
kd
f
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyrS jynfe,f§wdi;f / ®rŒe,f/ &yf§aus;ESihf ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk axmufvr;f a&;
f
f
k
S
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? tcsKd Œudk
h
(1998) ckEp/f ZGevrSpI vnf;aumif;/ trsm;pkukd (1998) ckEpf pufwbFmvrS pIvnf;aumif;
S
f
S
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifconf?
hJ
2?
vH;k 0OHtjypfr&Sonfy*Kd~ vrsm;udk rnfonfh Oya'udr# ud;k um;jcif;r&SbJ tom;vGwf
k
d hk f
k
d
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;onf vH;k 0w&m;0ifonfupr[kwyg? rdrwi;f jynfwif Oya'&S[ef
h dP
f
d kd
G
d
rwlonftajctaeod@k a&mufaeygonf?
h
3?
tzGŒJ csKyfrS zrf;qD;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk v$wawmfu,pm;
f
kd f
f
f
kd f
vS,tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfrvnf;aumif; twif;t"rREwxuapcdi;f jcif;/ usetzGŒJ 0if
f
S
S
_ f G f k
f
rsm;udk tzGŒJ csKyfrS twif;t"rRw&m;Oya'rJEwxuapcdi;f jcif;rsm;udk axmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0if
h _ f G f k
S
rsm;uaqmif&uaeonf? Tudprsm;onf &mZowf}uD; (jypfrqi&mOya') yk'r (503) ESihf
G f
P
_ kd f
f
(506) wd@k ukd usL;vëeI &mZ0wfrrsm;udk usL;vGeaejcif;yifjzpfonf? zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f
f
_
f
d
cHxm;olrsm;udk twif;t"rR+cdr;f ajcmufI E_wxuapjcif;rsm;onf vH;k 0OHk vkyoifvyxuf
f G f
f h k f kd
onfup&yfr[kway? aqmif&uorsm;twëuf odumusve;f onf?
h dP
f
G f l
Q
G
4?
txufyguo@kd tzëŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; twif;t"rR E_wf
hJ
f
kd f
f
xGuapcdi;f jcif;rsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rS Advr;ª pnfol (trftitrSwf 6) ESihf Advr;ª
f k
S
k f
kd f
k f
ol& (ac: ) aepd;k (trftitrSwf 12) wd@k u ud,wiu,us aqmif&uaeonf[k =um;od&onf?
kd f
k f kd f kd f
ë f
tm%mydirsm;u w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[kaºu;G a=umfxm;onfrsm;t& Tudprsm;udk qufvufI
kf
P
raqmif&uap&ef txuftm%mydirsm;u wm;qD;ydwyifay;&efwuwe;f vduonf?
G f
kf
f
kd f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wyd‹k wvjynfausm(1)&uf//
hS
JG
h f
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv(1)&uf//
S
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
dk
d
121

122. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 5 (2§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu 29-1-99 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefconfh a=unmcsutrSwf
kd
hJ
f
16 (1§99) udk ,ck 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajrmufvuaom
hS
D kH D kd
JG
‡
kd f
jynfo@l vwawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD) . a=unm
$ f
kd kd f
h
f
kd f
csutrSw-3 (1§99) [k jyifqifxm;onf?
f
f
2?
tqdyga=unmcsuwiyg0ifonfh a=unmcsursm;ESihf ywfoufI aemufxyf=um;od&
k
f Gf
f
onfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk xyfrazmfjyvduonf?
H
k f
(u) rEœav;wdi;f awmifom®rŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfovxuaxmufcI qEN
k
l l k
H
rJay;+y;D / jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&+y;D / w&m;
f
kd f
f
‡
0ifaeonfu,pm;vS,ukd rnfonfOya'rSr&Sonfh rw&m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;t&/
h kd f
f
h
d
twif;t"rR E_wxuap&ef twif;t"rRztm;ay;jcif;/ od@k E_wxuap&ef vlpa0;&mY
f G f
d
f ë f
k
awmifom®rŒay: &S&yfuursm;rSrqEN&irsm; yg0ifwufa&mufcjhJ cif;r&S[k =um;od&onf?
d G f
J Sf
d
(c) jynfovxuppnf;ap&mwGif ±d;k om;jzLpifI aumif;&maumif;a=umif;jzifh toufarG;
l l k kd k
0rf;a=umif;ðyaeaom aus;&Gmolaus;&Gmom;rsm;tm; oufqi&mtm%mydirsm;u
kd f
kf
ajymifajymifwif;wif;aqmif&Gufjcif;r&SdbJ aemufuG,frSaeI twif;t"rRrw&m;
+cdr;f ajcmufonfvyief;rsm;udk atmufygtwdi;f aqmif&uonf[k =um;od&onf?
h kf
k
G f
(1) vlpa0;&mod@k rwufa&mufv#if oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd u '%faiG±urnf§ r±duf
k
kd f
kf
kd f
k
rnfukd tmrcHjcif;rðyEdia=umif;/ rdru,rrd aetdrrsm;twGuf vHòk cHa&;tmr˜rcH
kf
d kd f d
f
Edia=umif;/ ab;tEœ&m,ftrs;d rsKd ;ESihf awGŒóuHEia=umif;?
kf
kd f
(2) pnf;a0;&mod@k wufa&mufap&mwGif touf (18) ESpf jynhowi;f udk rnfonfacgi;f
f l kd
h
pOfrrygonfh pm&GutvGway:wGif trnf/ touf/ tvkytudi/f arG;ouU&mZf
S
f
f
f k
ESihf vufrwrsm;udk twif;t"rRa&;xd;k apcdi;f jcif;/ (1990jynfEpf a&G;aumufyusi;f
S f
k
hS
JG
ypOfu/ Tvli,frsm;onf rnfuokd h touf (18) ESpf jynfaernfenf;) wrifouf
hJ
h
ouf uvdruuspusjcif;jzpfonf?
f
f
3?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfac:,lay;&ef trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu w&m;ojzifh awmif;
f
kd
f
qdconf? tm%mydiw@kd uvspvsL±_conf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yf ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sao;bJ
k hJ
kf
f
hJ
f
f
d
122

123. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;onf rdr.rJqENe,ftwGuf aumif;usKd ;/ raumif;usKd ; vkyf
f
kd f
f
d
aqmifEirnfukd rnfouqH;k jzwfEiygrnfenf;? wrifoufouf tzGŒJ csKyfEihf tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl
kd f
l
kd f
S
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ukd rw&m;vkyaqmifjcif;omjzpfonfrm xif&m;aeonf? Tudpukd
f
kd f
f
f
S
S
P
vlwi;f vG,v,Eiyif awG;awm}uHqEdionf?
kd
f G f S hf
kf
4?
w&m;Oya'ESiywfoufIwifjy&v#if ,cifEiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ /
hf
kd f H
df
,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpu 26-9-88 &ufae@pEihf xkwjf yefxm;
kfH
D
JG S
onfh w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'ygtcsursm;udk awmifomòrŒd e,f jynfovxoom&ef xkwazmfvuf
f
l l k d
f
kd
onf?
Oya'/ tcef;(2)
w&m;pD&ifa&;qdi&mrlrsm;/
kf
yk'r -2 ? w&m;pD&if&mwGif atmufygrrsm;tay: tajccHIpD&if&rnff
l
(u) Oya'ESihf tnD vGwvyfpm w&m;pD&ifjcif;/
f
G
(c) jynfow@kd . tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk umuG,apmifa&SmufI w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajr
l
f
h
at;csr;f om,ma&;wnfaqmuf&mwGif taxmuftul jzpfapjcif;/
(*) Oya'udk jynforsm;u em;vnfvuemusio;kH vmap&ef ynmay;jcif;ESihf jynfol
l
kd f
hf
rsm;u Oya'udvuemaomtavhtusihf ysKd ;axmifay;jcif;/
k kd f
(C) tr_uprsm;udk Oya'cGiðhf ycsuabmiftwGi;f Y Oya'ESitnD ausat;+yD;jywfap
d P
f
hf
&efaqmif&ujf cif;/
G
(i) Oya't& wm;jrpfxm;csurty jynfoŒl a&SŒarSmufwif w&m;pD&ifjcif;/
f S
G
(p) tr_wif ckcacsycGiEihf Oya't& t,lcyiciay;jcif;/
G H
hf S
H kd f G hf
(q) jypfrusL;vGeoukd ta&;,ltjypfay;&mwGif tusipm&dwW ðyjyifrukd OD;wnfjcif;/
_
f l
hf
_
Oya'/ tcef;(4)
w&m;±H;csKyf. pD&ifyicihf tm%mrsm;/
k
kd f ë
yk'r-4 ? w&m;±H;k csKyf. pD&ifyicihf tm%mrsm;onf atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonff
kd f G
k
(u) jypfrqi&m rlvr_/ w&m;r rlvr_ukd pD&ifjcif;/
_ kd f
5?
urBmrnfonfh wdi;f jynfYrqdk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf jynfovxu
h
k
f
kd f
f
l l k
a&G;cs,wifajrmufxm;onf/h jynfovxu,pm; aumif;&maumif;usKd ;rsm;udk v$wawmfrwqifh
f
‡
l l k kd f
f
S
aqmif&ucihf tjynft0&S=d uonfh *k%usuoa&taygi;f ESihf jynfporsm;jzpf=uonf? xduo@kd
G fG
h
f
f
kH l
k hJ
aomyk*~Kdvfrsm;udk rnfonfhtjypftemtqmr#r&SdbJ/ epfemap&ef *k%foduQmysufjym;ap&ef
ðyvkyaqmif&ujf cif;onf wdi;f jynf.ordi;f tem*wfukd oabmraygu/f wdi;f jynfEivrsKd ;.
f
G
k
k
k
S hf l
123

124. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
*k%oumudk raxmufxm;/ twdw/f ypPKy`e/f tem*wfw@kd . qufpyfruvnf; em;rvnf/ rdrd
f d Q
_ kd
wd@k vyEici&cuf xif&mpdi;f vkyuirnf[aom rrSeaomoabmxm;±di;f jzifh vkyuijf cif;
k f kd f G hf dS kd
k
f kd f
l
f
k
f kd
omjzpfonf? vH;k 0OHk rvkyoifrvkyxuaomudp&yfjzpfonf?
f h
f kd f
P
6?
urBmtv,fwif rdrwi;f jynf. odumusqif;r_ rjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;/ Tod‹k r[kwf
h
G d kd
Q
rw&m;vkyuiorsm;ud,wi. *k%oumrusqif;ap&eftwGuvnf;aumif;/ rdru,urrd
f kd f l
k f kd f
f d Q
f
d kd f kd d
umuG,yicihf vH;k 0aysmufq;kH aeaomjynfovxucw;kH vkyI rw&m;toH;k csaomvky&yfukd
f kd f G
l l k kd k
f
f
tjrefq;kH &yfpvu&efwuwe;f vduonf?
J kd f kd f G k f
7?
rEœav;wdi;f awmifom®rŒe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
k
kd
f
kd
pm;vS,Eihf jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD0if OD;oef;xGe;f ESiwuG/ tjcm; jynfoŒl v$wf
f S
$ f
kd f
hf
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vH;k wd@k taejzifh tm%mydirsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;
kd f
f
kf
f
&ef ysuuuaeaoma=umifh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. tcGitm%mESihf vkyyicirsm;t&
f G f
f
kd f
f
hf
f kd f G hf
jynfoŒl tusKd ;ðyvkyief;rsm;udk ,cktcsetxd vkyyiciv;kH 0r&S=d uao;acs?
f
d f
f kd f G hf
8?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh jynfovxEihf wdi;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;ðy
h
f
kd f
f
l l kS k
vkyief;&yfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifh aqmif&uay;&ef wm0ef&onftavsmuf/ 1990
f
f
S
G f
dS h
jynfEpf a&G;aumufyOya't& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk tjcm;
h S
JG
k f
f
aom rnfonfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ trde@f tm%mrsm;jzifvnf;aumif;/ rdrw@kd . qENt&vnf;
h
d
aumif;/ E_wfxGufjcif;ESifh xkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk rnfolurSðyvkyfEdkifjcif;r&Sda=umif;/ 17-9-98
&ufae@u jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) wGif twdtvif;
f
kd f
a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
9?
od@k twëua=umifh rEœav;wdi;f awmifom®rŒe,frS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
k
f
kd f
OD;oef;xGe;f tay: tm%mydirsm;. r±d;k rom;ðyr_Eihf tumtuG,r/hJ ta=umufw&m;atmufrS
kf
S
f
jynfovxtm; ckw;kH vkytoH;k csouJo@kd aomjzpf&yfrsKd ; tjcm;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay:
l l k
f
h
f
kd f
f
xyfrIray:ayguap&ef oufqi&mwdk tm; av;eufpm owday;wduwe;f vduonf?
H
f
kd f
h
G
k f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wydk wvwef; (3) &uf//
hS
h JG
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv (3) &uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
124

125. pOf
trnf
tbtrnf
touf
tvky ftudkif
aus;&Gm
aus;&Gmtky fpk
vufr Swf
rSwfcsuf
1990 jynfEpf jynfoŒl v$wawmf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufy/JG jrif;cc±dif ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmftrSwf (1) rJqENe,fajrrS
hS
f
+H k
f
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufc&aom trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;AdvZtm; t,Ht-unfr&Sd
H
dk
f
kd f
k fH
k
vH;0raxmufcawmha-umif; ,if;rJqENe,fajrrS rJqEN&irsm;. qENðyvufrwa&;xd;jcif;rSwwrf;
k
H
Sf
S f
k
f
ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
125

126. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 6 (2§99)
1?
rEœav;wdi;f / ausmufyef;awmif;®rŒe,frS rJqEN&if jynfovxu wcJeufqENray;I
k
S
l l k
J
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vduaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
k f
kd
f
kd f
vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;AdvZH ESihf OD;aiGxe;f wd@k tm; oufqi&mtm%myditzGŒJ toD;oD;rSorsm;u
f
k f
G
kd f
kf
l
w&m;0ifaeaomjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD; E_wxuap&ef w&m;enf;vrf;vk;H 0rus
f
kd f
f ë f
twif;t"rRenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh zdEyjf cif;rsm;ðyvkyaeonf[k =um;od&onf? vufawGŒvkyaqmifae
dS
f
f
olrm ®rŒe,fOuUÏ OD;aZmfvif jzpfonf[k owif;&ygonf?
S
G
2?
1988 ckEprpI wdi;f jynftm%mudk rw&m;odr;f ,lxm;onfh yk*Kd~ vrsm;u xkwjf yefxm;
SfS
k
f
onfh Oya'rsm;/ a=unmcsursm;t& txufyg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;wd@k onf
f
h
f
kd f
w&m;0ifaeaom ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚if;wd@k onf rnfonfOya'udr# usL;vGejf cif;
k f
f
h
k
r&Sonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf=uonf? xd@k a=umifh ‚if;wd@k tm; rnfonfenf;ESir# E_wxuapjcif;rðyEdiyg?
d
h
hf
f G f
kf
oufqi&mtm%mydiw‹kd u ‚if;wd‹k tm; twif;t"rR E_wxuapjcif;a=umifh &mZ0wfrusL;ae
kd f
kf
f G f
_
onf[q&rnf?
k kd
3?
oufqi&myk*Kd~ vfrsm;u w&m;enf;vrf;rSeuefpm/ E_wxuay;jcif;rðyonfa=umif/h
kd f
f
G
f G f
oufqi&mtm%myditzGŒJ . OuUÏjzpfol OD;aZmfviu atmufygrw&m;aomenf;vrf;rsm;udk
kd f
kf
Gf
toH;k ðyaeonf?
(u) OD;AdvZ. t=um;tm±Ha=umcsKd Œ,Gi;f aeonfZeD;jzpfotm; 3-2-99 &ufae@ eHeuf
k f H
k
h
l
(9;30)em&Dcef‹u ®rŒe,ftm%myditzGŒJ ±H;k od‹k ac:,l+yD; +cdr;f ajcmufonf? +cdr;f ajcmuf
kf
yHrsm;rSmk
f f
f S
- NLD tm;rysuysuatmifzsurmjzpfa=umif;//
d
S
J S
d
f S k f
- NLD tzGŒJ 0ifrom;pkEihf aqGrsKd ;nmwdxrm 0efxrf;&Sygu tvkyrxwypfrnf
jzpfa=umif;? ausmif;olausmif; om;rsm;&Sygu ausmif;rSxwypfrnfjzpfa=umif;?
d
k f
- pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;vkyaev#ivnf; ysuatmifywyifrnfjzpfa=umif;//
f
f
f
f
d f
- tu,fI b%facs;aiG&yguvnf; ta&;,lrnfjzpf+yD; aemufxyfacs;rnfr[kwf
dS
a=umif;//
- NLD [m tpd;k &udk qef usiaewJh tzGŒJ jzpfw,f//
h f
- 'Dvvy&wmawG[m txl;pDrcsuy[k ±di;f pdi;f pGmajymqdjk cif;wdk jh zpfygonf?
kd k f
H f J k k
(c) OD;aiGxe;f .rdom;pkrsm;tm;vnf; OD;AdvZ.rdom;pkrsm;udk ajymqdonfenf;twdi;f
G
k f H
k h
k
®rŒe,fOuUÏuajymoGm;onf[k od&ygonf?
126

127. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
4?
4-2-99 &ufae@wif OD;aiGxe;f ESihf OD;AdvZw@kd tm; tm%mydirsm;xH (12;30) em&D
G
G
k f H
kf
cef@wivnf;aumif;/ (13;00) cef@wivnf;aumif; zrf;qD;oGm;=ujyefonf? twif;t"rREwf
Gf
Gf
_
xGuci;f jyefonf? od@k aomf ‚if;wd@k tm; n (22;00) em&Dcef wif jyefvway;vduonf?
f kd
h G
$ f
k f
5?
oufqi&mud,pm;vS,rsm;u rnfo@kd yifztm;ay;ay; E_wxuay;jcif;r&Sonfa=umifh
kd f k f
f
d
f G f
d
tm%mydirsm;u OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wlvyaqmif=urnf[k owif;twdtus&&Sxm;onf?
kf
kf
d
6?
tm%mydirsm;u }u§zëŒH tzëŒJ 0ifrsm;udk twëi;f a&;rª;jzpfol udatmif0if;=unfu acgi;f
kf
hH
k
aqmifI apcdi;f um/ tdraxmifpZ,m;rsm;udk twif;odr;f ,l+y;D / yl;wGygyprsm;wGif ‚if;wd@k bmom
k
f
k
J kH H
wtdrwuf wtdrqif; vlpm&if;rsm;a&;+y;D / wOD;csi;f vufrwa&;xd;k &efrvdb/J tdraxmifO;D pD;wOD;
f
f
S f
k
f
uom vufrwa&;xd;k &+y;D TZ,m;rsm;t& jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk t,Ht=unf
S f
f
kd f
f
k
r&SI vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif;[k rw&m;a=unmrnfjzpfonf? od@k a=unmjcif;udk 15-2d
H
99 &ufae@rwdirD vkyaqmifrnf[=k um;od&onf?
kf
f
7?
rJqEN&Sifvlxk}uD;tm; rJqENray;bJaevdkuaeEdkifonf[k rJay;&rnfhae@rwdkifrDnY
tcsKd @tpdwtydi;f rsm;u vduv[ef@wm;aoë;aqmifaeonf=h um;rSyif/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f k
k f H
f
kd f
vS,rsm;onf jynfovxu ‚if;wd@k .oabmqENt& rnfour# wduwe;f r_r&dbJ qENray;I
f
l l k
l
k f G
S
J
w&m;0ifa&G;aumufjcif;cH&onfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfygonf? tm%mydirsm;ud,wiuvnf; w&m;0if
kf
k f kd f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf+yD;[k a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk jynfoŒl
k f
f
f
kd f
f
v$wawmfw&yfay:vmonftcgwiom/ rdrEwxuva=umif;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfOuUÏrS
f
h
Gf
d _ f G f kd
f
wqifwifjyI/ ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vH;k . oabmwlncsu&rSomv#i/f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
h
k f
f
D f
f
kd f
tjzpfrEwxuEionf? od@k r[kwygu rnfonfenf;ESir# E_wxujf cif;rðyEdiyg? rnfour#vnf;
S _ f G f kd f
f
h
hf
f G
kf
l
E_wxuciðhf ya=umif; w&m;0if a=unmEdijf cif;r&Syg?
f G fG
k
d
8?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf jynfo@l vwawmfw&yfukd tm%mydirsm;u
f
kd f
f
ì f
kf
Oya'u jyÏmef;xm;ygvsuEihf ac:,lay;jcif;r&Sonfa=umifh rdroufqi&mrJqENe,ftusKd ;t
f S
d
d
kd f
wGuvnf;aumif;/ wdi;f jynf.tusKd ;twGuvnf;aumif;/ rdru aqmif&uay;vd=k uaomfvnf;/
f
k
f
d
G f
tm%mydirsm;u rw&m;vkyaqmifxm;onfa=umifh vkyuiEijf cif;r&S=d uyg? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl
kf
f
f kd f kd
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay:wGif vH;k 0OHtjypftemtqmr&Syg? v$wawmfac:ray;onfh
f
kd f
f
k
d
f
tm%myditzGŒJ rsm;tay:wGiom tjypfv;kH 0&Sonf? jynfo.'%fcwfrukd cH&p&mta=umif;
kf
f
d
l
_
&Sonf?
d
9?
tm%mydirsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lay;jcif;rðyonftjyif/ oufqi&mud,f
kf
f
h
kd f k
pm;vS,rsm;udvnf; rdrrqENe,fo@kd oGm;a&mufjcif;rðyEdiatmif rw&m;aomenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh
f
k
dJ
kf
uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;jyefonf? od@k uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;ygv#if rnfuo@kd rdrwm0efukd xrf;aqmif
hJ
d
Ediygrnfenf;? pOf;pm;wwforsm; od&=dS urnfomjzpfonf?
kf
l
127

128. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
10?
OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wl OD;AdvZEihf OD;aiGxe;f wd@k tjyif tzGŒJ csKyf. A[dtvkytr_aqmif
k f H S
G
k
f
tzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpfo/l rdrwi;f jynf vGwvyfa&;óud;yrf;r_rsm;wGif 1942 rS 1948 ckEptxd ud,wif
d kd
f
Sf
k f kd
ud,usyg0ifaqmif&ucol rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòriòf rŒd e,f rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
k f
G f hJ
d
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vGe;f wiftay:wGivnf; tm%mydirsm;u rw&m;onfenf;vrf;rsm;udk
kd f
f
kf
h
r=umrD toH;k ðyawmhrnf[k owif;=um;od&onf?
11?
‚if;jyif OD;vGef;wifuJhodk@ wdkif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf udk,fwdkifudk,fusóud;yrf;
aqmif&ucol {&m0wDwi;f armfvòriu|e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
G f hJ
kd
df
f
kd
pm;vS,/f tzGŒJ csKyf. A[dtvkytr_aqmifwOD;jzpfol OD;vSaz/ jrefatmifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf
k
f
(1) rS OD;wifO;D / trSwf (2) rS OD;jrifo%;f wd@k tm;vnf;/ OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wl tm%mydirsm;u
h d
kf
rw&m;vkyaqmif=urnf[k owif;=um;od&ygonf?
f
12?
tm%mydirsm;. txufygvy&yfrsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk
kf
k f
f
kd f
f
txuftyd'f (6) wGiazmfjyxm;onftwdi;f / w&m;Oya'tm;jzifh vkyaqmifEijf cif;r&Say? rnfo@kd
k
f
h k
f
kd
d
r#t"dyg` ,r&S/d ta[moduomjzpfayrnf? jynfovxu rdryiqiaom tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk
f
H
l l k
d kd f kd f
toH;k ðyI rJqENay;jcif;[laomtcGita&;udk tm%mydirsm;ucsKd ;azmufvujf cif;jzpfayonf?
hf
kf
kd
od@k tm;jzifh jynfovxtay: ravsm=f oZmoH;k I Oya'rsm;ESihf udunjD cif;r&donfh vky&yfrsm;onf
l l k
k f
S
f
jynfovx}k uD;tm; tEdiusiI rxDrjhJ rifðy&ma&mufaeonf?
l l
k f hf
13?
TuJo@kd tEdiusiI0g'jzef@jcif;/ ºuGm;0gI 0g'jzef‹jcif;/ vdrnmI0g'jzef@jcif; ponfh
h
k f hf
f
vky&yfrsm;onf tppftrSer[kw/f twkta,mifrsm;omjzpfojzifh tm%mydirsm; ar#mvifaom
f
f
kf
f h
tusKd ;&v'frsKd ;r&&SEibJ qef‹usibuftusKd ;&v'fom jzpfay:rnfjzpfa=umif;/ jynfovx}k u;D u
d kd f
f
l l
od+yD;jzpfayonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wydk wvjynfausmf (9)&uf//
S
h JG
h
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv (9)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
128

129. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 7 (2§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0ifrwywifxm;+yD; 1990 jynfEpf arvwGif
kd
S f kH
h S
usi;f ycJonfh vGwvyfIw&m;r#wygonfqaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif
h
f
kd
D kH D kd
JG G
0ifa&mufta&G;cHconf?
hJ
2?
tqdyga&G;aumufywif tzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,fajrtajrmuftjrm;YtEdi&&Sconf?
k
JG G
k f d hJ
tEdi&cJonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk rnfonfh rJqENe,fajr/ rnfr#rJ ta&twGuf
kf h
f
kd f
f
ESihf rnfr#&mcdiEe;f jzifh tEdi&&Sconfukd w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wf
kf_
k f d hJ
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf w&m;0ifu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfae=uonf?
kd f
f
kd f
f
3?
w&m;0iftzGŒJ csKyf/ w&m;0ifa&G;aumufy/JG w&m;0if˜ 0ifa&mufta&G;cH/ w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonfukd w&m;0ifa=unmcJonf?
f
kd f
f
h
4?
od@k aomf w&m;0ifonfup&yfrsm;udk tm%mydiaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u w&m;r0if
h dP
kf
S
(w&m;r0if) onfh enf;vrf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzif/h rJqEN&ijf ynfovxukd ckw;kH vkyI/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
S
l l k
f
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm; tm; (p) “t,Ht=unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufca=umif;” (qH;k ) [k aºuG;a=umfci;f ae
f
k
H
kd
jyefonf?
5?
vH;k 0w&m;0ifonfupr[kwyg? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wf
h d P
f kfH
D
f kH
awmfa&G;aumufyOya'rsm;wGif vH;k 0OHryg&onfuprsm;udk tm%mydirsm;u twif;t"rRr
JG
k dS h d P
kf
w&m;vkyaqmifae=uonf?
f
6?
w&m;r0ifonfup&yfrsm;udk yxryk*Kd~ vftaejzifh OD;oef;xGe;f (rEœav;wdi;f / awmif
h d P
k
om®rŒe,frS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,)/ 'kw, OD;vGe;f wif (rGejf ynfe,f/ armfv®rif®rŒe,frS
f
kd f
f
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,) wd@k rw&m;cHae=u&onf?
f
kd f
f
7?
,ck=um;od&onfowif;rsm;t& {&m0wDwi;f / armfv®rifu|e;f ®rŒe,frS jynfovxu
h
kd
l l k
w&m;ojzifa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onfh OD;vSaztay: w&m;r0ifonfenf;vrf;rsm;udk
h
h
129

130. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tm%mydirsm;u toH;k ðyaejcif;jzpfonf? TudpEiygwoufI tao;pdwf xyfrxwjf yefrnf
kf
P S hf f
H k
jzpfa=umif;a=unmvduonf? w&m;r0ifonfvy&yfrsm;udk rvkyaqmif/ &yfqi;f &ef wduwe;f
k f
h kf
f
kd
k f G
vduonf?
k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef;(1)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv(15)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 8 (2§99)
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsutrSw- 7 (2§99) ESihf qufvuf
f
kd f
f
f
zwf±yg&ef?
_
2?
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfol OD;vSaztm; odumusap&efaqmif
f
kd f
Q
&ëuaeyHrsm;rSm atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf?
f k
k
(1) (u) 2-7-99 &ufae@wif armfv®rifu|e;f ®rŒe,fwif rar$;u|e;f tkyptwGi;f }uH§zGŒH rS
G
G
f k
h
OD;0if;a&$.om; aZmfO;D / OD;tke;f .om; ausmpm/ OD;ausm&if.om; ausmausmf
f G
f
f
qdow@kd onf aus;&Gmol&mom;rsm;tm; wtdrwufwtdrqif; E_wjf zifom EdiiH
k l
G
f
f
h
kf
a&;ESiywfoufrr&Sa=umif; v,f,majrudk at;csr;f pGmvkyuiaexkirnfjzpf
hf
_ d
f kd f
df
a=umif;ajymqdk+yD;/ acgif;pOfa&;xm;onfhpm&Gufrsm;udkjyojcif;r&SdbJ/ 0efcHcsuf
oabmvufrwa&;xd;k aponf?
S f
(c) aetdrwtdro@kd a&muf&onftcg tdr&iurouFmI pm&Guuawmif;,lzwf±&m
f
f
dS h
fSf
f kd
_
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;vSaztm; t,Hkt=unfr&Sd/ vHk;0raxmufcH
a=umif;acgi;f pOfjzifa&;om;xm;onfh pm&Gursm;jzpfaeonf?
h
f
(*) aus;&Gmjynfovxu tzGŒJ csKyfutm;ay;w,f/ jynfoŒl qENb/J 'Drua&pDqwm
l l k
kd
kd
kd
'gb[k vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f onforsm;tm;ajymjy&m/ olw@kd urajymyge@J ®rŒe,f
J
S f
k
h l
kd
tm%mydiawGuomajymygq+kd yD; xGucmoGm;=uonf?
kf
kd
fG
(2) (u) (8-2-99) &ufae@wif usKd ufyaus;&GmrS aus;&GmtkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ ESihf wd&pmef
G
d
f
d>
aq;ukq&m0ef ref;ausmfat;/ }uHh§zëH@twëif;a&;rª;udkvS0if;/ }u›H§zGHŒ tzGJŒ0if
130

131. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
rsm;jzpf=uonfh udz;kd csi;f / pd;k jrifatmif/ udcif0if;wd@k onf {nfpm&if;ppfvonf
k
h
k
h
kd
qd+k y;D ‚if;wd@k toif,aqmifvmonfpm&Gursm;ay:wGif aetdraetrnfrsm; xnfh
h l
h
f
f
oGif;+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSazudk raxmufcHa=umif; vuf
rSwa&;xd;k aponf?
f
(c) jAef@}uD;aus;&GmYvnf; txufygtwdi;f aqmif&uaeonf[k =um;od&onf?
k
G f
(3) txufyguo@kd w&m;r0ifonfuprsm;udk w&m;0ifaeonfO;D vSaztay: aqmif&ujf cif;
hJ
h dP
h
G
rsm;udk tjrefq;kH &yfqi;f &ef wduwe;f vduonf? vky&yfrsm;onf odumr&Sonfa=umifh
kd
k f G k f
f
Q d
±_wcsvuonf?
f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef;(2)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv(16)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 9 (2§99)
txl;rSwcsu? ? Ta-unmcsuudk (29=1=99) &ufae‹pjJG zifh xkwjf yefconfh a-unmcsuf trSwf
f f
f
hJ
3(1§99)jzifvnf;aumif;/ a-unmcsutrSwf 5(2§99) (3= 2=99) &ufwdk jh zifh yl;wGzwf±-+ uyg&ef?
h
f
J
§
§
1?
w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf
f dS
dk
awmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfaom OD;vGe;f wif rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
dk f
jynfovxu ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt&/ vGwvwvyfvyfqENray;+yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
l l k
f G f
J
f
dk
pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh yk*K~ v}f uD;jzpfonf? Tyk*K~ v}f uD;tm;
f
d
d
tm%mykitzGŒJ rsm;u+cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ ta=umif;rJ/h t,kt=unfr&S/d (jynf
df
H
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf) vk;H 0raxmufca=umif;ponf/ ponfjzifh ±k;d om;ajzmifreaom
f
dk f
f
H
hSf
jynfovxucw;Hk vkyI w&m;r0ifaomudp&yfrsm;ukd vkyaqmifaeaponf?
l l k dk k
f
P
f
131

132. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
tm%mykdiftzGJŒrsm;onf rdrdwkd‹xkwfjyefxm;onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;
Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'rsm;wGif jyÏmef;xm;csursm;ukd vk;H 0OkH csK;d azmuf
f
JG
f
v#u&onf? trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;vnf;jzpf/ jynfol
f dS
dk
d
f
vlxu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;vnf;jzpfaom
k
f
dk f
f
yk*~Kdvfrsm;tay: ta=umif;rJhvkyfaqmifaejcif;rsm;onf vkH;0w&m;r0ifyg? tm%mykdifrsm;.
vkyaqmifcsursm;rSm tqkygOya' (2) &yfwif vk;H 0ryg&onfrsm;jzpfonf?
f
f
d
G
dS
3?
OD;vGe;f wifonf rdrEiivwvyfa&;twGuf tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}u;D AkvcsKyfatmif
d kd f H G f
d f
qef;u vufeufuivrf;pOfvtyfonftcg/ vufeufuiwuy0ifc+hJ y;D Ediia&;enf;vrf;vrf;pOf
dk f
dk
h
dk f dk f JG
kfH
vkdtyfonfhtcg EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfukdvkdufemIaqmif&GufcJhonfh rGeftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmifw
a,mufjzpfayonf? *k%oum&Svygonf? awmwGi;f 0ifIvnf; rnfonftcsetcgur# vuf
f d Q d S
h df
eufuiwucujf cif;r&Sonfh yk*K~ v}f uD;jzpfonf? wyfrawmfwif wyfr;ª taejzifh ay;tyfonfh
dk f dk f dk
d
d
G
wm0efrsm;ukd ausyepmxrf;aqmifcojl zpfonf? tb,frm“OD;vGe;f wifopPmazmuf”[k rw&m;
GfG
hJ
S
pGypEiygrnfenf;?
f JG kd f
4?
w&m;0ifpm&if;rsm;t& OD;vGe;f wifonf ckivrJ (39624) &&S+d y;D / (77³29) rJ&mcdiEe;f jzifh
d f Hk
kf_
jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfonf?
l l k
‡
d f
f
dk f
5?
OD;oef;xGe;f ESiywfoufIqkygv#if pma&;ol (wOD;) uyifv#if rdre,fajra'owGif
hf
d
d
“··acwfwi;f rSm aumif;pm;atmif vkyEicowa,mufyg··”[kyif 0efcxm;onf?
dk
f kd f hJ l
H
6?
132
(u) 1990jynfEp/f arvu usi;f yay;cJonfh vGwvyfIw&m;r#wygonfqonfh ygwD
hS
h
f
dk
pk'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
H D dk
GJ G
l l k
ay;xm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf tm%mykirsm;u
f
dk f
f
df
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ay;&ef vk;H 0Okysuuuvmojzifh rdra'otwGuEihf
f
H f G f
d
f S
wki;f jynftusK;d rsm;twGuf vk;H 0raqmif&uEi/f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;.
d
G f kd
f
dk f
f
csKŒd ,Gi;f csu[k vk;H 0rpGypEi?
f
f JG kd f
(c) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf rdrw‹dk oufqi&ma'ook‹d roëm;a&mufEif
f
dk f
f
d
dk f
kd
=u? tm%mykirsm;. wm;jrpfcsua=umifomjzpfonf?
df
f
h

133. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
7?
‚if;jyif oufqi&m*k%usuoa&&Sonfh yk*K~ v}f uD;rsm;ukd vk;H 0OkH rvkyoifrvkyf
dk f
f
f
d
d
f h
xkuonfh yk*K~ va&;jzifwucuaeonf? ðyvkyorsm;odumusonf? ðyvkyc&olrsm; odumrus
d f
d f
h dk f dk f
f l
Q
fH
Q
ygacs?
8?
±k;d om;ajzmifrwfjzLpifI trsm;tm;jzifh orRmtmZD0jzifh vkyuipm;aomufae=uonfh
h
f dk f
jynfovxudk Oya'abmiftwGi;f r0ifonfuprsm;ukd tm%mykiw‹dk u ðyvkyapcki;f jcif;onf
l l k
h dP
df
f d
wki;f jynftwGuf vk;H 0raumif;yg? Oya'rJvyrrsm;ukd tavhtusijhf zpfatmif vkyaqmifaejcif;
d
h kf_
f
yifjzpfonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef; (3)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv (17)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 10 (2§99)
(rSwcsu?
f f
? a-unmcsutrSwf 9 (2§99) (17=2=99) ESiwI zwf±-+ uyg&ef?)
f
hf JG
§
1?
rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vGe;f wif tay: 7-2-99 &ufae‹wif tm%mykirsm;u jynfol
f
dk f
G
df
vlxtcsKŒd ukd rw&m;pka0;apI aqmif&ucsursm;ESiywfoufI jynfovxtcsKŒd urauseyfI
k
G f f
hf
l l k
wke‹f jyeftpD&ifccsutcsKŒd ukd odom&ef jzef‹jzL;a=unmvkuonf?
H f
d f
···jynfotajctaerSm twif;t"rRwufa&mufci;f I wufa&muf=ujcif;jzpfonf? pdwf
l
dk
"gwv;Hk 0ryg&onfuawGŒ&onf? trsm;tm;jzihf òrdŒaevlxonf wufa&mufjcif;r&S? aus;&Gm
f
dS
dk
k
d
ol&mom;rsm;rSm+cdr;f ajcmufjcif;cH&I tenf;i,fwufa&mufonf?···
G
···ausmif;q&m/ q&mrrsm;/ ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0wfpr0wfqifapbJ wuf
Hk
a&mufaponf? ···
···ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;tm; rwufv#if a&SŒqufwm0efr,lEiawmh··· (qkvdk
S hf
d
onfrm tvkyuðzwfypfjcif;jzpfonf) ··· tay:ucki;f wmvky? ···
S
f
d
f
133

134. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
···OD;vGe;f wiftm; tifrwefrtm;emvSygonf? tb,fa=umifqaomf vufo;D vuf
S
h dk
armif;wef;+y;D t,kt=unfr&Sq+dk y;D / tjypfr&Soudk }ur;f armif;atmf[pf&aomtvkyonf tifr
H
d
d l
d
f
wefr0efav;rdygonf?
S
···OD;vGe;f wifEihf (NLD) rS 10 OD; aumfrwDtzGŒJ }uD;tm; cGivwygv‹dk tEl;t!Gwf
S
hf $ f
awmif;yeftyfygonf? ···
···tefwpk ESihf OD;vGe;f wiftygt0if 10 OD;aumfrwDtzGŒJ 0iftm;vk;H 'Drua&pDyef;wkif
D
dk
d
udk tjrefq;Hk a&muf=uygap? ···
···OD;vGe;f wiftm;rJay;cJpOfu taESmiftzGŒJ uif;+yD; vGwvwvyfvyf rdrpwóf udu/f
h
f G f
dd
rJqENwckudk··· OD;vGe;f wiftm; ausauseyfeyfjzifray;cJ? ···
h J h
··· (7-2-99) &ufae‹u jzpfysuyrm·· vky}f uHrw&yfjzpf? ···
f Hk S
_
···vuf&tpk;d &onfvrnm/ +cr;f ajcmuf/ rw&m;r_awG/ rsuEmajymifwu+f y;D / t&Suf
dS
df
d
fS
dk
w&m;uif;rJpm vky&yfawGtay: ···odap&ef ···wki&onf?
h G
f
df
···jynfovx. tonf;=um;rS rJwjym;ukd twif;"g;jywku/f tEk=urf;zuf/ rw&m;
l l k
d
ðyvkyrukd pkpnf;wifjyjcif; ···
f _
···oef;acgipm&if;c%ay;yg[q+dk yD; noef;acgif (24;00) em&Dwif tm%mykirsm;u
f
k
G
df
vma&mufor;f ,l+yD; aemufwae‹rvm,l ···
d
S
···oGm;a&mufonftcg twif;t"rR vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f onf? ···
h
S f
d
···usaemfw‹dk ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;onf ···vuf&tpk;d &. ðyrlvyaqmifcsuf
f
dS
kf
rsm;ukd vk;H 0rvkvm;? ···
d
···wzufowf olw‹dk &ŒJ ajymqkrawG[m/ wzufowf rw&m;qefvygw,f? ···
d_
S
··· trSeuajymjyefawmhvnf; zrf;qD;+yD;ESypufw,f? ···
f dk
d f
···olw‹dk ajymawmh jrefrmEdii[m pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;awG[m wk;d wufae+yw/hJ
kfH
_
D
tJ'gawGrwk;d wufwtjyif pm;0wfaea&;eJ‹vo;Hk ukeypPn;f awG&ŒJ ukeusp&dwawG[m yk+d yD;}uD;
hJ
l
f
f
f
rm;vmygw,f? ···
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef; (4)&uf?
hS
1999 ckEp/f azaz:0g&Dv (18)&uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
134

135. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 11 (2§99)
1?
1999 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vyki;f tcserpI azazmf0g&vqef;yki;f twGi;f jrefrm§xki;f ykif
S
D d
d f S
D
d
d d
eufyifv,fa&jyifwif wzufEiirS ig;rsm;uk0ifa&mufzrf;qD;jcif;ESiywfoufI xki;f ppfa&,mOfEihf
G
kd f H
d
hf
d
S
jrefrmppfa&,mOfw‹dk tjyeftvSeypfcwfrrsm;jzpfym;cJa=umif; =um;od&onf? xko‹dk tcif;jzpfym;
f
_
G h
d
G
jcif;a=umihf ESpbufEiirppfrxrf;rsm;ESihf t&yfom;rsm; toufq;Hk ±H;_ cJ=h u&+yD; tajctaerSm
f
kd f H S _
wae‹wjcm;wif;rmvmum wzufEiiuppfav,mOfrsm;ukyif vktyfv#itok;H ðy&efukd pOf;pm;
kd f H
d
d
f
vmonfEihf ‚if;wk‹d . wkuav,mOfrsm;ukd tiftm;wk;d cJsŒum/ jzef‹csxm;onf[I owif;rsm;
S
d f
l
vnf;=um;od&onf?
2?
orki;f pOfwav#mufwif jrefrmykieufyifv,ftwGi;f ok‹d wzufEiirS ig;rsm;zrf;qD;
d
G
df
kd f H
jcif;ukta=umif;ðyI jrefrmha&ykieuftwGi;f ok‹d usL;ausmjf cif;rsm; &Svmonftcgwi;f wGif jrefrm
d
df
d
h
dk
Ediitaejzifh tjynfjynfqi&myifv,fOya'ESitnD jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiu jyÏmef;xm;
kfH
dk f
hf
kfH
onfh 1977 ckEp/f jrefrmEdiiyieuf yifv,fEifh yifv,fZersm; Oya't& xkusL;ausmrudk [ef‹
S
k f H dk f
S
k f
d
f _
wm;onftaejzifh ESppOf ig;rsm;uk0ifa&mufzrf;olw‹dk tm; ta&;,ljcif;rsm;&Sconf? xkpOftcgu
h
f
d
d hJ
d
zrf;qD;ta&;,lpOf wzufEiwzuf tjyeftvSef ypfcwfrtao;tr$m;uav;rsm; tenf;i,f&chJ
S fh
_
dS
aomfvnf; vuf&jdS zpfay:vsu&aeaom wif;rmpk;d &drz,&mtajctaersKd ; r&Scyg?
f dS
f G f
d hJ
3?
xk‹d tjyif jrefrmEdiiyieuf yifv,fEiyifv,fZetay: tcsKyftjcmtm%mydiqir_
k f H dk f
S hf
k f
k f dk f
ESihf pyfvsO;f I wzufEiiu rnfonftcgur# wpkw&mtjiif;yGm;r_r&Scz;l onfh u|e;f ok;H u|e;f
kd f H
h
H
d hJ
ykiqirupudk wifjyta&;qkvmonftxd jzpfvmonf? xku|e;f ok;H u|e;f ykiqir_ a&jyife,f
d f dk f _ d P
d
d
d f dk f
edrwudk rnfonftcgur# wzufEiionf tjiif;ryGm;bJ vufcusio;Hk cJ=h uonf?
d f
h
kd f H
H hf
4?
,ae‹jzpfay:aeaom jrefrmEdiiyieuf yifv,fEihf yifv,fZeta&;onf jrefrmEdiiH
k f H dk f
S
k f
kf
ppftm%mykiEihf wzufEiiw‹dk t=um; jzpfay:aeonfh ta&;tcif;omru jynfaxmifpjk refrm
df S
kd f H
Ediiwi;f &if;om;trdsK;om;tm;vk;H ESihf oufqionfup[k cH,onf?
k f H dk
dk f h d P
l
5?
ESpEiia&jyifyieuf yifv,fEihf yifv,fZeupudk ESpzufaomEdiiru,pm;vS,rsm;
f kd f H
dk f
S
kf dP
f
k f H S dk f
f
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;I/ +ir;f csr;f pGmajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f =urnf[k od&&onf? xkuo‹dk aqGaEG;=uonfh
H
d
dS
d hJ
ta=umif;t&mESihf aqmif&uonftajctaersm;ukd jynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm; &Si;f vif;em;vnf
G f h
135

136. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
od&ap&ef/ trSetwki;f / wki;f jynfo‹dk wifjy&ef ppftm%mykirsm;onf wm0ef&onf? tb,f
dS
f d
d
df
dS
a=umifqaomf ,if;udponf wjynfaxmifv;Hk &Sd wki;f &if;om;jynfow&yfv;Hk ESihf ywfouf+y;D v#i/f
h dk
P
d
l
Ediiawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mykiqirEivnf; oufqiaeaoma=umihjf zpfonf? ,if;uJo‹dk
kfH
d f dk f _ S hf
dk f
h
aomudpEihf ywfoufI ESpzufaomEdiiw‹dk . aqG;aEG;csursm;/ oabmwlncsursm;ESihf aqmif
PS
f
kfH
f
D f
&Gufcsufrsm;ukd jynfolŒv$wfawmfokd‹wifjyI twnfðycsuf&,l&rnf? jynfolŒv$wfawmfu
omv#if tqk;H tjzwfay;&rnfupjP zpfonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuvnf; jynf
h d
f
kd f
olŒv$wawmfo‹dk twnfðycsu&,lEi&ef wifjy&efwm0ef&onf?
f
f
kd f
dS
6?
xkEpzufaom Ediiw@kd . tjiif;yGm;r_up&yfrsm;ukd n‡Ei;f ajz&Si;f &mwGif tdre;D em;csi;f
d S f
kfH
d P
d d_
f
aumif;yDopGm/ csp=f unf&if;ES;D +idr;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f Edirnf[k jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
kf
f
dk f
u ,k=H unfa=umif; a=unmvkuonf?
d f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
dk f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef; (5)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv (19)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf = 12 (2§99)
1?
w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
f
uk,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonfh rEœav;wki;f / jrif;+c®H rŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfovxu ‚if;wk@d .
d f
f
d
l l k
vGwvyfaomoabmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh OD;aygciftm; t,kt=unfr&Sd
f
H
vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;[k atmf[pfaea=umif; =um;od&onf?
H
2?
OD;aygcif onf 1990 jynfEpf arvu tm%mykirsm;uusi;f ycJonfh vGwvyfIw&m;
hS
fd f
h
f
r#wonf[kqkdaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxku a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufcJhonf? ‚if;onfjynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;jzpfonf[k ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&Siu w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? ‚if;onf ckivrJ (42015)
JG
f
d f Hk
&&Sum (78²09) &mckiEe;f jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&onf?
d
df _
hJ
136

137. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
3?
Tok@d w&m;0ifaeaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,udk “t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0
f
dk f
f
H
raxmufc” qkonfrsm;rSm atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vk;H 0w&m;0ifjcif;r&Say?
H d
d
(u) tm%mykiw@dk uxkwjf yefconfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' (&ufpJG 27df
hJ
kfH
D
f Hk
9-88) ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (&ufpGJ 31-3-89) rsm;wGif
rnfonfh jyÏmef;csursm;rSmrSryg&onfuprsm;ukd aqmif&uaejcif;?
f
dS h d P
G f
(c) ,cif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
kfH
f
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. trde@f trSwf 2§88 (&ufpJG 18-9-88) tyk'f (c) wGivl
D
d
f
(5) a,mufEihf vl (5) a,mufxufyI vrf;rsm;ay:wGipa0;jcif;/ vrf;av#mufjcif;/
S
dk
fk
pDwef;vSnvnfjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ [pfatmfaºu;G a=umfjcif;/ v_ŒH aqmfjcif;/ ±ke;f &if;
hf
qefcwfðyjcif; rnfor#rðyvky&[k qkxm;vsuEifh oufqi&mtm%mykiw@dk u
l
f
d
f S
dk f
df
oufqi&ma'orS jynfovxtm;pka0;apjcif;onf rw&m;aomvky&yfjzpfjcif;?
dk f
l l k
f
(*) wzufowf/ tm%mykiw@dk u/ ±k;d om;ajzmifpif;aom jynfovxudk rw&m;ckw;Hk
df
h
l l k
vkyjf cif;?
(C) vuf&yiaeaomtm%mukd tvGetu|tok;H ðyjcif;?
dS dk f
f
H
4?
oufqi&mjynfovxxrS OD;aygciftay: tm%mykirsm;uaqmif&urEiywfouf
dk f
l l k J
df
G f _ S hf
I rauseyfojzifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@dk a&;om;ay;yk@d onfpmrsm;teufr/S ‚if;wk@d a&;
dk
h
om;xm;onftwki;f / tcsKŒd ukaz: jyvkuonf?
h fd
d
d f
(u) touf (18) ESptxuf vltm;vk;H tm; wufci;f apygonf? ysuuuygu '%faiG
f
dk
f G f
(400d) usy[k ajymqkygonf?
f
d
(c) touf (18) ESptxuf rdom;pk0iftm;vk;H tm; tpnf;ta0;zdw=f um;ojzifh vuf
f
rSwa&;xk;d vkuonf? xkvufrwrsm;ukd uef@uuvufrwtjzpf tok;H ðy=uonf?
f
d f
d
S f
G f
S f
(*) pifay:a&mufrS uef@uupmrzwfEia=umif;ajymI uef@uujf cif;&Sonf?
G f
kd f
G
d
(C) 4-2-99 &ufae@uusi;f yonfh jrif;+cc±kif tm%mykitzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;wGif OuUÏ
H d
df
jzpfou E_wxuvmvufrwrxk;d &ifypfowfrnf[k ajym=um;yga=umif;?
l
f G f $
S f
5?
,cif Ediiawmfjidr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
kfH
f
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. a=unmcsutrSw-1§88 (&ufpJG 18-9-88)wGiD
f
f
f
“···atmufygvufiif;vkyief;wm0efrsm;ukxrf;aqmif&ef···
f
d
(u) w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;···” [ktwdtvif;a=unm
xm;csuudk tm%mykiw@dk u ,if;wk@d xwjf yefxm;csursm;ukd ,if;wk@d u azguzsuvujf cif;jzpf
f
df
k
f
f f dk
ayonf?
6?
jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufvuonft"dyg` ,rm ‚if;wk@d twGuvnf;aumif;/ wki;f jynftwGuvnf;aumif;/ tudsK;
dk f h
fS
f
d
f
ðyrnfup&yfrsm;ukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifh aqmif&uay;ap&efjzpfonf?
h dP
f
S
G f
137

138. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
7?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfudk Oya'ygjyÏmef;csut& ac:,lay;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tm%mydif
f
f
k
rsm;u ac:,lay;jcif;r&S? ysuuuonf? vspvsL±_xm;onf?
d
f G f
f
8?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
f
dk f
vS,rsm;uac:,lrnf[a=unmonftcg/ uk,pm;vS,rsm;ukd tm%mykirsm;u ta=umif;rJ/h
f
k
h
d f
f
df
Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;cJjh yefonf?
9?
tcsKd Œ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; rdr.rJqENe,fo@dk om;a&mufI tusKd ;
f
dk f
f
d
G
ta=umif;ajymjyjcif;yifrðyEdi? tb,fa=umifqaomf/ c&D;oGm;vmjcif;ukd Oya'rJ/h tm%mykif
kf
h dk
d
rsm;u/ ydwyifwm;jrpfxm;onf?
f
10?
±k;d om;ajzmifpif;aom jynfovxtm; w&m;Oya'rsm;vkuemap&ef ðyvkyaqmif&uf
h
l l k
d f
f
G
ay;&rnftpm;/ csK;d azguonfh enf;vrf;rsm;ukvrf;!¸ejf yoI aqmif&ujf cif;rðy&ef txl;wvnf
h
f
d
G
wkuwe;f vkuonf? wki;f jynfwif raumif;onhtpOftvmrsm; jzpfay:vmrnfh udprsm;ukd vk;H 0
d f G d f
d
G
f
P
rðyvkyoifay? vky&yfrsm;ukvnf; ±_wcsuef uuvuonf?
f h
f
d
f
h G f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef;(10)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azaz:0g&Dv(24)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcsonf//)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 13 (2§99)
1?
{&m0wDwi;f / armfvòriu|e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
dk
df
dk
. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfonfh OD;vSaztay: tm%mrsm;ukvuf&uif
f
dk f
d
dS dk
xm;onforsm;u ‚if;wk‹d . vky±;dk vkypOfenf;vrf;rsm;twki;f r,k=H unfraxmufc[k ±k;d om;jzL
h l
f
f
d
H
pifaomjynfovxudk 28-2-99 &ufae‹wif aºuG;a=umfaprnf[k owif;=um;od&onf?
l l k
G
138

139. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
2?
tqkygvy&yfrsm;rSm vk;H 0 w&m;r0ifyg? tb,fa=umifqaomf Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf
d k f
h dk
kfH
D
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; Oya'rsm;wGif rnfonfjh yÏmef;csur# ryg&onfw‹dk udk jynfovxtm;
JG
f
dS
l l k
rw&m;onfhvkyf&yfrsm;tjzpf ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufapjcif;rSm wkdif;jynftwGuf tpOftvmvkH;0
raumif;ojzifh vky&yfrsm;uk&yfqi;f &ef wkuwe;f vkuonf? qk;d &Gm;aomtpOftvmukd csrwf
f
d
kd
d f G d f
S
ay;jcif;rðy&ef xyfrwuwe;f vkuonf?
H kd f G d f
3?
TudpEihf ywfoufI oufqi&m.tpD&ifccsursm;ukd odomzwf±&ef/ rl&if;rS rdwLW ðyI
PS
dk f
H f
_
jzef‹jzL;vkuonf?
d f
(p)“ta=umif;t&m? ? w&m;0if trSwf (1) rJqENe,f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSaz
f
kd f
tm; odumcsaqmif&uvyuiaer_rsm;ukd wifjytpD&ifcjH cif;?
Q
G f k f dk f
txufta=umif;t&myg udpEiywfoufI armfvòrdiu|e;f òrdŒe,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,f
P S hf
f
ajra'o/ &yf§aus; ESihf òrŒd r&yfuuw‹dk wif aexkivsu&=dS uonfh vlxvwef;pm;rsm;tay: tkyf
G f G
df
f
k l
csKyfa&;tzGŒJ ESihf òrdŒe,f}uHcia&;tzGŒJ wk‹d r/S w&m;0ifvwawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfol OD;vSaz
h dk f
$ f
dk f
f
tm; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS jyefvnf±yor;f a=umif;/ vk;H 0 raxmufcawmha=umif; [lI
f
dk f
f
kf d
H
vlxvwef;pm;wk‹d udk tEditxufðyrlI enf;rdsK;pk/H enf;aygi;f pkw‹dk jzifh vlxtm;rvdrwywfjzifh
k l
kf
H
k
hf
+cdr;f ajcmuft=uyfuivyuiaeonfvy&yfrsm;ukd txl;wifjywkiwef; tpD&ifctyfygonf?
dk f k f dk f
h k f
df
H
(1) òrdŒe,f}uH§zëŒH rS OD;pD;aqmif&uvyuiaeolrsm;?
›
ë f k f dk f
1? ukuvif (b) OD;ausmvif (}uH§zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª;)/
d dk G
f G
h
‚if;onf òrdŒe,f aiGpm&if;OD;pD;±k;H rS t}uD;wef; 0efxrf;wOD;jzpfonf?
2? ukjd rifatmif (b) OD;bkwif (òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
h
d
›
3? udt;Hk ausmf (b) OD;jrat; (òrdŒe,f }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
k
›
4? ukv0if;armif (b) OD;wifaqmif (òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
d S
›
5? ukcspoe;f (b) OD;armifarmif (òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if) wk‹d jzpfygonf?
d f d
›
(2) aus;&ëm/ &yfuu/f a'otvkuf }uH§zëŒH . v+y&m;r+tajctaersm;?
ë
d
›
fS
6=2=99 &ufae‹
òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH rS ukt;Hk ausm/f ukv0if;armif ESihf ukvirsKd ;OD; (b) OD;yk. om;/ ‚if;rSm òrdŒ
›
d
d S
d d_ f
e,f ajrpm&if;0efxrf;wOD;ESifh }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifjzpfygonf?
h
‚if;}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ onf yJaxmifa&,mOfjzifom;a&mufum vyGwvy}f uD;aus;&ëm &,u
h
h
h G
W k
OuUÏ OD;ode;f xGe;f tdro‹dk 0ifa&mufjyD;/ ‚if;aus;&GmrS }uH§zGŒH rsm;ESihf &mtdrr;ª / q,ftrr;ª rsm;wk@d
f
›
f
d f
yg0ifaomtzGŒJ ukd qihym;wm0efay;I/ jynforsm;xHrS tdraxmifppm&if;u'frsm;&,lI w&m;
f G
l
f
k
0ifjzpfonfh OD;vSaztm; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS ±kyor;f a=umif;/ raxmufcawmh a=umif;
f
dk f
f
f d
H
vufrwa&;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGyprsm;ESy,jl cif;wk‹d udk ðyvkyI ‚if;vkyief;rsm;ukd taumiftxnf
S f
Hk H d f
f
f
azmf&ef vrf;!$errsm;ay;oGm;ygonf? xk‹d aemufwif yk*yaus;&GmrStpðyI trSwf (1) rJqEN
f _
G H Hk
e,fjzpfonfh &yf§ aus; rsm;tm; w&Gm0if/ w&GmxGuf vkuvI &,u ESihf }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
d f H
›
wk‹d tm; vkyief;yki;f qki&mrsm; vkyuiaqmif&u&ef xyfqifI !¸e=f um;oGm;ygonf?
f d df
f dk f
G f
h
139

140. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
7=2=99 &ufae‹
‚if;ae‹wif òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ rS atmufygy*K~ vrsm;onf a*G;uke;f tkypaus;&Gm &,u
G
›
k d f
f k
OuUÏ tdro‹dk a&muf&+dS yD; &yf§aus; &,u OuUÏ/ &mtdrr;ª / q,ftrr;ª wk‹d Eihf &yf§aus; }uH› §zGŒH
f
f
df
S
tzGŒJ rsm;ok‹d qifym;wm0efrsm;ay;oGm;=uygonf? ‚if;wk‹d rm (1) ukjd rifatmif/ (2) atmifaZmfvi/f
hG
S
h
d_
(3) rsKd ;aqG/ (4) 0if;vdif jzpfonf? TuJo‹dk !¸e=f um;oGm;+yD;aemuf &,u OuUÏ rS }uH§zGŒH q,f
_
h
›
tdrr;ª / &mtdrr;ª wk‹d udk wm0efay;apv$w+f yD;vkyui&mwGif a*G;uke;f tkyp/k oref;acsmif;aus;&GmY
f
f
f dk f
f
jynfowOD;rS ‚if;wk‹d Z,m;pm&Gutm; vufrwrxk;d yJ qkw+f zypfvuygonf? usevufrwx;dk ol
l
f
S f
J dk f
f
S f
rsm;ukd wOD;v#if aiG 5d§usyf E_e;f jzifh awmif;ygonf? vufrwx;dk +y;D Z,m;pm&Gursm;ukd pk&yf±;Hk t
S f
f
jzpf owfrwxm;aom &,u OuUÏ OD;at;óuditro‹dk ay;tyf&ygonf? xk‹d aemuf ‚if;pm&Guf
S f
f d f
rsm;ukd (9-2-99) &ufae‹wif òrŒd e,f}u§zGŒH tzGŒJ txl;wm0efcH (4) OD;rS vma&mufor;f ,lom;yg
G
›H
d
G
onf?
9=2=99 &ufae‹
xDygv,faus;&Gm&Sd &Gmol&mom;rsm;tm;/ jyefvnf±yor;f a=umif;ESihf raxmufca=umif;/
G
kf d
H
vufrwa&;xk;d ray;cJv#i/f rxk;d olrsm;tm; &,u OuUÏ ukwifte;f rS wyfwi;f rSm (3) &ufvyf
S f
h
d
k
G
k
tm;ay;&rnf[k }udr;f armif;+cdr;f ajcmufajymqkygonf?
d
xk‹d a=umifh a=umufvef‹I aus;&ëm ol§om; wk‹d rS rdrw‹dk tdraxmifpZ,m;wGiyg0ifonfh
d
f
k
f
rdom;pktm;vk;H vufrwa&;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGEyjf cif;rsm; ðyvkyay;=u&ygonf? tjcm;aom &yf§
S f
dS
f
aus;rsm;Yvnf; wtdr0if/ wtdrxuf pHepfjzifvnf;aumif;/ ae&mwckp&yf ðyvkyIaomfvnf;
f
f G
h
k
f
aumif;/ tdraxmifpZ,m;rsm; ay;tyfI vufrwa&;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGEyjf cif;rsm; ðyvkyay;vku&
f
k
S f
dS
f
d f
ygonf?
18=2=99 &ufae‹
‚if;ae‹wif armfvòrdiu|e;f òrdŒ/ òrdŒr&yfuursm;rS trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr jzpf=uonfh òrdŒ
G
f
G f
r&yfuutrSwf (1)/ (2)/ (10)/ (11)/ (12) wk‹d wif wae‹w&ufwnf; òrdŒe,f }uH§zGŒH . tpDtpOf
ë f
G
›
OD;aqmifrj_ zifh &yfuursm;wGif OD;vSaztm;raxmufca=umif; v_y&m;r_uðdk yvky=f uygonf?
G f
H
f S
‚if;wk‹d . vkyenf;vky[ef ESihf OD;aqmifyg0if=uonforsm;ukd &yfuutvduf atmufwif
f
f
h l
G f k
G
azmfjytyfygonf?
(u) òrdŒr (1) &yfuuvy&m;olrsm;?
ë f +fS
(1) ukz;dk vk;H (}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifEihf ajrpm&if;0efxrf;)
d
›
S
(2) ukpe0if; (0efxrf;)
ddf
(3) uk0if;Akvf (}uH§zGŒH )
d d
›
(4) ukrsd K;=unf (}uH§zGŒH )
d
›
(5) ukjd rifoe;f (}uH§zGŒH )
h d
›
140

141. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(6) ukarmifarmifoe;f (&,u OuUÏ)
d
d
(7) uk0if;wif (q,ftrr;ª )
d
df
(8) ukarmifoef; (rD;owf0efxrf;)
d
‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufca=umif;vufrwEihf vufaAGypw‹dk udk wtdr0if/ wtdrxuf
H
S f S
Hk H
f
f G
enf;jzifh tdraxmifpu'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u=f uonf?
f
k
G
(c) òrd r (2) &yfuuvy&m;olrsm;?
h
G f +fS
(1) udoe;f pk;d (}uH§zGŒH cgi;f aqmif)
k d
›
(2) ukcifarmifwifh (}uH§zGŒH )
d
›
(3) ukausmvif (}uH§zGŒH )
d
f G
h
(4) ukcif!e‹f (&,u &mtdrr;ª )
d
$
f
(5) ukaX;ode;f (&,u q,ftrr;ª )
d
df
(6) uk0if;Edif (&,u q,ftrr;ª )
d k
d f
(7) ukausmatmif (&,u q,ftrr;ª )
d
f
d f
(8) ukp;dk jrifh (&,u q,ftrr;ª )
d
d f
(9) ukbausmuf (&,u q,ftrr;ª )
d
df
(10) ukxe;f &D (&yfuur;D owf)wk‹d jzpfygonf?
d ë
G f
‚if;tzGJŒonf raxmufcHa=umif;vufrSwfESifh vufaAGykHpHwkd‹ukd wtdrf0ifwtdrf
xGuenf;jzifh tdraxmifpu'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u=f uonf?
f
f
k
G
(*) òrdŒr (10) &yfuuvy&m;olrsm;?
G f +fS
18-2-99 &ufae‹/ eHeufyi;f wGif òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH rS ukte;f ausm/f ukv0if;armfw‹dk onf &yf
dk
h
d k
d S
uGu}f uH§zGŒH acgi;f aqmif ukoef‹Ziftm; v_y&m;&eftwGuf vma&muf!e=f um;oGm;onf?
›
d
f S
¸
uGi;qif;olrsm;
f
(1) ukoef‹Zif (}uH§zGŒH &yfuuacgi;f aqmif)
d
h
G f
(2) ukausmjf rifh (}uH§zGŒH ESifh rD;owfwm0ef&o)
d
h
dS l
(3) ukoe;f a&$ (}uH§zGŒH ESiq,ftrr;ª )
d d
h
fh
d f
(4) ukjd rifat; (}uH§zGŒH ESiq,ftrr;ª ) wm0ef&ow‹dk Eihf tzGŒJ //
h
h
hf
d f
dS l S
‚if;olrsm;onf òrŒd r(10) &yfuuwif vrf;aygi;f (10) vrf;&donfjzpf&m (2) zGŒJ cGI wvrf;
G f G
S
J
v#if aetdrwtdrY pk&yfðyvky+f yD;/ vrf;tvkuqi&m &-,-u/ q,ftrr;ª / &mtdrr;ª wk‹d u
f
f
d f dk f
d f
f
vrf;wëi;f &Sd aetdrrsm;ok‹d wtdrwufqif;0ifa&mufI rdrw‹dk .tdraxmifpu'frsm;,laqmifI
f
f
d
f
k
pk&yfvyxm;onfaetdro‹dk vma&muf=u&ef qifac: =uonf? xko‹dk qifac:I oGm;a&muf=uonfh
kf
h
f
h
d
h
olrsm;xHrS tdraxmifpZ,m;rsm;rS vlO;D a&pm&if;wk‹d udk ‚if;wk‹d .Z,m;ykpwif a&;ul;I ‚if;tdrf
f
k
HH G
axmifprS trdsK;om;jzpfap/ trsKd ;orD;jzpfap/ vl}uD;jzpfap/ vli,fjzpfap/ rdrw‹dk . tdraxmifpk
k
d
f
141

142. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
twGuu,pm;ðy+y;D / wOD;wnf;rS tm;vk;H twGuf vufrwEihf vufaAGyprsm; a&;xk;d ðyvkyay;cJ&
f dk f
S fS
Hk H
f h
ygonf?
(C) òrdŒr (11)&yfuurS v+y&m;olrsm;?
ë f
fS
(1) ukrif;rif; (&yfuu}f uH§zGŒH )
d
G
h
(2) ukapmvGif (&yfuu}f uH§zGŒH )
d
G
h
(3) ud0if;jrifh (&,u OuUÏ)
k
(4) ukxe;f óudif (&,u tzGŒJ 0if)ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;//
d G
‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufca=umif;vufrwEihf vufaAGyprsm;ukd wtdr0ifwtdrxuenf;
H
S fS
Hk H
f
f G f
jzifh vufrwEivufaAGyprsm;ukd tdraxmifpu'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u=f uonf?
S f S hf
Hk H
f
k
G
(i) òrd r (12) &yfuurvy&m;olrsm;?
h
ë fS +fS
(1) ukp;dk jrifh (&yfuuf }uH§zGŒH acgi;f aqmif)
d
G
›
(2) ukp;dk atmif (&yfuuf }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
d
G
›
(3) udt;Hk aië (&yfuuf }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
k
G
›
(4) udausmjf rifh (&,u &mtdrr;ª )ESitzGŒJ //
k
f
hf
‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufca=umif;vufrwEifh vufaAGyprsm;ukd wtdr0ifwtdrxuenf;jzif/h
H
S f S
Hk H
f
f G f
tdraxmifpu'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u=f uonf?
f
k
G
(3) w&m;0ifvwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSaz tay: w&m;r0if raxmufca-umif;
$ f
dk f
H
}uH§zGŒH rS vkyaqmifcsufrsm;tm; òcHiIok;oyfjcif;?
›
f
Hk H
(u) trSwf (1) rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJqENay;xm;cJow‹dk onf ‚if;wk‹d tm; rESpòf rdŒ/ rESpf
h l
oufbJ eD;&m"g;uda=umufIom apcki;f onftwki;f vkuem&jcif;?
k
d
h d d f
(c) xko‹dk vuem&I vkyuiay;&onfy*K~ vrsm;onf rdrw‹dk .ESv;Hk om;Y rlv&S&if;pGJ
d
dk f
f dk f
hk d f
d
d
,k=H unfcsutwki;f cH,vsu&a=umif;=um;od&jcif;?
f d
l
f dS
(*) tcsKŒd aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf &yfuursm;wk‹d wif 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufyrqENay;=u
G f
G
h S
JG J
&mwGif yg0ifrr&SbJ ,ckrajymif;a&$Œvm=uI xktraxmifpu'frsm;rS vlO;D a&
_ d
S
d d f
k
pm&if;t& ‚if;wk‹d Z,m;Y vufrwEivufaAGyprsm; a&;xk;d vkyuijf cif;?
S f S fh
Hk H
f dk
(C) qifac:I oGm;a&muf=uonforsm;wGif vl}u;D rsm;rtm; r&SI touf (17)/ (18)
h
h l
d
&Sorsm; oGm;a&muf=u&mwGif tdraxmifpu,pm; vufrwEihf vufaAGyprsm;
d l
f
k dk f
S f S
Hk H
a&;xk;d ay;cJ&jcif;?
h
(i) vl}uD;rsm;onfvnf; tdraxmifp&vO;D a&tm;vk;H . uk,pm;wOD;wnf;rS vuf
f
k dS l
d f
rSwEivufaAGyprsm; a&;xk;d ay;cJ&jcif;?
f S hf
Hk H
h
(p) òrdŒr&yfuursm;wGif OD;vSaztay: Y arwWmxm;olw‹dk onf rdrw‹dk .aetdrwi;f ok‹d
G f
d
f G
‚if;}uH§zGŒH rsm;tm; t0ifrcHjcif;?
›
142

143. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(q) tcsKŒd aomtdraxmifpy*K~ vrsm;wk‹d onf OD;vSazukd wk‹d uóuduv‹dk ray;xm;wm/
f
kk d f
f J
wk‹d utckraxmufca=umif; bmvk‹d x;dk &rSmvJ[k ajymqkvuygonf?
H
d dk f
(Z) igu NLD yJ/ bma=umifh xk;d &rSmvJ qkorsm;vnf; &S=d uygonf//
d l
(ps) &yf§aus; ESihf &yfuGuf tajccHvlwef;pm;rsm;rSmawmh vuf&Sdtajctaet&
ta=umufw&m;rsm;ude;f 0yf+yD; rwwfomvk@d xk;d ay;vku&olrsm;jzpfygonf//
d f
(4) òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ . a&SŒvkyuirnfowif;rsm;/
›
f dk f h
(u) òrdŒe,f}uH§zGŒH rS raxmufcaom pm&if;Z,m;rsm;ukd ajrmif;jrc±kiaumfr&Sio‹dk
›
H
df
f
wifoi;f twnfðycsu,rnf[k od&ygonf?
G
f l
(c) jynfo‹l vwawmfu,pm;vS,tm; ±_wcs&ef uyfctyp/k anmifyifomaus;&GmwGif
$ f
dk f
f
f
dk k f
r¾yfaqmufvyae+yD; (28-2-99) &ufae‹wiðf yvkyrnf[k owif;&&Sygonf?
kf
G
f
d
(*) qENrraxmufconfh &yf§aus;/ òrŒd r&yfuursm;rSorsm;ukp±;Hk I òrŒd ay: &Sd abmvk;H
J
H
G f
l
dk
uGi;f twGi;f Y vltiftm;jzifh raxmufca=umif;qENjyyGudk usi;f yrnf[vnf;
H
J
k
owif;&&Sxm;ygonf? (ae‹&uf twdtus rodao;yg?)
d
(5) {&m0wDwi;/ armfvòrdiu|ef;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf trSwf (1)rJqENe,fajr trsdK;om;'Drdk
dk f
f
f
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; qENðyxm;jcif;ukd vk;0 raxmufcawmhyga-umif; ESihf E+wxu&ef awmif;cHvm//
H
H
f ë f
ì
(‚if;ykpZ,m;ukygay;yk‹d ygonf)” (qH;k )
HH
d
(txufazmfjyygZ,m;ykpudk yl;wGxm;ygonf?)
HH
J
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vqef; (11)&uf//
hS
1999 ckEp/f azazmf0g&Dv (25)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
143

144. t-r-p
144
trnf
touf
tbtrnf
EkdifiHom;rSwfyHkwif
ynm
vlrsdK;
tvkyftudkif
ae&yf
{&m0wDwdkif; armfvòrdifu|ef;òrdŒe,f/ jynfolŒv$wfawmftrSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf tm;
qENðyxm;jcif;ukd vHk;0raxmufcHawmhyga-umif;ESifh E+wfxGuf&ef awmif;cHv$m
vufrSwf
jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f

145. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡muffvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 14 (3§99)
rSwcsuf // // jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsutrSwf 9 (2 f
f
dk f
f
99) (&ufp/JG 17-2-99)/ a=unmcsutrSw-10(2§99)/ (&ufp/JG 18-2-99)ESihf
f
f
a=unmcsutrSwf - 12 (2§99) (&ufp/JG 24-2-99)wd@k Eihf yl;wGJ zwf±=_ uyg&ef//
f
S
1?
rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
dk f
tjzpf jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;jcif;cHxm;&aom OD;vGe;f wiftay: tm%mydif
l l k
k
rsm;u rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ ta=umif;rJ/h jynfovxucw;Hk vkyI t,kt=unfr&Sq+dk yD;vkyf
l l k dk k
f
H
d
aqmifconf?
hJ
2//
od‹k tm%mykirsm;. rw&m;vkyaqmif&mY uk,wiu,usyg0ifc=hJ uaom atmufyg
df
f
d f dk f dk f
wd@k onf w&m;Oya'jyÏmef;csursm;r&Sonfudk aqmif&u=f uonfa=umifh Oya'rsm;ESihf +ipe;f aeyg
f
d
G
dG
onf// Oya'rJaqmif&ucsursm;ukd yl;aygi;f }uHpnfI vkyaqmifjcif;rsm;jzpfonf?
h
G f f
f
oD & d ò rd i f e ,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u=f uaom/ awmifov,form; OD;òrdŒ/ t+idr;f pm; ynma&;
G
l
0efxrf; OD;cifw;dk / AG',vyief;&Sif OD;0if;ol qkorsm;//
D D dk k f
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;tjzpfaqmif&u=f uaom a':cifat;&D/ a': =unf=unfvif qkorsm;?
G
G d l
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom oD&òd rdi&yfuuae OD;&Jeif qko/l /
d
dk
f
G f
dk d
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qkonfuvufconfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
S f
d
dk
H
JG
aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGrS tzGŒJ 0if OD;ausm0if;xuf qkoEi/fh ,if;tm;ay;tyfonfh oD&òd rdi&yfuurS
f
J
f
d l S
f
G f
OD;wifòrdif qko?
d l
yef ; bJ w ef ; e,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u=f uaom yef;bJwef;&yfuurS pufq&m OD;xGe;f &Si/f ukef
G
G f
onfrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;aiG0if;/ OD;tifpr;f qkorsm;//
G d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;tjzpfaqmif&u=f uaom a':rrESi;f OD; ESihf a':EG,E,cif qkorsm;//
G
f G f dk d l
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom jynfwi;f ukewifuecs vkyom;rª; OD;^m%fO;D qko/l /
d
dk
G
f
k f
f
d
145

146. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qkonfuvufconfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
S f
d
dk
H
JG
aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGrS tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif!e@f qdoEihf ,if;tm;ay;tyfonfh armifi&yfuurS OD;aiGp;dk qko/l
f
J
$ k lS
H G f
d
a&$ ò rd i f o D & D e ,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u=f uaom v_i&yfuurueonfrsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;ode;f ZH/
G
df
G fS kf
OD;ausmat;/ OD;cifarmifat; qkorsm;?
f
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':a'pD ESifh a':oif;oif;rGef qkorsm;//
d l
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom ief;aw;&yfuurS t+ir;f pm; ausmif;q&m OD;rif;pk;d oef;?
d
dk
G f
d
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh pmwef;qkonfuvufconfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif
S f
d
dk
H
JG
tzGŒJ cGrS tzG@J 0if OD;=unf0if; qkoEihf ay;tyfol OD;atmifp;dk qko?
J
d l S
d l
3?
rE av;wki;f / jrif;+cHòrdŒe,frS trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
W
d
dk
f
dk f
vS,f OD;aygcif ESihf oufqionfh Oya'rJvy&yfrsm;ukd vkyaqmifay;&olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf
dk f
h kf
f
onf? ‚if;wd@k onf Oya'rJvy&yfrsm;uky;l aygi;f }uHpnf+yD; tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufðyvkyae=uonf?
h kf
d
f
ul&Gmwkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm;jzpfonfh awmifoO;D wkyf (1) ESihf awmifoO;D ode;f 0if;/ t+ir;f pm; ausmif;tkyf
l
l
d
q&m}uD; OD;az&Sef qkorsm;?
d d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':rsKd ;jrwfo/l a': EkiEiO;D qkorsm;?
d f kd f d l
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom ul&mrS awmifol OD;oef;jrif?
d
dk
G
h
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qkonfuvufconfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
S f
d
dk
H
JG
aumfr&SitzG@J crS OD;at;csKd qkoEifh ay;tyf&onfh jrif;+cHòrd@/ (13) &yfuuf pkre&wem or0g,r
f
JG
d lS
G
Gf
vDrwufrS OD;rif;aZmf qko/l /
d
d
aysmf b G , f p H j ywk d u f e ,f a 'o
obmywdrsm; - awmifoO;D vSaiG/ ukeonfO;D aX;atmif/ OD;rif;ekif qkorsm;?
l
f
fd d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a': jrjroku/f a':!k!jkd rifh qkorsm;?
d
dk
d l
pmwrf;qkonfuzwf=um;&aom aysmb,aus;&GmrS awmifoO;D atmifòrdiqo?
d
dk
f G f
l
f dk l
vufrwa&;xk;d ;xm;onfh pmwrf;qkonfuvufc&aom òrdŒe,ftm%mykitzGŒJ rS tzGŒJ
S f
d
dk
H
df
0if OD;nGe@f ausmf qkoEifh ay;tyfaom acsmif;a'gi;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSaiG qko?
d l S
d l
xaemif;wkdifwkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm; - OD;=unfatmif/ OD;bkcsp/f OD;aomif;pdef qkorsm;?
d
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;- a': jrjroif;/ a':cifrsd K;jrif?
h
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom a'gi;f opfaus;&GmrS OD;pHoe;f ?
d
dk
d
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qkonfuvufc&aom òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;
S f
d
dk
H
JG
146

147. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
aumfr&Siu,pm; jrif;jcHjynfoŒl aq;±krS a'guwma': =uL=uLEkiEifh ay;tyfaom ò*dvyifaus;
f dk f
H
f
df S
f
&GmrS awmifol OD;=unfatmif?
,Hkxkd;wkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm; - awmiforsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;atmifaxG;/ OD;!d/k OD;jrif=h unf qkorsm;?
l
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;- a':oif;oif;cdsK/ a':cifrmvm qkorsm;?
d l
tqkd qkonfuzwf=um;&aom ,kw;dk aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f aX; qko?
d
dk
H
d l
vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfqaom pmwrf;ukvufc&aom òrd@e,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif
S f
dk
d
H
JG
uk,pm; òrd@e,ftaxGaxGtycsKyfa&; OD;pD;XmerS/ 'kw, OD;pD;rª; OD;aqGat; qkoEihf ay;tyfaom
d f
kf
d
d lS
,kw;dk aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;Akvar$;?
H
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360jynfEp/f waygif;vqkw(1)&uf//
hS
f
1999ckEp/f rwfv(2)&uf//
S
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,Ijzef‹csonf?)
d
dk
l
d
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 15 (3§99)
1?
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf/ w&m;0ifrwywifxm;+y;D 1990 jynfEp/f arvY usi;f
dk
f
S f Hk
hS
ycJonf/h ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywi/f tjcm;w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwrsm;ESitwl
h
D Hk D dk
JG G
kd f H
D
fh
0ifa&muf,Oòf yiconf? tqkyga&G;aumufywif tzGŒJ csKyfuowfrway;vkuonfh jynfo‹l vwf
S d f hJ
d
JG G
S f
d f
$
awmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; 0ifa&mufta&G;cHconf? tqkygu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;onf
dk f
f
hJ
d dk f
f
w&m;0ifonfh yk*K~ vrsm;jzpf=uonf? xk‹d a=umifom a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ toD;
d f
h
JG
f
oD;u xky*K~ v}f uD;rsm;tm;/ 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydia&G;cs,ciudk w&m;0ifciðhf ycJjh cif;jzpfonf?
d k d
S f
f G hf
G
2?
xky*K~ v}f u;D rsm;xJwi/f rEœav;wki;f / jrif;jcòH rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ OD;armifarmif
dk d
G
d
0if; (c) OD;0if;armiftm;/ 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydita&G;cHapcJygonf? ‚if;tm; rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu
S f
h
S
l l k
vGwvyfpmESihf ‚if;wk‹d .oabmqENt& qENay;cJ=h uonf? ‚if;onf ckivrJ (39088)/ pkpaygi;f
f
G
d f Hk
k
147

148. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
rJ&mckiEe;f (68²08) jzifh ta&G;cHc&onf? tm%mykiw‹dk uvnf;/ ,if;yk*K~ v}f uD;onf w&m;0if
df _
hJ
df
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
f
dk f
f
3?
(u) ok‹d ygvsuf Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG
kfH
D
f Hk
f
Oya'rsm;wGi/f rnfonfjh yÏmef;csursm;wGirS vk;H 0ryg&onfuprsm;ud/k jyÏmef;csuf
f
f
dS h d P
rsm;ESiqef‹usivsu/f OD;armifarmif0if; tm; 3-3-99 &ufae‹u/ t,kt=unf
fh
f
H
r&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;[k oufqi&mjynfovxu/dk tm%mykirsm;u/
H
dk f
l l k
df
twif;t"rR w&m;rJ+h cdr;f ajcmufI aºuG;a=umfapcJonf?
h
(c) tqkygvy&yfwif atmufygw‹dk onf w&m;Oya'rJvyaqmif&mwGif yg0ify;l aygi;f
d k f
G
h k f
=upnfaqmif&uc=hJ uonf? od‹k a=umifh ‚if;wk‹d onf/ w&m;Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpe;f ol
H
G f
G
rsm;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'abmifudk usL;ausmaeolrsm;jzpfonf?
f
(1) oufqi&mtm%mykitzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSorsm;?
dk f
df
l
(2) acgi;f uëwue,frS
J dk f
obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;pH&/ awmifoO;D jrifatmif/ awmifol OD;aqmif
l h
qkorsm;?
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':cifaqG0if;/ a':oef;oef;aqGjrifh qkorsm;?
d l
qENazmfxwwifjyonfqaomol - omaygi;f aus;&Gm rS awmifol OD;ref;jrifh
k f
dk
qko?
d l
qENðyvufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfol - acgi;f uGaus;&GmrS awmif
S f
f
d
dk
J
ol OD;oef;at; qko?
d l
c±kif OD;pD;rª; - OD;wifatmif!e‹f qko?
d
G d l
(3) opf±wue,frS
Hk dk f
obmywdrsm; - awmifolOD;oef;0if;/ awmifolOD;aomif;xGef;/ awmifol
OD;uHaiGqorsm;?
dk l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':wifwifjr/ a':wifwifºuG,f qkorsm;/ qENxwazmf
d l
k f
wifjyonfqaomol opf±aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;omatmif qko?
dk
Hk
d l
qENðyvufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfudk ay;tyfaomol- opf±aus;&GmrS
S f
f
d
Hk
awmifol OD;csp+f idr;f qko?
d l
rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - jrif;jcHòrdŒe,f Oya't&m&Sd OD;ukuEif qko?
f
d
H
d dk kd d l
(4) qD;rD;ckwue,frS
H dk f
obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;ode;f 0if;/ awmifol OD;jrifaz/ awmifol OD;qef;&D
h
qkorsm;?
d l
148

149. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':0if;&D/ a':oef;oef; qkorsm;?
d l
qENxwazmfwifjyonfqaomol - qDr;D ck&mrS awmifoO;D aÏ;vif; qko?
k f
dk
H G
l
d l
qENðyvufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfaomol - qDr;D ck&mr &GmrS
S f
f
d
kd
H G
awmifol OD;tke;f armif qko?
d l
rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - jrif;+cHòrdŒe,f ynma&;rª; OD;xGe;f =unf qko?
f
d
H
d l
(5) av;tdrwef;wkue,frS
f
d f
obmywdrsm; - awmifoO;D tke;f a&$/ om;a&ukeonfO;D armifarmif/ t+idr;f
l
f
pm; ausmif;q&m OD;ausmaZm qkorsm;?
f
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':cifrsd K;vS/ a':rmrmat; qkorsm;?
d l
qENazmfxkwfwifjyonfqkdaomol - av;tdrfwef;aus;&GmrS awmifol
OD;ausm&if qko?
f
d l
qENðy vufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfudk ay;tyfaomol - jrif;+còH rŒd / &yfuuf
S f
f
d
G
trSwf (14) rS a&$yef;wdrf vkyief;&Sif OD;ausm'e;f qko?
f
f G d l
rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - t+ir;f pm; rlvwef; ausmif;tky}f u;D OD;jrifoe;f
f
d
H
d
h d
qko?
d l
(6) ebl;tkiwue,frS
d f dk f
obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;ausmjf rif/h awmifol OD;[efaxG;/ awmifol OD;wif
armif qkorsm;?
d l
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':trmxl;/ a':armfarmf qkorsm;?
d l
qENazmfxwf wifjyonfqaomol - ebl;tkiaus;&GmrS armfawmf,mOfvyf
k
dk
df
k
ief;&Sif OD;pk;d 0if; qko?
d l
qENðy vufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfudk ay;tyfaomol - ebl;tkiaus;&GmrS
S f
f
d
df
awmifol OD;vSarmif qko?
d l
rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - òrdŒe,f w&m;ol}uD; OD;tke;f oGiqo?
f
d
H
f dk l
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f waygif;vjynfausmf (8)&uf//
hS
h
1999 ckEp/f rwfv (9)&uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//)
kd
d
149

150. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 16 (3§99)
1?
&efuewi;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfovxu ‚if;wk@d . vGwvyfaom
k f dk
l l k
f
oabmqENt&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxrS qif;oufonf[aom
l l k
l
'Drua&pDusipOft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEpf arvu usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG
dk
hf
hS
h
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufywif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf
JG G
dk
$ f
dk f
f
0ifa&mufta&G;cHconfh OD;vGitm; rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu wcJeuf qENray;I v_uvuvvJS
hJ
f
S
l l k
J
d f d_ f JS
axmufcvuonf?
H dk f
2?
OD;vGionf ckivrJ (18189) &&S+d yD;/ &mckiEe;f (68²11) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH
f
d f Hk
df_
cJ&+yD; a&G;aumufyEioufqionfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
h
JG S hf
dk f
D Hk D dk
JG
u ‚if;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfonf// ok@d a=umifh
f
dk f
OD;vGionf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tjzpf &yfwnf
f
kd
f
dk f
f
vsu&onf?
f dS
3?
OD;vGionf *k%oa&&Sonfh yk*K~ v}f u;D jzpfonftjyif rdrwi;f jynf vGwvyfa&;óu;d yrf;r_
f
f
d
d
h
d dk
f
tqifqifaqmif&urrsm;wGif uk,wiu,usyg0ifaqmif&uconfh wki;f jynfuwu,fcspf
h h
G f _
d f dk f dk f
G f hJ
d
dk
aomyk*K~ vjf zpfonf? ‚if;jyif 1980 ckEptxd wyfrawmfwif }uD;rm;aomwm0efrsm;ukd tqifh
d
S f
G
twef;jrifjh rifjh zifh wm0ef,aqmif&uconfh yk*K~ vjf zpf±ru wki;f jynftycsKyfa&;Xmersm;wGif
l
G f hJ
d
Hk
d
k f
'kw,0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf wki;f jynfwm0efrsm;ukd rsKd ;csppwjf zifaqmif&uconfy*K~ v}f uD;jzpfonf?
d
d
fd
h
G f hJ h k d
4?
rdrwi;f jynfwif 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&Sap&ef&nf&,csujf zifh w&m;0if
d dk
G kd
hf
d
G f
zGŒJ pnf;v_y&m;aeonfh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKywif A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifwOD;taejzifh
fS
dk
f G
d
f
twGi;f a&;rª;wm0ef,I use;f rma&;csKd ŒwJaevsuyif ZG/J owW&&jdS zifh yg0ifaqmif&uvyuif
l
h
f
d dS
G f k f dk
aeonfy*Kd~ vf}uD;rSm OD;vGijf zpfonf?
hk
5?
w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,O;D vGitm; ‚if;.rJqENe,fwif tm%mykif
f
dk f
f
f
G
d
axmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;uOD;aqmifI òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; tm%mykitzGŒJ rsm;ESi/hf ekiia&;ESifh
S
df
kd f H
rnfo@dk r# oufqijf cif;r&Saom vlra&;tzGŒJ wckomjzpfonfh }ucia&;tzGŒJ rsm;tm;cki;f apI OD;vGif
dk
d
_
›H dk f
d
tm; (p) t,kt=unf r&S/d raxmufcH (qk;H ) qkonfh odrzsi;f vSonfh aºu;G a=umforsm;atmf[pf&ef
H
d
f
H
twif;t"rRtEkiusihf vlpaeonf[k owif;&&Sonf? ,ck rwfv rukerD w&m;r0ifonfh vky&yf
df
k
d
f
f
150

151. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
rsm;ukd vkyaqmif=urnf[k owif;&&Sonf? ,if;wk@d . vky&yfrsm;onf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;zGŒJ pnf;jcif;
f
d
f
dfH
D
ESifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'rsm;wGif vk;H 0Okyg0ifjyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Sonfh Oya'rJ/h
f
JG
H
d
w&m;rJh vky&yfrsm;omjzpfygvrrnf?
f
d hf
6?
OD;vGi. rJqENe,fajrwGif e,fajra'o (8) ck cGxm;+yD;/ a'owckY aus;&Gmtkypk (8)
f
J
f
ckrS (10) cktxd yg0ifonf[o&onf? tqkyge,fajra'owGif tm%mykirsm;ESi/hf Ekiia&;ESifh
k d
d
df
dfH
vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&S&onfh }uHcia&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u csKyfuixm;Ekionfaus;&Gmwckudk rw&m;/
d
› dk f
dk f
df h
Oya'rJh v_y&m;r_rsm;twGuf tajccHxm;onf[k od&onf//
f S
7?
tm%mykiaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESifh }uHcia&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf at;csr;f pGmvkyuif
df
S
h dk f
f dk
pm;aomufaeEki&ef ±ke;f uefae&onfh jynfovxudk rw&m;aom/ w&m;r0ifaom Oya'rJh vky&yf
df
l l k
f
rsm;ukd rvkyaqmif=u&ef trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu wkuwe;f vkuonf? oufqi&mjynfol
f
dk
f
d f G d f
dk f
vlxuvnf;/ w&m;Oya'rJh vky&yfrsm;ukd vkyaqmifvonfqENr&Srnfudk tzGŒJ csKyfuaumif;pGm
k
f
f
dk h
d
od&dS em;vnfyga=umif;?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360jynfEp/f wefc;vqef; (2)&uf//
hS
l
1999ckEp/f rwfv(18)&uf//
S
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,Ijzef‹csonf//)
d
dk
l
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 17 (3§99)
1?
ppfui;f wki;f / aumvif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,frS jynfovxu vGwvyfaomoabmqEN
dk d
l l k
f
t&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxrqif;oufonf[aom 'Drua&pD
l l k S
l
dk
usipOft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEp/f arv u usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
hf
h S
h
D Hk D dk
aumufyGJwGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf
0ifa&mufta&G;cHconfh OD;ode;f pHtm; wcJeufqENray;I v_uvuvvaxmufcconf?
hJ
J
d f d_ f JS JS
H hJ
151

152. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
OD;ode;f pHonf ckivrJ (29986) &&S+d y;D / rJ&mckiEe;f (73²1) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;
d f Hk
df_
‡
cHc&+yD; ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu OD;ode;f pHtm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
hJ
D Hk D dk
JG
f
f
dk
pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD; jzpfonf//
3?
xkd w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ode;f pHtm; ‚if;.rJqENe,fwif tm%m
f
dk f
G
ukdifaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒrsm;uOD;aqmifI EdkifiHa&;ESihfrnfokd@r#roufqkdifaom vlr_a&;tzGJŒ
tpnf;wckjzpfonfh }uHcia&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;cki;f apum OD;ode;f pHtm; (p) “t,kH
› dk f
hf
d
t=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 róuuawmh/ jynforsm;tm; trsKd ;rsKd ;'kuay;aea}umif;” (qk;H ) jzifh odrzsi;f onfh
d f
l
Q
f
vky&yfudk pwifvyaqmifae=uonf[k owif;&onf?
f
kf
4?
aumvif;òrdŒe,fwif òrdŒay: (6) &yfuu/f aus;&Gmtkypk (47) tkyp/k pkpaygi;f &yf§aus;
G
G
f
f k
(53) tkyp&onf? aus;&Gm(47) tkypudk 28-2-99 &ufae@wif wòyieufwnf; òrŒd e,ftm%mukif
f k dS
fk
G
df
d
wk@d .!¸e=f um;csujf zifh jynfaxmifp}k ucia&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif;rSO;D pD;I vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f onf[k
›H dk f
S f
d
owif;&onf?
5?
o&ufctyp/k tifa=umpOf aus;&GmwGif 28-2-99 ae@/ rGe;f vGJ (2) em&Dwif aus;&Gmat;
Hk k f
G
csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD OuUÏ OD;armifoef;ESifh tzG@J 0ifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ uom
òrdŒe,f}uHcia&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;rS twGi;f a&;rª; OD;armifarmifviEifh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onfvnf;
› dk f
Gf S
aumif;/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. aumvif;òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;
dk
f
dk f
f
uk,pm;vS,tjzpfrS y,fzsu&eftwGuf aus;&Gm&Sd tdraxmifp0ifpm&if;rsm;awmif;,lum t
d f
f
f
f
k
ouf (18) ESpf jynf+h yD;olwi;f vufrwa&;xk;d ay;&rnf/ vufrwra&;xk;d ygu axmif'%f (2) ESpf
dk
S f
S f
rS (3) ESptxd usc&rnfjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufvufrwa&;xk;d cki;f onf[k =um;od&onf// tdrf
f
H
S f
d
axmifO;D pD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;rwufygu '%faiG 100d§- ay;aqmif&rnf[vnf; ajyma=umif;
k
od&onf/
6?
tcsKd Œwkue,faus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGif aumvif;òrdŒe,f at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
d f
fk
aumifpOuUÏ OD;bk;d [efEitwl/ &JwyfzŒJG e,fxe;f 'kwyf=uyf OD;pdeaomif;ESihf &JwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;u
D
S hf
d
f
tm%muktvGo;Hk pm;vkyum aus;&Gmjynforsm;ukd twif;t=uyfvufrwx;dk cki;f onf[k od&&
d J
f
l
S f d
dS
onf? usef tcsKd Œwkue,faus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGif aus;&Gmat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD
d f
fk
OuUÏ wk@d u tdraxmifpZ,m;rsm;awmif;,lum touf (18) ESpjf ynfowi;f ukd toif,aqmif
f
k
h l dk
h l
vmaomZ,m;rsm;YxnfhoGif;a&;om;+yD; xkdolrsm;.vufrSwfrsm;udk q,ftdrfacgif;wOD;u
aomfvnf;aumif;/ tdrom;wOD;uaomfvnf;aumif; vufrwa&;xk;d ay;&ef apcki;f cJonf[k
f
S f
d h
qkonf? tcsKd Œwkue,faus;&Gmrsm;wGif jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,uy,fzsu&ef vufrwf
d
d f
$ f
dk f
f dk
f
S
rxk;d ay;olrsm;tm; &Jpcef;ok@d ac:oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufonf[k od&&onf?
dS
152

153. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
7?
tqkyge,fajra'owGif tm%mukirsm;ESi/hf ekiia&;ESifh vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&Saom
d
df
dfH
d
}uHcia&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&; tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; at;csr;f pGmvkyuipm;aomufaeEki&ef ±ke;f uefae&onfh
› dk f
f dk f
df
jynfovxudk +cdr;f ajcmuft=uyfuiI w&m;r0ifaom Oya'rJvy&yfrsm;rvkyaqmif=u&ef
l l k
dk f
h k f
f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wkuwe;f vkuonf? xkw&m;rJrukd vkyaqmif&ef twif;t=uyf
dk
d f G d f
d
h_
f
ukicae&aom jynfovxw@dk onf rdrw@dk wifajrmufxm;aomuk,pm;vS,tm; w&m;Oya'rJh
dfH
l l k
d
‡
d f
f
vky&yfrsm;ukd vkyaqmifvjdk cif;qENr&Sa=umif;ukvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfuaumif;pGmem;vnfyga=umif;?
f
f
d
d
8//
Tok@d w&m;0ifaeaomjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,udk “t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 r
f
dk f
f
H
axmufc” qkonfrsm;rSm atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vk;H 0w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmvkuf
H d
d
onf?
(u) 27-9-88 &ufae@wif xkwjf yefconfh Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESifh
G
hJ
dfH
D
f Hk
31-3-89 &ufae@wif xkwjf yefonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'wGif
G
f
ryg&onfh udprsm;ukd aqmif&uaejcif;?
dS
P
G f
(c) 18-9-88 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefaom trde@f trSwf 2§88 tyk'f (c)t&/ vl (5) a,muf
d
ESifh vl (5) a,mufxufyI pka0;jcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ v_ŒH aqmfjcif;/ rnfor# rðy
dk
l
vky& qkxm;vsuEihf oufqi&mtm%mykiw@dk u Tok@d jynfovxk pka0;ap
f d
f S
dk f
df
l l
jcif;onf rw&m;aomvky&yfjzpfjcif;?
f
(*) ±k;d om;jzLpifaomjynfovxudk rw&m;ckw;Hk vkyjf cif;?
l l k
(C ) vuf&yiaeaomtm%mukd tvGetu|tok;H ðyjcif;?
dS d k f
f
H
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360jynfEp/f wefc;vqef; (14)&uf
hS
l
1999ckEp/f rwfv(30)&uf
S
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,IjzefŒcsonf//)
d
dk
l
d
153

154. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;jyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 18 (3§99)
1?
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0ifrwywifxm;onfh w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;EkiiH
dk
S f kH
df
a&;udprsm;ukd jynfjh ynf00aqmif&uyici&aom Ekiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arvY
P
h
G f dk f G hf dS
dfH
D
hS
usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[qaoma&G;aumufywif tjcm;w&m;0if
h
D Hk D dk
JG k dk
JG G
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ESitwl 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydita&G;cHconf? tqkyga&G;aumufywif tzGŒJ csKyfu
dfH
D
hf
S f
hJ
d
JG G
owfrway;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,cc&mwGif
S f
d f
f
dk f
f
f H hJ
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ toD;oD;u xky*K~ v}f uD;rsm;. 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydita&G;
JG
f
d k d
S f
cs,crudk w&m;0ifvufcconf? Tonfrm xku,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;onf Oya'pnf;urf;
fH _
H hJ
S d dk f
f
ESitnD w&m;0ifonfy*K~ v}f uD;rsm;jzpfaoma=umifjh zpfonf?
hf
h k d
2?
xky*K~ v}f uD;rsm;xJwif ppfui;f wki;f / qm;vif;}uD;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,f
dk d
G f dk d
f
trSwf (1) twGuf OD;cifarmif=unftm; tzGŒJ csKyf.uk,pm;vS,avmif;tjzpf ta&G;cs,cap
d f
f
fH
cJonf? ‚if;tm; rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu vGwvyfpm ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt& qENray;I jynfo@l
h
S
l l k
f G
J
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=hJ uonf// OD;cifarmif=unf&&Saom ckivrJ
f
dk f
f
‡
d
d f Hk
ta&twGurm (18126) jzpf+y;D / &mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (77²09) &mckiEe;f jzifh ta&G;cHc&onf? ygwp'rdk
fS
df_
df_
hJ
D Hk D
ua&pDa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siqonfuvnf; ,if;yk*Kd~ vf}uD;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmf
JG
f dk
f
uk,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfa=umif; w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unf rSm 6-9-98 ae@rS
d f
f
pI ,ae@txd tm%mykiw@dk . zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;ukd cHae&qJjzpfonf?
df
3?
(u) xko@dk ‚if;wk@d u,wif w&m;0ifa=unmxm;ygvsu/f Ekiia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;
d
dk f dk
dfH
D
f Hk
Oya' ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' jyÏmef;csuyg tcsutvufrsm;ukd qef@usium
f
f
f
f
tm%mykiqorsm;u OD;cifarmif=unf tm;21-2-99 &ufae@u t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmuf
d f dk l
H
cHawmha=umif;[k oufqi&mjynfovxudk oufqi&mtm%mykiqorsm;u twif;t"rR/
dk f
l l k
dk f
fd f dk l
w&m;rJ+h cdr;f ajcmufI aºuG;a=umfapcJonf?
h
(c) tqkyg w&m;Oya'rJh vky&yfwif atmufygw@dk onf yg0ify;l aygi;f }uHpnfc=hJ uonf?
d
f
G
xk@d a=umifh ‚if;wk@d onf w&m;Oya'ESihf +idpe;f olrsm;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'abmifudk
G
usL;ausmaeolrsm;jzpfonf?
f
(1) oufqi&m tm%mykitzGŒJ tpnf;rS ywfoufaeolrsm;?
dk f
df
(2) qm;xk;H e,fajrrS
154

155. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
- obmywdrsm; - t+idr;f pm; ausmif;tky}f uD; OD;a&$/ ukeonf OD;vSaz/ òrdŒe,f
f
um;toif; OuUÏ - OD;tke;f armifqorsm;?
dk l
- tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':oef;0if;pef;/ a':at;at;oef; qkorsm;?
d l
- qENaz:xkwajym=um;ol - òrdŒrtrSwf (2) &yfuuae OD;wifaqmif; qko?
f
G f
d l
- qENðyvufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfudk ay;tyfol - òrdŒr&yfae OD;cifarmif
S f
f
d
aX; qko?
d l
- rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - qm;vif;}uD;òrdŒe,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
d
H
D Hk D dk
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;ode;f atmif qko?
JG
f
d l
(3) azgi;f uwme,fajrrS
- obmywdrsm; - ukeonf OD;bk;d eD/ awmifoO;D Akvóf udi/f pufavStoif;rS
f
l d
OD;uHoe;f qkorsm;/
d d l
- tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':at;at;oef;/ a': jrifjh rif0if; qkorsm;?
h
d l
- qENaz:xkwajym=um;ol - &Gm&Snaus;&GmrS OD;oef;a&G qko?
f
f
d l
- qENðyvufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfol - azgi;f uwm aus;&GmrS
S f
f
d
dk
ukeonf OD;oef;!dk qko?
f
d l
- rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - qm;vif;}u;D òrŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG
f
d
H
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;aZmf0if;xGe;f qko?
JG
f
d l
4?
xk@d tjyif &&S/d =um;odxm;aomowif;rsm;t& &efuewi;f / oefvsiòf rdŒe,f rJqENe,f
k f dk
trSwf (1) rS ta&G;cs,cxm;&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwm0if;Ekitm;/
fH
f
dk f
f
df
“t,kH t=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmufcawmha=umif;” qkonfvwpk. qENaz:xkwywckudk w&m;
H
d h l
f JG
r0ifusi;f yðyvkyrnf[k =um;od&onf?
f
5?
&efuewi;f / oefvsiòf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfovxu vGwvyfaomoabm
k f dk
l l k
f
qENt&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxrqif;oufonf[aom 'Drua&pD
l l kS
l
dk
usipOft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEp/f arvu usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
hf
h S
h
D Hk D dk
aumufyGJqkdonfwGif trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a'guwm0if;Ekitm; wcJeufqENray;I v_uvpma&G;cs,c=hJ uonf?
f
df
J
d f JS G
f
6?
a'guwm0if;ekionf ckivrJ (18845) rJ&&S+d yD;/ rJ&mckiEe;f (66²46) &mckiEe;f jzifh a&G;
f
df
d f Hk
df _
df _
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&ojzif/h ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif qkonfu
hJ
D Hk D dk
JG
d
a'guwm0if;Ekitm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
f
df
f
dk f
7?
6-9-98 &ufae@rpI ,ae@txd tm%mykiw@dk . zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&onf/h
S
df
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonfh a'guwm0if;Ekitm; raxmufcawmh
f
dk f
f
f
df
H
155

156. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a=umif; qENaz:xkwfyGJðyvkyfEkdif&eftwGuf bk&m;ukef;aus;&Gmtkyfpk/ ausmufa&wGif;aus;&Gm
tv,fwef;ausmif;Y ðyvkyaom òrŒd e,f}ucia&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif; tr_aqmifrsm; qifym;oif
f
›H dk f
hG
wef;qkonfwif oufqi&mrJqENe,fajr&Sd jynfovxudk rnfo@dk t=uyfuiI/ w&m;r0ifonfh
d
G
dk f
l l k
dk f
,if;vky&yfudk vkyci;f &rnfudk tpDtpOfrsm; ðyvky=f uonf[k od&&onf? vlra&; toif;omv#if
f
f dk
dS
_
jzpfaom }uHcia&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;0ifrsm;taejzifh rdrw@dk Eihf rnfo@dk r# roufqionfh Ekiia&;
› dk f
d S
dk f
dfH
&m udprsm;ukd rnfou cki;f Ivky&onfjzpfap/ Tvky&yfonf w&m;r0ifaom Oya'udusL;vGef
P
l d
f
f
k
onfvy&yfomjzpfa=umif; odapvkuonf? cki;f ol/ vkyol ESpO;D pvk;H odumrJvonf?
h kf
d f
d
f
f
Q h S
8?
tvm;wlyif yJc;l wki;f / om,m0wDòrde,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
f
uk,pm;vS,f OD;pH0if; ESihf trSwf (2) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;armifat; wk@d tm;/ t,kt
d f
f
dk f
H
=unfr&d/S raxmufcawmha=umif; rw&m;qENaz:xkwyJG ðyvkyrnf[k =um;od&onf?
H
f
f
9?
xky*K~ v}f u;D (2) OD;onf 1990 jynfEp/f arv u usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
dk d
hS
h
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyqonfwif OD;pH0if;u ckivrJ (15309)/ rJ&mckiEe;f (54 ² 91) &mckiEe;f / OD;armifat;
JG dk
G
d f Hk
df_
df_
u ckivrJ (14747)/ rJ&mckiEe;f (60²26) &mckiEe;f &&SI oufqi&mjynfovx. vGwvyfaom
d f Hk
df_
df_ d
dk f
l l k
f
oabmqENt& wcJeufa&G;cs,cxm;&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
fH
dk
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonf? Tonfudk ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
f
dk f
f
D Hk D dk
JG
qkonfuvnf; w&m;0ifa=unm+y;D jzpfonf?
d
10?
xkd w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;onf ,cktcg tm%mykirsm;.
f
kd f
df
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;ukcae=u&+y;D / xkoEpO;D tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;
dH
d lSf
H
H
rw&m; qENaz:xkwyJG ðyvkyEi&eftwGu22-3-99 &ufae@u om,m0wDòrdŒ q&mpHcef;rwGif
f
f dk f
f
òrdŒe,ftm%mykitzGŒJ u}uD;rª;I tpnf;ta0;w&yfðyvkyonf[k =um;od&onf// ,if;tpnf;
df
f
ta0;ok@d &yfuutm%mykirsm;ESihf }uHcia&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&; toif;0ifrsm; wufa&muf=uonf[k
G f
df
› dk f
hf
od&onf?
11?
,if;tpnf;ta0;Y om,m0wDc±kif tm%mykitzGŒJ OuUÏ 'k-Akvr;_ }uD; tke;f jrifh ESihf
d
df
d f
òrŒd e,f tm%mykitzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;cifp;dk wk@d u atmufygtwki;f ajymqk!e=f um;onf[o&&onf?
df
d
d ¸
k d dS
(u) om,m0wDòrdŒe,frqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESitrSwf (2) rS uk,pm;vS,EpO;D ukd
J
hf
d f
f S f
t,kt=unfr&Sd tqkwifoi;f &rnf?
H
d
G
(c) t,kt=unfr&Sd tqkwifoi;f Ekia&;twGu/f &yfuutm%mykirsm;ESihf }uHcia&;
H
d
G df
G f
df
› dk f
ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif;0ifrsm;yl;aygi;f +y;D / wtdrwufwtdrqif; vkuvI touf (18)
f
f
d f H
ESpf jynf+h yD;olwi;f ukd vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f &rnf?
dk
S f
d
(*) t,kt=unfr&Sa=umif; vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh ykpH (2) apmifudk 31-3-99 &uf
H
d
S f
H
ae@ aemufq;Hk xm;+yD; òrdŒe,ftm%myki±;Hk ok@d ay;yk@d &rnf?
df
156

157. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(C) ‚if;ykprsm;ukd ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siqonfh
H H
D Hk D dk
JG
f dk
±k;H ok@d wifjy+yD; aumfr&Siuowfrway;onf&ufwif t,kt=unfr&Sd rw&m;
f
S f
h
G
H
tqkwifoi;f onfh rw&m;vlpyusi;f y&rnf?
d
G
k JG
12?
,cktcg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh jynfoŒl wm0efukd xrf;aqmifcihf
f
dk f
f
G
r&=uonftjyif/ rdrrqENe,fajrukyif oGm;a&mufciray;bJ/ tppt&m&m ydwyif[ef@wm;jcif;
h
dJ
d
G hf
f
ukcae&onf? jynfovx}k uD;w&yfv;Hk rSmvnf; qefaumxJwif ZD;jzLoD;ukd xnfvrouJo@dk
dH
l l
G
h dS hf h
w,Hwqdwr# at;at;csr;f csr;f / em;em;aeae r&S=d u&ay? vkycaiGa=u;r&&Sb/J twif;t"rR
f
f
d
vkytm;ay;apcki;f cH=u&onf? ukeaps;E_e;f }uD;jrifjh cif;'%fukd tvl;tvJc=H u&ojzif/h w0rf;wcg;
f
d
f
aeom±kr#pm;aomufei&ef/ raerem;/ ae&mra&G;/ tcgra&G;/ odumrapmifpnf;eki}f uawmhbJ
H
dk f
Q
h
d
ykdufqH&v#if rnfonfhtvkyfrqkdvkyfukdifae=u&onf? awmifolv,form;rsm;rSmvnf;
rdrpuonfo;D ESuyif rdrd vk;H vk;H vsm;vsm;ryki/f owfrwuwmay;ae=u&onf? v,fvyom;
d kd f h H kd
d
S f dk
kf
rsm;b0qkv#if pkwjf ywfI/ rwfwwfajcmufae=uay+y? Tok‹d qif;&Jr_ twd'uQ trsKd ;rdsK; cHpm;ae
d
D
k
=u&aom tESypufcH jynfovx}k uD;tm; oufqi&mtm%mykirsm;ESifh ,if;wk‹d . tcki;f cH
d f
l l
dk f
df
d
tac|t&Hrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ }uHcia&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;0ifrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ t"rR +cdr;f
› dk f
ajcmuf/ t=uyfuiI trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfqef@usia&; tiftm;twkjyyGrsm;ukd wuf
dk f
dk
f
J
a&muf=u&ef ac:,lnO;f qJae=uonf? rwufa&muforsm;rSm '%faiGay;aqmif=u&onf?
‡
l
13?
Tod‹k ðyvky&ef oufqi&mtm%mykitqifqifu rD;pdr;f jyIvrf;!$ecsursm;ay;um
f
dk f
df
h h
f f
cki;f apaejcif;tm;jzif/h Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;[laomt"dyg` ,trSeEihf tajctaerSersm; ,cktcg aysmuf
d
f
fS
f
uG,ae+yjD zpfonf? ‚if;tm%mykirsm;ESihf ,if;wk@d cki;f wki;f vkyaom vlŒtoki;f t0ki;f tcsKd Œwk@d onf
f
fd f
d d
f
d
dk
w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ukzsuq;D ae=ujcif;a=umifh xkvy&yfrsm;ukd jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonfh tjyif/
d f
d kf
G f dk f
&yfwef;u&yf=u&ef wkuwe;f vkuonf? ±k;d om;aomjynfovxuvnf;/ Oya'rJ/h ta=umif;rJh
d f G d f
l l k
vky&yfrsm;ukd vkuemvkyaqmifjcif; &Svrrnfr[kw[k jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu
f
d f
f
d d hf
f
f
dk f
,k=H unfyga=umif;?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wefc;vjynfae‹?
hS
l
h
1999 ckEp/f rwfv(31)&uf//
S
(trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,Ijzef‹csonf?)
d
dk
l
d
157

158. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 19 (4§99)
1?
1990 jynfEpu usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif rE av;wdi;f
hSf
h
D Hk D dk
JG G W
k
ausuyef;awmif;òrŒd e,frS atmufyg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;/ oufqi&m rJqEN
f
f
kd f
f
kd f
&Sif jynfovxu wcJeufaxmufcI a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;cJonf? ‚if;yk*Kd~ v}f u;D (2) OD;onf
l l k
H
‡
h
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,pm;ðy=uonf?
dk
k f
OD;AdvZH - rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) / cdivrJ (35320) ESihf rJ&mcdiEe;f (70²87) &&Sonf?
k f
k f kH
kf _
d
OD;aiGxe;f - rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) / cdivrJ (35735) ESihf rJ&mckiEe;f (68²44) &&Sonf?
G
k f kH
df _
d
2?
txufyg w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,}f u;D (2) OD;tm; 15-2-99 &ufae@
f
k f
wGif tm%myditzG@J rsm;u Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG
kf
kfH
D
f kH
f
Oya'rsm;wGif vH;k 0OHk jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Sonhtcsursm;udk azguzsuvsu/f jynfovxqkd
d f
f
f f
l l k
onfukd tvGo;kH pm;ðyum t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufc[k aºuG;a=umfatmf[pfapcJonf? xdo@kd
J
k
H
h
k
Oya'rJ/h rw&m;vky&yfrsm;udk vkyaqmifjcif;rðy&efEihf rdrxwjf yefconfh Oya'ukd rdrcsKd ;azgujf cif;
f
f
S d k
hJ
d
rðy&ef óudwifuef@uuf ±_wcsc+hJ yD;jzpfonf? od@k pOfvsuf tm%mydirsm;u ±k;d om;ajzmifpif;aom
G
f
kf
h
jynfovxtm; Oya'csKd ;azguonfenf;vrf;udk twif;t"rRenf;rsm;jzifh jyovkyaqmifapcJh
l l k
f h
f
onf?
3?
od@k rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR vkyaqmifrEi@f ywfoufI “w&m;aomOya'udk
f
_ S
vdvm;awmifwaeaom jynfow@kd .ud,pm;”[k trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@kd 18-2-99
k
h
l
k f
dk
&ufpjJG zifa&;om;ay;yd@k onfh ta=umif;=um;pmygtcsursm;udk az: jyvduonf?
h
f
k f
(p) vl}uD;rif;odap&ef ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? u|eawmfonf rE av;wdi;f ausmuf
f
W
k
yef;awmif;òrŒd e,f/ ajrmufawmaus;&GmrS jzpfygonf? u|eawmfw@kd &GmwGif 15-2-99 &ufu tjzpf
f
tysursm;udk wifjyvdygonf? ,if;rSm f
k
15-2-99 &ufae@ ae@vnf (12) em&Dcef@wif u|eawmfw@kd &Gm. &Gmol}uD;jzpfol OD;atmif
G
f
jrifonf aus;&Gmaejynfovxtaygi;f tm;/ 16-2-99 &ufae@wif jynfoŒl qEN az:xkwyo‹kd
h
l l k
G
f JG
(18) ESpjf ynfowi;f rysuruGuwufa&muf=uyg&ef/ qENaz:xkwyo@kd rwufa&mufygu rdr.
h l dk
f
f
f JG
d
wm0ef/ rdr. tjypfomjzpfa=umif;udk toHcsŒJ pufjzifh ajymqdtoday;cJygonf? ‚if;aemuf nae
d
k
h
6;00 em&Dcef@wif jynfaxmifp}k uHcia&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif; pnf;±H;k a&;rª;jzpfol armifcifarmifaX;
G
› kd f
onfvnf; ‚if;enf;twdi;f a=unmtoday;jyefygonf? 16-2-99 &ufae@eeuf 6;00 cef@wif
k
H
G
158

159. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfaxmifp}k uHcia&;ESihf zHŒG òzd;a&;toif; tr_aqmif armifa&$oe;f rSvnf; ,ae@eeuf 8;00 em&D
› dk f
d
H
f JG
f
f
cef@wif 18 ESpjf ynfjh y;D olwi;f (NLD) ±_wcsyo@dk rysuruGuwufa&muf=uyg&ef/ rwufa&mufyg
G
dk
u rdr.tjypf rdr.wm0efomjzpfa=umif; today;a=unmtyfygonf[k toHcsŒJ pufjzifh a=unm
d
d
f
cJygonf? (rSwcsu? ? (NLD) ±_wcsy. ae&mrSm u|eawmf&m. awmifbuf 1 rdiccef@&dS
h
f f
f JG
f
h G
k f JG
awmifay:&Gmom jzpfygonf? )
f
Tod@k jzifh ±_wcsyo@kd wufa&muf=u&onf? jyefvmcJ=h u&onf? Todjk zifh (NLD) ±_wcsyJG
f JG
od@k rwufa&mufaomolrsm;udk '%faiG 50d usywwd ±duygonf? ,ck csucsi;f vma&muf
f d k f
f
'%faiGaqmif=uyg[k &&u OuUÏ jzpfol atmifjrifh qdou toHcsŒJ pufjzifh a=unmjyefygonf?
k l
±_wcsyo@kd rwufa&mufotm;vH;k 150 cef@&a=umif; od&rwom;&ygonf? Tod@k jzifh oH;k }urwif
f JG
l
dS
dS S f
d f kd
wdif today;a=unmygonf? aiGa=u;tqifajyI '%faiGaqmifol OD;a& 115 OD;cef@ &Sonf[k
k
d
=um;cJ&ygonf? '%faiGaqmif aemufusaeolO;D a& rSm 35 a,muf&a=umif; od&yg onf? Tod@k
h
dS
'%faiGaqmifaemufusaeolrsm;udk OuUÏjzpfol atmifjrifu ykyg` ;&Jpcef;rS e,fxe;f jzpfol &m!¸e@f
h
d
ESihf taygi;f tyg&om;wa,mufuac:I '%faiGrsm;udk twif;t"rRawmif;qd±tjyif 0di;f wHcg;
J
kd
k kH
k
ydwxm;aomtdrrsm;udk (*syef acwfppfyvyrsm;yrm) ajcaxmufjzifuef0ifI vl}u;D tdrf csujf cif;
f
f
k df
h
vma&mufawGŒqH&ef today;Ed;_ aqmfcygonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfovxonf &yf&mvl}u;D tdrwif
k
hJ
l l k
G
f G
óuHŒóuHŒav;xdiI idiae=uygawmhonf? xd@k aemuf vl}uD;tdrwif e,fxe;f &Jjzpfol &m!Ge@f onf
kf kf
f G
d
cifAsm;wd@k ±_wcsyo@dk bmjzpfv@dk rwufa&muf=uwmvJ? cifAsm;wk@d tzGŒJ udk (NLD) tzGŒJ [k pGyp+JG y;D
f JG
f
&Jpcef;ac:&vdrrnf[k ajymqdcygonf? ‚if;aemuf &yf&mvl}uD;atmifjrifrS ajymaompum;rSm
hf
k hJ
G
h
vnf; usKyfukd ausmufyef;awmif;e,fyi}f uD;u taiguc&w,f? cifAsm;&Gmu }uD;+yD;awmh wuf
kd
fH
a&mufwvO;D a&enf;vSacsvm;? cifAsm; bmrS apmufo;kH rusb;l vd@k taiguc&w,f? usKyfukd
hJ l
fH
taiguc&wJtwGuf usKyfuvnf; cifAsm;wk@d ukd 'Dtwdi;f rxm;bl;/ &Jpcef;udy@kd &vdrr,f? tcsKyf
fH h
k
k
hf
cdi;f &vdrr,f[k ajymqdcygonf? Tod@k jzifh trsKd ;rsKd ; +cdr;f ajcmuf[e;f a[mufcygonf? tcserm
k
hf
k hJ
d
hJ
dfS
um; 16-2-99 n 11;00 em&D tcdsexd jzpfygonf? Tod@k jzifh ±_wcsyo@kd rwufa&mufI
f
f JG
'%faiGaqmifaemufusaeol (35) OD;tm; eHeufwif ykyg` ;&Jpcef;od@k om;a&muf&ef e,fxe;f &m!Ge@f
G
G
d
ESihf taygi;f yg&om;wOD;wd@k u trde@f ay;chygonf? xd@k aemuf vl}uD;tdrrS vlpuom;cJygonf?
J
J
f
k JG G h
aemufwae@ 17-2-99 &ufae@ eHeufwif &&u OuUÏ atmifjrifh tdro@kd xyfrac:aqmif+yD;
G
f
H
+cr;f ajcmufygonf? tcseum; eHeuf 9;00 em&Dcef@jzpfonf? Tod@k jzif@ rdr.p&dwEi@f ykyg` ;&Jpef;od@k
d
df
df
fS
oGm;&ef trde@f ay;cJjh yefygonf? '%faiGaqmifa=u; !‡Ei;f r&I ae@cif; 11;30 em&Drm ykyg` ;od@k
d _d
S
ajcvsiom;&ygonf? (ykyg` ;ESihf ajrmufawm aus;&Gm. tuGmta0;rSm 3 rkiccef@jzpfygonf?)
f G
d f JG
Tok@d oGm;a&mufaomolrsm;rSm 35 OD;teuf 25 OD;omv#if oGm;a&mufyg onf? usef 10 OD;rSm
ol}uD;rS cGiðhf yaomolrsm;jzpfygonf? ‚if;wd@k rm &&u tzGŒJ 0if (1) OD;ode;f atmif (2) OD;ode;f atmif
S
.om;oruf armif0if; (3) OD;wifvi/f a': =uifvif ponf ponfrsm;jzpfonf? ykyg` ;od@k oGm;a&muf
_d
_d
olrsm;rSm pm;0wfaea&; rajyvnfaom rkq;kd r/ aps;onf/ uav; rdcif/ zcifrsm;omjzpfonf?
Tod@k ykym;ok@d ajcvsiom;=u&mwGif rkq;kd rtzGm;tdk a':r,fom onf touf (65)
`
f G
ESpcef@&+dS yD;I tpma&pmcsKd ŒwJaeum vrf;ckvwfwif tcsKyfc&rnfup;kd &drxwvef@Ia=umifh
f
h
G
H
kd f d f
159

160. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vnf;aumif;/ tpm;tpmqmavmifrwoyIvnf;aumif; rl;arhI vJavsmif;oGm;ygawmhonf?
G f df
S
xdtcg armifapmaX;/ a':pef;=unf/ a':=unf&i/f a':ao;cifw@kd rS ulnaz;rI toufjyefvnf
k
S
D
&Sicygonf? ‚if;aemuf rkq;kd r a':wif=unfrmvnf; ol.cifye;f ukd owd&+y;D cifye;f r&Sv@kd 'Dvjkd zpf
f hJ
S
G
G d
&onf[I id&if;id&if; wufom;onfrm oH;k }urwiwif jzpfygonf? (ae&mrSmum;/ ykyg` ;vGiaus;
l k k
G
S
d f kd f kd
f
&GmrSmjzpfygonf?) Tod‹k jzifh ykyg` ;&Jpcef;od@k a&muf&=dS uygonf? nae 3;00 em&Dxd tcsKyfxo@dk
J
roGi;f bJ tpma&pmiwfjywfpmjzifh &Jpcef;0ef;xJwiaecJ=h u&ygonf? xdtcsewif &&u OuUÏ
G
Gf
k d f G
jzpfol atmifjrifonf ykyg` ;od@k vurvmbJ &GmrSmwifaecJygonf? e,fxe;f &m!Ge@f rm ykyg` ;wGi&aeyg
h
kd f
h
d
S
f dS
onf? xdtcg &Jpcef; pma&;}uD;jzpfou &Gmvl}uD;ac:cJyg/ tm;vH;k jyefvwygrnf[ajymygonf?
k
l
h
$ f
k
&Gmvl}uD;udk &Gmod@k jyefac:&ygonf? &Gmvl}uD;rSm ajcvsirvduEiyg[qum C§2121 um;/ 3
f k f kd f k kd
wef,mOf (owner) OD;aomif;jrifhum;udk toGm;tjyef2600d usyfjzifh iSm;&rf;cJhygonf?
um;ctwGuf wa,mufukd 50d usyf tjyif 200d usypaumufccygonf[k =um;od&ygonf?
f D
H hJ
aumufcorm OD;ayG;jzpf+yD;/ aiGrsm;udk aemufq;kH OuUÏ vufxo@kd tyfE&ygonf? wa,muf
H l S
J
HS
200d usyEe;f rSm 29 OD;pm[k od&&ygonf? ‚if;aiGrsm;onf r&Sqif;&Jom;/ rkq;kd raiGrsm;omv#if
f _
dS
d
jzpfygonf? xdaiGrsm;udt&,lI tm%mudt=umif;ðyum jynfovxtay: Tod‹k qufqðH yrl
k
k
k
l l k
aeygonf?
Tok@d txufygta=umif;t&mrsm;ESihf ywfoufI wifjytyfonfrm u|eawmfw@dk r&Sd
S
f
qif;&Jom; jynfovxw@dk .b0onf b,fvcpm;tyfygrnfenf;// J J (qk;H )
l l k
dk H
4?
tm%mykirsm;.vky&yfrsm;rSm jynfovxudk rw&m;/ twif;t"rR ðyusi+hf yD; =urf;
df
f
l l k
ñuwfpm qufqaejcif;jzpfonf/ ‚if;jyif jynfoŒl qENq+dk y;D qENqonfh pum;vk;H rsm;ukd tvGo;Hk pm;
G
H
dk
J
ðyvkyaeonf/ qENqonfrm um,uH&iwOD;u tjcm;rnfowOD;ur# wkuwe;f jcif;r&SbJ rdr.
f
dk
S
Sf
l
d f G
d
d
oabmqENt& vkyaqmifjcif;rnfonf? ,cktcgrm tm%mykirsm;u twif;t"rR vmapcki;f /
f
S
df
d
+cr;f ajcmufI vmapcki;f / rvma&mufonfh jynfovxudk trsKd ;rsKd ; ESypuf!O;f yef;I '%faiG±uf
d
d
l l k
df
S
dk
onftxd tajctaeqk;d ESihf awGΗuHae&onf?
5?
txufwiaz: jycJonfh tm%mykiw@dk .vky&yfrsm;uk±wcsI/ av;eufjyif;xefpm
Gf
h
fd f
f
d _ f
G
uef@uuvuonf?
G f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wefc;vjynfausmf (7) &uf?
hS
l
h
1999 ckESpf/ {jyDv (7) &uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹csonf?)
kd
d
160

161. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 20 (4§99)
Ediiawmfat;csr;om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;a&;aumifpD OuUXxHoŒkd 7 / 4 / 99 &ufpjJG zifay;ydŒk onfh
kfH
f
d
h
pmyg ta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef xkwjf yefvuonf?
kd f
(p) ta=umif;t&m?
? ppfui;f wdi;f / jrif;rlòrŒd e,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl
kd k
kd
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2)OD;tay: tm%mydirsm;. vkyaqmif
f
kd f
kf
f
r_rsm;?
1?
ppfui;f wdi;f / jrif;rlòrŒd e,frS atmufygjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;onf ouf
kd k
f
kd f
qdi&mrJqEN&ijf ynfovxu/ vH;k 0tm;ay;I wcJeufaxmufc+H yD; 27-5-90 &ufae@uusi;f y
kf
S
l l k
ay;cJonfh a&$;aumufywif qENray;cJonfa=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
h
JG G
J h
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&ygonf?
kd f
f
OD;bmbm
OD;wifaiG
- cdivrJ (16477)&&SI rJ&mE_e;f (73²08)jzifh rJqENe,ftrSw(1)rS a&G;aumuf
k f kH
d
f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf?
- cdivrJ (16151)&&SI rJ&mE_e;f (72²11)jzifh rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS a&G;aumuf
k f kH
d
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf?
2?
txufyg oufqi&mjynfovx. *k%oa&&Sd ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; 6-9-98 &ufae@
kd f
l l k
f
k f
f
rSpI tm%mydirsm;u ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h xde;f odr;f / zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmifxm;cJygonf? zrf;qD;csKyf
kf
h
aESmifjcif;udk aqG;aEG;onf[k vdrvnfa=unmcJygonf? ,ckrl (7) vcef@&+dS yjD zpfygonf? vH;k 0OHk
f
h
rw&m;onfh vky&yfjzpfygonf? wu,faqG;aEG;onfqygv#if Tr# tcseumvr=umoifyg?
f
kd
d f
h
wrifoufouf !‡O;f yrf;ESypufxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,}f uD;
df
f
kd f
(2) OD;tm; zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxm;onfae&mrSm tvGenzsi;f onfh taqmuftOD;wckjzpfonftjyif
f
h
f hH
h
trd;k rSm oGyr;kd jzpfonfa=umifh tvGeyonfa'owGi/f tylveuaeonf[=k um;od&ygonf? xdnhH
f
fl h
Gf J
k
zsi;f aom taqmuftOD;onf jrif;rlòrdŒESihf tvSr;f uGma0;onfjzpfygonf?
161

162. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
3?
yk*Kd~ v}f u;D (2)OD;tm; tm%mydirsm;u zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxm;onfa=umifh vlvcsi;f pmem
kf
f
l
axmufxm;onftaejzifh aexdia&;/ pm;aomufa&;/ use;f rma&;qdi&m tp&Sonfh vlwOD;w
h
kf
kf
d
a,muf. ae@pOfvtyfcsursm;twGuf tm%mydirsm;. vH;k 0wm0efjzpfygonf? =um;od&onfh
kd
f
kf
owif;rsm;t& ‚if;yk*K~d vf}u;D (2) OD;wd@k onf rdom;pkrsm;u ay;yd@k onfh pm;aomuf&efw@kd ukd rdrbm
d
om csuðf ywfpm;aomufae&ygonf? ‚if;wd@k twGuf apmif=h unfaeaom tm%myditzGŒJ rsm;.
h
kf
cdi;f apjcif;cHae&onforsm;udk yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;u vl}u;D odumESitnD apwemxm;I cGa0au|;ae
k
h l
Q hf
J
&onf[k =um;od&ygonf?
4?
txufygazmfjyyg ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf vH;k 0ray:oif/h ray:xduxuonfrsm;jzpfyg
k f kd f
onf? jynfovx. ud,pm;vS,}f uD;rsm;udk Tod@k qufqðH yrljcif; rðyoifyg? vkyaqmifonfh
l l k k f
h
f
yk*Kd~ vrsm;twGuf odumusvygonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmf}u;D rsm;udk qufqðH yr_
f
Q
S
f
kd f
f
rSm rw&m;usve;f vSygonf? ‚if;wd@k Eihf tjcm;rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h wrifoufouf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
G
S
xm;onfh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf jynfe,f§wdi;f /
kd
f
kd f
f
k
òrdŒe,f/ aus;&Gmrsm;rS pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk rnfonfuef@owfcsursm;r&SapbJ/ c|i;f csur&Sd
h
f
d
f
tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;yg&ef tav;teufawmif;qdvuygonf?” (qH;k )
$ f
k kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wefc;vjynfausmf (8) &uf?
hS
l
h
1999 ckEp/f {_yDv (8) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,jl zefŒcsonf?)
kd
d
162

163. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 21 (4 § 99)
Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD OuUÏ xHo@kd 8-4-99 &ufpjJG zifh ay;yd@k
dfH
onfh pmyg ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef xkwjf yefvuonf//
dk f
(p) “ta=umif;t&m?
? &Sr;f jynfajrmufyi;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS
kd
jynfovxua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;oef;aX;tm;
l l k
f
kd f
ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;?
1?
OD;oef;aX;onf oufqi&mjynfovxu ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt& 1990 jynfEpf ygwpHk
dk f
l l k
hS
D
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y&mwGif axmufcHI qENrJay;um trsdK;om;'Drdku
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHxm;&onfh
f
kd f
f
‡
*k%oa&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;jzpfygonf? ‚if;onf &Sr;f jynfajrmufyi;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
f
kd
rSjzpfygonf?
2?
OD;oef;aX;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfygv#u/f A[dw&m;±k;H a&S@aewOD;
f
kd f
f
k
jzpfygv#u/f tm%mydirsm;u ta=umif;rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;cJonfrm 1998 ckEp/f
kf
h
S
S
pufwifbmvrSpI ,ae@wif jzpfygonf? ‚if;tm; vm;±d;_ &Jpcef;wGif zrf;csKyfxm;vdu/f tusO;f
dk
k
axmifY ajymif;a&$ŒI zrf;csKyfxm;vkuEihf ,cktcg &Jpcef;xuf/ tusO;f axmifw@kd xuf ydrq;kd
d f S
k kd
0g;aom rD;r&Sonfae&mwckwif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;onf[k owif;=um;od&ygonf?
d h
G
d
‚if;jyif vlwOD;wa,muf. ae@pOfvtyfcsursm;jzpfaom pm;aomufaexkia&;/ aq;0g;rS0pm;
dk
f
df
D J
aomufjcif; tp&Sonfw@dk ukd vk;H 0r&&SbjJ zpfaeonf[k =um;od&ygonf? tpm;taomufuvnf;
d
d
kd
aumif;rGepmrau|;arG;[k od&onf//
fG
3?
jynfovx. *k%oa&&Sonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,/f A[dw&m;±k;H a&SŒae
l l k
f
d
$ f
kd f
k
}uD;jzpfolwOD;udk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;.ðyrlcsufrsm;rSm vlvlcsif;qufqHr_ vkH;0OkH
r&Sjd zpfaeygonf?
4?
rnfonftjypfur# pd;k pOf;r#usL;vGejf cif;r&Sonfh *k%oa&&Sd vl}u;D rif;tay: txufuhJ
h
kd
d
f
od‹k qufqxm;r_ukd vk;H 0 &yfpapyg&ef txl; av;eufpm awmif;qkvuygonf? qufqrnzsi;f vS
H
J
G
d kd f
H _ hH
onfa=umifh OD;oef;aX;. touftE &m,fuxcuygu Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;
W
kd d kd f
dfH
a&;aumifpEihf a'ocHtm%myditzGŒJ rsm;. vk;H 0wm0efjzpfrnfjzpfa=umif;udk ta=umif;=um;
D S
kf
tyfygonf// (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f wefc;vjynfausmf (12) &uf//
hS
l
h
1999 ckESpf/ {jyDv (12) &uf//
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
163

164. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 22 (4§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifrwywifxm;onfh w&m;0if trsKd ;om;EkiiH
kd
S f kH
df
a&;udprsm;udk jynf0pGmaqmif&uyici&aom Ekiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arvY
P
h
G f kd f G hf dS
dfH
D
h S
usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[qaoma&G;aumufywif tjcm;w&m;0if
h
D kH D kd
JG k kd
JG G
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ESitwl 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydif ta&G;cHconf? tqdyga&G;aumufywif tzGŒJ csKyfu
dfH
D
hf
S
hJ
k
JG G
owfrway;vduonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm; 0ifa&muf,Oòf yif ta&G;cs,cchJ
S f
k f
$ f
kd f
f
S d
fH
&mwGif a&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGtoD;oD;u/ xdy*Kd~ v}f u;D rsm;. 0ifa&muf,Oòf yif ta&G;cs,cr_
JG
f
J
kk
S d
fH
udk w&m;0ifvufcconf? Tonfrm xdu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;onf Oya'pnf;urf;ESitnD
H hJ
S k dk f
f
hf
w&m;0ifonfy*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;jzpf=ua=umif; xif&m;onf?
hk
S
2?
xdy*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;xJwif &efuewi;f / oH;k cGòrd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . jynfoŒl v$wf
k k
G
k f kd
awmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfaom OD;vGivnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf? OD;vGionf rJqEN&if jynfovx}k u;D
kd f
f
f
S
l l
. vGwfvyfaomoabmqENt& wcJeufqENrJay;a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&+yD;/ cdkifvHkrJ (18189) ESifh
rJ&mcdiEe;f (68²11) &mcdiEe;f &&Sonf? OD;vGionf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpf
kf_
kf_ d
f
f
kd f
a=umif; oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd u Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifxnfoi;f a=unmxm;+yD;
kd f
kf
dfH
h G
jzpfonf?
3?
od‹k ygvsuf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'
dfH
D
f kH
f
JG
jyÏmef;csursm;udk qef@usium (2-4-99) &ufae@u OD;vGitm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcH
f
f
f
k
awmha=umif;ESihf oufqi&mjynfovxukd tm%mydirsm;u twif;t"rR w&m;rJ+h cr;f ajcmufI
kd f
l l k
kf
d
atmf[pfapcJonf?
h
4?
od@k aomf rw&m;qENazmfxwy. tjzpfrerm atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonf? OD;vGitm;
k f JG
S f S
k
f
raxmufcawmha=umif; rw&m; qENxwazmfyqonfukd {+yv (2) &ufae@ eHeufyi;f wGif ðyvkyEif
H
k f JG kd
D
kd
f dk
&eftwGuf pyg;'dir;ª rsm;ESihf aemufygtcsKd Œudk aus;&Gmrsm;ok@d qif;I wtdrwa,muf rvmrae&
kf
f
164

165. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
[k tm%mydkifrsm;. xHk;pHr[kwf rw&m;vkyfaqmif=uonf? twif;t"rR+cdrf;ajcmufonfh
enf;jzifac: cdi;f onf[k od&onf? &Gmol&mom;rsm;u OD;vGionf rdrw@kd u,wif vGwvyfaom
h k
G
f
d kd f kd
f
oabmqENt&/ rJay;xm;aom w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif;/ trSerm
f
kd f
fS
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyOya't&vnf;aumif;/ urBmEiitoD;oD;. a&G;aumufyJG
D kH D kd
JG
h dk f H
Oya'rsm;t&aomfvnf;auif;/ tEki&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk Ekiiawmf
df
f
kd f
f
dfH
pDrcef@ca&;tm%m ay;tyf&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ ,ckjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm; vS,rsm;ukd rnfonfh
H JG
f
kd f
f
Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;udprsm;udr# ðyvkyaqmif&uciray;bJ/ t"rR acsre;f a&;udom vkyae
dfH
_
P
k
f
G f G hf
_
k
f
a=umif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ud/k wdi;f jynfaumif;usKd ; raqmif&uorsm;[k rnf
f
kd f
f
k
G f l
onfta=umif;a=umifr# rpGypEia=umif;/ rarG;zGm;ao;aomuav;udk touf}uD;ae+yD[k ajym
h
h
f JG dk f
ovdjk zpfaea=umif;/ rnfo@kd r# obm0,kwrusa=umif;/ rw&m;a=umif; jyefvnfajymqd=k uojzif/h
dW
vma&muft=uyfuiorsm;ESihf tcstcs rausrvnfjzpf=uonf[k od&&onf?
kd f l
D
dS
5?
xdo@dk &Gmol&mom;rsm;u tvkytuditysuc+H yD; rw&m;onfqENazmfxwyo@kd
k
G
f kf
f
h
k f JG
roGm;=u&ef tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdoabmwlxm;=ua=umif;/ cdi;f apoltm%mydirsm; tuJcyfr=d u
k
k
kf
ojzifh apwem[laomaq;cef;zGipm;aomfvnf; vkyief;ratmifjrifaom òrdŒe,f }uH§zGŒH toif;
hf
f
h
twGi;f a&;rª; a'guwmjrifoe;f qdou OD;pD;OD;aqmifðyI oH;k cGòrdŒay:ESihf teD;tem;rS wpn qdk
f
h d k l
onfh ygw0ifrsm;/ }uH§zGŒH qdonftoif;0ifrsm;udk pk±;kH ac:,l&mvl (3000) cef@ a&muf&vm+yD;
D
h
k h
dS
eHeuf 5;30 em&DrS 6;30 em&Dwif tusO;f csKH ;I +yD;ajrmufatmif [efjyvkyaqmif=u&onf[k od
G
f
&S&onf? tcsKd ŒrSm rsuEmjy+yD; jyef=uI/ tcsKd ŒrSm r+yD;cif xjyef=uonf[vnf; owif;&&Sonf?
d
fS
k
d
6?
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' jyÏmef;
dfH
D
f kH
$ f
csursm;udqef@usiv#uf OD;vGitm; (2-4-99) &ufae@u raxmufcawmha=umif; tm%mydif
f
k
f
f
H
k
rsm;u cdi;f aponftwdi;f vkyaqmifcaom w&m;Oya'rJ/h rw&m;vdrnmvkyaqmifrwif ,kwf
k
h k
f
hJ
f
f
_ G
&if;=urf;wrf;pGmajymqdk+yD; yl;aygif;}uHpnfaqmif&GufcJh=uolrsm;xJwGif wpnygwD0iftcsdKŒESifh
}uH§zGŒH toif;0iftcsKd Œvnf; yg0ifa=umif; od&&onf? od@k twGua=umifh atmufwiazmfjyxm;
h
dS
f
Gf
olrsm;onf w&m;Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpe;f xm;olrsm;/ w&m;Oya'abmifukd usL;ausmaeolrsm;jzpf
G
f
a=umif; odapvduonf?
k f
(u) cdi;f apol oufqi&mtm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSorsm;?
k
kd f
kf
l
(c) obmywdqdkolrsm;/ oHk;cGòrdŒtrSwf (2) &yfuGufrS ukefoG,f/ v,f,m'dkifrª;
(t+ir;f pm;) OD;aomif;a&$ qdo/l or0g,r OD;pD;Xmerª; (t+ir;f pm;) OD;ausmrif;qdo/l
d
k
d
f
k
trSwf (1) &yfuurS rlvwef;ausmif;tkyq&m}u;D (t+ir;f pm;) OD;ausm+f ir;f qdo?
G f
f
d
d k l
rSwcsuf ? ? xdorsm;rSm wpn ygwD0ifrsm;jzpf_yD; ukeo,v,f,m 'dir; (t_idr;pm;)
f
k l
f G f
kfª
f
OD;aomif;a&$ qdorm wpnygwD0if trmcHjzpfa-umif; owif;ydŒk csut& od&onf?
k lS
f
165

166. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(*) tcrf;tem;rª; qdorsm;/ óuH}udwaus;&GmrSm a':oif;oif;EG,f qdo/l trSwf (1)
k l
f
k
&yfuurS a': jzLjzLcdif qdo?
G f
k k l
rSwcsuf ? ? ,if;wdŒk ESpO;rSm }uHŒzGŒH toif;0ifrsm; jzpf-uonf[o&onf?
f
fD
k d
(C) qENazmfxwwifjyonfqo/l óuH}udwaus;&GmrS v,form;}uD; OD;cifaqG qdo?
k f
kd
f
k l
rSwcsuf ? ? owif;ydŒk csut& OD;cifaqGqorm wpnygwDtrmcH/ v,form;trnfcH
f
f
kd l S
jzpfonf[k od&&onf?
dS
(i) qENðyvufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqorsm; trSw(1)&yfuurS
S f
f
k
kd l
f
G f
v,form;}uD; OD;armifarmif qdo/l py`g,acsmif;aus;&GmrS v,form;}uD; OD;baX;
k
f
qdo?
k l
(p) rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufconfqol oH;k cGòrd@e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
f
k
H
kd
D kH D kd
aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;vSw;kd qdo?
JG
f
k l
7?
tvm;wl ppfui;f wdi;f / 0ufvufòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS OD;xGe;f òrionf rJqEN&if
kd k
df
S
jynfovxu vGwvyfpm ‚if;wd@k . qENt&/ qENray;cJI jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf
l l k
f G
J h
f
kd f
f
a&G;cs,c&m cdivrJ (23986) &&Sc+hJ yD; &mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh (63²36) &mcdiEe;f jzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f hJ k f kH
d
kf_
kf_
f
ud,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfa=umif; w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
k f
f
8?
xdo@kd w&m;0ifa=unmxm;ygvsuf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl
k
dfH
D
f kH
v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csuygtcsursm;udcsKd ;azmufum tm%mydiqorsm;u
f
f
f
k
k f kd l
rJqEN&ijf ynfovxukd t"rR+cr;f ajcmufp±;kH apvsuf OD;xGe;f òritm; vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
S
l l k
d
k
df
H
qdonfh ±_wcsyukd (25-2-99) &ufae@wif tif=uif;yif&m tv,fwef;ausmif;Y vnf;aumif;/
k
f JG
G
G
rkq;dk òc'ie,f/ rkq;kd òcH aus;&GmYvnf;aumif;/ ayguu'ie,f ayguuaus;&GmYvnf;aumif; wòyif
H kd f
f H kd f
f H
d
eufwnf; ðyvkyapcJonf?
f h
9?
Tod@k rw&m;qENazmfxwyusi;f yEkia&;twGu/f 0ufvufòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd wdue,f
k f JG
df
k f
aus;&Gmtkyp/k aus;&Gmrsm;wGif }uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;/ q,ftrr;ª / &mtdrr;ª rsm;ESihf &&u tzGŒJ 0if
f
›
df
f
rsm;onf tdraxmifp0ifpm&if;aumuf,oa,mifvnzsm;+yD; (18) ESpjf ynf+h yD;olrsm; pm&if;
f
k
l
S hf
rsm;udaumuf,um tdraxmifO;D pD; (od@k ) rdom;pk0ifw@kd tm; OD;xGe;f òrdiukd jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k
l
f
f
f
ud,pm;vS,tjzpf raxmufcawmha=umif; twif;vufrwa&;xd;k apcdi;f =uonf? vufrwf
k f
f
H
S f
k
S
ra&;xd;k ygu v,fajrodr;f rnf/ tzrf;cH&rnf/ '%faiGtwyfc=H u&rnf[k +cr;f ajcmufonf[k =um;
d
od&onf?
10?
xdk (25-2-99) &ufae@wif rkq;kd òcH&m tv,fwef;ausmif;0if;twGi;f wGif usi;f yonfh
G
G
tpnf;ta0;wGif OD;xGe;f òritm; ±_wcsonfh OD;xGe;f òri. ±kyyum;csyf pmom;rsm;ygonfh ydpwm
df
f
df
f kH
k
rsm;udkudkifaqmif+yD; tm%mudkifwdk@uapcdkif;onfhtwdkif;ðyvkyf&onfh ,if;t"rRyGJudk ADG'D,dk
±duu;l rSwwrf;wifonf[k od&onf? tvm;wl &Sr;f rum;wdue,f ayguu'ie,fwivnf;
k f
f
d
k f
f H kd f
Gf
166

167. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
usi;f yðyvkyonf[k od&onf? tqdyg w&m;rJvy&yfukd atmufygw@kd onf yl;aygi;f }upnfconfh
f
k
h kf
H hJ
twGuf w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmuf+idpe;f aeolrsm;jzpfonf?
G
(u) apcdi;f aom oufqi&m tm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;rSorsm;?
k
kd f
kf
l
(c) rkq;kd òcHwue,frS
kd f
- obmywdrsm; qdorsm; - rkq;kd òcH&mrS OD;pHqo/l OD;ay:qdo/l trnfrod wOD;/
k l
G
kd
k
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdorsm; - rcifw;kd 0if; qdol (wHvif;aus;&Gm)/ rwifqol (,if;rm
k l
k
h kd
uefaus;&Gm) ?
- qENazmfxwwifjyonfqol - rkq;kd òcH&mrS OD;ay:qdol (pduysKd ;a&;/ t+idr;f pm;)?
k f
kd
G
k
k f
- qENðyvufrSwfa&;xdk;rSwfwrf;qdkonfudk ay;tyfonfqdkol/ rkqdk;òcHaus;&Gm
awmifol OD;jrifa0 qdo?
h
k l
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufconfqol - 0ufvufòrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pD taxG
f
k
H
kd
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ 0if òrŒd e,fvufaxmufynma&;rª; OD;jr
JG
f
ode;f qdo?
k l
(*) tif=uif;yifwue,frS
kd f
- obmywd qdorsm; tif=uif;yif aus;&GmrS OD;cspaqmif qdo/l yvdiuaus;&GmrS
k l
f
k
kf H
OD;atmif=unf qdo/l rif;&Gmaus;&GmrS OD;^m%fwifqol (obmywd vkyctjzpf
k
kd
f
pDvevcsnf wxnfpD &onf[k od&onf?)
G f kH
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdorsm; - a':wifwifE,f qdo/l a':rmrm0if; qdol (trnfa=u
k l
G
k
k
nmaomtcg a':wifwifE,f udk a':oif;oif;aqG [kvnf;aumif;/ a':rmrm0if;
G
udk a':armfarmf0if; [kvnf;aumif; trnfvrI a=unmoGm;onf[k od&onf?)
df
- qENazmfxwwifjyonfqol - tif=uif;yifaus;&Gm awmifol OD;ausm0if; qdo?
k f
kd
f
k l
- qENðyvufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqol - tif=uif;yifaus;
S f
f
k
kd
&Gm awmifol OD;ausmvif; qdo?
f
k l
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufconfqol - 0ufvufòrŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
f
k
H
kd
D kH D dk
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ 0if OD;xGe;f cif qdo?
JG
f
k l
(C) ayguuwue,frS
f H kd f
- obmywdqorsm; - OD;cifqol (anmifyif}uD;awm)/ OD;qdiqol (ayguu&m)
kd l
kd
k f kd
f HG
OD;cspoef;qdo?
f
k l
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdorsm; - a':wifwifaX; qdoEihf trnfrod trsKd ;orD;wOD;?
k l
k l S
- qENazmfxwf wifjyonfqol - ayguuaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f OD; qdo?
k
kd
f H
k l
- qENðyvufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqol - ayguuaus;&GmrS
S f
f
k
kd
f H
awmifoO;D qdiqo?
l k f kd l
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufconfqol - 0ufvufòrŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
f
k
H
kd
D kH D kd
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ 0if OD;ausmw;kd qdo?
JG
f
f
k l
167

168. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
11?
w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;xGe;f òritm; vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif;/
f
kd f
df
H
tif=uif;yifwdkufe,fYusif;yaom t"rRvkyf}uHyGJ.tjzpfrSefrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfa=umif;
owif;&&Sonf?
d
12?
Tw&m;rJvy&yfukd OD;aqmifvyuiorsm;rSm OD;wifjrifh qdol (a&$b)/ OD;armifarmif
h k f
k f kd f l
k
kd
qdol (}u§zGŒH toif; twGi;f a&;rª; - 0ufvuf) ESihf &Jpcef;rª; OD;atmifausmO;D qdol (0ufvufòrŒd
k
hH
f k
&Jpcef;) wd@k jzpfonf[k owif;=um;od&onf? xdorsm;rSm w&m;rJvy&yfukd OD;aqmifonf/h
k l
h k f
w&m;Oya' csKd ;azmuf+ipe;f aeolrsm;jzpfa=umif; odapvduonf? qENazmfxwyqonfyJG usi;f y
dG
k f
k f JG kd h
cserm rdEpf (20) cef@r#om =umonf[o&onf? vma&mufaomol OD;a&rSm vl}u;D (600) cef@Eihf
dfS S
k d
S
aqmhupm;&if; ygvmonfuav; (200) cef@ &Sonf[qonf? a&muf&vmaom vlxtaejzifh
h
d
k kd
dS
k
‚if;wd@k tm; rvdrwywfvyI ac:vma=umif; odaomtcg/ tvGeatmufwef;usonfh vky&yf[k
hf
kf
f
f
ajymqd=k u+yD;/ axmifxm;aomqdi;f bkwrsm;udk ajrjyifo@kd vcsypfjcif;/ aZmufx;kd udixm;jcif;/
k
f
JS
kf
qdi;f bkwrsm;. pmom;a&;xm;aombufukd rdrw@kd .Adursm;ESiuyfxm;jcif;/ AG',±u,ae
k
f
d
k f
hf
D D kd dk f l
onfukd avSmifajymifjcif;rsm; ðyvky=f uonf[k od&&onf?
dS
13?
onf?
tjcm;wdue,frsm;wGivnf; tvm;wlyif/ [efaqmifr#omusi;f yEdia=umif; od&&
k f
f
kf
dS
14?
xd@k twl rGejf ynfe,f/ acsmif;qHòk rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS rJqEN&if jynfovxu
S
l l k
‚if;wd@k . vGwvyfaomoabmqENt&/ wcJeufaxmufcray;I a':cifaX;ºuG,tm;/ ‚if;wd@k
f
H J
f
rJqENe,f. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;cs,wifajrmufc=hJ uonf? a':cifaX;ºu,f
f
kd f
f
f
‡
G
onf cdivrJ (18307) rJ&&S+d yD; rJ&mcdiEe;f (80²44) &mcdiEe;f &&Sum w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f kH
kf _
kf _ d
f
udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;udk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk@u EdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGifxnfhoGif;I
w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD; jzpfonf?
15?
od@k ygvsuf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'
dfH
D
f kH
f
jyÏmef;csursm;udk rsuu,ðf yqef@usi+f y;D tm%mydirsm;u/ oufqi&m rJqEN&if jynfovxukd
f
f G
kf
kd f
S
l l k
t=uyfudkif+cdrf;ajcmuf+yD; (24-2-99) &ufae@wGif w&m;0ifjynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
a':cifaX;ºuG,tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif; vlp±;kH apum/ atmf[pfapcJh
f
k
H
k
onf?
168

169. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
16?
tqdyg rw&m;aomvky&yfukd yl;aygi;f }upnfvyaqmif=uojzif/h w&m;Oya'abmifukd
k
f
H
kf
usL;ausmI/ w&m; Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpe;f tjypf&xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
f
G
dS
(u) cdi;f apol oufqi&m tm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS olrsm; ?
k
kd f
kf
(c) acsmif;qHòk rdŒrS
- obmywdqorsm; - trnfrod&ao;?
kd l
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm; - trnfrod&ao;?
k l
- qENazmfxwf wifjyonfqol - c±dwopf aus;&GmrS a':EG,E,f qdo?
k
kd
k f
f G
k l
- qENðyvufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqol - v,form;}uD;
S f
f
k
kd
OD;}uD;a&$ qdo?
k l
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufconfqol - acsmif;qHòk rdŒe,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
k
H
kd
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wifaZmf qdo?
JG
f
h
k l
(*) rk&pfuav; wdue,frS
k f
- obmywdqorsm; - trnfrod&ao;?
kd l
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm; - trnfrod&ao;?
k l
- qENazmfxwf wifjyonfqol - urmau;aus;&GmrS a':wifrm&D qdo?
k
kd
k l
- qENðy vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqol - pufjyifq&m
S f
f
k
kd
OD;atmifjrifh qdo?
k l
- rSwwrf;wifonfukd vufconfqol - acsmif;qHòk rŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
H
kd
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wifaxG; qdo?
JG
f
k l
17?
&&Sxm;onfowif;tpD&ifccsursm;t& aumrª;òrd@e,f rJqENe,f. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
d
h
H f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;baqGtm;vnf;/ {+yvtwGi;f t,Ht=unfr&Sd vH;k 0raxmufcawmh
f
kd f
D
k
H
a=umif; rw&m;qENazmfxwyJG ðyvky&ef tm%mydirsm;upDpOfae+yD[k od&onf?
k f
f
kf
dS
18?
OD;baqGonf aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f rJqEN&if jynfovx. vGwvyfaomoabmqENt&/
S
l l k
f
wcJeufqENray;I a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&aom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f
J
‡ H
f
k f
wOD;jzpfonf? OD;baqGonf cdivrJ (24615) rJ&&S+d yD; rJ&mcdiEe;f (54²85) &mcdiEe;f jzifh jynfoŒl
k f kH
kf _
kf _
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf w&m;0ifa&G;cs,c&a=umif;/ oufqi&m tm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;
f
kd f
f
fH
kd f
kf
u Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmxm;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
dfH
19?
,cktcg oufqi&maxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒe,ftm%myditzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒ
kd f
S
kf
e,f}uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;/ wpn ygw0ifrsm;yl;aygi;f vsuf OD;baqGtm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
›
D
f
kd
pm;vS,tjzpf raxmufcawmha=umif;/ t"rRvy}f uHyjJG zpfajrmuf&ef vlop±;kH Ekia&; }udw}f uHae
f
H
k
lk df
onf[k owif;&&Sonf?
d
169

170. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
20?
t"duaqmif&uaeorsm;rSm }u§zG@H toif;twGi;f a&;rª; OD;jrifóh uif qdo/l wpn OuUÏ
G f
Hh
d k
OD;tke;f aomif qdo/l wd&p>mefaq;ukq&m0ef OD;wif=unf qdorsm;ESihf òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD;tzGŒJ
k
k l
0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k od&&onf?
dS
21?
}u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmtm%myditzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ aus;&Gmrsm;wGif wtdrwuf
›H
kf
f
qif;vduvI tdraxmifppm&if;awmif;um/ vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f aeonf[k od&onf? od@k aomf
k f H
f
k
S f
k
rnfonfuptwGuf vufrwx;kd cdi;f onf[k ajAmifrajym&Jb/J [dvvkd onfvvkd vdrnmajymqd+k y;D
h dP
S f k
k kd
kd
f
vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f aeonf[k od&&onf?
S f
k
dS
22?
Trw&m;vky}f uyukd aumrª;òrŒd e,f/ tazsmufaus;&Gm abmvH;k uGi;f wGif ðyvky&ef pDpOf
H JG
f
aeonf[k owif;=um;&onf?
23?
Trw&m;vky&yfuðkd yvky&ef cdi;f apolrsm;ESihf t"duyl;aygi;f yg0if }uHpnfvyaqmifol
f
f k
kf
rsm;onf w&m;Oya'abmifuusL;ausm+f y;D / w&m;Oya'rsm;ESif +ipe;f olrsm;jzpfvmrnfjzpfa=umif;
kd
dG
odapvduonf?
k f
24?
pifppftm;jzifh wdi;f jynftm; wygwppftm%m&Sipepfq;dk atmufrS ppfreaom'Dru
k
D
f
S f
kd
a&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udk av;pm;wefz;kd xm;onfh Ekiitjzpf ajymif;vJ&mwGif trSewu,f
S
hf
dfH
f
vdtyfcsujf zpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,}f u;D rsm;udvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
k
f
kd f
k
kd
tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;udvnf;aumif;/ txl;ojzifh trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ wyfrawmf zcif
k
}u;D / vGwvyfa&;Adoum}u;D AdvcsKyfatmifqef;. orD;/ EdA,f+ir;f csr;f a&;qk&if a':atmifqef;pk
f
k
k f
k
d
S
=unf udvnf;aumif;/ Ediiawmfowif;pm/ a&'D,/kd ±kyjf rifo=H um;wGif r=um;0Hh remom/ txde;f rJ/h
k
kfH
tuGwr/hJ rnfo. aus;Zl;opPmudrsS raxmufxm;/ =urf;wrf;,kw!vaom toH;k tE_e;f rsm;jzifh
f
l
k
f hH S
urBmŒtv,fwif &Sup&mjzpfavmufatmif r[kwrw&m;aom yk*K~d va&;xd;k ESurrsm;ud/k ae@n
G
f
f
f
f_
rjywf a&;om;xkwvihf jyoaer_rsm;onf jrefrmvlrsK;d wd@k . trsK;d om;a&;odumudk vH;k 0usqif;
f G
Q
,kwavsmap,Hr#ru jrefrmEdiiom;jzpf&onfrm &Sup&mtjzpfrsK;d ok@d a&muf&ae+yDjzpfonf?
f
h
k
kfH
S
f
dS
25?
,ckwzef/ jynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,}f uD;rsm;tm; vH;k 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
H
qENxwaz:yGqo!h/f r[kwrw&m;vky}f uaom vdrnmyGrsm;udk vkyuivm=ujyefonf? rdrw@kd
k f J kd
f
H
f J
f kd f
d
jyÏmef;xm;aomOya'udyif rdrw@kd av;pm;vduem&aumif;rSe;f rodb/J w&m;Oya'udk enf;rsK;d pHjk zifh
k
d
k f
csK;d azmufusL;vGeap&ef avhusioif=um;ay;+yD; vufuiwwrsm;tjzpfarG;xm;aom obm
f
hf
kd f k f
ywdqorsm;/ tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm;/ tqdwifoi;f onfqorsm;/ axmufcaqG;aEG;onfqkd
kd l
k l
k
G
kd l
H
olrsm;/ qENðy rSwwrf;tyfonfqorsm;/ rSwwrf;vufconfqorsm;tm; rw&m; qENxwf
f
kd l
f
H
kd l
k
az:yGqonfrsm;udk vkyci;f ae=uonf? T rw&m;vky&yfrsm;wGif vGepmrS oem;p&maumif;vS
J kd
f kd
f
fG
onfrm/ aus;vufae awmifov,form; qif;&Jom; jynfovxyifjzpfonf? T rw&m; qEN
S
l
l l k
xkwaz:yGrsm;od@k rwufrae& +cr;f ajcmufI wufci;f onf? rwufv#if tcsKyxx!honf/ aiGa=u;
f J
d
kd
f J f
ay;&onf/ v,for;f rnf[k +cdr;f ajcmufonf/ tjypf&mcH&onf/ zdEyc&onf/ jynfovx}k uD;.
d
S
dS f H
l l
170

171. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
b0rSm qkyp;l pm;±l; [laom tajctaeyifjzpfonf? rnfo@kd yifqap jynfovxtaejzifh ‚if;wd@k
f
kd
l l k
. vky&yfrsm;udk rnfo@kd r# r,H=k unf/ raxmufca=umif; ESv;kH om;u ajymaeayonf? Tod@k
f
H
tm%m&Siwpku ‚if;wd@k pdwxifwi;f aqmif&u&ef jynfovxtay: tEdiusi/hf zdEy!O;f yrf;
f
f
kd
G f
l l k
kf
dS f S
&ufpufI cdi;f wdi;f &rnfqv#i/f urBmordi;f Y txifu&jzpfco!hf aus;ydiu|eyiacwfonf
k k
kd
h k
hJ
k f f kd f
vnf;aumif;/ oufO;D qHyiacwfonfvnf;aumif; ,ae@ (21) &mpkwif ay:xGe;f vmawmhr!fh
kd f
G
ynm vlŒtzGŒJ tpnf;od@k wif wd;k wufvmp&mta=umif;r&Sacs? jynfovx.opPmonf +rcionf/
kd
d
l l k
J kd f
trSew&m;onf tm;&Sonf? ESv;kH om;onf vdrnmavhr&S? tcseonf tr#wqH;k w&m;ol}u;D
f
d
f
d
df
jzpfonf?
26?
jzpfpOfrm &Si;f ygonf? jynfovxu ppftypaemufcwygwD tm%m&Sipepfukd &Gre;f I
S
l l k
kfk
H
f
Hk
“&Spav;vH;k ” 'Drua&pDawmfvea&;}u;D ay:vmonf? &[ef;&Siv/l jynfo/l ausmif;om; touf
f
kd
Sf
f
aygi;f axmifcsI paw;cJ&onf? rqvygwD ðywfom;onf? ppftypuyif Ekiitm%mudk quf
D
h
G
k f k
dfH
vufIodr;f vduonf? jynfoŒl tm%mudk rvGeqefEiI ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
k f
f dk f
D kH D kd
yGu/kd y&d,m,fwcktjzpf usi;f yay;cJonf? od@k aomf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu tjywftowf
J
h
kd
f
tEdi&+y;D / wdi;f &if;om;tm;vH;k ESitwl aoG;pnf;nD!wpmjzifh vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udk tmrcHaom/
kf
k
hf
G fG
hf
ppfreonfh 'Drua&pDEiiawmf}uD;xlaxmif&ef aocsmoGm;onf?
S f
kd
dk f H
27?
od@k aomf wdi;f jynf. tm%mudor;f ,lxm;aom vuf&tm%mydiw@kd u Oya' pnf;
k
k d
dS
kf
urf;ESitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ray;±Hr#ru/ ‚if;wd@k u,wiusi;f yðyvkyay;cJaom a&G;aumuf
hf
f
k
kd f kd f
f h
yG&v'fuyif zsuq;D &ef enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh tm;xkwvyuiae=uonf?
J
kd
f
f k f kd f
28?
,ae@tcsewif ‚if;wd@k u,wijf yÏmef;xm;aom Oya'pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;t& jynfol
d f G
kd f kd
vlx. vGwvyfaomoabmqENjzifh wcJeufqENray;I a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom jynf
k
f
J
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,}f uD;rsm;tm; raxmufcawmha=umif; qENxwazmfyqonfh t"rR
f
kd f
H
k f
JG kd
vdrnmyGrsm;udk }u§zGŒH qdonfh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; toH;k cs+y;D vkyaqmifaeonfrm rdrjd yÏmef;xm;
f J
›H
k
f
S
aomOya'udk rdrd jyefvnf csKd ;azmufaejcif;jzpfonfomru/ jynfow@kd vdcsionfh ppfreaom
l
k f
S f
'Drua&pDEiiawmf}uD; ray:ayguap&ef [ef@wm; aESmuf,uaejcif;jzpfa=umif; xif&m;vSay
kd
dk f H
f
S f
S
onf?
jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
k f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynf/h wefc;vjynfausmf (12)&uf?
l
h
1999 ckEp/f {_yDv (12)&uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
171

172. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJu wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 23 (4§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ygwpnf;urf;rsm;udcsKd ;azguonfa=umifh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ
kd
D
k
f
0iftjzpfrS xkwy,fxm;aom OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&J/ {&m0wDwi;f ) onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
f
kd
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfukd udiaqmifconfa=umifom 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
kf
hJ
h
h S
D kH D kd
a&G;aumufywif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHc&onf?
JG G
f
kd f
f
‡
hJ
2?
‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyfwif A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ Y wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&olvnf;jzpfonf? od@k
G
k
hJ
a=umifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh vlŒtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&Sdatmifaqmif&Guf&mwGif ygwDY wm0ef}uD;
ay;tyfjcif;cHc&oljzpfonf?
hJ
3?
OD;oef;xGe;f onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonftjyif A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if
f
kd f
f
h
k
wOD;jzpfvifupm; ygwucsrwxm;onfpnf;urf;rsm;udk azguzsuconf? azguzsuyrm ,if;ESihf
h
D
S f
h
f f hJ
f f kH S
taygif;ygrsm;u tzGJŒcsKyfrl0g'rsm;ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfh pmwrf;wapmifxkwfjyefcJh+yD;/
A[dtvkytr_aqmif tzGŒJ od@k omru/ tzGŒJ csKyfEiroufqiaom vly*K~d vfrsm;ESihf tjcm;Ediia&;
k
f
S hf
kd f
k
kfH
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;tjyif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ od@k yifay;yd@k conf[k owif;&&Sconf? pmapmif.
S
hJ
d hJ
&nf&,csurm tzG@J csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!wruysujf ym;ap&efjzpfonf? Tr# wm0ef}uD;rsm;udk
G f f S
G f _ kd
ay;tyfxm;onfa=umifh ,if;onf ygwpnf;urf;rsm;udk tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm; apmifxe;f vduem
D
h d k f
ap&ef vrf;!¸ejf yoay;&rnf/h erlemjyoay;&rnftpm; ,if;u ygwwi;f nD!wruyif azguzsuf
h
D G
G f _ kd
f
vmonf?
4?
od@k vifupm; 'Drua&pDusipOfrsm;t& ,if;ESihf taygi;f ygw@kd tm; tzGŒJ csKyfA[dtvkyf
h
kd
hf
k
tr_aqmiftzGŒJ u ‚if;wd@k ðypkxm;onfpmapmifEiywfoufI ta=utvnf waeukeatmif
h
S hf
f
aqG;aEG;cJonf? od@k aomf ,if;ESitaygi;f ygwOD;onf ygwwi;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk qufvufazguf
h
hf
D G
zsuvmcJonfa=umifh A[dygwpnf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&;tzGŒJ ucsrwxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;t&/
f h
k D
S f
,if;ESitaygi;f ygw@kd tm; ac:,lar;jref;aqG;aEG;cJonf? aemufq;kH Y ,if;wd@k EpO;D tm; tzGŒJ csKyfrS
hf
h
S f
xkwy,fc&onf? tqdyg taygi;f ygwOD;rSm rauG;wdi;f / awmifwi;f }uD;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f trSwf
f
hJ
k
k
G
(1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfukd udiaqmifvmcJonfa=umifom a&G;cs,jf cif;
kd
kf
h
h
cH&onfh OD;odr;f =unf jzpfonf? od@k a=umifh OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf OD;odr;f =unfw@kd onf tzGŒJ csKyEihf ywfouf
fS
jcif; vH;k 0r&Sawmhay (r&Sawmhay)?
d
d
172

173. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
5?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufy+JG y;D v#if jynfoŒl v$wf
f
JG
hSf
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnf[k twdtvif;jyÏmef;xm;aomfvnf; tm%mydirsm;u aqmif&uf
kf
G
ay;jcif;r&Sc? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvma&;rSm ta&G;cs,cxm;&onfh jynfoŒl
d hJ
f
f
fH
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay:wGif jynfovxtwGuf wm0efusvmonf? ud,pm;vS,rsm;
f
kd f
f
l l k
k f
f
onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd wufa&muf=u&ef ta&G;cHcjhJ cif;jzpfonfr[kwygavm? 0ifa&mufta&G;
f
f
cs,cuwnf;u ta&G;cs,c&olonf v$wawmfo@kd wufa&mufEi&ef&nf&,csujf zifom 0if
fH
fH
f
kd f
G f
h
a&muf,Oòf yita&G;cH=ujcif;jzpfonf? tv[ t"dyg` ,r&Sd rJqEN&ijf ynfovxukd opPmazmuf
S df
f
S
l l k
&ef aiGa=u;tuketusc/H vlyifyef;cH+yD; a&G;aumufywif ta&G;cHc=hJ ujcif;r[kway?
f
JG G
f
6?
od@k ygojzifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu jynfo@l vwawmfOya'udk umuG,apmifh
kd
$ f
f
a&Smufa&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;wd@k uO;D wnfjyD; v$wawmfac:,lrnf[k a=unmcJonf? ‚if;
kd
f
h
aemuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvm&ef tajctaer&SonftwGuf jynfovx. tusKd ;udpP
f
f
d h
l l k
rsm;udk vspv#L±_xm;Ir&onfa=umifh wwftm;or#aqmif&u&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
f
G f
f
kd f
aumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJonf? Tudp&yfrsm;udk tzGŒJ csKyfu jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Ediia&;
h
P
k kd
kfH
ygwD (4) ckEihf ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;+y;D / ygwD (5) &yfv;kH u oabmwlnr&&SI aqmif&ucjhJ cif;jzpf
S
D_ d
G f
onf?
7?
xdpOfwif tm%mudk vuf0,fuixm;onfow@kd . wH@k jyefcsurm jynfovxu
k
G
kd f
h l
f S
l l k
wcJeufqENray;I axmufcvujf y;D ‚if;wd@k tm; v$wawmfwiu,pm;ðy&efjzpfonfh trsKd ;om;'D
J
H kd
f
G f kd f
rdua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/
k
f
kd f
f
tm%mudtvGetu|o;kH I zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;vduonf? aqG;aEG;&ef[k vdrvnfa=unm+y;D
k
f
H
k f
f
zrf;qD;xm;onfrm ,ckqv#if (8) v =umjrifvm+yDjzpfonf? ta=umif;rJ/h rnfonfOya'udr#
S
kd
h
h
k
usL;vGejf cif;r&Sy/J wrifoufouf/ ud,a&mpdwyg !‡O;f yef;ESypufxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tvGetrif;
d
k f
f
df
f
rw&m;usve;f onf?
G
8?
tm%mydirsm;uxkwjf yefxm;aomOya't& v$wawmfac:,lay;&rnftpm; ud,pm;
kf
f
h
k f
vS,rsm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;jzifh Oya'rJvy&yfukd aqmif&uvujf cif;jzpfonf? wenf; tm;jzifh
f
h kf
G f kd
jynfovx.qENuypfy,fvu+f y;D rxDrjhJ rifðyvdujf cif;jzpfayonf? a&G;aumufy&v'fukd ysujf y,f
l l k
kd
kd
k
JG
&ef aqmif&ujf cif;jzpfonf?
G
9?
od@k zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;xJwif OD;oef;xGe;f vnf; trsKd ;om;
k f
f
G
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu,pm;rðyayrJh yg0ifconf? ,if;.taygi;f yg OD;odr;f =unfuawmh zrf;qD;
kd
kd kd f
hJ
kd
csKyfaESmifjcif;rðyyg? ,if;onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. &yf§aus; pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
kd
tm; tzGŒJ csKyfrxuap&ef tm%mydirsm;ESiy;l aygi;f I aqmif&uaeonf[k =um;od&onf?
S G f
kf
hf
G f
173

174. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
10?
OD;oef;xGe;f onf tzG@J csKyftay: uvJpm;acs&ef tcGita&;&&Som;awmhonf? ,if;
h
hf
d G
onf tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!wruysup;D ap&ef ,if;tm;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh ppfaxmuf
G f _ kd f
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiy;l aygi;f I }uHpnfóud;pm;tm;xkwvmonf? txl;ojzifh avwyfaxmuf
hf
f
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ trSwf (1) rS Advr;ª rsKd ;csp/f tjcm;Adv}f uD;tqif&wOD;ESihf ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGJŒ
k f
k
h dS
S
trSwf (6) rS Adv}f uD;xifausmf qdow@kd Eihf yl;aygi;f vky}f uHaeonf[k owif;=um;od&onf? ppf
k
k l S
axmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ uOD;aqmifI tjcm;tm%mydirsm;u trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd òzcypf
S
kf
kd
d JG
&ef enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifóh u;d pm;tm;xkwae=uonf? od@k a=umifh ,if;wd@k .taygi;f yg OD;oef;xGe;f tm; zrf;
f
qD;xm;jcif;qdonfrm ±kyjf yr#omjzpfaeonfrmxif&m;aeonf? txl;tcGita&;rsm; &&Saeonf?
k
S
S
S
hf
d
11?
(u) OD;oef;xGe;f onf ,if;wa,mufwnf; }uHpnfóud;pm;tm;xkwaejcif;r[kwbJ
f
f
&efuewi;f / r*Fvm'Hk òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) toD;oD;
k f kd
wd@k rS tzGŒJ csKyftvHawmfuuiaqmifIom ta&G;cHc=hJ u&onfh OD;=unf0if;ESihf
kd kd f
OD;wifxe;f armif (tu,f'rDq&&Sxm;onfh Zmwfvurif;om; a'G;. zcif) wd@k Eihf
G
k d
kd f
S
yl ; aygif ; I tzG J Œ csKyf u d k ò zd c G J & ef óud ; yrf ; aejcif ; jzpf o nf ? OD ; =unf 0 if ; ES i f h
OD;wifxe;f armifw@kd rm zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&aomfvnf; OD;oef;xGe;f uJo@kd yif
G
S
h
±kyjf yrsm;omjzpfonf? ,if;wd@k (2) OD;onfvnf; OD;oef;xGe;f uJo@kd yif ,if;wd@k tm;
h
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. txl;tcGita&;rsm;udk
S
hf
&&Sae=uonf? oGm;vdonft&yfrsm;od@k zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;.armfawmfum;jzifh
d
k h
oGm;cGi&onf? tjcm;tzrf;cHu,pm;vS,rsm;xJrS ,if;wd@k awG@qvorsm;udk
hf
kd f
f
kH kd l
awGŒqHEi&ef zrf;qD;olaxmufvr;f a&;rsm;upDpOfay;onf?
k kd f
S
(c) ,if; (3) OD;wd@k onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.rl0g'jzpfaom 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf
kd
kd
vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&S&eftwGuf tzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;tjzpf yxrOD;pGmcH,c+hJ y;D ,cktcg
hf
d
l
pGe@f y,fvuum xdr0g'udk vH;k 0OHqef@usiae=uaom ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ
kd f
kl
k
f
S
rsm;ESiy;l aygi;f I tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!wruysuap&ef vkyaqmifae=uonf[k
hf
G f _ kd f
f
owif;&onf? OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armifEihf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf ppfaxmufvr;f
G
S
S
a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiy;l aygi;f I pmwrf;wapmifðypkxm;onf[k =um;od&onf? ,if;wd@k
hf
ðypkxm;onfpmwrf;udk tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd oGm;
h
f
kd f
f
a&muf=u+y;D ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;.tm%mudk rw&m;/ twif;t"rRtoH;k
S
ðyapvsuf oabmwl&ef vufrwa&;xd;k aprnf[k =um;od&onf? vH;k 0 rvkyoifr
S f
f h
vkyxuonfupjP zpfonf?
f kd f h d
12?
(u) pmwrf;yg t"dutcsursm;rSm f
(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfu jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,l&efa=unmjcif;ESifh
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG jcif;wd@k onf rrSeuefa=umif;?
f
kd f
f
(2) od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; E_wxuaeonf? tzGŒJ csKyf.
f
kd f
f
f G f
174

175. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
òrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rsm; zsuor;f jcif;cHae&onf? tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm; E_wf
f d
xGuae=uonf?
f
(3) tzGŒJ csKyfEihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw@kd aqG;aEG;&ef
S kfH
D
udpukd tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;u awGŒqkaqG;aEG;vkpwr&Sa=umif;?
P
H
d d f d
(4) Ekiiwumqufqa&;tajctaersm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmuf,urrsm;ESihf awGΗuH
dfH
H
S f_
ae&jcif;? æ [laomtcsursm;yg&onf[k =um;od&onf?
f
dS
(c) tqdygtcsuf (4) csursm;rSm tm%mudvuf0,fuiw,xm;o!hf Ediiawmf
k
f
k
kd f G f
kfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpu vdrvnfI0g'jzef@aeonfrsm;jzpfonf?
hf
D
f
od@k aomf OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armifEihf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf rdi;f wduc&I/ vufcH
G
S
_ k fH
xm;I pmwrf;udðk ypkxm;onf jzpf&ygrnf? rdi;f wduc&I/ trSm;ukd trSe/f trSeukd
_ k fH
f
trSm;[k xifjrifaeonf? trsm;jynfovxu tm%mydirsm;onf tzGŒJ csKytay:
l l k
kf
f
tmCmw}uD;pGmjzifh twif;t"rRqufqaeonfukd aumif;pGmod&=dS uonf?
H
13?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ESiywf
f
JG
hf
oufIvnf;aumif; jyÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;qdi&mrsm;tjyif ,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
kf
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD (,cif Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) ESihf tjcm;tm%mydif
kfH
df
k
rsm;. ajymqda=unmcsursm;udk jyefvnfaz:xkw&ef vdvmayonf?
k
f
f
k
rSwcsu? ? jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yk'r (3) wGif
f f
f
JG
f
“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
v$wawmfu,f pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [k jyÏmef;xm;onf? ,ck a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yjy;D cJh
f
kd
f
onfrm (9) ESpf eD;yg;&Svm+yD/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Say?)
S
d
f
f
d
(u) tm%myditzGŒJ . owif;jyef=um;a&;tzGŒJ u owif;axmufrsm;.ar;jref;csuf
kf
jzpfaom v$wawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnf&uf owfrwxm;r_ &S§r&Sd udk “a&G;
f
h
S f
d
aumufy+JG y;D v#if ta&G;cH&rnfvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; !dEi;f aqmif&u&rnf
h $ f
kd f
f
‡ _d
G f
jzpfa=umif;” [k ajzqdconf? a&G;aumufy+JG yD;I (9) ESpe;D yg;&Svmaomfvnf;
k hJ
f
d
ud,pm;vS,rsm; ,ae@wif !dEi;f Edijf cif;r&Sao;ay?
k f
f
kd ‡ _d k
d
(c) ‚if;jyif tm%mydiw@kd . owif;jyef=um;a&;tzGŒJ u “v$wawmfac:,lrnfh tcset
kf
f
df
wdtusrajymEdia=umif;” ok@d aomf tcseqxm;vkonfh oabmxm;r&Sa=umif;
kf
d f JG
d
d
[k xyfrajymjyefonf? (9) ESpf =umjrifvmonfrm tcseqxm;jcif;r[kwygavm?
H
h
S
d f JG
f
(*) wdi;f jynftm%mudor;f ,lvuonfh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
k
k d
kd f
kfH
df
OuUÏu ,if;tzGŒJ .oabmwlnrj_ zifomajymqd&rnfw@kd ukd atmufygtwdi;f
D h
k
k
az: jyvduonf?
k f
(1) “···Ediiawmftm%mudk =um&Snpm&,lvaom qENr&Sa=umif;/ &[ef;&Sivl
kfH
fG
kd
d
f
jynfotaygi;f udk ±d;k om;av;pm;=unfjzLpGm uwdðyygw,f?···”
l
(2) “··usaemfw@kd wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw@kd &ŒJ 'Drua&
d
kd
175

176. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
pDyicit& vGwvyfr#wpGma&G;cs,wifajr‡mufzJGŒpnf;vduwhJ tpd;k &tzGŒJ t
kd f G hf
f
f
k f
pnf;udk Ediiawmf&ŒJ tm%mudvajymif;ay;+yD;wmeJ@ usaemfw@kd rlv··wm0ef
kfH
k J$
awG udom qufvufaqmif&uom;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfruwday;vdygw,f··”
k
G f G
H
k
(C) Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGòH zd;a&;aumifpD (,cif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_
kfH
kfH
f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) rsm;wGif twGi;f a&;rª; (1) . wm0efukd qufwuf tpOft
kd
qufrjywf wm0ef,vmcJonfy*K~d vfu l h hk
“···Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taeeJ@ tm%mv$ay;csif
kfH
f
J
vd@k yJ (a&G;aumufyu) vkyay;cJjh cif;jzpfw,f? tm%mudvay;zd@k qENr&Sb;l / &nf&,f
JG kd f
k J$
d
G
csur&Sb;l qd&if tJ'a&G;aumufy[m vkyay;p&mta=umif;r&Sb;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f
f d
k
D
JG
f
d
···” [k owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGwckwif ajym=um;cJonf?
J
G
h
(i) txufwiaz: jycJonfta=umif;t&mrsm;udk OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armifEihf
Gf
h h
G
S
OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf aumif;rGepmod&em;vnf=u+yD;jzpfayonf? rodusKd ;u|ef rðy
f G dS
oif=h uay?
(p) ‚if;jyif wdi;f jynfo@kd ay;cJonfuwdrsm;jzpfonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf
k
h h
f
a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;ta=umif;rsm;udk rnfour#csKd ;azgujf cif;rðybJ/ uwday;
JG
l
onforsm;uom csKd ;azgujf cif;jzpfonf?
h l
14?
176
(u) awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;ESiywfoufI wifjyoGm;rnf?
kH
hf
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
kd
kfH
f
(,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESiz@HG òzd;a&;aumifp) ESihf awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;
kfH
hf
D
kH
udpukd vGeconfh (10) ESpjf zpfonfh 1989 ckEpuyif pwifóu;d yrf;aqmif&uconf?
P
f hJ
Sf
G f hJ
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;wnfaqmuf&efEihf ,ae@ jrefrmEdiiwif jzpfay:ae
k
G f
S
kfH G
aom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;tp&Sonfh jyemrsm;udk
kfH
_
d
(2) OD; (2) buf pm;yGay:wGif awGŒqHaqG;aEG;ygrS tajz&Edirnf[k r=umc%qdovdk
J
k
kf
k
pmjzifa&;om;Ivnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsursm;xkwjf yefIvnf;aumif; apwem
h
f
oef@oef@jzifh tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ xHo@kd today;ta=umif;=um;cJonf? Tonf
kf
h
udvnf; OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armifEihf OD;=unf0if;wd@k aumif;pGmod&=dS uonf?
k
G
S
tjcm;urBmEiirsm;wGif jyemrsm;udk awGŒqHaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f ae=uonf
h kd f H
k
udvnf; Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu aumif;pGmem;vnf
k
kfH
D
od&onf? qEN&v#if enf;vrf;&Sonf?
dS
dS
d
(c) urBmEiirsm;. awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;ESiywfoufI xH;k wrf;pOfvmt& wbufEihf
h kd f H
k
hf
S
wbufawGŒqHaqG;aEG;=u&mwGif rnfornf0g ryg&§yg& qdonfw@kd ukd óuwifuef@
k
l
k
d
owfjcif;r&S=d uay? tjcm; óuwifowfrwcsursm;vnf;r&S=d uay? wbufuud,f
d
S f f
k
pm;vS,rnfr#/ usewbufuvnf; ud,pm;vS,rnfr#qonfuom ajym=uqdk
f
f
k f
f
kd
kd
=uonf? awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;ESiywfoufI trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rlrm
k
hf
kd
S
Ttwdi;f jzpfonf? tzGŒJ csKyu 1989 ckEprpI tpOfwpduf awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;udpP
k
f
SfS
k
k

177. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
udk tjrefq;kH jzpfajrmufap&ef wduwe;f cJonf? ,cktcseYvnf; awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;
k f G h
df
k
twGuf tzGŒJ csKyfu toifjh yifqifxm;onf? t+rJóudqaeonf?
kd
(*) Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifponf tzG@J csKyfEihf awGŒqHaqG;aEG;
kfH
D
S
k
&ef vH;k 0OHqENr&Sonfa=umifom cdivaomta=umif;rsm;udk az:xkwjf cif;r
k
d
h
k f kH
ðybJ/ r[kwr[wfaom ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;udjk yI vS;D v$a&Smifaejcif;omjzpfonf?
f
J
tu,fpifppf awGŒqHaqG;aEG;&efqEN&I aqG;aEG;=uygu/ ,ae@tcsetcgwif wdi;f
k
dS
df
G k
jynfYjzpfay:aeaom jyemt&yf&yfonf twdi;f twmwcktxd ajyvnfaeEdif
k
k
rnfjzpfonf? wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wruvnf; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;ESihf aqG;
k
G f _ kd
k
aEG;I twdi;f twmwcktxd wnfaqmufEiayrnf? od@k a=umifh tm%myditzGŒJ
k
kd f
kf
rsm;udk OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armif/ OD;=unf0if;wd@k u ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;
G
S
ESihf yl;aygi;f I wduwe;f &rnfomjzpfonf?
k f G
15?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rsm;udk zsuor;f jcif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ
kd
f d
0ifrsm; E_wxuapjcif;rsm;rSm vH;k 0w&m;r0ifonfupjP zpfonf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;
f G f
h d
kfH
D
f kH
Oya'wGif TuJo@kd tm%mydirsm;u aqmif&uEionf[qonfh jyÏmef;csursm; vH;k 0r&Syg?
h
kf
G f kd f
k kd
f
d
‚if;jyif tm%mydirsm;. rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJ/h ta=umif;rJjh cdr;f ajcmufI tm%mudk
kf
tvGetu|o;kH um ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;uOD;aqmifI vkyaqmifaeonfukd OD;wifxe;f
f
H
S
f
G
armif/ OD;=unf0if;wd@k / OD;oef;xGe;f tygt0if od=u+y;D jzpfonf? rdrjd yÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'udk rdru
d
azguzsuaejcif;omjzpfonf? ordi;f pOfvmraumif;yg?
f f
k
16?
(1) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;t& jynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
f
f
ay:ayguvma&;ESihf ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sor#umvywfv;kH jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
f
f
d
f
kd
pm;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfovxtusKd ;rsm;twGuf aqmif&uom;Edi&ef &yfwnf
l l k
G f G kf
oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; xyfra=unmvduonf? Tonfrsm;rSm tzGŒJ csKyu rSeuefpm
H
k f
f
f G
csrwxm;onfrrsm;jzpfonf?
S f
hl
(2) jynfovxcpm;ae&onfh pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;tp&Saom
l l kH
_
d
t=uyftwnf; trsKd ;rsKd ;rsm;tjyif/ ‚if;wk@d Eihf ,SOwI yl;wGvuygvmrnfh Ediia&;
S
f JG
J kd f
kfH
t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k .ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k f
f
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifh ajz&Si;f ay;rSomv#if t=uyft
k f
f
f
S
wnf;rsm; ajyvnfom;Edirnfjzpfayonf? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmf ay:ayguf
G kf
f
vm&rnfjzpfonf? ‚if;jyif Ediia&;jyemrsm;udk Ediia&;enf;jzifom ajz&Si;f &
kfH
kfH
h
onfcsn;f jzpfonf? vufeufjzifvnf;aumif;/ wzGŒJ wnf;uvnf;aumif;/ tm%m
h
udk tvGetu|H toH;k ðyIvnf;aumif; ajz&Si;f Edirnfr[kway?
f
kf
f
17?
Ediiwumqufqa&;tajctaersm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmif,urrsm;jzpfay:aejcif;rSm
kfH
H
S f _
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf oufqijf cif;r&Syg? Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
kd
S
kd
d kfH
177

178. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
aumifpu 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;udaz:ray;bJ ysujf y,fatmifaqmif&uaejcif;/
D
hS
JG
k
G f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd Oya't&ac:,lray;jcif;ESihf 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udk csKd ;azguf
f
kd
hf
zsuq;D aeonfa=umifomjzpfonf? 'Drua&pDEiirsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDurvdvm;onfh tm%mydif
f
h
kd
kd f H
kd
kd k
k
tzGŒJ rsm;t=um; jzpfay:aeonfh jyemomjzpfonf?
18?
OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxe;f armif ESihf OD;=unf0if; (3) OD;wd@k onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
G
kd
. pnf;vH;k nD!wrysujf ym;ap&ef ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. vufuiwwrsm;tjzpf toH;k ðy
G f_
S
kd f k f
jcif;cHae&onf? OD;wifxe;f armifEihf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfaeqJjzpfonf?
G
S
OD;oef;xGe;f rSmrl tzGŒJ csKyf0ifr[kwawmhacs? rdr.ygwukd rdruzsuypf&ef óud;pm;r_}uD;jzpfonf?
f
d
D
d
f
ao;odrI wdraumaomvky&yfrsm;jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif ,if;wd@k (3) OD;. vky&yfrsm;/ ppfaxmufvr;f
f
f
f
f
S
a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESihf tjcm;tm%myditzGŒJ toD;oD;wd@k . vky&yfrsm;onf wdi;f jynftem*wftwGuf
kf
f
k
vH;k 0raumif;/ Ediia&;ordi;f udvnf; trnf;uGu}f u;D rsm;a&;aeonfukd aumif;pGmod&rnfjzpfonf?
kfH
k k
dS
19?
od@k a=umifh ,if;vufuiwwf (3) OD;wd@k . ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f onfh
kd f k
S
vky&yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpm±_wcsvua=umif; a=unmvduonf? tm%mydirsm;onf rdrw@kd xkwf
f
G f kd f
k f
kf
d
jyefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk av;pm;vduem&rnftpm; csKd ;azguaeonf?
k f
h
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1360 jynfEp/f uqkevqef;(2)&uf//
hS
f
1999 ck/ {jyDv(16)&uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
178

179. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJu wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 24 (4§99)
atmufwiazmfjyxm;onfup&yfrsm;onf jynfovxEioufqiaeonfa-umifh jynfovl
Gf
h dP
l l k S hf
dk f
l
xkukd ud,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wf
k f
f
kd f
f
awmfuom qH;jzwfay;&rnfjzpfonf? v$wawmf ray:aygufao;onfa-umif/h jynfoŒl v$wf
k
f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu a-unm csutjzpf xkwjf yefvujf cif;jzpfonf?
kd f
f
kd
1?
c&pfouU&mZf 2010 ESpcef@wif jrefrmEkii.vlO;D a&onf oef; (60) cef@xd wd;k yGm;vm
f
G
dfH
rnfucef@re;f v#u/f tpm;tpmzlva&;twGuEihf awmifov,form;rsm;aexki&m aus;vuf
kd S
kH
fS
l
df
a'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufvmap&ef/ Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu
dfH
D
atmufygvyief;rsm;vkyaqmifrnf[k owif;pmrsm;wGia&;om;xm;onfukd zwf±&onf?
kf
f
f
_
(u) rd;k pyg;{u (14) oef;ESihf aEGpyg;{u (4) oef;pduysKd ;Eki&efEihf w{uv#if pyg;t
k f df S
xGuEe;f wif; (100) &&Sap&ef?
f _
d
(c) e,fajra'otvkuf oD;xyfpuysKd ;Eki&eftwGuf ajr{&d,mwd;k csŒJ &ef?
d
kd f d f
(*) jynfwi;f pm;oH;k qDzvap&ef?
G
l kH
(1) ESr;f w{uv#if (15) wif;xGu&ef?
f
(2) {&m0wDwi;f wGif yJtrdsK;rdsK; ydrpuysd K;&ef?
dk
k kd dk f
(3) wevFm&Dwi;f wGif qDte;f wk;d csŒJ pduysKd ;&ef?
dk
k
k f
(C) weomF&wi;f wGif a&mfbmyif wd;k csŒJ pkuysKd ;&ef?
D dk
d f
(i) om;/ ig;/ykZe/f arG;jrLa&; wk;d csŒJ vkyaqmif&ef?
G
f
2?
(u) txl;ojzifh pyg;udyrw;kd cs@J puysKd ;+yD; ydrxu&ap&efEihf txufygvyief;rsm;udk
k kd kd
kd f
k kd G f dS
S
k f
vkyuiaqmif&uEi&ef ajrvGw/f ajrvyf/ ajr±ki;f / a&eufui;f tp&Sonfrsm;ukd
f kd f
G f dk f
d
G
d
{uaxmifaomif;us,jf yef@aom v,f,muGu}f uD;rsm;tjzpf azmfxw&rnfjzpf
k f
onf? od@k azmfxw&mwGif tjcm;olrsm;. vufiwajr (qkvonfrm vkyyici&&Sd
k f
k f
d dk
S
f kd f G hf
xm;ol&+dS yD;jzpfI ‚if;u vuf&tajctaewGif pduysKd ;aeqJjzpfonfajr) rsm;udk
dS
k f
h
,ck txl;tcGita&;ay;tyfjcif;cH&onforsm;u ‚if;wk@d .vkyief;wGif ajr{u
hf
h l
f
pm&if;xnfoi;f jcif;rðy=u&ef[k tqk&onf?
h G
d dS
179

180. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(c) jynfwi;f pmoH;k qDzva&;twGuf qDxuo;D ESpuysKd ;&ef ajrvGwajr±ki;f rsm;&Sv#if
G
l kH
G f H kd f
f d
d
tm%mykitzGŒJ u vkyuiciay;rnf[vnf;qkygonf?
df
f kd f G hf
k
d
3?
(u) vkyief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&efvyief;rsm;ay;tyfjcif;cH&olrsm;rSm yk*vu
f
kf
~ d
wki;f &if;om; vkyief;&Siqorsm; jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf? ‚if;wd@k ukd tm%m
d
f
f kd l
ykirsm;u ‚if;wd@k Eihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&uvmonfh “&Jabmf&bufrsm;” [k uifye;f
df
S
G f
J
G
wwfxm;ygonf? yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;onf tm%mykirsm;xHrS atmufyg txl;
~ d
f
f
df
tcGita&;rsm; &&Sorsm;jzpfonf? ‚if;wd@k rmhf
d l
S
(1) vkyief;trsKd ;rsKd ;twGuf uefx&kursm;tjzpf vkyci&olrsm;/ txl;ojzifh
f
d f
f G hf
aqmufvya&;rsm;udk vkyuici&=uI ºuG,0csr;f omvmolrsm;?
kf
f kd f G hf
f
(2) EkiijH cm;ok@d yd@k ueoi;f ukevyief;rsm;&&Sonfa=umifh tjrwftpGe;f &=uI rsuf
df
kf G
f kf
d
arSmufacwfwif ºuG,0 csr;f omvmolrsm; jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf?
G
f
(c) yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;od@k tm%mykirsm;u vkyief;vkyuiciay;xm;onfh pm&if;
~ d
f
f
df
f
f dk f G hf
udk aemufqufwtjzpf yl;wGxm;onf?
JG
J
4?
{u(5000)ESihf txufvyief;&Sirsm;udk atmufygtcGita&;rsm;ay;rnf[k od&&onf?
kf
f
hf
dS
(u) tESp(30)vkyuiciay;rnf? (,ae@ touf 20 &Sorsm; touf 50 txd tcsef
f
f kd f G hf
d l
d
umv a&muf&om;rnf) rsKd ;qufopfw@kd . vkyyicirsm;udk ,ae@uyif xde;f csKyf
dS G
f dk f G hf
xm;vdujf cif;jzpfonf?
k
(c) tqdyg tcGita&;&&Sorsm;onf pkuysKd ;I xGu&vmonfh pyg;rS qefukd w0uf
k
hf
d l
d f
f dS
tm;jzifh jynfyok@d wify@kd cihf &&Srnfjzpf+yD;/ usew0ufrm jynfwi;f wGif a&mif;cscihf
G d
f
S
G
G
&rnf?
(*) v,f,mpkuysKd ;a&;vkyief;twGuf EkiijH cm;rS wifoi;f rnfpufu&,m/ yd;k owfaq;/
d f
f
df
G
h
dd
"mwfajr=oZm tp&Sonfrsm;wifoi;f v#if tcGetcuif;vGwci&rnf?
d
G
f
f G hf
(C) tm%mykirsm;u ‚if;wd@k . “&Jabmf&buf” rsm;jzpfonfh vkyief;&Sirsm;. vkyief;
df
J
f
f
f
cGiae&mrsm;od@k vrf;wHwm;/ a&oGi;f / a&xkwajrmif;rsm; azmufvyay;jcif;/ quf
f
f
kf
oG,a&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;zGiay;I w,fvze;f rsm;udwwfqifay;rnf? a&xkwf
f
hf
D k
k
yifrajrmif;rsm;udk tm%mykiw@kd u wm0ef,/l aiGa=u;tuketuscI yk*vu
df
f
H
~ d
vkyief;ydi&irsm;twGuf wl;azmfay;rnf?
f kf Sf
(i) “&Jabmf&buf”rsm;rS aiGacs;,lEionf?
J
dk f
5?
(u) a&eufui;f a'owGif qefpyg;pkuysKd ;a&;ESiywfoufI wifjyoGm;ygrnf? jrefrm
G
d f
hf
180

181. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
Ekiiwif Ekiia&;wnf+ir&ef/ pD;yGm;a&;zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufap&ef/ v_ra&;udprsm;wd;k wuf
dfH G dfH
df
_
P
ap&ef tp&Sonfw@dk twGuf qefpyg;onf ta&;t}u;D qH;k oD;ESjH zpfayonf? od@k tm;
d
avsmpm a&eufui;f a'owGipuysKd ;&efEihf ajr±di;f azmfxwpuysKd ;&efupukd av;
fG
G
f kd f
S
k
k f kd f
dP
av;eufeufpOfpm;&efvonf?
kd
(c) a&eufui;f a'owGif t=urf;tm;jzifh atmufygajrtrsKd ;tpm;&Sonf?
G
d
(1) a&eufyi;f rS pduysKd ;I&Ekiao;onfui;f rsm;/
dk
k f
df
h G
(2) oufu,fawm/ uki;f awm tp&Sonfw@kd ayguonfui;f rsm;/
d
d
f h G
(3) aqmufòcHrsm;/ xif;awmrsm;ayguaeonfui;f rsm;/
f
h G
(4) tif;rsm;/
(*) TajrtrsKd ;tpm;rsm;xJrS yk*vuvkyief;&Siqorsm;u pduysKd ;ajrrsm;udk atmufyg
~ d
f
f kd l
k f
twki;f taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrnf[k =um;od&onf?
d
(1) vufiwpuysKd ;ae=uaom awmifov,form;rsm; ydiqionf pduysKd ;
k f kd f
l
k f dk f
k f
ajrrsm;ud&,ljcif;?
k
(2) a'ocHjynfovxyiqionfh oufu,fawmrsm;/ tif;rsm;tm;&,ljcif;/
l l k dk f dk f
(3) ydi&irajrrsm;ud&,ljcif;?
k f S f hJ
k
(C) a&eufui;f a'oteD;&Sjd ynfovxonf tdrtrd;k rd;k &ef oufu,futoH;k ðy=u
G
l l k
f
kd
onf? xif;awmrsm;udk rD;xif;tjzpftoH;k ðy=uonf? tif;rsm;rS ig;/ ykZef tp&Sd
G
onfrsm;udzrf;I toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy=uonf/ ‚if;jyif qefpyg;pduysKd ;Ekionfh
k
k f df
tuGursm;wGif wwftm;or# óud;yrf;tm;xkwIpduysKd ;=uonf?
f
f k f
(i) a&eufui;f a'oudk qef/ pyg;pduysKd ;a&;twGuf toH;k ðyygv#if tyk'f (C) wGiazmfjy
G
k f
d
f
xm;onftcGita&;rsm; qH;k ±_;H oGm;rnf? a'ocHw@kd . pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vlra&;rsm;
h
hf
_
qH;k ±_;H epfemoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
(p) a&eufui;f a'owGiyg0ifaomajr,mrsm;udyiqi+f yD; v,f,mvkyuiorsm;t
G
f
k dk f dk
f kd f l
wGuf rdrvyuiaeaom v,f,majrrsm;qH;k ±_;H I v,f,mrJb0od@k a&muf&dS
d k f kd f
h
oGm;=urnf? oufu,f/ xif;ckworsm;ESihf tif;vkyief;vkyui=f uolrsm;onf
f l
f
f kd
tvkyvufrb0od@k a&muf&om;=urnf? Tae&mwGiwifjyvdonfrm udvetyf
f
hJ
dS G
f
k
S k kd D k
csKyfa&;pepfwif v,f,mvkyui&ef tjcm;wEkiirS v,f,mvkyom;rsm;udk ac:
G
f kd f
dfH
f
aqmifvm+yD; aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D twGuf cspw;D vlrsKd ;rsm; 0ifa&mufvmcJonf?
f
h
&moDOwkazmufjyefr/_ cspw;D rsm;. rw&m;acgi;f yHjk zwfr/_ v,f,mxGuueEihf
f
f k f S
vloHk;ukefwdk@t=um; aps;E_ef;r#wr_r&Sdjcif;wdk@a=umifh/ awmifolv,form;rsm;
v,fyi&ib0rS ajr,mrJv,fuvb0ok@d qif;oufc=hJ u&+y;D / urBmp;D yGm;a&;ysuf
dk f S f
h
l D
h
jym;jcif;wk@d a=umifh jrefrmEkiiawmifov,form;ta&;awmfy}kH u;D ay:ayguvmcJh
dfH
l
f
181

182. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
onf?
(q) a&eufui;f a'owGif qefpyg;pkuysKd ;&eftwGuf vkytm;vdtyfvmygonf? xkvkd
G
d f
f
k
d
tyfonfvytm;&&S&ef vkyom;aus;&Gmrsm;udk a'ocHawmifov,form;rsm;/
h kf
d
f
l
vufvyvufpm;jynforsm;ESihf òrŒd ay: &yfuutcsKd ŒrS tdraxmifprsm;udk tm%m
kf
l
G f
f
k
ykirsm;u twif;t"rRpaqmif;I xlaxmifay;rnf[k od&&onf? xdo@kd qv#if
df
k
dS
k
kd
vlra&;jyemrsm;ESióhf uHawGŒ&rnfrm aocsmvSonf? òrdŒaevlxrm qefpyg;
_
S
k S
pkuysKd ;jcif;ESiywfoufI vH;k 0tawGŒtóur&Sonftjyif òrŒd jywGi&&Saeonfh tcGihf
d f
hf
H d h
f d
ta&;tenf;i,fuyif &&SEi=f urnfr[kway?
kd
d dk
f
(Z) a&eufui;f a'orsm;onf rd;k wGi;f tcg&moGe;f onfr;kd a&rsm;ESihf tjcm;a&rsm;udk
G
G
h
obm0tm;jzifh a&yka&v#ukd odavSmifxm;&mjzpfonf? jrefrmjynf}uD; urBmay:
d
H
k
wGiay:xGe;f vmonfh tcsetcguyif jzpfay: cJjh cif;jzpfonf? a&eufui;f a'oudk
f
df
G
pkuysKd ;a&;uGi;f rsm;tjzpfaz:xkwygv#if obm0udk zsuq;D ypf&ma&mufonf?
d f
f
f
obm0ysuv#if ywf0ef;usitajctaersm;ysu+f yD; jyemtrsKd ;rsKd ; ay:ayguf
f
f
vmEkiayonf? pD;yGm;a&;/ v_ra&;/ tp&Sonfh jymemrsm;ay:ayguEi+f y;D ‚if;wd@k
df
_
d
f dk
ESitwl Ekiia&;jyemrsm;vkuygvmrnf? a&yda&v#rsm;onf tjcm;ae&mok@d
hf
dfH
d f
k
H
pD;qifom;+yD;v#i/f rlva'o &moDOwkysuoO;f I/ ,cifu a&r&Saomae&mY
G
f k
d
a&v$r;f rd;k jcif;jzpfrnf? oufqi&ma'orsm;Y [efcsunpm wnf+idrv#u&aom
dk f
f DG
f
f dS
a&/ ajr/ av/ &moDOwkEihf xdtajctaeudk trDo[JðyI touf&iv#u&aom
S k
S
Sf
f dS
opfyif/ 0g;yif/ wd&p>mef/ =uuf/ iSu/f a&owW0g/ uke;f owW0grsm; aoa=uysup;D jcif;
f
r&Sap&ef/ [efcsurvGwatmif xde;f odr;f &rnf?
d
f
f
6?
jrefrmEkiionf Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ v_ra&; tp&Sonfw@kd twGuf pduysKd ;a&;udtajc
dfH
dfH
_
d
k f
k
cHxm;&onf? xd@k a=umifh pduysKd ;a&;wGif txl;ojzifh qefpyg;pkuysKd ;a&;ukd t"duaqmif&uf
k f
d f
G
vm=u&onf? xd@k a=umifh wd;k csŒJ pduysKd ;&ef t+rJwap óud;yrf;vkyaqmif=u&onf? ok@d w;kd csŒJ pduf
k f
f
k
ysKd ;&ef a&eufui;f a'oyg yg0ifonf? ok@d aomf a&eufui;f a'oazmfxwa&;onf topftqef;
G
G
k f
r[kwyg? 1963 ckEpf yJc;l c±kif a&eufui;f }uD;jzpfaom tr&/ pDyif/ cifwef;}uD;ESihf urmuvpf
f
S
d
G
or0g,r&Gmrsm;wGif jrefrmhq&,vpfvrf;pOfygwvufxufu pDrue;f }uD;w&yfcsrwI azmf
kd S f
D
H d
S f
xkwc&mwGivnf;aumif;/ {&m0wDjrpf0u|e;f ay:a'owGif a&$avmif;òrdŒe,fEihf zsmyHòk rdŒe,frsm;Y
f hJ
f
S
pyg; (1)/ pyg; (2) [kpuysKd ;ajr,mopfrsm;udk urBmb%facs;aiGjzifazmfxwc&mwGivnf;aumif;/
kd f
h
h
k f hJ
f
vufawGŒwGif xkuoifonftusKd ;oufa&mufrr&Scyg?
d f h h
_ d hJ
7?
182
1988 ckEpaemufyi;f jrefrmEkiiH v,f,mu¾ESihf ywfowfI tajctaeudk qufvuf
Sf
dk
df

183. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
wifjyoGm;rnf?
(u) (1) tm%mykitzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;u awmifov,form;rsm;tm; ESppOfEpwi;f /
df
l
f S f dk
oD;pm;cspepfukd toH;k ðyaejcif;jzpfonf? awmifov,form;rsm;trsm;pkonf
l
ysr;f r#jcif;tm;jzifh (3) {urS (5) {u txdom wOD;jcif; vkyuiEi&efajr&Sonf?
f dk f dk f
d
(2) ESppOfo;D pm;cspepfonfvnf; oufqi&mtm%mykiw@kd u vuf0,f&tm%mudk
f
dk f
df
dS
tvGetu|H toH;k ðyonf? ay:xGe;f vmrnfpyg;udk w&m;r#wr_v;kH 0r&Sonfh cGwrf;
f
h
d
J
pyg; (od@k r[kw) 0efxrf;pyg;/ apwempyg;/ ppfwyf&um tp&Sonfw@kd ukd txGuEe;f
f
d Q
d
f_
aumif;onfjzpfap/ raumif;onfjzpfap (12) wif;rS (14) wif;txd twif;t"rR
&,lonf? pyg;zd;k ay;acsonfEe;f rSmvnf; tjyifayguaps; xuf0ufcef@yifrjynfay?
h_
f
h
awmifov,form;rsm;rSm ±d;k om;=u+y;D a=umuf&ŒHG =uonfa=umifh rdryiypPn;f rsm;
l
d dk f
uda&mif;csaygi;f ESI tm%mykirsm;u twif;t"rRawmif;qkonfrsm;udk tjcm;
k
H
df
d
rS aps;}uD;}uD;jzif0,f,Iay;=u&onf? rvduemv#if v,form;rsm;tm; trsKd ;
h
l
k f
rsKd ;tzHzkH pdwtm;ud,tm;jzifh ESypufnO;f yef;+yD;/ v,f,mvkyuicirðyawmh
k
f
k f
d f
‡
f dk f G hf
acs? v,f,mvkyuionfajrqH;k ±_;H I rdom;pktm;vH;k b0ysuom;&ayonf? xdo@kd
f dk f h
f G
k
awmifov,form;wOD;twGuf qGaqmifr_ vH;k 0Hr&Sjd cif;a=umifh pduysKd ;a&;vkyf
l
J
k
k f
ief;udk *±kðyvkaomfvnf; *±krðyEkionftajctaersm;jzpfay:vmum qefpyg;ESihf
d
df h
tjcm;oD;ESrsm; txGuEe;f usqif;awmhonf? t&nftaoG;usqif;qkw,wom;
H
f_
f k f G
onf? EkiijH cm;ok@d a&mif;csEionfh t&nftaoG;r&Sawmhaoma=umifh ra&mif;cs
df
dk f
d
Eki? ,cktcgwif urBmh qefuwfwavmufrsm;wGif jrefrmhqef qdonfa0g[m&
df
G
k h
aysmufu,ae+yDjzpfonf?
G f
(3) "mwfajr=oZmvnf; vHavmufpm0,f,cir&&Sjd cif;a=umif/h txGuEe;f usqif;
k
G
l G hf
f _
onf?
(4) aEGpyg;qdonfukd pduysKd ;=u&mwGif tm%mykitzGŒJ rsm;u a&oGi;f Ir&onfa'o
k
k f
df
h
rsm;Y twif;t=uyfpuysKd ;apjcif;/ yJtrsKd ;rsKd ;tm; pduysKd ;Ir&onfa'oESihf ajr
kd f
k f
h
,mrsm;wGipuysKd ;apjcif;a=umihf v,form;rsm;taeESihf vlcetm;usqif;jcif;/
f kd f
G f
u|Em; cGetm;ðyef;wD;jcif;/ aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D qH;k ±_;H jcif; tp&Sonfh tedÏm±Hrsm;ESihf
JG
f
d
k
&ifqi=f u&onf? jrefrmEdiiY vlO;D a&. 80µ jzpfonfh awmifov,form;xk
dk
kfH
l
onf txl;wvnfepfem=u&onf?
(5)aus;vufa'orsm;wGiaexkivsu&=dS uonfh jynfovxonf tm%mykitzGŒJ
f
df
f
l l k
df
toD;oD;wd@k . vkyief;rsKd ;pHtwGuf twif;t"rR tcrJvytm;ay;=u&onf? ppf
f
k
h kf
wyfpuysKd ;ajrrsm;wGi/f rdr.vkyief; pGe@f y,ftysutpD;cHI tcrJh xGe,ufpuysKd ;
kd f
d
f
f
f
kd f
vkyuiay;=u&onf? ppfwyftwGuf ajr±ki;f rsm;udk tcrJcwxi&i;f vif;ay;=u
f dk f
d
hk f GfS
183

184. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
8?
&onf? tcsKd Œae&ma'orsm;wGif awmwGi;f aomif;use;f r_ruif;&Si;f qkonfh t
d
a=umif;jycsujf zifh rdr. +cHrsm;/ v,frsm;/ vkyuursm;udpe@f y,fI tjcm;wae
d
f G f
k G
&mok@d a&GŒajymif;jcif;udc&onf?
kH
(6) twkcsKH ;Iwifjy&ygv#if aus;vufaeawmifov,form;rsm;. v,f&b0rSm w
d
l
dS
csuvwf aus;&GmtkycsKya&;usipOfEihf rSm;,Gi;f aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;
f $
f f
hf S
f
f
a=umihf &ufpuf=urf;óuwfaom tajctaeqd;k }u;D jzifh awGŒae=u&onf? v,f,m
pkuysKd ;r_vyief;&yf}uD;wckv;Hk onf tajccHrpI z±kz&J òyduusq;kH vsuaeonf?
d f
kf
S
d
JG
f
(u) txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhta=umif;rsm;a=umifh pyg;oD;ESHtxGufE_ef;usqif;+yD;
t&nftaoG; nHzsi;f aeonf? txGuEe;f udwufap&ef awmifov,form;rsm;.
h
f_ k
l
b0udjk riwifay;&efvtyfonf? yk*vuvkyief;yki&irsm;enf;wl tm%mykirsm;
‡ hf
kd
~ d
f dfSf
df
u a'ocHawmifov,form;rsm;tm; vktyfonftcGita&;rsm;ay;&ef vktyf
l
d
h hf
d
onf// txl;ojzifh wESpwcg oD;pm;pepfuzsuor;f ypf&rnf? twif;t"rRvyf
f
kd f d
k
tm;ay;pepfukd zsuor;f ypf&rnf? "mwfajr=oZmtvHtavmuf a&mif;csciðhf y
f d
k
G
&rnf? awmifov,form;rsm;tm; odyenf;us pkuysKd ;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;udk vrf;
l
H`
d f
!¸ejf yo&rnf? t&nftaoG;rD rsKd ;aumif;/ rsKd ;oef@/ rsKd ;aphrsm;azmfxway;&rnf?
k f
(c) jrefrmEkiiwif oD;ESpuysKd ;a&;{u (31) oef;cef@&onf[k cef@re;f onf? xdrS awmif
dfH G
H kd f
dS
S
k
olv,form;rsm; pyg;pduysKd ;ajr{urSm (16) oef;cef@&onf? ,if;pkuysKd ;a&;{u
k f
dS
d f
rsm;wGif t&nftaoG;rD&efEihf txGuEe;f ydraumif;rGevmap&ef yxrqk;H OD;pm;
S
f _ k kd
f
ay;taejzifh aqmif&u=f u&rnf? awmifov,form;rsm;udk aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;rl
G
l
f
ESitnD vGwvyfpmodavSmifci/hf }udwcci/hf a&mif;csEiciay;&rnf? a&mif;csEif
hf
f
G k
G
f JG G
dk f G hf
dk
cGiqonfrm jynfyESihf jynfwi;f ESp&yfpvH;k twGujf zpfonf? vdtyfonfh t&if;
hf kd
S
G
f
k
tES;D twGuf oifavsmaomtwk;d E_e;f jzifh acs;aiGay;&rnf? vGwvyfpmpduysKd ;cGihf
h
f
f
G k f
ay;&rnf? qdvonfrm qGaqmifray;&rnf? vl@obm0t& qGaqmifrvtyf
k dk
S J
_
J
_ kd
onf? twif;t"rR enf;vrf;rsm;udk vk;H 0rvkvm;tyfay// od@k a=umifh txufwif
d
G
wifjycJonftwdi;f (31) oef;aom ajr{uESihf (16) oef;aom pyg;pduajr{ursm;
h h k
k f
twGuf yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;uday;xm;onfh tcGita&;rsm;udk vuf&vyuif
~ d
f
f
k
hf
dS k f kd
aeaom awmifov,form;rsm;tm;ay;&rnf?
l
9//
vuf&puysKd ;a&;{u (31) oef;twGuf tm%mydirsm;u awmifov,form;rsm;tm;
dS kd f
kf
l
aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;pepf. tajccHusipOfjzpf&yfwckjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;rufv;Hk vk;H 0ray;bJ/ rnf
f
hf
onhyy;kd r_rsm;udr#vyaqmifray;bJ/ ‚if;wk@d vufa&G;pifa&G;cs,xm;onfh yk*vuvkyief;ydi&if
f hH
k kf
f
~ d
f kfS
rsm;udom tcGita&;trsKd ;rsKd ;ay;xm;onfukd awG@&onf// tqkygvyief;ydi&irsm;tm; tp
k
hf
d k f kf Sf
yxrY vd#KŒ0Suvufoyx;dk I pkuysKd ;&efajr{utajrmuftrsm;uday;tyfconf[k od&onf?
f
d f
d f
k
hJ
184

185. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
TuJo@kd aom wdi;f jynfwjynfv;Hk ESioufqionfh pkuysKd ;a&;vkyief;udk trsm;od&ef yGiyivif;
h
k
hf
dk f
d f
f
hf G hf
vif;a=unm+yD;/ rdrd rnfr#pr;f aqmifEionfh "etiftm;/ wu,fvufawG@ vkyaqmifEionfh
G
dk f
f
dk f
tiftm;/ u|r;f usir_ &S§r&Sd wk@d tay: rSjD irf;I/ pduysKd ;ajr{ursm;udk csxm;ay;oifonf// EkiiH
f d
k f
h
df
awmf. t"dutusq;Hk obm0t&if;tjrpfjzpfaomajr}uD;ukd xdxa&mufa&muf tusKd ;trsm;
d
qk;H jzpfxe;f &eftwGuf tok;H csa&;udpukd t&nftcsi;f jynfraom uGsr;f usiorsm;/ oufqi&ma'
G
P
hD
f l
kd f
oudk ud,pm;ðyolrsm;wk@d Eihf tm%mydiw@dk onf ta=utvnf !dEi;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&uom;&
k f
S
kf
S d_
G f G
ygrnf?
10//
txuftyd'f (2) wGif yk*vuvkyief;ydi&irsm;onf tjcm;vuf&yi&irsm;. ajrrsm;
k
~ d
f kfSf
dS kd f S f
udk enf;wrsKd ;rsKd ;jzif&,lI ‚if;wk‹d .vkyief;cGiajr{upm&if;wGif xnfoi;f jcif;rðy&[k azmfjycJonf?
h
f
f
h G
h
od@k aomfvnf; ‚if;xufq;dk 0g;onfh om"uwckudk azmfjyoGm;rnf// ta=umif;t&mrSm ajrvGw/f
ajr±di;f rsm;ESihf a&eufui;f azmfxwjf cif;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif awmifov,form;
k
G
k
l
rsm; vuf&vyuiaeaom a&eufui;f rsm;ESifh tif;/ tkirsm;udor;f ,lI yk*vuvkyief;ydi&if
dS k f kd f
G
df
k d
~ d
f kf S
wk@d ukd ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf?
11//
(u) yJc;l wki;f / rif;vSòrdŒe,f taemfbufjcrf;&Sd aus;&Gm (17) &GmrS bd;k bGm;bDbifrom;pk
d
d
tqufqufrvyuivm=uonfh awmifov,form;rsm;. v,f,majrrsm;ESihf tif;tdivyf
S k f kd f
l
kf k
ief;rsm;jzpfonfh {u (20000) cef@uor;f ,l+y;D / yk*vuvkyief;ydi&iwOD;jzpfaom ode;f a&$ ukr%D
kd d
~ d
f kfSf
R
od@k ay;tyfvua=umif; od&&onf// od@k a=umifh vuf&vyuipm;aomufae=uonfh jynfovl
dk f
dS
dS k f kd f
l
xkonf rdryiv,f,majrrsm;ESihf tif;/ tdirsm; qk;H ±_;H =u+y;D tvkyvufrb0od@k a&muf&om;=u
d kd f
kf
f
hJ
dS G
onf? tcsKd ŒrSm v,fuvb0od@k a&muf=u&onf// tqkyga'orsm;wGif toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy
l D
d
p&m tjcm;vkyief;[lI vk;H 0r&Sacs?
f
d
(c) tqkyg tif;/ tkirsm;udk vkyief;ydi&iu qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmeESi!Ei;f I a&pD;ajrmif;
d
df
f kfSf
hf Sd d_
rsm;azmfxway;jcif;/ ydwq@dk jcif;vkyief;rsm;udvyuiaeonf[k od&ygonf// xkvyief;rsm;
k f
f
f
k k f kd f
d k f
a=umifh rd;k &moDwif a&repfonfa'orsm;onf a&epfom;Ekionf[k a'ocHjynfovxu pd;k &drf
G
h
G fd f
l l k
ae=uonf?
12?
yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;tm; vkyief;rsm;twGuf vktyfonfaiGa=u;udk b%frsm;rS acs;
~ d
f
f
f
d
h
,lEionf[k od&&onf// od@k aqmif&uvmaomtcgwi/f pnf;pepfusI rSeuefaom b%fx;Hk
dk f
dS
G f
G
f
wrf;pOfvmrsm;.abmifuausmveI tjcm;oD;jcm;udp&yfrsm;wGif txl;tcGita&;rsm;udk
kd
f G f
P
hf
ay;ouJo@kd txl;tcGita&;ay;ygv#if jrefrmhb%fvyief;ESihf aiGa=u;pepfysurnfukd pd;k &dr&
h
hf
k f
f
f
a=umif; od&&onf?
dS
13?
“··· {u axmifaomif;&Saom yk*vu acwfrv,f,mvkyuu}f uD;rsm; ay:ayguf
d
~ d
D
f G
vmrSom v,f,mu¾ odoomom zGŒH òz;d wk;d wufvmrSmjzpfouJo@kd awmifov,form;rsm;
d
h
l
aexki&m aus;vufa'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufvmrSmjzpfa=umif; ···” [k tm%mydirsm;u
df
kf
185

186. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ajymqkcygonf// ,if;ajymqdcsuonf roJruGJ ajr,mazmfxwa&;ESihf pkuysKd ;a&;pepfw@dk ukd a&m
d hJ
k f
k f
d f
axG;Iajymaejcif;jzpfa=umif; xif&m;apygonf?
S
14?
(u) aus;vufa'orsm;zGŒH òz;d ap&efrm vuf&vyuiae=uaom awmifoO;D =u;D wk@d tm;
S
dS k f fkd f
l
v,f,mpkuysKd ;&ef/ ajr{uwk;d cs@J &efyy;kd r_rsm;/ Oyrm/ "mwfajr=oZmrsm;/ vktyfonfpuysKd ;a&;
d f
hH
d
h dk f
p&dwrsm;/ a&vGr;f rd;k jcif;r&Sap&ef tp&Sonfw@kd twGuf tultnDay;oifygonf// txl;wvnf
f
d
d
h
vdtyfonftcsurm rsKd ;aumif;rdsK;oef@pyg;rdsK;aphrsm;&&S&efvnf;aumif;/ pduysKd ;a&;ynm wk;d
k
h
f S
d
k f
wuf&efvnf;aumif;jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif awmifov,form;rsm;tm; aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;pepft&
l
f
wdwususaqmif&uay;&ef xGuueypPn;f rsm;udk jynfyod@k a&mif;csciðhf y&efEihf v,f,mvkyuif
d
G f
f kf
G
S
f kd
ap&ef qGaqmifrtjynft0ay;&ef vktyfonf?
J
_
h
d
(c) tcsKd Œaom rzGŒH òz;d ao;aom Ekiirsm;Y ,ckacwftcgwif aus;vufwnfaqmufjcif;
dfH
G
vkyief;rsm;udk wki;f jynftycsKyforsm;ESifh tjynfjynfqi&mvkyief;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u atmifjrif
f
d
kf
l
dk f
f
pGmaqmif&uvsu&onf? ajr/ tk;d / tdr/f a&/ tpm;tpm/ xGe,ufypPn;f rsm;/ tjcm;vktyfcsuf
G f
f dS
f
d
rsm;jzpfonfh pmoifausmif;rsm;/ vrf;/ a&oG,ajrmif;rsm;udk ay;urf;aqmufvyay;I awmifol
f
kf
v,form;rsm;udk qGaqmifray;um rsKd ;aumif;rsKd ;oef@pyg;xGuay:vm+y;D pD;yGm;a&;vnf; wk;d wuf
J
_
f
vmapygonf?
15?
(u) rnfouyifpupu/f "mwfajr=oZm vkavmufpmr&&Sv#ivnf;aumif;/ rsKd ;aumif;
l
dk f dk
H
G
d f
rsKd ;oef@rxGuay:v#ivnf;aumif;/ qefnpyg;nHrsm;udk jynfyod@k a&mif;csI&Edirnfr[kway?
f
f
hH
h
kf
f
jynfyaps;uGuqonfrm tjcm;Ekiirsm;ESi,Oòf ydiIa&mif;cs&onf/? tjcm;Ekiirsm;. xGuEe;f
f dk
S
dfH
hf S f
dfH
f_
t&nftaoG;rDI qef}udwc&mYvnf; tjcm;Ekiirsm;enf;wl pHcseromv#if jynfyaps;uGuf
f JG
dfH
d f D
&Srnf?
d
(c) yk*vuvkyief;ydi&irsm;tm; ‚if;wd@k ajr,mrSxuay:vmrnfqefpyg; (50) &mcdif
~ d
f kfSf
G f
h
k
E_e;f udk jynfyod@k yd@k Ei+f yD; usef (50) &mcdiEe;f udk jynfwi;f wGif a&mif;csciðhf yrnf[o&onf// od@k
dk
kf _
G
G
k d
qkdygv#if aiGyifaiG&if; jr‡KyfESHEdkifonfhvkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;u tjcm;awmifolv,form;rsm;xHrS
qefpyg;udk 0,f,rnftajctaeray:aygu[k rajymqkEiyg? Ttajctae&Svmv#if qefpyg;
l h
f
d dk f
d
udk aps;uGuayguaps;ESi0,f,&ef ta&;}u;D vSygonf? rw&m;0,f,jl cif;rsm; ay:ayguvmrnfukd
f
f
hf
l
f
[ef@wm;/ wm;qD;&ef vktyfonf?
d
(*) ta&;}u;D onftcsuwcsurm tm%mydirsm;u yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;udk pyg;oD;ESH
h
f
fS
kf
~ d
f
f
pduysKd ;a&;twGuf ajruGursm;ay;tyfjcif;onf pdwu;l ,Ofprue;f rjzpf&efvonf?
k f
f
f
DH d
dk
16?
owif;=um;od&onfrm anmifwe;f òrdŒe,f/ 'g;u aus;&Gma'owGif a&eufui;f a'o
S
k
G
vkyuici&xm;onfh yk*vuvkyief;ydi&iwOD;u tcsKd Œawmifov,form;wk@d tm; {u (120)
f kd f G hf
~ d
f kfSf
l
186

187. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
cef@txdcsxm;ay;onf[k od&onf// ‚if;wk@d onf oufqi&mvkyief;&Sif vkyci&onfxuf v,f
dk f
f
f G hf
ajrudk oD;pm;vkyay;&onf[qygonf// vktyfaom pufu&,mrsm;/ pufo;Hk qD/ "mwfajr=oZm
f
k dk
d
dd
tp&Sonfw@kd ukd vkyief;ydi&ixr0,f,&rnf// vktyfonfaiGa=u;twGurl vkyief;ydi&ixrS
d
f kf Sf H S
l
d
h
f
f kf Sf H
acs;,lEionf[qygonf// pyg;xGuay:vmv#if w{utwGuf tm%mydirsm;od@k wm0efaus
kd f
k dk
f
kf
(10) wif; ay;&rnfjzpfonf// usepyg;udk oufqi&mvkyief;&Sio@kd jyifyayguaps;xuf 10000d§f
kd f
f
f
f
(usywaomif;) avsmI a&mif;cs&rnf[k owif;&onf? trSerm rvktyfonfacgi;f ykjH zwfpepf
f
h
fS
d
h
jzpfonf?
17?
rnfo@kd yifjzpfap Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp.vky&yfonf a'ocH
dfH
D
f
jynfovxukd vlra&;/ pD;yGm;a&; tcGitvrf;rsm;qk;H ±_;H aponf// awmifov,form;rsm; v,f
l l k
_
hf
l
,mrJb0od@k a&muf&om;aponf? tif;rsm;/ oufu,fawm tp&Sonfrsm; qk;H ±_;H oGm;I/ tvkyf
h
dS G
d
vufrb0od@k a&mufaponf/ qif;&Jow@dk ydrqif;&JEionftjyif vlvwfwef;pm; aysmufu,om;
hJ
l k kd
dk f h
G f G
Eki+f yD;/ qif;&JoEifh csr;f omol ESprsKd ;ESppm;om &SaeEkionf? obm0ywf0ef;usif [efcsunpm
d
l S
f
f
d df
f D G
xde;f odr;f jcif;vkyief;udk urBmESit0Sr;f aqmif&uae&mwGif jrefrmEkiiryg0ifvsu&onf// od@k aomf
f
fh
G f
dfHS
f dS
,ckvyaeaom vkyief;&yfrsm;a=umifh obm0ywf0ef;usif [efcsuysu&ef ta=umif;&Sonf?
k f
f
f f
d
18?
(u) qefpyg;onf pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;wnf+ir&efEihf xkrwqifh Ekiia&;wnf+ir&eftwGuf
_
df S dS
dfH
df
ta&;ygvonf?
S
(c) ‚if;jyif xkvyief;&yfrsm;onf jynfovx}k u;D twGi;f t}u;D rm;qk;H tiftm;jzpfonfh
d kf
l l
awmifov,form;rsm;ESihf vk;H 0oufqiaejcif;jzpfonf// TuJo@kd aom wki;f jynfwjynfv;Hk ESihf
l
dk f
h
fd
oufqionfvy&yfrsm;udk jynfovxu ‚if;wk@d u,pm; wki;f jynftusKd ;ðyudprsm;udk aqmif&uf
kd f h k f
l l k
dk f
d
P
G
&ef 'Drua&pDusipOft& vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkuonfh ud,pm;
kd
hf
f
d f
k f
vS,rsm;uom aqmif&u&rnfupjP zpfonf// ‚if;ud,pm;vS,rsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif
f
G f
h d
k f
f
f
G
ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;=uI v,f,mu¾rlukd csrway;&rnfjzpfonf?
S f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wefc;vqef; (9) &uf?
S
l
1999 ckEp/f {jyDv (23) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,Ijzef‹csonf?)
dk
l
d
187

188. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 25 (4§99)
rSwcsuf ? ? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. 16 /4 / 99 &ufpyg a-unmcsutrSwf
f
f
kd f
JG
f
23 (4 =99) ESihf qufvufI &nf!e;zwf±yg&ef?
$f
+
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (A[d) od@k pmwapmifay;yd@k &mwGif ay;yd@k otjzpf OD;wifxe;f
kd
k
l
G
armiftrnfukd a&;om;xm;onfpmudk 23-4-99 &ufae@wif tzGŒJ csKyuvufc&&Sconf? pmwGif
h
G
f
H d hJ
{+yDv (18) &ufae@pwyfxm;onfuawGŒ&ygonf// pmygta=umif;t&mrsm;rSm trsKd ;om;'Dru
JG
kd
kd
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;tm;vk;H óuHawGŒae&aom Ediia&;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f
S dfH
D
kfH
ay;Eki&ef t}uHðyjcif;jzpfonf[qxm;ygonf?
df
k dk
2//
Tpmudk tzGŒJ csKyfur&rDuyif 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef &nf&,csuf
kd
hf
d
G f
jzifh tzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;jzpfvmcJ=h uonfh OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&J)/ OD;wifxe;f armif (r*Fvm'k)/ OD;=unf0if;
G
H
(r*Fvm'k) wk@d onf 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm; rnfonftcsetcgwir# ay:ayguvmap
H
kd
hf
h df
Gf
f
&ef vk;H 0qENr&Sd rvkvm;onfh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ ESiy;l aygi;f +yD; tzGŒJ csKyf.rlrsm;ESihf pnf;vk;H
d
S
hf
nD!wruysujf ym;ap&ef rrSeruefvyuiaqmif&uaer_rsm;udk jyif;xefpm±_wcsvua=umif;jzifh
G f _ kd
f
k f kd f
G f
G f kd f
a=unmcsuxwjf yefxm;+yD;jzpfonf?
f k
3?
‚if;pmESiy;l wGI “18-4-99 &ufae@pyg trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf vuf&ódS uawGŒae&
hf J
JG
kd
H
aom Ekiia&;t=uyftwnf;ESiywfoufI t}uðH yjcif;pmwrf;tm; axmufctwnfðyolrsm;pm
dfH
hf
H
&if;” [laomacgi;f pOfjzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd Œ vufrwa&;xk;d xm;aom pm&Guf
f
kd f
f
S f
(3) &Guyg&onf? xkacgi;f pOfukd vufEypufjzif±uxm;aomfvnf;/ &ufpurl vufjzifh a&;om;jznfh
f dS
d
Sd f
h kd f
JG kd
pGuxm;onfukd awGŒ&onf?
f
4?
xktcsKd Œaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. vufrw&,l&eftwGuf OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wif
d
f
kd f
f
S f
xGe;f armif/ OD;=unf0if; wk@d u OD;aqmifum ðyvky=f ujcif;jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf/ v$wawmfu,f
f
kd
pm;vS,tm;vk;H eD;yg;rSm txde;f odr;f / tzrf;cH/ tcsKyftaESmifcxm;=u&+yD;/ rnfonfae&mudr#
f
H
h
k
188

189. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vGwvwvyfvyf oGm;vmEkicir&Sygbvsuf xkol (3) OD;wGif pdwóf uuf oGm;a&mufaqmif&uEif
f G f
d f G hf d J
d
d
G f kd
onfrm oufqi&mppfaxmufvr;f a&;.tultnDjzifh apvGwjf cif;jzpfa=umif; xif&m;vSonf?
S
dk f
S
S
5//
ydrxif&m;onfrm OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf OD;=unf0if;wk@d onf jynfòrdŒ/ jrefatmifòrdŒ/ ykor/f
k kd
S
S
d
ajrmif;jr tp&Sonfòh rŒd rsm;od@k ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tpDtpOfjzifh tcsKd Œud,pm;vS,rsm;. vufrwf
d
S
k f
f
S
ud&,l&ef oGm;a&mufca=umif; od&&onf? jrefatmif&dS tzGŒJ csKyfu,pm;vS,rsm;xHom;&mY/
k
hJ
dS
kd f
f
G
,if;ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; vkòH cHa&;wm0ef,xm;olrsm;u awGŒcGir&Sa=umif; OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf
k f
f
l
hf d
OD;=unf0if;udajymonftcg ‚if;wk@d (2) OD;u awGŒqkciay;xm;aompm&Guukd xkwjf y+y;D awGŒcGi&
k
h
H G hf
f
hf
onfuaxmuf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh ‚if;wk@d onf ppfaxmufvr;f a&;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&ua=umif; xif&m;
kd
S
G f
S
onf?
6?
tzGŒJ csKyu vufvr;f rDoavmufaom ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk awGŒqk+H y;D / ,if;wk@d uwifjy
f
S
k f
f
xm;aom pmygtcsutrsm;onf rlvaqG;aEG;pOftcgu yg0ifjcif; &S§r&Sukd ar;jref;aqG;aEG;=unfh
f
d d
&mwGif rlvwifjyxm;onftcsursm;ESihf pmwGiyg0ifonftcsursm;rSm uGvrrsm;&Saeonfukd
h
f
f
h
f
J JG l d
ajym=um;onf// xkd@jyif rlvpmom;wGifryg0ifonfhtcsufrsm;udkvnf; xyfrHjznfhpGuf+yD;
a&;om;xm;onf[k =um;od&onf? Tudponf trSm;ðy&ma&mufygonf? w&m;Oya't& vdrf
P
vnfvaom}u&,csuuovsuf ðyvkyjf cif;ESihf vdrvnfjcif;jzpfI w&m;Oya'vrf;a=umif;t&
dk
H G f f kd d
f
ta&;,loifovkd tzGŒJ csKyfuta&;,l&efjzpfonf?
h
7?
TpmESiywfoufonfaqmif&ujf cif;rsm;onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKy.rljzpfonfh
hf
h
G
kd
f
jynfow@dk . wcJeufqENðyxm;onfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh vGwawmfac:,l
l
$ f
kd f
f
f
ay;a&;udk t[ef@twm;ðyvky&mvnf;a&mufonf? a&G;aumufywif yg0ifta&G;cHcaom ud,pm;
f
JG G
hJ
k f
vS,avmif;tm;vk;H onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifh Ekii.wm0efrsm;udxrf;aqmif&ef oabmwl
f
f
S
dfH
k
nDc&ma&mufonf? xk@d a=umifh jynfow@kd .qENrjJ zifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&aomud,pm;
hJ
l
‡ H
k f
vS,jf zpfvsuEihf TpmESiywfoufaomðyrlcsursm;wGiyg0ifcjhJ cif;onf rJqEN&if jynfow@kd ay:
f S
hf
f
f
S
l
opPmazmuf&ma&mufonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f uqkevqef; (14) &uf//
S
f
1999 ckEp/f {jyDv (28) &uf//
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
189

190. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 26 (5 § 99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifrwywifxm;onfh w&m;0if trsKd ;om;EkiiH
kd
S f Hk
df
a&;udprsm;udk jynh0pGmaqmif&uyici&aom Ekiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEpf arvY
P
f
G f kd f G hf dS
dfH
D
h S
usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif tjcm;w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwrsm;ESihf
h
D Hk D kd
JG G
dk f H
D
twl tzGŒJ csKyfuvnf; yg0if,Oòf ydita&G;cHconf? ,if;a&G;aumufywif atmufygy*Kd~ vf}uD;
S f
hJ
JG G
k
rsm;tm; tzGŒJ csKy.jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tjzpf tzGŒJ csKyu yg0ifta&G;cs,cH
f
f
kd f
f
f
f
apcJonf? oufqi&mrJqENe,fajrrsm;rS rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu tzGŒJ csKyf. Tud,pm;vS,f
h
dk f
S
l l k
k f
avmif;rsm;tm; ‚if;wk@d . vGwvyfaomoabmqENt& wcJeuf qENray;I jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
J
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,c=hJ uonf? Tyk*K~ v}f u;D rsm;onf oufqi&mrJqENe,fajrtoD;
k f
f
f
d
dk f
oD;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf ta&G;cs,c&a=umif; tm%mydiw@dk u Ekiiawmf
f
kd f
f
fH
kf
dfH
jyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
2?
od@k jzpfygvsuf tm%mydirsm;u urBmEiitoD;oD;. a&G;aumufyqi&m Oya'/ vkyx;Hk
kf
h dk f H
JG dk f
f
vkyenf; tpOftvmrsm;udrsuu,ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkiiH Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;
f
k f G
df kfH
D
f Hk
Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csursm;udqef@usiIvnf;aumif;/ w&m;
$ f
f
k
f
Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf jynforsm;u Oya'udvuemaom tavhtusiysd K;axmifay;jcif; tp&Sonfh
l
k kd f
hf
d
tajccHw&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk rsuu,ðf yqef@usivsuvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufywitEki&&Sd
f G
f
f
JG G f d f
xm;aom w&m;0ifjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmh
$ f
kd f
f
H
H
a=umif;qkonfh Oya'rJh tESpom&r&Sonfvy&yfrsm;udk oufqi&mjynfovxtm; twif;
d
f
d h k f
dk f
l l k
t"rR w&m;rJh +cdr;f ajcmuf+yD; atmf[pfvyuiapcJonf?
k f kd f h
3?
,if;vky&yfrsm;onf jrefrmEkii. w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[lonf tESpom&uif;rJae
f
dfH
f
h
a=umif; az: jyaejcif;jzpfonfjh yif/ tm%mydirsm;u tm%muktvGetu|o;Hk +y;D rdrw@dk u,wif
kf
d
f
H
d kd f dk
Oya'csKd ;azgu±r#ru jynfovxukd Oya'csKd ;azguenf; oif=um;ay;aejcif;jzpfonf? jynfol
f Hk
l l k
f
trsm; tusipm&dwysujf ym;um r[kwrrSerw&m; vkyaqmifvmatmif oif=um;ay;aejcif;
hf
W
f f
f
jzpfonf? trSepifppftm;jzifh Tvky&yfrsm;onf vk;H 0w&m;r0ifjcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya't&
f
f
vk;H 0xd&mufrr&Sonfjh yif vufawGŒaqmif&uEirr&Sa=umif;/ jynfovxtrsm;pku od&em;
_ d
G f kd f _ d
l l k
dS
190

191. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vnf+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;vky&yfrsm;onf w&m;Oya'abmifuausmveaeonfOya'udk ausmf
f
kd
f G f
h
eif;onfh jypfrajrmufaomvky&yfrsm;omjzpfonf?
_
f
4?
Todk@ vlpkvla0;jzifhpk±kH;I a[majymjcif;/ [pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;ðyvkyfEkdifjcif;rSm
txuftm%myditqifqifh oabmwlciðhf ycsua=umifom ðyvkyEijf cif;jzpfonf? tb,f
kf
h
G
f
h
f dk
a=umifqaomf ,cif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ vufxufuxkwjf yefcaom
h dk
kfH
f
hJ
(18-9-88) &ufpyg trde@f trSwf -2§88 onf ,ae@wif zsuor;f jcif;r&Sao;ay? ,if;trde@f .
JG
dk
f d
d
tyd'f (1)/ tyd'cJG (c) wGif vl (5) a,mufEivl (5) a,muftxuf ydIpka0;+yD; a[majymjcif;/
k
k f
S hf
k
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;rðy&[kyg&onf? xk@d a=umifh ,ckðyvkyaeaom tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
dS
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlpva0;jzifh a[majym/
f
kd f
f
H
d
k l
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfaejcif;rsm;onf wnfqtrde@f tm%mudk zDqefI ðyvkyaejcif;jzpfonf? T
J
f
vky&yfrsm;udk tm%mydiw@dk uvufcaejcif;onf tjcm; rdrw@kd .=oZmcHvufyg;ap rnforqkd
f
kf
H
d
l
tvm;wlðyvkyci&onf[k t"dyg` ,oufa&mufonf?
f G hf dS
f
5?
,cktcgwif wnfqOya'/ pnf;rsO;f / pnf;urf;rsm;onf tm%mydiw@dk . tm%mtvGef
G
J
kf
tu|H tok;H ðyr_atmufwif ykysuyef;ysujf zpfum Oya't&mwGif wef;wl&rnf[aom jynfojl ynf
G H f
l
om;wk@d .&ydicirsm;aysmufq;Hk vsuf EdiiawmfY Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ ysujf ym;aeonfukd rnfor# rjiif;
k f G hf
kfH
l
Ekdifawmhay?
6?
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ysujf ym;r_atmufwif tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl vGwawmfu,f
G
f
kd
pm;vS,}f u;D rsm;tm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif; qkonfh t"rRvy}f uyrsm;ESihf
H
H
d
k H JG
xkvy}f uyrsm;udk yl;aygi;f }uHpnfvyaqmifc=hJ uaomolrsm;onf Oya'udausmeif;vkyaqmifol
d k H JG
kf
k
f
f
rsm;jzpfa=umif; azmfjyvkuonf?
d f
7?
(u) rE av;wdi;f / ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2)/
W
k
f
J
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifvwawmfu,pm;vS,/f OD;aiGxe;f tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d
kd
$ f
kd f
G
H
vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd azaz:0g&v (15)
H
d
kd
h kf
D
&ufae@uðyvkyca=umif; 16-4-99 ae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(c) {&m0wDwi;f / armfvòrdiusG e;f òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,f trSwf (1) trsKd ;
dk
f
f
J
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSaztm; t,kt=unfr&Sd
dk
f
kd f
H
vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd rwfv (19) &uf
H
d
dk
h kf
ae@u ðyvkyca=umif; 17-4-99 &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(*) {&m0wDwdkif;/ uef}uD;axmihfòrdŒe,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f trSwf(2)/
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&DtzGJ@csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vS=unftm;
t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qdonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJh vky&yfukd
H
H
k
dk
f
191

192. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
rwfv (19) &ufae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(C) {&m0wD w d k i f ; / jref a tmif ò rd @ e,f / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf r J E N e ,f t rS w f (2)/
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrifo%;f tm; t,kt
kd
$ f
kd f
h d
H
=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif; qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd rwfv
H
d
kd
h kf
(19) &ufae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf//
f hJ
k f
h
(i) {&m0wDwi;f / yef;waemfòrdŒe,f/ jynfo@l vwawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;
dk
$ f
J
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmwifrif;xGËtm; t,kH
kd
f
kd f
f
f
t=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd rwfv
H
d
dk
h kf
(19) &ufae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(p) {&m0wDwi;f / usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;
dk
f
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wif0if;tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d
dk
$ f
kd f
H
vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd rwfv (19) &uf
H
d
dk
h kf
ae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(q) rE av;wki;f / EGm;xk;d }u;D òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;'Drkd
W
d
f
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;yef;omtm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0
f
dk f
k
raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k yD;atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd azaz:0g&v (21)
H
d
dk
h k f
D
&ufae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (18-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pm;rsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(Z) rE av;wdi;f / ykor}f u;D òrŒd e,f/ jynfo@l vwawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Drkd
W
k
d
$ f
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;pHvabmftm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d
f
dk f
S
k
vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd {+yv (3) &ufae@
H
d
dk
h kf
D
u ðyvkyca=umif; (19-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(ps) rGejf ynfe,f/ aygiòf rŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
f
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;^m%f0if;tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0r
f
dk f
k
axmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k yD;atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd {+yDv (8) &ufae@u
H
d
dk
h k f
ðyvkyca=umif; (25-4-99) &ufae@xwf owif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k
h
(n) rGejf ynfe,f/ aygiòf rŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
f
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;Ekiaomif;!Ge@f tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0
f
dk f
df
k
raxmufcawmha=umif; qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd {+yv (10) &ufae@u
H
d
dk
h kf
D
ðyvkyca=umif; (26-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k f
h
(Ë) yJc;l wdi;f / om,m0wDòrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2)/
k
f
J
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;pH0if;
kd
f
dk f
f
ESihf OD;armifat;wk@d tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k yD; atmf[pf
k
H
d
cki;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd {+yv (9) &ufae@u ðyvkyca=umif; (27-4-99) &ufae@xwowif;pm
d
h kf
D
f hJ
k f
rsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
h
192

193. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(X) yJc;l wdi;f / ewfwvif;òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,ftrSw(2)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
k
f
f
kd
a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;apmpdexe;f tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0
f
f
dk f
f G
k
raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfci;f aom Oya'rJvy&yfukd rwfv (7) &ufae@u
H
d
dk
h kf
ðyvkyca=umif; (16-4-99) &ufae@xwf owif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJonf?
f hJ
k
h
8?
rSm-
txufygazmfjyyg Oya'ausmeif;r_rsm;wGif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfvyaqmifc=hJ uaom olrsm;
f
kf
- obmywdqorsm; kd l
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm; k l
- qENaz:xkwwifjyonfqorsm; f
dk l
- vufrwx;dk rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqorsm; S f
f
k
dk l
- rSwwrf;qkonfuvufconfh oufqi&mòrdŒe,frsm;rS òrdŒe,f ygwp'rua&pD
f
d
kd
H
dk f
D Hk D kd
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ 0ifqorsm; JG
kd l
- oufqi&mtm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;rSci;f apolrsm; dk f
kf
kd
9?
,if;vky&yfrsm;a=umifh urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ 0if EkiiwEkiitaejzifvnf;aumif;/ ,Of
f
h k
dfH dfH
h
aus;r_tpOftvm}uD;rm;aom vlrsdK;wrsdK;taejzifhvnf;aumif; urBmhtv,fwGif jrefrm.
*k%oumonf vGepmrSusqif;&ayonf?
f d Q
fG
10?
Tolrsm;uJo‹dk trsKd ;om;a&;*k%oumudk vpfvsL±_/ Ekiiordi;f wefz;dk udk vpfvsL±_/
h
f d Q
dfH k
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk vpfvsL±_/ rdrdvkyfaomtvkyf. taumif;tqkd;udkrodjrif/ trSeftrSm;udk
rawG;awm/ twdw/f ypPKy`e/f tem*wfw@kd . qufE,rutav;rxm;bJ/ xif&mpdi;f vky&yfrsm;
G f _ kd
k
f
udk rnfonfta=umif;a=umifEir# yg0ifvyaqmifjcif;rðyvkyr=d uap&ef jynfovxEihf rsKd ;quf
h
h S hf
kf
f
l l kS
opfvi,frsm;tm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu arwWm&yfcE;d_ aqmftyfygonf?
l
f
kd f
H
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f uqkevqkwf (6) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (5) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf//
dk
d
193

194. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 27 (5§99)
1?
ppfui;f wdi;f / 'Dy,if;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
kd k
J
f
J
dk
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0if;jrifatmiftm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0
f
kd f
h
k
raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlwpkatmf[pfyvyaqmif&ef tm%mydirsm;u oufqi&m
H
d
JG k f
kf
dk f
jynfovxtay: vdrvnft=uyfuiaea=umif; owif;&&Sonf?
l l k
f
kd f
d
2?
oufqi&mtm%mydiw@dk . Oya'udausmeif;onhvy&yfuðkd yvkyEi&ef t"du yl;aygi;f
dk f
kf
k
f
f kf
f dk f
}uHpnfvyaqmifaeolrsm;rSm Oya't& Ekiia&;ESiywfoufI ðyvkycir&Saom/ ,if;òrdŒe,f
k f
dfH
hf
f G hf d
=uH§zGŒH toif;rS OD;0if;ode;f / OD;csp&ef/ OD;vSrif;/ OD;ausmrif;/ &,u OuUÏ OD;atmif&/ aus;&Gm
›
f
f
t&Hr;D owftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k od&&onf?
dS
3?
,if;wk@d onf 21-3-99 &ufae@u &yfuuEihf aus;&Gmrsm;twGi;f wtdrwufqif;
G f S
f
0ifa&muf+yD;/ rSwywifv&efEihf tem}uD;a&m*gwuzsua&;pDrcsutwGu[qum ykppm&Guf
f Hk
J S
dk f f
H f
f k dk
H H
rsm;wGif vufrwa&;xk;d apcki;f onf[k =um;od&onf?
S f
d
4?
23-3-99 &ufae@wif e*g;wGi;f aus;&GmY }u§zGŒH toif;rS OD;ausmrif;/ 'k&tyf ausmx;l
G
›H
f
J k
f
vGi/f v0u 0efxrf; OD;jrifxe;f wk@d u &Gmom;rsm;tm; tdraxmifppm&if;rsm;,lvm=u&ef apcdi;f +y;D /
h G
f
k
k
touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D olrsm;pm&if;udu;l ,lI rnfonfta=umif;jycsur#rajymbJ/ vufrwa&;
k
h
f
S f
xk;d cki;f onf[k od&&onf?
d
dS
5?
24-3-99 &ufae@wif 'Dy,if;òrŒd r&yfuuEihf v,fawmf&yfuuw@dk Y }u§zGŒH toif;0if
G J
G fS
G f
›H
OD;vSyEihf OD;wk;d wd@k u/ q,ftracgi;f rsm;rSwqifh wtdrwa,muf tdraxmifppm&if;,lvm&ef
kd S
d f
f
f
k
qifac:aponf[k od&onf? ta=umif;jycsurm aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vmrnf[qonf? xkd
h
f S
k dk
aemuf ykppm&Guwivufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f onf? vufrwra&;xk;d olrsm;ESihf rvma&muforsm;
H H
f Gf
S f
k
S f
l
ud,pm;/ ‚if;wd@k u,wif vufrwa&;xk;d ,lom;a=umif; owif;=um;od&onf?
k f
kd f dk
S f
G
194

195. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
6?
tjcm;aus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGivnf; tvm;wl qufvufaqmif&uaea=umif; =um;od
f k
f
G f
&onf?
7?
Todk@aom Oya'rJhvkyf&yfrsm;udkcGifhðyjcif;/ vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@a=umifh/ Oya'pkd;rdk;a&;
[laom tESpom&. t"dyg` ,ysup;D aponf? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[lonf w&m;Oya'. um
f
f f
uG,apmifa&Smufrukd wki;f oljynfom;rsm; wef;wl&nfw&&Sjd cif;ESihf jyÏmef;xm;aomOya'ESihf
f
h
_
d
l
tnDw&m;pD&ifjcif;jzpfonf? tm%mydirsm;u vuf0,f&&Sxm;onfw&m;Oya'udk tvGef
kf
d
h
tu|o;kH Iaomfvnf;aumif;/ wvGo;Hk Ivnfaumif; rvkvm;aomyk*K~ v/f tzGŒJ tpnf;tm; zdEy/f
H
J
d
d
dS
t=uyfui/f +cdr;f ajcmuf/ ta&;,lr_ ðyjcif;wk@d onf w&m;Oya' ysujf ym;jcif;jzpfonf?
kd
8?
tm%myditqifqifw@dk taejzifh Ekiiordi;f udk trSewu,fwefz;kd xm;jcif;/ wki;f jynf
kf
h h
dfH k
f
d
ESivrsK;d tay: tppftrSecspjf rwfE;dk jcif;&Sygu rdrwi;f oljynfom;rsm;tm; wvGvrf;jyjcif;ESihf
hf l
f
d
d dk
J
Oya'rJvrf;!$ejf cif;rsm;udk vk;H 0rvky=f u&ef wkuwe;f vduonf?
h
d f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f uqkevjynfausmf (7) &uf?
S
f
h
1999 ckEp/f arv (6) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf)
kd
d
195

196. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 28 (5§99)
rSwcsuf ? ? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD a-unmcsutrSwf 23 (4/99)ESihf
f
f
kd f
f
trSwf 25 (4 /99)wkŒd ESihf qufvufzwf&yg&ef// txufyg a-unmcsursm;ESiywfoufI
+
f
hf
(tusO;uscH trsKd ;om;Ediia&;tiftm;pk) qkorsm;u rSwcsuðf yxm;csursm;udk odom&ef
f
kfH
d l
f
f
jzefŒjzL;vdkufonf?
(p) oifw@dk onf 1990jynfEp/f arvu usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
h S
h
D Hk D kd
aumufywif a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufc&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf? xkd
JG G
f
H
f
kd f
f
a&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}Hk u;D ESitwl Ediiw0Sr;f vk;H &Sd &[ef;/ &Siv/l
S kd
hf
kfH
f
ausmif;om;jynfow&yfv;Hk . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;wk@d jzift&if;wnf+yD;rSay:ayguvm&aom a&G;
l
h
f
aumufy}JG uD;jzpfonf? a&G;G aumufywif jynfovx}k uD;u 'Drua&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGihf ta&;rsm;udk
JG G
l l
kd
tjynft0tmrcHaom tem*wf'rua&pDEiiawmf ay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf óud;yrf;aqmif&uf
h
D kd
dk f H
G
&ef rdrw@dk Eihf rdrw@dk . e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm;ud,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
d S d
k f
f
dk f
rsm;udk taESmuft,Su/f tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufay;cJ=h uonf?
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; wnf&aejcif;ESitwl jynfo@l vwawmfvnf; &S&ay
f
kd f
f
dS
hf
$ f
d
rnf? ,ck a&G;aumufy+JG yD;cJonfrm (9) ESpcef@ &Scyg+yD? jynfoŒl v$wawmfum; ay:rvmao;ay?
h
S
f d hJ
f
a&G;aumufyuusi;f yay;cJonfh ppftpd;k &uvn;f ‚if;wk@d ay;xm;onfuwdu0wfrsm;udk t}urf
JG kd
h
h
d
}udrcsKd ;azguI/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&rnfwm0efukd ysuuuconf? xk@d a=umifh tzGŒJ csKyf
f
f
f
h
f G f hJ
ESihf wdi;f &if;om;ygwD tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;yl;aygi;f I jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH
k
f
óud;yrf;aqmif&uae=uonf?
G f
,ae@tcsetxd Ediiw0Sr;f vk;H &Sd tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif oifw@dk Eihf wcsewnf; a&G;cs,wif
df
kfH
S
df
f
ajrmufcc&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf ESypuf!O;f yef;r_ trsKd ;rsKd ;udk cHae&qJ
‡ H hJ
f
kd f
f
df
S
jzpfonf? tusO;f axmifrsm;twGi;f Y ppftpd;k &vufcsujf zifh toufq;Hk ±_;H cJ&aom jynfo@l vwf
h
$
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. t±d;k rsm;onf raqG;ao;yg? ‚if;wk@d rdom;pkrsm;rSmvnf; óuawGŒae&onfh
kd f
f
H
'kursKd ;pkrS rvGwao;yg? ,ae@tcseY jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf òrdŒe,ftoD;
Q H
f
d f
f
oD;&Sd tcsKyfcef;rsm;/ tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif ppftpd;k &xH 'l;raxmuftnHrcHbJ ZG/J owWd cdirmpGm
h
kf
jzifh }uH}› uHc&yfwnfaeaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f trsm;tjym;yif&ae=uonf? xduhJ
›H
f
kd f
dS
k
od@k owWajymifajrmufpmjzifh jynfovxtwGuf opPmapmifoae=uaom/ jynfoŒl bufu&yfwnf
d
G
l l k
h d
ae=uaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk av;pm;*k%,ygonf?
f
dk f
f
f l
196

197. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
oifw@kd rmum; ud,u,wiu jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfygvsuEihf jynfoukd
S
k f kd f kd f
f
kd f
fS
l
rsuEmraxmuf/ opPmazguum jynfovx.tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:ay; onfh
fS
f
l l k
jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk zsuq;D zd@k óud;pm;=uonf? jynfovxukd rw&m;onfenf;
f
f
l l k
h
trsKd ;rsKd ;oH;k I Edypuf!O;f yef;&ufpufaeaom ppftm%m&Siw@kd tóuduf vkyaqmifay;=uonf?
Sf
S
f
f
ppfaxmufve;f a&;wd@k . vufuiwwtjzpf aqmif&uay;=uonf? ppfaxmufvr;f a&;wd@k .
S
kd f k f
G f
S
vufuiwwf aemufvursm;tjzpf vduygaqmif&u=f uonf? oifw@kd tm; jynforsm;rS jynfoŒl
kd f k
kd f
k f
G
l
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,ay;cJjh cif;onf jynfow&yfv;kH tm%m&Sipepfatmuf
f
kd f
f
f
l
f
rSvwajrmufa&;ESihf jynfovx. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f
G f
l l k kfH
l
aqmif&uay;&eftwGujf zpfonf? oifw@kd . ud,usKd ;pD;yGm;/ oifw@kd .vGwvyfrtwGuf jynfol
G f
k f
f
_
udcw;kH vkyI jynfow@kd .ar#mvifcsuu/kd vdvm;csursm;udk eif;acsypf&ef/ zsuq;D ypf&ef r[kwf
kk
f
l
f h f
k
f
f
acs? ,ckrl oifw@kd onf "g;jyESiaygi;f I ud,rbtdrukd "m;jy jyefwuorsm;jzpfonf? tvGeryif
hf
k hf d
f
kd f l
fS
atmufwef;usI &Sup&maumif;vSonf? vl,wrmwd@k .vky&yfjzpfonf? 'Drua&pDta&òcH
f
k f
f
kd
tm%m&Sivufyg;aprsm;jzpf=uonf? oifw@kd Eihf oifw@kd vy&yfrsm;tm; u|Eyw@kd rS jyif;xefpm
f
S
k f
fk f
G
±_wcsvuonf?
f kd f
oifw@kd onf jynfovwawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk rnfo@kd yifzsuq;D apumrl/ jynfoŒl v$wf
l $ f
f
awmfonf ay:xGe;f vm&rnfrm rvGraoGyifjzpfonf? (qH;k )
S
J
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f uqkevjynfausmf (7) &uf?
S
f
h
1999 ckEp/f arv (6) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 29 (5§99)
1?
OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&JòrŒd e,f/ {&m0wDwi;f / tzGŒJ csKyfrS xkwy,fxm;ol)/ OD;wifxe;f armif/
kd
f
G
OD;=unf0if;ESihf OD;xGe;f a&$ (tzGŒJ csKyfwm0efrS ,m,D&yfqixm;olrsm;) av;OD;wd@k onf 11-5-99
kd f
&ufae@/ t*F gae@wif owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw&yfðyvky=f urnf[k =um;od&onf?
G
J
197

198. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
xduo@kd owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGðJ yvkyEi&efrm ,if;wd@k tm; ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
k hJ
f dk f S
S
. tpDtpOft& cGiðhf ycsur&bJ rnfonfenf;ESir# usi;f yIrjzpfEiay? xd@k jyif ,if;wd@k a&;om;
f
h
hf
dk f
onfh tzGŒJ csKy.rlEiqef@usiaompmESiywfoufI oabmwlaxmufcxm;onf[k qdol tcsKd Œwd@k
f S hf
f
hf
H
k
tm;vnf; owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGo@kd ,if;wd@k Eitwl wufa&muf&ef vduvpnf;±H;k ac:aqmifae
J
S hf
kf f H
onf[vnf; owif;rsm;=um;od&onf?
k
3?
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;.tdro@kd OD;xGe;f a&$ ESihf OD;wifxe;f armifw@kd oGm;a&muf
f
kd f
f
f
G
um/ 4if;tm; xdae@&ufwiusi;f yrnfowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGo@kd wufa&muf&efac:onf[k owif;&
k
Gf
h
J
onf? tvm;wlyif tjcm;olrsm;tm;vnf;wufa&muf&ef ‚if;wd@k .aetdrrsm;od@k vnf;aumif;/
f
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f uef@owfxm;onfae&mrsm;od@k vnf;aumif; oGm;a&mufac:aqmif=uonf[k
h
owif;&onf?
4?
Tonfuaxmuf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh xdav;OD;wd@k onf tqdygvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
dk
k
k $ f
kd f
f
&Sdaeonfh/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒ0ifwdk@. tapmifhta&Smuf/ tuef@towf/ tcsKyftcs,f
atmufwiae&aom tdr/f ae&mrsm;od@k oGm;a&mufpnf;±H;k ac:Edici&onfrm ppfaxmufvr;f
Gf
k f G hf dS
S
S
a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.cGiðhf yjcif;a=umifom vkyaqmifEi=f ujcif; jzpfayonf?
h
k f
dk
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f uqkevjynfausmf (8)&uf?
S
f
h
1999 ckEp/f arv (7)&uf?
S
rSwcsuf ? ? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD a-unmcsutrSwf 23 (4 = 99)/
f
f
kd f
f
25 (4 = 99)/ 28(5 = 99) wdŒk ESihf qufvufzwf±yg&ef?
+
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹csonf?)
kd
d
198

199. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 30 (5§99)
pmayxkwa0a&;vkyief;&Sirsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;jyKaumfrwD OuUXxHoŒkd
f
f
f
f
kd f
(7 / 5 /99) &ufaeŒu ay;ydŒk onf pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef jzefŒa0vduonf?
k f
(p) u|eawmfrsm; pmaye,fy,fwif jzpfay:aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfukd vl}uD;rif;wd@k
f
G
odomEdi&ef/ vktyfovdk ulnaqmif&uay;Edi&eftwGuf wifjytpD&ifctyfygonf? ,ckvuf&dS
kf
d
D
G f kf
H
ppftm%mydirsm;. cdi;f ap!¸e=f um;csut& pmaypdppfa&;tzGŒJ rS rlvwabmifvwjf zifh pmtkyf
kf
k
f
G f
G
xkwa0a&;/ r*~Zif;/ *sme,fxwa0a&;rsm;udk pHepfwus zsuq;D / aESmuf,uae=uygonf? r*~Zif;/
f
k f
f
S f
*sme,f pmtkypmwrf;toD;oD;udk yHptrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh pmaypdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf? vpOfxwf
f
k H
k
r*~Zif;rsm;ESihf tygwpOfxw*sme,frsm;udrl pmtkypmapmiftjzpfo@kd ±duEycsKyfvy+f yD;rS pmay
f
k f
k
f
k f Sd f
k
pdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf? tjcm;vk;H csi;f pmtkyrsm;udrl ykEyjf cif;rðyvkyrD vufEypuf±uf pmrlt
f
k H dS
f
dS f kd
qifjh zifh pdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf// pmrltqifh óudwif wifjy&aomtrsKd ;tpm;rsm;wGif rw&m;
csKyfcs,/f [ef@wm;/ aESmuf,urrsm; &Syif&jdS im;aomfvnf; wifjyvdaomta=umif;t&m pmom;
S f_
d
k
rsm;udk y,fzsuc&onfrvI aiGa=u;t& qH;k ±_;H epfemr_r&SEiyg? pmtkypmapmiftjzpf aiGa=u;us
fH
S JG
d kd f
f
cH+y;D / ±duEycsKyfvy+f y;D rSwifjy&aom vpOfxwr*~Zif;rsm;ESihf tygwpOfxw*sme,f pmapmifrsm;
k f Sd f
k
k f
f k f
twGurl rsm;pGmrSepfemvSygonf?
f
r*~Zif;wtkyukd +yD;pD;atmifaqmif&uI pmaypdppfa&;od@k wifjyaomtcg [k,cifu
f
G f
d
pdppfa&;rSqifqmjzwfawmufaom rvkvm;aompmrlEihf pma=umif;/ pmyd'w@dk tm; qkw+f zJI
d
S
k f
jzpfap/ aiGa&mifrifjzifz;Hk tkyIjzpfap ðyvky±r#jzifh jzef@csci&&Sygaomfvnf; ,ckrl pdppfa&;tzGŒJ rS
h
f
f Hk
d G hf d
qifqmðyvkyy,fzsuci;f aompmrl/ pma=umif;/ pmyd'w@dk tm; y,fzsuxm;rSe;f rod&atmif jyef
f
f dk
kf
f
vnfI tpm;xk;d ±kuEyI/ csKyvy+f y;D pmtkyrsm;tm;jyefIðzwf/ tpm;xk;d xnf/h jyefcsKyf tp&Sojzifh
d f dS f
f k
f
d
pDraqmif&uay;&ygonf? pmaypdppfa&;rS y,fzsuf tpm;xk;d ±duEy+f yD;ygu axmufvr;f a&;rS
H
G f
k f dk
S
xyfrqw+f zJci;f xyfqifvyvmygonf? xkwa0olrsm;rSm rdat;ESpcgemjzpf&ygonf? xk@d a=umifh
H k
dk
h kf
f
f
pmtkyrsm;xGu&ufrrSeawmhbJ tcse/f vltm;/ aiGtm; rsm;pGmqk;H ±_;H &ygonf?
f
f
f
d
199

200. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
r=umao;rDu a':atmifqef;pk=unf. cifye;f a'guwmrduu,ft&pf(pf) uG,vef
G
f
k f
J
f G
tedpa&muf&jdS cif;twGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;trSww&vufurf;pmapmifwif yg0ifa&;om;=uaom
P
f
G
uAsmq&m}u;D §i,f (7) a,muf. pmrlrsm;ygvmaom r*~Zif;rsm;/ *sme,frsm; txdemcJ&ygonf?
h
aemufaemif rok;H pG&efvnf; }ur;f armif;cH=u&ygonf? ukeueajym&ygv#if vuf&dS r*~Zif;/ pmapmif
J
d
f kf
rsm;wGif txufyguAsmq&m (7) OD;. trnfemryifv#if y,fzsuc&ygonf?
fH
Tonfrsm;rSm urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ }uD;. tjynfjynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&; a=unmpm
h k
dk f
hf
wrf; tyd'f (19) yg tcsursm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif; csKd ;azguaejcif;jzpfygonf? trsKd ;om;
k
f
f
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiaomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDEiaomfvnf;
kd
S hf
f
kd f
S hf
aumif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;jcm;aom 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;
S hf
dk
S
hf
wkuy0ifaeaom vly*K~ v/f tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESiaomfvnf;aumif; tenf;i,fr# yg0ifywfouf/
d f JG
k d
hf
qufE,rygu tòi;d w}u;D jzifh vufw@Hk jyef/ zdEy/f [ef@wm;/ aESmuf,u/f 'kuay;aejcif;udk e,fy,f
G fd
dS
S
Q
toD;oD;rS jynfojl ynfom;tm;vk;H qif;&J}uD;pGmcHpm;ae&ygonf//” (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,kevqef; (4) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (18) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 31 (5§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf/ w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ekiia&;udprsm;ukd jynf0pGmaqmif
dk
f
dfH
P
h
&GuEici&aom/ w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwjD zpfonf? 1990jynfEp/f arvY w&m;0ifusi;f ycJaom
f dk f G hf dS
kd f H
h S
h
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwrsm;ESitwl w&m;0if/ ,SOòf ydif
D Hk D dk
JG G
dk f H
D
fh
ta&G;cHconf?
hJ
200

201. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
2?
tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;jzpfaom/ a'guwmode;f vGionf/
f
kd f
f
f
f
rdwvmòrŒd e,f/ trSwf (2) rJqENe,fr/S w&m;0if/ 0ifa&muf,Oòf yita&G;cHconf? rJqEN&if jynfol
dW
S df
hJ
S
vlx. wcJeufaxmufcqENray;r_a=umihf ckivrJ (28913) rJ&mckiEe;f (62²09) jzifh ta&G;cs,f
k
H
J
d f Hk
df_
cHc&onf? ok@d twGua=umifh a'guwmode;f vGionf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
hJ
f
f
f
f
kd f
jzpfa=umif;uk/d tm%mykiw@dk u/ Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0if xnfoi;f a=unmxm;+y;D jzpfonf?
df
dfH
h G
3?
ok@d ygvsuEifh Ekiia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya'/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'
fS dfH
D
f Hk
f
jyÏmef;csursm;ESifh trde@f trSw- 2§88 wk@udk qef@usif csKd ;azguum/ 10-5-99 &ufae@u/ w&m;
f
f
d
f
0if v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmode;f vGitm;/ t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
dk f
f
f
H
H
qkonfh tm%mykiw@kd . cki;f apcsut&ðyvkyonfh Oya't& tESpom&r&Sonfh t"rR/ Oya'rJh
d
df
d
f
f
f
d
vky&yfuvwpkuðyvkyc=hJ uonf?
f dk l
f
4?
arGtyp/k qnfue;f &Gm/ bk&m;ig;ql bk&m;uke;f awmfay: Y ðyvkyonfh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
kf
k
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmode;f vGitm; raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh Oya'ausmeif;
f
kd f
f
f
H
d
f
onfh atmf[pfyudk jzpfajrmufatmif t"du aqmif&uorsm;rSm òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;wifaX;
JG
G f l
qko/l òrdŒe,f Oya't&m&Sd a':cif0if;jzL qko/l axmufvr;f a&; (15) wyfrS wyf=uyf}uD; wifat;
d
d
S
qko/l txl;pkprf;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd OD;armifarmifoef@ qkoEifh 'k-&JtyEifh &JtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒe,f
d
H
d l S
k f S
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp0ifrsm;/ òrdŒay:rS &yfuutm%mykitzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ Ediia&;
D
G f
df
kfH
udprsm;ESifh rnfo@dk r# roufqionfh }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfa=umif; od&&onf?
P
dk f
›
dS
5?
Tw&m;Oya'rJvy}f uH[pfatmfy. =umcserm (6) rdepfom=umonf[k od&onf?
h k
JG
d f S
e,fajrcHvxu/dk rvdrwywfajymqk+d cdr;f ajcmuf+yD;/ touf (18) ESpf rjynfao;aom uav;ol
l k
hf
h
i,frsm;ukyg t"rR qG±e;f ac:aqmifum wufapcJonf[k od&&onf? vlxtaejzifh ,if; vDq,f
d
Jk
h
dS
k
vky}f uHyu/dk vk;H 0rvkuv=dk ubJ/ jiif;qefa&Smif&m;ae=uojzihf uav;oli,ftygt0if vl 2000
JG
d f
S
yifrjynf[o&onf?
h k d
6?
(6) rdepfom=umaom/ ±kyjf yr#om jyKvkyEiconf/h ,if;atmf[pfywi/f yg0ify;l aygi;f
f kd f hJ
JG G
}uHpnf+yD; Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@dk jzpfonf?
f
- obmywdqorsm; - OD;jym; qkoEifh tjcm;ESpO;D ?
dk l
d l S
f
- tcrf;tem;rª;qkorsm; - a': jzLjzL0if;/ a':OrRmaqG qkorsm;?
d l
d l
- qENaz:xkwwifjyonfqol - ukeonf OD;ukvm; qdo?
f
dk
f
k l
- qENðyvufrwf rSwwrf;qkonfudk ay;tyfonfqol - awmifol OD;ausmviqo?
S
f
d
dk
f _d f dk l
- rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufconfqol - rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;
f
d
H
dk
dW
D Hk D dk
aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;wifaX; qko?
JG
f
d l
7?
tvnf&mtkyp/k odrue;f &GmwGiðf yvkyonf/h Oya'rJ/h t"rRatmf[pfywivnf; rdepf
G
f
f k
f
JG G f
(20) cef@om=um+y;D / ±kyjf ytjzpf oabmomvkyEionf[k od&&onf? ,if;atmf[pfyudk yl;aygi;f
f dk f
dS
JG
201

202. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
yg0if+yD; Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm/ tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf vma&mufvyuiay;aom òrdŒay:ae
f
k f dk f
ausmif;q&mr a':cifpENm=unfEifh a': jrifjh rifE,f qkorsm;jzpfonf?
S
h G
d l
8?
a&a0 &GmwGif ðyvkyaom/ Oya'rJ/h pk±;Hk atmf[pfyonfvnf; (11) rdepfcef@om=umonf
f
JG
[k od&&onf// ,if; t"rRywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifjy;D / Oya'ausmeif;olrsm;rSm a&a0/ tvurS ausmif;
dS
JG G
f
q&mr rsm;jzpf=uaom a':oef;EJŒG ESihf a':0if;=unf qkow@dk jzpf=uonf?
d l
9?
wnfyifue;f wGif ðyvkyusi;f yaom/ Oya'rJ/h pk±;Hk atmf[pfyonfvnf; (15) rdepfcef@om
k
f
JG
=umonf[k od&&onf// ,if; t"rRywif yl;aygi;fyg0ifjyD; Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm/ wnfyif
dS
JG G
f
uke;f tvu rS ausmif;q&mr rsm;jzpf=uaom a':cifE$J ESihf a':cifaX;armf qkow@dk jzpfonf?
d l
10?
,if; vky&yfrsm;onf/ w&m;Oya' pk;d rk;d a&;ukd ysujf ym;aponf? jynfovxu w&m;
f
l l k
Oya'ukd ,k=H unfvuemr_ysujf ym;atmifðyvkyaomvky&yfrsm;jzpfojzihf vlxtaejzihf w&m;
dk f
f
f
k
Oya'rsm;t& vkuemaqmif&u=f u&ef wkuwe;f vkuonf?
d f
G
d f G d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,kevqef; (10) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (24) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 33 ( 5§99 )
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (9) ESpfajrmufa-unmcsuf
1?
1999 ckEp/f arv (27)&ufae@wif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ycJonf
S
G
D Hk D dk
h
rSm (9) ESpwif;wif;jynfajrmufay+yD?
f
h
2?
(u) ygwp'rua&pDEihf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw@kd onf t"dyg` ,tvGejf ynf0+y;D wckEihf
D Hk D dk
S
JG
f
h
S
wck qufpyfaeayonf? ygwp'rua&pDqonfrm Ekiiwif wckwnf;aom Ekiia&;tzGŒJ tpnf;
D Hk D dk
dk
S dfH G
dfH
202

203. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(ok@d r[kw) wygwomv#if v_y&m;ykici&onfpepfr[kwawmhyJ rl0g'vrf;pOfvyief;rsm;ESihf ywf
f
D
f S d f G hf dS h H
f
kf
oufI jynfovxw@dk o&Ei&ef a=unmI zGŒJ pnf;xm;=uonfh ygwtrsm;tjym;uktajccHonfh
l l k d Sd dk f
D
d
pHepfuqvonf? jynfovx. a&G;cs,yicitay:aqmufwnfonfh 'Drua&pDpepf &Sioefap&ef
dk dk dk
l l k
f dk f G hf
dk
H
f
jzpfaom ygwpEiia&;ukd rSeuefpmusio;Hk jcif;onf trsKd ;om;Ekiia&;yifjzpfayonf? Ekiiawmf.
D Hk kd f H
f G
hf
dfH
dfH
tcsKytjcmtm%monf jynfovxrqif;oufonf[aom 'Drua&pDusipOft& jynfow@dk u
f
l l kS
l
dk
hf
l
rdrw@dk oabmqENt& óuuEpoufonfh rl0g'vrf;pOfrsm;/ ygwrsm;ukd vGwvyfpma&G;cs,axmuf
d
d fSf
D
f G
f
cHyicihf &S&ayrnf? ok@d romv#if ygwp'rua&pDrnfayrnf?
dk f G d
S
D Hk D dk
(c) 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;wGif ygwpEiia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
dk
JG
D Hk dk f H
D
awmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;u a&G;aumufyOya'pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESitnD owfrwxm;+yD;onfh
kd f
f
JG
hf
S f
rJqENe,frsm;rS yg0if,Oòf yi=f u&onf? ud,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;ESifh qENray;=u&rnfh jynfovxk
S d
k f
f
J
l l
wd@k onf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;ukd vkuemusio;Hk =u&ayrnf?
f
d f
hf
(*) a&G;aumufyrsm;onf w&m;r#wI vGwvyf&efrm t"duusayonf? a&G;aumuf
JG
f
S
yGu}dk uD;=uyf&ef tcgtm;avsmpmzGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh aumfr&SitqifqifrS 0efxrf;rsm;uaomf
J
f G
f
h h
vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyuusi;f yay;onfh tqifqifaom tkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ tpnf; toD;oD;
JG dk
h h
f
rS 0efxrf;rsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; yg0if,Oòf ydiaomygwrsm;tay:wGif vk;H 0bufvujf cif;r&SbJ
S f
D
dk
d
w&m;r#wpGm qufq&ayrnf? xd@k jyif jynfovxrqENay;jcif;ESiywfoufIvnf; vk;H 0pGuzuf
H
l l kJ
fh
f
aESmuf,ujf cif;r&Sap&? Ekiia&;ygwrsm;. w&m;ojzifpnf;±k;H a[majymrJq,jf cif;ukd rnfourS
S
d
dfH
D
h
G
l
rydwyifraESmuf,u&? rdrw@dk Epouf&mEkiia&;ygwrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;
f
S f
d Sf
dfH
D
f
kd f
f
rsm;ukd qENray;ykicitm;vnf; rnfour#raESmuf,u/f rcsKyfcs,ap&?
J d f G hf
l
S
f
(C) vGwvyfonftaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;rSwqifh rdrw@dk óuuEpouf&m uk,pm;
f
h
JG
d
d fSf
d f
vS,rsm;ukd Ekii.tkycsKyfa&;wm0efrsm;aqmif&u&ef a&G;cs,jf cif;onf tajccHvŒl tcGita&;
f
dfH
f
G f
hf
w&yfjzpfa=umif;ukd urBmuvor*~. tjynfjynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;yg tyk'f
h k
dk f
hf
d
(21) u xif&m;aponf?
S
3//
“ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy”[lI crf;em;jynf0vSonfh a&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd
D Hk D dk
JG
h
usi;f y+yD;pD;cJonfrm (9) ESpjf ynfajrmuf+yDjzpfaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyrsm;.&v'fudk taumif
h
S
h
JG
txnfraz:ao;onhtjyif tm%mykirsm;onf ygwpEiia&;pHepfurusio;Hk Eki&ef zdEy[ef@
f
df
D Hk kd f H
dk
hf d f
dS f
wm;xm;ojzifh jrefrmEkiiwif 'Drua&pDqwoO;f aeonf? wki;f jynf.tm%mrsm;ukd 1988 ckEp/f
d f H G dk
d f k
d
S
pufwifbmvrSpIodr;f ,lconfh Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ediiawmf
hJ
dfH
f
kfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp[k trnfajymif;xm;) u 27-9-88 &ufpjJG zifh Ekiia&;yg
D
dfH
wDrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ukxwjf yef+yD; Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ukd zGŒJ pnf;cGiay;cJonf? ,if;Oya'wGif
f Hk
d k
dfH
D
hf h
“Ediia&;ygwqonfrm ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDudk vufcusio;Hk aom tzGŒJ tpnf;ukqonf”
kfH
D dk
S
Sf
D Hk D dk
H hf
d dk
ESihf “a&G;aumufyqonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyuqonf” [k jyÏmef;cJonf?
JG dk
S
D Hk D dk
JG dk dk
h
‚if;jyif “rnfonfEiia&;ygwrqkd TOya't& rSwywifci&&S+d yD;rS omv#if a&G;aumufywif
h dk f H
D
f Hk
G hf
JG G
0ifa&muf,Oòf ydici&onf?” [kvnf; jyÏmef;cJonf? a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydiconfh
S f G hf dS
h
JG G
S f hJ
203

204. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(93) ygwteuf/ ,ae‹ (10) ygwom w&m;0ifuse&aeayonf? (83) ckaom Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ukd
D
D
f dS
dfH
D
tm%mykirsm;u ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyI z,f&m;zsuor;f cJonf? a&G;aumufywif jynfoŒl v$wf
df
S
f d h
JG G
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ta&G;cH&onfh ygwtcsKd Œukyg zsuor;f cJonf?
kd f
f
D
d
f d h
4?
1990jynfhESpf/ arv (2&) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufywif jrefrmEdiiY rJqENe,f (492) [k owfrwxm;+yD;/ (485) e,frsm;Y rJqENay;&ef
JG G
kfH
S f
pDpOfEiconf? qENray;ykici&onfh OD;a&rSm 20818313 (oef; ESpq,f&poe;f / waomif;/ &Spf
dk f hJ
J d f G hf dS
f h S f d
axmif/ ok;H &m/ wq,fo;Hk ) jzpf+yD;/ vma&mufrqENay;olrm 15112524 (wq,fig;oef; wode;f
h
J
S
h
waomif; ESpaxmifh ig;&m ESpq,fav;) jzpfonfa=umif/h qENray;&mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (72 ² 59)
f
f h
J
df _
jzpfonf? vma&mufqENray;onfh OD;a&teufrS ckivrJ (13253606) wq,fo;Hk oef; ESpoe;f
J
d f Hk
h
f d
ig;aomif; ok;H axmif ajcmuf&mhajcmufjzpfonfa=umifh ckivr&mckiEe;f (87²7) jzpfI y,fr/J ysur/J
d f Hk J d f _
f
xyfrrsm; &mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (12²3) om jzpfonf?
J
df _
5?
txufygue;f *%ef;rsm;u jynfaxmifpo/l jynfaxmifpom;rsm;onf rnfr# twki;f
d
k
k
d
twmtxd Ekii.tkycsKyfa&;tm%mukd rdrw@dk a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufvuaom uk,pm;vS,rsm;
dfH
f
d
f
dk f
d f
f
tm; tyfEi;f ykici[onfh 'Drua&pDtcGita&;udk rnfr#av;eufpmwefz;dk xm;a=umif; ay:vGif
S d f G hf l
dk
fh
G
aponf? ok@d aomf Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
dfH
f
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp) u jynfovx.qENuvspvsL±_um 'Drua&pDusipOfudk csKd ;azguzsuf
D
l l k
dk f
dk
hf
f
qD;cJonf? rnfonfEiiYrqkd wki;f jynfutycsKyaeolrsm;onf jynfovx.qENudk ypfy,fygu
h
h dk f H
d
dk k f f
l l k
usq;Hk &onfcsn;f omjzpfonf?
6?
1990 jynfEpu usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyudk ekiiawmf
h S f
h
D Hk D kd
JG d f H
+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zHŒG òzd;a&;aumifp) u
f
kfH
D
31-5-89 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefconfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya'jyÏmef;
hJ
f
csursm;t& usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf?
f
7?
Oya'jyÏmef;csut& “v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfuqonf?” [k twd
f
f
dk
S
f
dk dk
tvif;az:xkwxm;onf? (wki;f jynf. EkiiawmfzŒJG pnf;tkycsKyyHk Oya'ukd a&;qGay;&onfh wki;f ðy
f
d
dfH
f f
J
d
jynfðyv$wfawmf[lI jyÏmef;xm;cJhjcif;r[kwfay?) “v$wfawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'
(jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jzpfonf) ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wf
f
hf
‡
dk f
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [kvnf; jyÏmef;xm;onf? xk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufy}JG uD;
kd f
f
+y;D onfEihf v$wawmfac:,l+y;D jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;uwufa&mufI rdrw@dk wm0ef
S
f
f
kd f
f
d
rsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&efjzpfonf? ,ae@wif a&G;aumufyudk “w&m;r#wpGmESihf vGwvyfpm” usi;f y
G
JG
f G
ay;+yD;cJonfrm (9) ESpjf ynfajrmufvm+yDjzpfayonf? oufqi&mtm%mykitzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u
h
S
h
dk f
df
rnfonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,onf rnfonfh rJqENe,fwif rnfr# ckivaom rJO;D a&jzifh
f
kd f
f
G
d f Hk
tEdi&&Sonfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0if jrefrmEkiijH yefwrf;wGif
kf d
f
k f
df
a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfayonf? ok@d aomfvnf; v$wawmfum; ray:ayguvmao;ay?
f
f
204

205. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
8?
v$wawmfay:aygua&;ESiywfoufI t"duwm0ef&aomtzGŒJ tpnf;rSm Oya'pnf;
f
f
hf
dS
rsO;f rsm;ESitnD a&G;aumufyuO;D aqmifusi;f yay;cJaom tm%mykirsm;yifjzpfayonf? tjcm;
hf
JG dk
h
df
wm0ef&Sdonfhyk*~dKvfrsm;rSm rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku rdrdukd,fykdifoabmqENt& a&G;aumuf
wifajrmufay;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfayonf? 1990jynfEpf a&G;aumuf
‡
d f
f
kd f
f
hS
yGwif a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf a&G;aumufyJG
J G
f
f
kd f
f
usi;f y+y;D pD;v#if v$wawmfw&yf rkcsraoGay:vmrnf[aom xkwjf yefajymqkcsursm;ukd ,k=H unf
f
l
d f
=uI a&G;aumufywi0ifa&mufta&G;cHcjhJ cif; jzpfayonf? v$wawmfay:vmv#if v$wawmfo@dk
JG G f
f
f
wufa&mufI jynfow@dk tyfEi;f xm;aomwm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifrnf[aom &nf&,csujf zifh
l
S
l
G f
a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Oòf yivmcJjh cif;jzpfayonf? a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D pD;+y;D rS ,ae@tajc
JG G
S df
JG
taeuJo@dk v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&S[oc=hJ uygv#if rnfonfta=umif;a=umifh a&G;aumuf
h
f
f
d k d
h
yGwif yg0if,Oòf ydic=hJ uygrnfenf;? xk@d a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yf ay:ayguvma&;onf
J G
S f
f
f
ajzmifrwfI jynfoŒl tay: opPmapmifoaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. t"duwm
h
h d
f
kd f
f
0efjzpfayonf?
9?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufy) usi;f y+y;D pD;cJh
D Hk D dk
f
JG
onfrm (9) ESpjf ynfajrmufcay+y? (9) ESp[onftcseumvonf Ekiiwuma&G;aumufyrsm;ESihf
S
h
hJ D
f l h df
dfH
JG
jrefrmEdii. wcseua&G;aumufyrsm;pHcsepEe;f t&wki;f wmygrl tvGe@f tvGe&n=f umaom
kfH
d f
JG
d f H _
d
f S
umvjzpfayonf? Tumvok@d wiatmif tm%mykirsm;onf/ rdru,wi}f uD;rª;usi;f yay;
dk f
df
d dk f dk
cJaom a&G;aumufy.&v'fudk rsuu,ðf y±komru/ wki;f &if;om;jynforsm;.qENudk tav;rrl
h
JG
f G
H
d
l
*±krpkuonftjyif 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;ESihf wrsKd ;om;vk;H zGŒH òz;d wk;d wufa&;ukyg [ef@wm;aESmuf
d f h
dk
G
d
,Suvsu&ayonf? txl;ojzifh vuf&tm%mykirsm;onf 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&; óu;d yrf;r_ref
f
f dS
dS
df
dk
G
S
or#udk ±kucsKd ;zsuq;D &ef&nf&,csujf zifh xk;d ppfozG,f ðyvkyaeonfuawG@&+yD; trsKd ;om;'Drdk
d f
f
G f
f
dk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftygt0if wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;rS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0if
d
D
f
kd f
f
tajrmuftjrm;ukd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;/ zdtm;ay; E_wxuapjcif;/ rE_wxuvonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
f G f
f G f dk
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ukd raxmufca=umif; a'ocHjynforsm;tm; +cr;f ajcmufI twif;t=uyf
kd f
f
H
l
d
[pfatmfci;f jcif; ponfh zdEycsKyfcs,f +cr;f ajcmufonfh enf;rsKd ;pkuo;Hk v#uf vlŒtcGita&;/ 'Dru
dk
dS f
d
H dk
hf
dk
a&pDtcGita&;rsm;ukd tpGr;f ukeatmif csKd ;azguv#u&ayonf?
hf
f
f
f dS
10?
TtajctaersKd ;wGif 'Drua&pDay:xGe;f a&;ukd qufvufóu;d yrf;&rnfvyief;pOftwGuf
dk
h kf
vuf&jdS zpfwnfaeaom Ekiia&;tajctaersm;ESiwuG twdworki;f ukyg tenf;i,fo;Hk oyf&ef
dfH
hf
f d d
vktyfvmayonf?
d
(u) jrefrmEdiiwif vGwvyfa&;&+yD;aemufyi;f Y 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; wpkw&m
kfH G
f
dk
dk
hf
H
aomtwkdif;twmtxd&SdcJhonfrSefaomfvnf; 'Drkdua&pDpHepfusifhokH;&mwGif
Eke,fao;ojzihf ekiia&;yËdyuQrsm;ukd yDjyifpmrajz&Si;f ekicojzifh tcsKd ŒaomEdiiH
dfH
G
d f hJ
kf
a&;ygwrsm; vufeufuiawmfveyeuefvmonftxd jzpfc=hJ uonf? wki;f &if;
D
dk f
S f k f
d
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESiywfoufIqkv#if tajctaetcsetcgt&/ yifvpmcsKyf
fh
d
df
Hk
205

206. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ukd 1947 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &ufae@u vufrwa&;xk;d cJaomyk*K~ v}f uD;rsm;
S
D
S f
h
d
teuf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk}uD;rsm;.acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vk;H ryg0ifcjhJ cif;a=umifh
d
jynfpjHk cif; r&Scay? vGwvyfa&;&+y;D onfaemufyi;f wGif jynfaxmifpudk pDrtycsKyf
h
d hJ
f
h
dk
k
H kf
&mY yifvpw"gwEihf rukunrrsm;a=umifh wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;rausreyfjzpf
Hk d f f S
d f D_
d
cJ&+yD; awmfveyeuerrsm;yifay:aygucayonf?
h
S f k f k f _
f hJ
(c) wef;wla&;ESifh ppfreaomjynfaxmifprrsm;ukd wifjyawmif;qkvmcJ&mwGif aqG;aEG;
Sf
kl
d h
yGrsm;r+y;D jywfrD rajyrvnfjzpfaepOf tcseutcGiaumif;,lI wyfrawmfu 1962
J
d f dk hf
ckEpwif tm%modr;f ,lcayonf? txl;ojzifh 1962 ckEp/f xkaemufyi;f Y 'Drua&
Sf G
hJ
S d
dk
dk
pDtcGita&;rsm;qdwoO;f cJ&+y;D wki;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf;OD;a&vnf;
hf
f k h
d
dk f
ykrrsm;jym;vmum jynfwi;f ppfr;D rSmvnf; t&Set[kejf yif;xefvmcJonf?
d dk
G
df
h
(*) vuf&tajctaewGif tm%mykirsm;onf wki;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf; rnfIrnfr#Eihf
dS
df
d
S
typftcwf&yfEic+hJ yD[k toHaumif;[pfaeaomfvnf; vufawGŒwGirl Ekiia&;
dk f
f dfH
tajccHay: rlwnfI ‚if;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf oabmwlajz&Si;f ekirr&Sao;ojzifh
df _ d
vdycwnf;vnf;&Sum tajctaeukd apmihqi;f aebdouJo@dk om &Sae=uonf?
fJ
d
f dk
h
d
tjcm;wzufwif 1990 jynfEpa&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydicaom wki;f &if;
G
h S f
JG
S f hJ
d
om;vlrsd K;pkygwtrsm;tjym; &Sconf? ‚if;wk@d teuf (1&) ygwrS uk,pm;vS,rsm;
D
d hJ
D d f
f
a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufcc&onf? ,cktcgY xkygwrsm;teuf (12) ygwrm zsuor;f
f
H hJ
d D
DS
f d
jcif; cHc&+y;D jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh tm%mykirsm;onf wki;f &if;om;rsm;udu,pm;ðy
hJ
df
d
k dk f
onfh 'Drua&pDygwrsm;ESihf tem*wfwi;f &if;om;ta&;ukd aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f vkonfh
dk
D
dk
d
qENr&Sa=umif;xif&m;ayonf?
d
S
11?
Ttajctaersm;uko;Hk oyfjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmEkiiwif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; qdwf
d
d f H G dk
hf
okO;f aeonfjh yemESihf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.jyemonf ajz&Si;f &efvtyfaeaom t"du
d
dk
usonfh Ekiia&;jyemESp&yftjzpf awGŒ=u&ayrnf? Tod@k jzifh 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;óud;yrf;
dfH
f
dk
G
tm;xkw=f u&mwGif wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ukvnf; wòydiwnf;ajz&Si;f aqmif&uom;&ef
d
d
f
G f G
vktyfaeonfudk awGŒ&ayonf? &Spav;vk;H ta&;awmfy}Hk uD;t+yD;wGirl 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;
d
f
f dk
ESifh wkdif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf orkdif;vkdtyfcsuft& aygif;qkHrd=u&mrS wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsKd ;rsm;.tcGita&;rsm; qk;H ±_;H aer_tay: 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;u ykrtav;xm;cJ=h uay
hf
dk
d dk
onf? wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wk@d . wef;wla&;ESihf uk,yijf yÏmef;cGi&&Sa&;ukd vufawGŒaz:aqmifr_
d
d f dk
hf d
r&Sv#if ppfreaom 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpay:xGe;f a&;rSm rjzpfEia=umif;ukd ykrem;vnfc=hJ uonf?
d
Sf
dk
k
kd f
d kd
12?
(u) od@k &mwGif ,if;od@k tav;xm;jcif;/ em;vnfvmjcif;onf us,jf yef@rr&Sao;yg?
_ d
jynfprvnf; r&Sao;yg? txl;ojzifh vlrsm;pkjzpf+yD;/ jrefrmEdiitpk;d &tqufqufuk p;dk rk;d cJaom
h Hk _
d
kfH
d
h
Armwki;f &if;om;rsm;u tjcm;wki;f &if;om;rsm;. cHpm;csu/f vktyfcsursm;ukd em;vnfvufc&ef
d
d
d
f
H
vktyfaeao;onf// vlO;D a&rsm;aomvlrsKd ;/ vlO;D a&enf;aomvlrsKd ;[lI rcGjJ cm;yJ/ wki;f &if;om;rsm;
d
d
tm;vk;H wef;wltcGita&;twGuf vufawGŒvkyief;pOfrsm;az:aqmif&mwGif 'Drua&pDtiftm;
hf
f
dk
206

207. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
pktm;vk;H wufºuGpmyg0if&ef t"duvktyfonf? tcsKŒd url “'Drua&pD&&if wki;f &if;om;rsm;.
G
d
dk
d
tcGita&;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;&ifvnf; &ygw,f?” [k tav;rxm;bJ ajymqkorsm;vnf; trSeyif&dS
hf
d l
f
aeayonf?
(c) rdrw@dk wi;f &if;om;ta&;onf yxr/ 'Drua&pDa&;onf 'kw, [k cH,aeqJ wki;f &if;
d dk
dk
d
l
d
om;toki;f t0di;f rsm;vnf; &Saeao;onf? 'Drua&pDr&Sv#if wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tcGit
d
k
d
dk
d
d
hf
a&;ukdaqG;aEG;tajz&Sm&efrjzpfEdkif[laomtcsufrSm rSefuefouJhokd@ 'Drkdua&pD&&Sd+yDqkd±kHESihf
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jyemukd ajz&Si;f +y;D jzpfvrrnf? ok@d r[kwf tvG,wulajz&Si;f I &Edivrhf
d
d hf
f
kf d
rnf[k ,lqIvnf;r&Ediay? ESpaygi;f &Sn=f umpGmwnf&vmcJaomjyemukd tajccHusus
kf
f
dS
h
ok;H oyf+yD; tðyoabmjzifh pdw&nvuf&nf tcse,l ajz&Si;f &ef vktyfayonf? 'Drua&pDtif
f S f
S
d f
d
dk
tm;pkrsm;taeESihf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jyemukd 'Drua&pD&+yD;rSajz&Si;f rnf[k oabmrxm;
d
dk
oifovk/d wki;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;uvnf; wki;f &if;om;jyemrsm;ajz&Si;f +y;D rS 'Drua&pDta&;
h
d
d
dk
óu;d yrf;rnf[Ivnf; oabmrxm;oifay? ,cktcserpI wwfEior# avhvmaqG;aEG;+y;D 'Dru
l
h
dfS
kd f
dk
a&pDa&;óud;yrf;aepOfumvwGif wki;f &if;om; jyemukvnf; ajz&Si;f &ef óud;yrf;oifayonf?
d
d
h
13?
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESiywfoufI avhvmok;H oyfcsO;f uyf&mwGif vufawGŒ
d
fh
qef+yD; ,xmblwus&efvtyfayonf? wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jyemonf e,fcsŒJ wk@d . aoG;cGJ
dk
d
tkycsKyfjcif;oufoufa=umifh jzpf&onf[k a,bk,so;Hk oyfrnfqygu rSeuefr&Eirnfr[kwf
f
kd
f
_ dS kd f
ay? wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.jyemukd avhvmok;H oyfonftcg “rD;&Srom rD;ck;d xGuonf” [k
d
h
dS
f
qkouJo@dk jyifyoufa&mufronf t"durusb/J twGi;f tajccHta=umif;t&if;om y"meus
d h
_
onfudk tckitrmawGŒ&ayonf?
df
14?
&Sr;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u,m;/ csi;f ponfh wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ukd +Adwo#e,fcsŒJ wk@d u
d
d
aoG;cGtycsKyconf? aoG;xk;d ay;cJonf? xk@d a=umihf wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnwr_ ysujf ym;cJ&onf
J k f f hJ
h
d
G f
h
[k a,bk,sorki;f tjrifjzifh ok;H oyfajymqkavh&=dS uonf? Tok‹d qv#if &ckivrsKd ;/ rGevrsKd ;rsm;eSihf
fd
d
dk
df l
f l
vlO;D a&trsm;qk;H jzpfonfh ArmvlrsKd ;wk@d . Ediia&;/ vlrsKd ;a&;qki&mtcGita&;rsm;ESifh qufpyf
kfH
df
hf
ay:ayguc&aomjyemukd qef;ppf=unf=h uygp@dk ? &ckiEirevrsKd ;rsm;onf a&S;ya0o%Dacwf
f hJ
d f S hf G f l
uyif/ òrdŒjyEdiirsm;ESifh ya'o&mZftifyg,mrsm;ukyifxaxmifI uk,x;D / uk,eef;/ uk,=hf uiSe;f
kfH
d l
d hf
d hf
d
jzifaexkic=hJ uaom vlrsKd ;rsm;jzpf=uonf? &Sn=f umaomorki;f a=umif;ESifh pmay,Ofaus;r_ tarG
h df
d
tESprsm;jynfpaom vlrsKd ;rsm;vnf; jzpf=uonf? ya'o&mZfacwfwif ya'o&mZf tm%mcsŒJ
f
h Hk
G
xGijf cif; taejzifh ArmvlrsKd ;ya'o&mZfrsm;ESifh tjyeftvSef e,fajrodr;f ykucsŒJ xGirrsm;&Sc=hJ u
d f
f _ d
onf? ukvee,fcsŒJ pHepf ay:ayguvmaomtcg &ckiEihf rGevrsKd ;rsm;onf t*Fvye,fcsŒJ vuf
d dk D
f
df S f l
d f
atmufo@dk tapmqk;H usa&mufc=hJ uonf? e,fcsŒJ qef@usia&;/ zufqpfwuzsua&; wkuyumv
f
dk f f
d f JG
wav#mufwivnf; &ckiacgi;f aqmif/ rGeacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf Armacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESifh vufw+JG y;D
Gf
df
f
vGwvyfa&;&onftxd óu;d yrf;wkuy0ifc=hJ uonf? rdrvrsKd ;ta&;ESihf rdrjd ynfe,fta&;ukd t"du
f
d f JG
d l
rxm;bJ jrefrmEdiiv;Hk qki&m ygwtzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpf=uaom 0kitrfbat/ 'k@d Armtpnf;t±k;H
kfH
df
D
df
D
(ociftzGŒJ tpnf;) ESifh zqyv/ Auy/ ponfh tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;wGif wufwufºuºG uG yg0ifvyaqmif
kf
207

208. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
cJ=h uonf?
15?
ok@d &mwGif aemufyi;f Y &ckitrsKd ;om;rsm;u “&ckiwi;f &if;om; nDnwa&;ygw/D (&dk
df
d f dk
G f
w-n)”/ rGevrsKd ;rsm;uvnf; “(rGejf ynfoŒl wyfO;D )” ygwrsm;ukwnfaxmif+y;D jynfe,f&&Sa&;ESifh
f l
D
d
d
vlrsKd ;qki&mtcGita&;rsm;twGuf pnf;±k;H v_y&m;vmcJonfuawGŒ&ayonf? aemufyi;f wGif vuf
df
hf
fS
h
dk
dk
eufpuiawmfverrsm;&Svmonfuvnf; awGŒ&ayonf? Tok@d jzpf&jcif;rSm tb,fa=umifenf;?
JG dk f
Sf_ d
dk
h
Ttjzpftysursm;ukd rnfonforki;f q&m ESifh rnfonfEiia&;orm;rsm;urS +Awo#e,fcsŒJ wd@k .
f
h d
h kd f H
d d
aoG;xk;d ay;jcif;a=umifjh zpf&onf[k rok;H oyfEiay?
kd f
16?
xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. vlrsKd ;a&;jyemukajz&Si;f &ef csO;f uyfavhvm
kfH
d
onftcg tESpf (50) ausmu pGuyfvmcJaom a,bk,sordi;f tjrifr#jzihf csO;f uyfo;Hk oyf±jHk zifh
h
f J
h
k
rjynfprvkavmufEiay? jrefrmEdii&dS wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. yuwdtajctaersm;ESifh EdiiH
h Hk H
kd f
kfH d
kf
wume,fy,fwif jzpfay:ajymif;vJrrsm;ukyg aygi;f pyf/ òcHiHk ok;H oyf&ef vktyfvmonf? tb,f
G
_
d
d
a=umifqygrl wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.jyemonf ya'o&mZfacwfrpcJaom taxGaxGe,fcsŒJ
h dk
d
S h
pepf. trsKd ;om;a&;jyemESifh wpkw&mqufpyfaejcif;a=umifjh zpfayonf?
H
17?
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii&dS wki;f &if;om;jynfotaygi;f wd@k onf ukvee,fcsŒJ pepf/ zufqpf
kfH d
l
d dk D
pepf/ wygwtm%m&Sipepf wk@d udk vufeufuiawmfvea&;ESifh vlxwuyrsKd ;pkqifEum tEdi,l
D
f
fdk f
Sf
k dk f JG H J$
kf
cJ=h uayonf? ,ckwzef ppftycsKyfa&;pepfq;dk jzifh óuHawGŒum vlr'ursKd ;pkudk cg;pnf;cHpm;ae=u
kf
_k Q H
&ay&m vlŒtcGita&;/ 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;ukd qENjyif;jypGmwrf;wv#u&=dS uayonf? ok@d &m
hf
dk
hf
f
wGif qEN&ae±kjH zifh rvkavmufay? “OpPm&ifv/dk OpPm&ifc” qkouJo@dk wki;f &if;om;jynfotaygi;f
dS
H
J d h
d
l
onf r+y;D qk;H ao;aom 'Drua&pDa&;twGuf wcJeuf 0di;f 0ef;óu;d yrf;=u&ayOD;rnf? wenf; tm;jzifh
dk
k
r+yD;qk;H ao;aom 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD;ukd Ediia&;ygwrsm;.OD;aqmifrj_ zihf jynfow&yfv;Hk
dk
kfH
D
l
vufwum atmifyu&,l=u&rnf? orki;f wGif xl;jcm;ajymifajrmufaom ajymif;vJr}_ uD; rsm;ESifh
JG
JG dk
d
atmifjrifrrsm;onf vlxwuyrsm;jzifom t+y;D owfatmify&cJonfuawGŒ&ayrnf? xk@d a=umifh
_
k dk f JG
h
JG h
dk
vlr'ut00rSvwajrmufa&;/ 'Drua&pDxe;f um;aom jynfaxmifp}k uD; ay:ayguvma&;t
_ k Q
G f
dk
G
f
wGuf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfO;D aqmifaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f zGŒJ pnf;xm;aom
dk
kfH
D
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDEihf tjynft0yg0ifvufw+JG y;D qufvufóu;d yrf; tm;xkw=f u
f
kd f
S
h
&efvtyfonf?
dk
18?
(u) jrefrmEdiiwif 1962 ckEpf Y wyfrawmfrtm%modr;f ,l+yD;cserpI 'Drua&pD
kfH G
S
S
d f S
dk
qdwoO;f cJ&jcif;a=umifh &[ef;/ &Siv/l wki;f &if;om;jynfotaygi;f wk@d onf rw&m;zdEytyp;dk r_udk
f k h
f
d
l
dS f k f
wGe;f vSe+f y;D / 'Drua&pD xGe;f um;wk;d wufa&;twGuf enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh v_y&m;wkuy0ifc=hJ uonf?
dk
f S d f JG
xif&m;aom v_y&m;r_rsm;rSm ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;;rsm;/ r_i;f &mjynfh ta&;tcif;ESihf OD;oef@
S
f S
d
ta&;tcif;/ tvkyorm;ta&;tcif;/ (88) vlxtºHk uGr_ ta&;awmfy}Hk uD;wk@d jzpf=uonf?
f
k
(c) (88)ta&;tcif;a=umifh wygwtm%m&Sitpk;d &ðywfuscI jynfow@dk .qENt&
D
f
hJ
l
208

209. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
ygwpudk xlaxmifciay;cJ&+y;D jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyudk ðyvkyay;cJ=h u&onf? od@k &mwGif
D Hk
G hf h
f
JG
f
jynfow@dk a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufcaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;&rnfh jynfoŒl v$wf
l
f
hJ
f
dk f
f
h
awmfuac:,lay;&ef jiif;qefaejcif;jzifh jynfow@kd .qENudk rsuu,ðf yvsu&ayonf? wzufwif
dk
l
f G
f dS
G
wyfrawmfonf tm%mukd “a&&Snf xde;f odr;f qkwuixm;vkonfh qENr&Syg” [k ajym=um;ae
f dk f
d
d
aomfvnf; wjcm;wzufwirl trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyEifh 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ukd trsKd ;rsKd ;
Gf
dk
f S dk
tzkzHk enf;rsKd ;pkjH zihf zdEycsKyfcs,f +cr;f ajcmufum ajcr_e;f vkaomqENjzifh vkyaqmifvsu&jdS cif;onf
H
dS f
d
d
f
f
tm%mukvufrv$wvIjzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
d
f kd
kfH
df
(Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp) tm%mykirsm;onf 0HyavGudk ok;d a&jzifh
kfH
D
df
k
zk;H tkyonfyrm ppftycsKyfa&;ukd 'Drua&pDòcHvmjzihz;Hk tkyv#uf qufvufzEytycsKyfae=u
f h
k f
dk
$ f
f
d dS f k f
onf? ok@d &mwGif orki;f qki&mtawGŒtóuHrsm;t& rnfo@dk r#rjzpfEiawmhay?
d fd f
kd f
19?
,ae@ jynfow@dk . vufawGŒb0rSm qk;d 0g;=uyfwnf;aom 'kutzkzEihf &ifqióf uHawG@
l
Q H Hk S
dk
ae=u&ojzifh yGivif;oGuvufaom aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;pepfudk ar#mvifawmifwae=u&m/ T
fh
f
f
f h
h
tajctaeESirukunaom Ediia&;pepfq;dk ukd wGe;f vSef zsuq;D =urnfrm "rRwmomjzpfayonf?
fh d f D
kfH
f
S
TonfudkodvsufESifh wZGwfxkd;[ef@wm;ae=urnfqdkygu/ [ef@wm;ae=uolrsm;onfom
orki;f w&m;cHrsm;jzpf=u&ayvdrrnf? tm%mykiw@dk onf tm%mukrrufarmonfyrm/ y&d,m,f
d
hf
df
d
h
a00kpjf zifh ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum jynforsm;ukomru urBmukygvrvnfvnzsm;&ef óud;pm;
l
d
d df
S hf
tm;xkw=f uaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyusi;f yay;cJ+h y;D (9) ESpwm tcsetxd/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:
JG
f
df
f
,lusi;f yay;jcif;r&Sojzifh tm%mydiw@dk .o±kyreonf bl;ay:ovkay:vmcJ&ayonf?
d
kf
f S f
d
h
20?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEifh 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;onf
dk
S dk
d
D
vGeconfh (1998)ckEptxd/ (8)ESpwiwif wki;f &if;om;jynfow@dk . tusKd ;ESifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnf
f hJ
Sf
f dk f dk d
l
oifjh rwfa&;wk@d udk a&S@±vsuf awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tm%mykiw@dk tm; t}udr}f udrf wkuwe;f cJay
_
Hk
df
d f G h
onf? ok@d &mwGif tm%mykiw@dk u ,if;udpw@dk udk vspvsL±_+yD; tzGŒJ csKyfrS awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ukd
df
P
f
H
rvkvm;oa,mif tzGŒJ csKyfa=umihf awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&; ysujf ym;&ouJo@dk ajymqkd 0g'jzef@vsuf
d
H
h
&d=S uonf? wzefvwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuzsuor;f ay;ygu zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;ukd v$way;+y;D
$ f
dk f
dk f d
f
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;vnf; jzpfay:vmEdiouJo@dk ajymqkvmjyefonf? trSerm tzGŒJ csKyfEitwl
H
kf h
d
f S
S hf
wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;onf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf tem*wfzŒHG òzd;wk;d wufaom jynf
d
D
axmifp}k u;D ukwnfaqmuf&efrm awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;jzihomajz&Si;f Edirnfudk tpOfwpkuf ,k=H unfchJ
d
S
H
f
kf
d
+y;D a=unmcsursm;ukvnf; t}ur}f urxwjf yefconfukd wki;f &if;om;jynforsm; omru/ urBmu
f
d
d df k
hJ
d
l
yiftodjzpfonf? Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpuomv#if tm%mukvufr
kfH
D
d
v$wvojzifh ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum [ef@wm;aejcif;jzpfonf?
f dk
21?
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;qk&mYvnf; txufatmufqufqa&;oabm/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS rnfol
H
d
H
awGomyg&rnf/ rnforyg&[lI trde‹f ay;onfoabmrsKd ;rjzpfoifay? awGŒqkaqG;aEG;&eftwGuf
l
h
h
H
rdrw@dk .uk,pm;vS,udk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vGwvyfpma&G;cs,ci&&ayrnf? ta&;
d
d f
f
dk
f
G
f G hf dS
209

210. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
}u;D onftcsurm ESpO;D ESpzufonf wki;f &if;om;jynfow@dk .tusKd ;uka&SŒ±_+y;D tðyoabmaqmif
h
fS f f
d
l
d
aom/ r#waom/ vuf&jdS ynfow@dk . pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&; ponfw@dk udk ajz&Si;f vkaom
l
_
d
pdwaumif;apwemrSersm;yg&=Sd u&ef tvGeta&;}u;D ayonf? ,ae@tcseY Ediiwume,fy,fwif
f
f
f
df kfH
G
jzpfay:ajymif;vJw;dk wufaeaom orki;f ocFe;f pmrsm;ukvnf;,l+y;D apwemrSejf zifom ajz&Si;f =urnf
d
d
h
qkygu ajz&Si;f Ir&Ediaomjyemonfr&SEi? r&Soifay? Tonfukd wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;ESihf
d
kf
d kd f d h
d
D
tjcm;'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;uvnf; wkuwe;f awmif;qkae=uovk/d jynfotrsm;uvnf;
dk
d f G
d
l
vlr'ut00ukd cg;pnf;cH&if; awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;rSwqifh ay:xGe;f vmrnfh 'Drua&pDacwfopfudk
_k Q
H
dk
ar#mvifawmifwvsuf &S=d uayonf? urBmEiitoD;oD;ESihf urBmh ukvor*~tzJŒG csKyf }u;D uvnf;
f h
h
h kd f H
'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wki;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizòHG zd;a&;
dk
d
kfH
hf
aumifpw@dk yg0ifaom (ok;H yGiqi) awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ukom xyfumxyfum wkuwe;f v#u&=dS u
D
hf dk f
H
d
d f G
f
ayonf?
22?
Tod@k tm;jzifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;
dk
S kfH
aumifpw@dk y%mrawGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;rSonf ok;H yGiqiaqG;aEG;a&;ok‹d wqifwuf+yD; 'Drua&pD
D
H
hf dk f
h
dk
xGe;f um;aomacwfopfqo@dk av#mufvr;f =uyg&ef Tae&mrS xyfavmif;wkuwe;f vku&ayonf?
D
S
d f G d f
23?
(u) ,ae@ jrefrmEdiiwif trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wrudk rwnfaqmufEijf cif;a=umifh
kfH G
G f_
kd
Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;rsm;yg ,k,i;f usqif;vsu&ayonf? wrsKd ;om;vk;H rSmvnf;
kfH
_
d G
f dS
tvGeq;dk &Gm;aomt=uyftwnf;}uD;ESihf &ifqióf uHawGŒae=u&ayonf? Tt=uyftwnf;ukd
f
dk
ajz&Si;f Eki&eftwGuf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;ukd vktyfvayonf? trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD
df
G f
d
S
!Gwa&;ukwnfaqmufvv#if rSeuefaomtrsKd ;om;a&;vkyief;pOf&&rnf? ,ae@orki;f acwf.
f
d
dk
f
f
dS
d
wdusaom trsKd ;om;a&;vkyief;pOfrm 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;ESifh wki;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;
f
S dk
G
d
jzpfonf? jrefrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDqwoO;f vsu&onf? xd@k a=umifh vlxtºHk uGr}_ uD;ay:ayguf
k f H G dk
d f k
f dS
k
vmcJonf? vlxtºHk uGruta=umif;ðyI wygwtm%m&Sipepfðywfus+yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmf
h
k
_ kd
D
f
f
a&G;aumufyudk usi;f yay;cJaomfvnf; a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfh (9) ESpumvwkiatmif jynfoŒl v$wf
JG
h
f
df
awmfukd ac:,lay;jcif; r&Scay?
d hJ
(c) xk@d a=umihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfuac:,lay;a&;onf ,ae@jyemt00ukajz&Si;f Ekif
f
dk
d
d
a&;twGuf aomhcsujf zpfonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif ,ae‹jzpfay:aeaomtajctaet&yf&yfEihf
f
G
S
ukunaom trsKd ;om;a&;vkyief;pOfudk ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;ndEi;f =ujcif;jzifom csrwEijf cif;
d f D
f
‡ d_
h
S f dk
jzpfayonf? wki;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;rSmvnf; wki;f &if;om;aygi;f pkyg0ifonfh 'Drua&pDus
d
d
H
dk
+y;D / yGivif;aom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHw&yfuusi;f yay;Eki&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfYom ta=utvnf
hf
dk
df
f
aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwfoifayonf? Tvkyief;pOfrsm;ukd taumiftxnfaz:Ekia&;twGu/f trsKd ;om;'Drdk
h
f
df
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpw@dk y%mr awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;
S dfH
fh
D
H
rSonf ok;H yGiqiawGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ukd OD;wnfoifayonf? awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjyeftvSef
hf dk f
H
h
H
av;pm;r_/ odum&Srj_ zihf tjrefq;Hk pwifoifayonf? ok@d rom wrsKd ;om;vk;H onf urBmtv,fwif
Q d
h
S
h
f G
*k%oum&S&dS 0ifx,fEirnf jzpfayonf?
f d Q d h
dk f
210

211. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(awGŒqkHaqG;aEG;a&;ESihfjynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,la&;acgif;pOfESihf a}unmcsufwapmif
xkwjf yefxm;onf)
24?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. 1988 ckEpf nDvmcH.qk;H jzwfcsursm;ESifh A[ktvkytr_
dk
S
f
d
f
aqmiftzGŒJ . vkyaqmifcsursm;ukd wifjyoGm;rnf?
f
f
(u) 1998 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif tzGŒJ csKyf. ygwptaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (8)
S
G
D Hk
ESpajrmuf/ ESpywfvnfnvmcHuusi;f yEkiconf? ygwnvmcHudk tcuftcJ/ tusytwnf;
f
f
D
dk
d f hJ
D D
f
trdsd K;rsKd ;=um;rS usi;f ycJ&aomfvnf;/ ta&;}uD;aomEkiia&;qk;H jzwfcsursm;ukd csrwEiconf?
h
dfH
f
S f dk f hJ
qk;jzwfcsufrsm;
H
(1) v$wawmfac:&rnfaemufq;Hk ae@&ufuowfrw+f yD; tm%mykirsm;tm;today;&rnfh
f
h
dk
S
df
udprsm;ukd TnDvmcH}u;D u A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ tm; r=umrD&uftwGi;f aqmif
P
d
f
&Gu&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
f
(2) jynfovxqENEitnD/ 'Drua&pDenf;vrf;rsm;t& a&;qGtwnfðyxm;jcif;r&Saom
l l k
S hf
dk
J
d
zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'w&yfudk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vufcrnfr[kwf
f Hk
dk
H
a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
(3) 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'fudk vspvsL±_I aemifa&G;aumufytopfrsm;usi;f yjcif;
hS
JG
f
JG
ukd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vk;H 0vufcrnfr[kwa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
dk
H
f
(4) EkdifiHawmfjyemt&yf&yfukdajz&Sif;Ekdifrnfh ppfrSefaomEkdifiHa&;awGŒqkHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;
jzpfajrmufa&;twGu/f tzGŒJ csKyfu tpOft+rJvrf;zGixm;a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
hf
(5) tzGŒJ csKyf. vkyief;aqmifwmt00ukaqmif&uEi&ef tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ ESihf taxGaxGt
f
d
G f dk f
wGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tm; tyfEi;f xm;aomvkyyiciudk qufvuftyfEi;f a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
S
f dk f G hf
S
(c) Tqk;H jzwfcsursm;teuf ta&;t}uD;qk;H qk;H jzwfcsurm trSwf (1) jzpfaom
f
f S
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfoufonfh qk;H jzwfcsujf zpfonf? ‚if;qk;H jzwfcsut& A[ktvkyf
f
fh
f
d
tr_aqmiftzGŒJ ukwm0efay;cJonfwif A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ onf qk;H jzwfcsucsrwum/
d
h
G
d
f
f S f
‚if;qk;H jzwfcsut& ZGev (23) &ufae@wif tm%mykirsm;ok@d &ufaygi;f (60) twGi;f jynfoŒl v$wf
f
f
G
df
awmfac:,lusi;f yay;&ef ta=umif;=um;cJonf? xk@d jyif v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfoufI wki;f &if;
h
f
fh
d
om;ygwD (4) ygwEifh ndEi;f aqG;aEG;+yD; oabmwlnru&Ekiconf? xkenf;wlpm Akvr;_ atmif
D S ‡ d_
D _ dk d f hJ
d
G d f
OD;aqmifaom 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESivnf;awGŒqkI Tudpudk &Si;f vif;today;cJonf?
dk
fh
H
P
h
(*) Tok@d jynfoŒl v$wawmfudk taumif;qk;H enf;jzihf atmifjrifpmusi;f yEdia&;twGuf
f
G
kf
óud;yrf;tm;xkwaepOf tm%mykiw@dk onf &ufaygi;f (60) ausmonfwiatmif jynfoŒl v$wf
f
df
f h dk f
awmfac:,la&;ESiywfouf+yD; wpkw&mta=umif;jyef=um;csur&Sonftjyif jynfoŒl v$wawmf
fh
H
f d h
f
uk,pm;vS,f (200) ausmEifh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0iftajrmuftrsm;/ wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;rS acgi;f
d f
f S
d
D
aqmifrsm;ESihf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ukd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;jzifh Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
f
dk f
f
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp.Zmwd±yudk az:xkwjf ycJ=h uayonf?
D
k f
211

212. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(C) rnfo@kd yifjzpfap tzGŒJ csKyfA[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ onf (98) nDvmcHray;tyf
d
f
S
aomwm0ef/ jynfow@dk . tusKd ;ESiqENudk tav;xm;+y;D ckirmaomqk;H jzwfcsujf zifh wki;f &if;om;
l
hf
df
d
(4) ygw. uk,pm;vS,Eifh yl;aygi;f n‡Ei;f +yD; v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDudk w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;
D d f
f S
d d_
f
dk f
cJonf? 16-9-98 ae@wif zGŒJ pnf;cJonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf tzGŒJ csKyfrS
h
G
h
f
dk f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
f
d
D
f
kd f
(251) OD;wk@d . ay;tyfxm;aomvkyyicirsm;t& w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
f dk f G hf
(i) ‚if;aumfrwDudk zGŒJ pnf;+y;D aemuf TaumfrwDonf acwfEihf rqDavsmaom jynfol
S
f
wk@d .tusKd ;udqef@usiaom Oya'rsm;ukd jyifqifoifujyifqif/ y,fzsuoifuy,fzsu&ef qk;H jzwf
k
f
h
f h
f
csursm;wifoi;f jcif;ESihf tm%mykirsm;. w&m;vufvwðf yrlaqmif&uaeonfuprsm;ukd zGics
f
G
df
G
G f
h dP
fh
az:xkw+f yD; trsm;jynforsm;odEiap&ef a=unmcsursm;xkwjf yefjcif; ponfvyief;rsm;ukd t
l
dk f
f
h k f
aumiftxnfaz:cJonf? ‚if;tjyif 'DZifbm (8) &ufae@wif (10) OD; aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;usi;f
h
G
y+yD; ‚if;tpnf;ta0;.qk;H jzwfcsut& v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;ukzŒJG pnf;cJonf? xko@kd
f
f
d
h
d
zGŒJ pnf;&jcif;rSm oufqi&ma&;&maumfrwDtvkuf us,us,jf yef@jyef@aqmif&uEif &eftwGujf zpf
dk f
d
f
G f dk
onf?
25?
(u) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:
dk
dk
G
f
aygua&;óu;d yrf;r_wavsmufv;Hk wGif wki;f &if;om;ygwrsmESifh txl;ojzifh wki;f &if;om;tzGŒJ csKyfeifh
f
d
D
d
S
yl;aygi;f aqmif&uEi&ef/ ygwxaxmifpOfuyif tpOfwpkuóf u;d yrf;cJayonf? Tod@k óu;d yrf;&jcif;
G f kd f
D l
d
h
rSm jrefrmEdii. vuf&dS Ekiia&;tajctaet& t"duus+yD; vufiif;ajz&Si;f &rnfh trsKd ;om;a&;
kfH
dfH
wm0efrm 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;ESifh wki;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;jzpfaejcif;a=umifjh zpfonf?
S dk
G
d
(c) tzGŒJ csKyfygwwnfaxmif+y;D aemufyi;f wGivnf; wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;/ wki;f &if;om;
D
dk
f
d
D
d
tzGŒJ csKyfru,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf t}udr}f udraqG;aEG;ndEi;f r_rsm;&Scovkd 'Drua&pDa&;/ wef;wla&;
S dk f
f
f
‡ d_
d hJ
dk
tajccHjzifh Akvatmifausmvrf;yl;wGa=unmcsuwivnf; xkwjf yefEicayonf? 1999 ckEpwif
d f
f
J
f Gf
dk f hJ
Sf G
vnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u&mrS &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
f
f
G f
fd
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ ESifh Zkr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf
d f D dk
f
dk
d
f
ponfh wki;f &if;om;ygwD (4) ygwEifh 'Drua&pDa&;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;wef;wla&;ESifh tem*wf
d
D S dk
d
wGif ppfreaom'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpuzŒJG pnf;ekia&;[laom tajccHray:wGioabmwl+yD; yl;
S f
dk
k dk
df
l
f
aygi;f aqmif&uei=f ujcif;vnf;jzpfonf? Tok@d jzifh 'Drua&pDa&;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;r_um
G f dk
dk
vwGif vGwvyfa&;&+yD;umvaemufyi;f rajz&Si;f Ediao;aom wki;f &if;om;jyemukd tpOfw
f
dk
kf
d
pkuaqG;aEG;!dEi;f cGi&jcif; ponftcGitvrf;rsm;ukziay;Ekic+hJ y;D ordi;f .vufiif;vktyfcsuudk
d f
‡ d_ hf
h fh
d G hf d f
k
d
f
jznfqnf;ay;Edijf cif;vnf;rnfayonf?
h
k
26?
xkenf;wlpm tjcm;aom ygwrsm;/ 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESivnf; toGio¾mef
d
G
D
dk
fh
f
trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh vufwJG yl;aygi;f aqmif&uEia&;ukd qufvufóud;yrf;tm;xkw=f u&ayrnf?
G f kd f
27?
212
uk,usKd ;=unh0g'rsm;ESihf ygwpnf;±k;H a&;ESiywfoufI wifjyoGm;rnf?
d f
f D
D
fh

213. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(u) 1999 ckEpwif tm%mykirsm;onf zdEyrt&mwGif tpGr;f ukevyaqmifvmcJh
S f G
df
dS f _
f k f
onf? zdEy+f cdr;f ajcmufrrsKd ;pkjH zifvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyf0if
dS
_
h
f
kd f
f
rsm;ESi/fh wki;f &if;om;ygwrsm;ukyg ±ki;f yspmqufqvmcJonf? aemufyi;f wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
D
d d G
H h
dk
f
ud,pm;vS,f (200) ausmtjyif tzGŒJ csKyf0iftajrmuftjrm;ESihf wki;f &if;om;ygwacgi;f aqmifrsm;
k f
f
d
D
ukygzrf;qD;cJ+h yD;/ òrdŒe,ftzGŒJ csKyf±;Hk rsm;ukvnf; trsKd ;rsKd ;+cdr;f ajcmufum w&m;r0ifzsuor;f cJ=h u
d
d
f d
onf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ukvnf; zdtm;ay;+y;D E_wxuapjcif;ESihf rE_wxuonfh
f
kd f
f
d
f G f
f G f
uk,pm;vS,rsm;ukd a'ocHjynforsm;tm;+cdr;f ajcmuf+yD; raxmufca=umif;[pfatmfapcJonf?
d f
f
l
H
h
Tok@d jzifh Ekiia&;&moDOwktajctaerSm jyif;xef&mrS rkewi;f xefonfyrm&Sconf?
dfH
f dk
h
d hJ
(c) TuJo@dk aomtajctaersKd ;wGif Ekiia&;ygwrsm;wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sonfh obm0
h
dfH
D
d
twki;f / tcsKd Œaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;wGif uk,usKd ;=unftawG;tac:ESihf tacsmiform;0g' 0ifa&mufy;l
d
d f
h
uyfvmonf? Tolrsm;rSm tzGŒJ csKyf twki;f twmjzif=h unfygv#if tvGeao;i,fonfh rajymy
d
h
f
avmufaom tpdwtyki;f omjzpfayonf? ok@d &mwGif rnfr#yif ao;i,fapumrl raumif;aom
f d
aoG;wpufyifjzpfygap/ a&m*gudk zdwac:vmEkiojzifh z,f&m;oef@pif=u&ayrnf? ‚if;jyif tzGŒJ csKyrS
f
df
S
f
ukipxm;onfh rSeuefonfr0g' (jynfoŒl tusKd ;zufr&yfwnfonf0g')ESihf uk,usKd ;=unf0g'ukd
d f JG
f
hl
S
h
d f
h
jynforsm; uGujJG ym;jym;odatmif zGicsaz:xkw&ayrnf? uk,usKd ;ukO;D pm;ay;olrsm;onf tzGŒJ
l
J
hf
f
fd f
d
csKyfrjS ynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf óud;yrf;tm;xkwrrsm;ukd rSm;oa,mif tm%m
f
f
f _
ykiw@dk .avoHtwki;f ajymqka&;om;vm=uonf?
df
d
d
(*) ‚if;wk@d .qENt&qkygv#if tm%mykiw@dk u v$wawmfac:,lray;rcsi;f (8) ESpronf
d
df
f
fS
tESpf (80) wkiatmif apmif=h u&rnfyay:onf? òrd@e,ftzGŒJ rsm;zsuor;f cH&jcif;/ v$wawmfu,f
df
h Hk
f d
f
dk
pm;vS,rsm;E_wxujf cif;/ zrf;qD;cH&jcif;ukvnf; tzGŒJ csKyf. rSm;,Gi;f aomvky&yfa=umifjh zpf&
f
f G
d
f
onf[pypxm;onf// trSerm tzGŒJ csKyf.vky&yfonf jynfoŒl qENEiuunojzifh rrSm;ay?
k G f JG
f S
f
S hf dk f D
tm%mykiw@dk .vky&yfonfom “0HyavG ESifh ok;d i,fyjHk yifv/dk rif;r[kw&if rif;taz/ rif;tbk;d
df
f
k
f
jzpf&rnf” [laomrljzifh ,cifzsuor;f cH&+yD;aomEkiia&;ygwrsm;ukd ðyrlaqmif&uovkd aqmif
f d
dfH
D
G f
&Gujf cif;omjzpfonfudk uk,usKd ;ukO;D pm;ay;olrsm;odoifayonf//
d f
d
h
(C) ‚if;tjyif jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfouf+yD; w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom
f
fh
wki;f &if;om;yg wDwygwu/ “jynfoŒl v$wawmfudk tm%mykirsm;uac:,lonfjzpfap/ tzGŒJ csKyu
d
D
f
df
f
ac:,lonfjzpfap/ rnfouyifac:ac: wufa&muf&rnfwm0ef u|eawmfw@dk rm&Sygw,f” [lI
l
h
f
S d
t}ur}f urajym=um;cJonfudk rodygbv#uf “w&m;0ifygwtoD;oD;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ tpnf;tm;
d df
h
J
D
vk;H wk@d onf/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS rdrtpDtpOfjzifh v$wawmfac:,la&;tpm; Ediiawmftpk;d &ESifh tzGŒJ csKyfw@dk
d
f
kfH
awGŒqknEi;f um tajz&Smr_wckudk ar#mvifae=uonf?” [lI a&;om;az: jyjcif;onf jynfow@dk .
H ‡d _d
f h
l
oabmqENEifh tjcm;ygwrsm;.oabmqENurod[efaqmifI ud,v&mqG+J yD; vdrvnfvnhf
S
D
dk
k f dk
f
S
zsm;vdaom Ekiia&;upm;orm;wk@d . o±kyo¾mefrm yDjyifvayonf? 'Drua&pDa&;xuf rdrw@dk .
k
dfH
f
S
S
dk
d
rdom;pka&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ oufomacsmifcsa&;wk@d udk tav;xm;olrsm;onf jynfow@dk .'%fcwf
d
l
jcif;ukc=H u&ayrnf? tzGŒJ csKyrmrl jynfoŒl qENEiuunaomrl0g'ukpuiI jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:
d
fS
S fh dk f D
d JG dk f
f
aygua&;ESihf 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;twGuf qufvufcswuf&if; atmifyc&rnfomjzpfayonf?
f
dk
G
D
JG H
213

214. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
28?
(u) ,ae@tcsetcgwif tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh 'Drua&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGita&;/ wki;f &if;om;
df
G
dk
hf
d
vlrsKd ;rsm;tcGita&;rsm;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&u&if; rdrygwwi;f Y A[kronf òrŒd e,f/
hf
G f
d D G
dS
&yf§aus; rsm;wkiatmif tzGŒJ csKyf. vuf&r0g'ESifh vkyief;pOfrsm;twki;f / trsKd ;om;a&;ukO;D xdyf
df
dS l
f
d
d
xm;+yD; pnf;vk;H nD!wpmjzifh &yfwnf=u&ayrnf? pnf;±k;H a&;ukvnf; aZmufcs vky=f u&rnf?
G f G
d
pnf;±k;H a&;vky&mwGif ygwwi;f uspvpfoyonf;r_utajccH+y;D wjynfv;Hk twki;f twmESifh us,f
f
D G
f
df
dk
d
jyef@ap&rnf? qdvonfrm ygw.tajccHtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ukd uspuspvpfvpfzŒJG pnf;&rnfjzpf+yD;
k kd
S
D
f f
jynfovxurl us,us,jf yef@jyef@pnf;±k;H &ayrnf?
l l k dk
f
(c) tzGŒJ csKyf. vuf&dS ukipaomrl0g'onf rSeuef+y;D jynfoŒl qENEiuunjD cif;a=umifh
d f JG
f
S hf dk f
jynfow@dk .axmufcrudk qufvuf&&Saernfjzpfayonf? jynfotrsm;axmufcaeor#umv
l
H_
d
l
H
ywfv;Hk tm%mykirsm;u rnfr#yif ZGwtwif;toGijf zifh òzzsu&ef óu;d pm;tm;xkwvmonfjzpf
df
f
d f
f
ap/ tzGŒJ csKyonf rusq;Hk / rysup;D Edionftjyif ykrrma=umvm+y;D cHEi&nf&um/ r=umaomum
f
f kf h
d dk
kd f dS
vwGif atmifyc&rnfrm rkcsjzpfayonf?
JG H
S
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,kevqef; (13) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (27) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 34 (5§99)
(awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;)
H
f
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjf ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ckEiiH
dk
f
dfH
df
dk f
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifp[k trnfajymif;xm;onf) ESihf awGŒqkaqG;aEG;&ef
fh
D
H
udpudk 1988 ckEprpI ,ae@wif tpOftqufrjywf óu;d yrf;tm;xkwaqmif&uaecJonf? wki;f
P
SfS
dk
f
G f h
d
jynfEiwi;f oljynfom;rsm;. tusKd ;jzpfxe;f Ekirnfup&yfrsm;ukd awGŒqkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifom
S fh dk
G df h d P
H
h
taumiftxnfaz: ekirnf[k trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu pG+J rJpm,k=H unfonf?
df
dk
G
214

215. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
2?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf onf awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;udpudk 1988 ckEprpI ,ae@wif
dk
H
P
SfS
dk
aoGznfjcif;/ [ef@wm;jcif;/ qef@usijf cif;/ ydwyifjcif;/ vk;H 0 r&Scay? ppfreaom Ekiia&;aqG;aEG;yGJ
f
d hJ
Sf
dfH
rsm;.vuQ%m&yfrsm;rSm tjyeftvSefav;pm;r_/ yGifhvif;±kd;om;r_/ wkdif;jynfESihf jynfolwkd@.
tusKd ;ukd a&S;&_jcif;wk@d jzpfayonf? TuJo@dk aomaqG;aEG;yGrsm;jzpfay:vmap&ef trsKd ;om;'Dru
h
J
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rnfonfóh udwifuef@owfcsursm;ukrS owfrwxm;jcif;rðyvkycyg?
f
d
S f
f hJ
3?
tzGŒJ csKyf. taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ‚if;.aetdrwif 1989
f G
ckEp/f Zlviv (20) &ufae@rpI tus,csKyfcsxm;aeqJtcsewivnf; tzGŒJ csKyftaeESihf awGŒqkH
S
dk f
S
f
df Gf
aqG;aEG;a&;udpudk &yfwef@qi;f iHjh cif;rðyvkycay? om"utm;jzifajym&rnfqv#if 1990 jynfEp/f
P
dk
f hJ
h
kd
hS
Zefe0g&v (26) (2&) &ufae@rsm;wGiusi;f ycJaom tzGŒJ csKy. jynfe,fp/Hk wki;f pk/H òrŒd e,fptzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
D
f
h
f
d
Hk
. txl;tpnf;ta0;}u;D Y taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfa&;twGuf tm%mykirsm;/ 'Drua&pDEiia&;
df
dk
dk f H
tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh 'Drua&pDqENjyif;jyae=uaom jynfojl ynfom;rsm;t=um;Y em;vnfrwnf
dk
_
aqmuf&efvtyfa=umif;ukd aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwfc=hJ uonf?
dk
4?
Ekiiawmf+idr0yfjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u OD;aqmifusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pD
dfH
f
h
D Hk D dk
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrsm;wGivnf;/ Ekiia&;jyemrsm;ukd Ediia&;enf;ESiajz&Si;f jcif;ukd vufcH
JG
f
dfH
kfH
hf
ojzif/h csrwxm;onfOya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'rsm;abmiftwGi;f rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf
S f
h
dk
tjcm;Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ESitwl yg0if,Oòf yiconf? tus,csKycae&onfh taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª;
dfH
D
hf
S d f hJ
f fH
uk,wiyif A[kO;D pD;tzGŒJ .qk;H jzwfcsut& a&G;aumufyY yg0ifta&G;cs,c&ef Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;
d f dk f
d
f
JG
fH
ESitnD av#mufxm;cJonf?
fh
h
5?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,f
D Hk D dk
JG G
dk
(485) ae&mteuf (392) ae&mwGitEki&&Sconf? 'Drua&pDusipOft&vnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEdiiH
f d f d hJ
dk
fh
kf
.tpOftvmt&vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufy+JG yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvm&rnf
f
f
jzpfonf? a&G;aumufy+JG yD;oGm;+yD;aemufwif jynfoŒl v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;ay:aygujf cif;r&Sygv#if a&G;
G
f
d
aumufyusi;f yjcif;.t"dyg` ,onf tcsn;f ES;D omv#ijf zpfayrnf? a&G;aumufyuusi;f yay;onfh
JG
f
JG dk
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'Yyif “v$wawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;
f
JG
f
fh
aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;&rnf” [k tckitvkH jyÏmef;
‡
dk f
f
dk f
f
h
df
csu&onf?
f dS
6?
tqkygOya'jyÏmef;csut& a&G;aumufy+GJ y;D I (2) vcef@t=umwGif v$wawmfw&yfay:
d
f
f
ayguvma&;twGuf &efueòf rŒd / ausmufwwm;òrŒd e,f&dS r[wWr*E<cef;raqmifY tzGŒJ csKyf. jynf
f
k
H
D
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf A[kO;D pD;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf tpnf;
f
kd f
f
d
f
f
ta0;usi;f ycJ=h uonf?
7?
(u) xktqkyg tpnf;ta0;Yyif awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;[laom tzGŒJ csKyf.cH,csurudk
d d
H
l f l
rypfy,fcay// jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiawGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;rl (2) &yfEitnD vkyaqmifconf?
hJ
f
fh
H
S fh
f
hJ
215

216. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
*ENtpnf;ta0;Y “··· tzGŒJ csKyfonf EkiiawmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Snf
D
dfH
tem*wfumvtusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;uktajccHI wrsKd ;om;vk;H jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"gwEifh yGivif;
d
f f S hf
aom/ ±k;d om;aom/ apwemtjynfygaom ESpO;D ESpbuf !SEi;f aqG;aEG;r_rsm;ðyvkyom; &ef···”
h
f f
d d_
f G
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu atmufygrrsm;ESiaqmif&u=f u&ef tqkðd ycJonf?
dk
l
fh
G
h
(1) yGivif;±k;d om;r_Eifh tjyeftvSeav;pm;vkuema&;/
hf
S
f
d f
(2) wrsKd ;om;vk;H jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/
(3) +idr;f csr;f acsmarGŒaomenf;ukd tok;H csa&;/
(4) tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfrudk a&S;±_a&;/
_
(5) tjyeftvSeav;pm;a&;/
f
(6) tjyeftvSey;l aygi;f aqmif&ua&;/
f
G f
(7) tjyeftvSeem;vnfr&a&;/
f
_ dS
(c) ,if;tqkðd ycsuudk Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u wH‹k jyefcjhJ cif;r&Syg?
f dfH
df
d
(*) *ENtpnf;ta0;wGif Oya'ESitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&efuvnf; awGŒqkH
D
fh
f
dk
aqG;aEG;a&;ESifh 'GewI awmif;qdconf? ok@d aomf ,ae@wif tm%mykiw@dk taejzifh awGŒqkaqG;
f JG
k hJ
dk
df
H
aEG;a&;ukvnf;aumif;/ v$wawmfac:,lay;a&;ukvnf;aumif; jiif;y,faeqJjzpfonf?
d
f
d
8?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'wGif rnfoŒdk r#jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Sonfh trsKd ;om;
f
JG
d
nDvmcHw&yfudk v$wawmfac:,la&;uka&Smif&m;vdonfqENjzifh tm%mykirsm;uzefw;D I ay:
f
f
d
S k h
df
ayguvmaponf? tqkygnvmcHrm 1993 ckEp/f Zefe0g&vrS pwifIusi;f ycJ+h y;D / ,ae@wif +y;D qk;H
f
d D
S
S
D
dk
jcif;r&Sao;ay? tzGŒJ csKyfonfvnf; taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfa&;rlt& nDvmcHo@dk wufa&mufchJ
d
onf? wufa&mufaepOfY nDvmcHvyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm;ESitnD usi;f yðyvkyay;a&;ESiywfoufI
kf
f
hf
f
hf
tzGŒJ csKyu tm%mykirsm;ESiaqG;aEG;&efóu;d yrf;cJonf? Tudpuvnf; tm%mykirsm;u jiif;y,f
f
df
fh
h
P dk
df
cJonf?
h
9?
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESiywfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ OD;atmifa&$ onf jrefrmhq&,vpf
H
hf
dk S f
vrf;pOfygwrS ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;wGivnf;aumif;/ tkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ tpnf;wGivnf;aumif; tvGef
D
D
f
f
f
xdywef;usvonfwm0efu,c&onfy*Kd~ vf}uD;ESifh uk,wiom;a&mufawGŒqkI tm%mykif
f
S h
dk l hJ
h k
d f dk f G
H
d
rsm;tm; tzGŒJ csKyfEiawGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfvmEki&ef csO;f uyfóud;yrf;cJonf? ok@d aomf tajzxGuf
S fh
H
df
h
ay:vmcJhjcif;r&SdcJhyg?
10?
&Jabmfo;Hk usy0ifwOD;jzpfaom Akvr;ª atmifO;D aqmifonfh ekiia&;tpOftvm&Saom
df
d f
dfH
d
yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;uvnf; tzGŒJ csKyf/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;/ Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;
d
dfH
aumifptzGŒJ 0ifrsm; awGŒqkaqG;aEG;&ef t}udr}f udrf Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;
D
H
dfH
aumifpOuUÏxHo@dk pma&;ta=umif;=um;cJonf? tajzxGuay:vmjcif;r&Scyg?
D
h
f
d hJ
11?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfay:vmEkia&;ukd t+rvufcH
dk
Hk
df
J
cJonf? vufcaeqJvnf;jzpfonf? Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpEifh eD;pyfaom
h
H
dfH
fh
DS
216

217. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
EkiijH cm;oH±;Hk w±k;H u ESpO;D ESpbuftqiferwm0ef&y*Kd~ vrsm;rSpwifI aqG;aEG;jcif;ðyvky&ef t}uðH y
df
f f
h d hf
dS k f
f
csuwckudk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; urf;vSr;f cJonf? Tudpudk tzGŒJ csKyfu oabmwl
f
dk
h
P
vufcconf? tzGŒJ csKy.tajzukd tm%mykiw@dk tm; today;cJ+h y;D a=umif;ukd xko±;Hk rSajym=um;I
H hJ
f
df
d H
od&c&onf? ok@d aomf tm%mykirsm;xHrS rnfuo@dk rw@Hk jyefcjhJ cif;r&Scay? xk@d a=umifh tqiferaqG;
dS hJ
df
hJ S
d hJ
h d hf
aEG;yGrsm;ukyif Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpu rvkvm;a=umif;xif&m;yg
J
d dfH
fh
D
d
S
onf?
12?
wzef tm%mykirsm;ESie;D pyfaom EkiijH cm;wki;f jynfwjynfrS tqifjh rify*Kd~ vf}uD;wOD;
df
fh
df
d
hk
u tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh tpueOD;wGif ta=umif;t&mwckwnf;omaqG;aEG;jcif;ukd vufcEi§rEkif
H dk f d
ar;jref;pOfuvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfu vufceia=umif;jyef=um;cJonf? ok@d aomf aemufyi;f wGif ,if;udpP
H dk f
h
dk
ESiywfoufI oufqi&myk*Kd~ v}f u;D u ta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r&Sojzifh Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,m
hf
dk f
d
dfH
a&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpbufrS Tudpudk vufrcHjcif;jzpfonfrm ay:vGiaejyefonf?
fh
D
P
S
f
13?
(u) awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESiywfoufI apwemjzihf pnf;urf;abmifoabm(formal)
H
fh
rjzpfapvkI tvGwoabm (informal) tjzpfawGŒqkaqG;aEG;=u&ef 1998 ckEpwif OuUÏ.ae
d
f
H
Sf G
tdro@dk tqifw/l OD;a&wlrt& zdw=f um;cJonf? Tonfuvnf; Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,m
f
h
l
h
dk
dfH
a&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpu rwk@H jyefcay?
fh
D
hJ
(c) awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESihf ywfoufI ukvor*~tzGŒJ }uD;u ‚if;. tqifqifaom
H
h h
taxGaxGnvmcH}uD;rsm;wGif atmufygtwki;f qk;H jzwfxm;onf?
D
d
(1) a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgi;f aqmifaom 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/
dk
(2) wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;/
d
(3) ppftm%mykirsm; awGŒqkaqG;aEG;&ef?
df
H
(*) tm%mykirsm;onf Tqk;H jzwfcsuuvnf; vkuemcJjh cif;r&S? ukvor*~tzGŒJ
df
f dk
d f
d
twGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. uk,pm;vS,rwqifh awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;pwif&ef wkuwe;f csursm;ukvnf;
d f
fS
H
d f G
f
d
vufccjhJ cif;r&Say? Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ § Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;
H
d
dfH
f
dfH
ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifponf aqG;aEG;yGrsm;ukrvkvm;a=umif; jrefrmod/ urBmodyifjzpfaeygonf?
D
J
d d
(C) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu aqG;aEG;yGrsm;ukd rnfr#tav;xm;vkvm;a=umif;
dk
J
d
ukrl 1996 ckEp/f arv (13) &ufae@u tzGŒJ csKyfuxkwjf yefconhf “awGŒqkaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;ESihf
d
S
hJ
H
ywfoufI trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.óud;yrf;csursm;” pmwrf;ukd zwf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh odEiyg
dk
f
dk f
rnf?
14?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf u (25-3-96) &ufae@wif tm%mykiw@dk xH “yxrt
dk
G
df
}urjf ynfoŒl v$wawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&ufowfrw&ef/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
d
f
h
S f
f
kd f
vS,rsm; ndEi;f aqmif&ua&;twGuf pDpOfay;&efup” ukd wm0efopmjzifh ta=umif;=um;cJonf?
f
‡ d_
G f
dP
dG
h
ok@d aomf tm%mykirsm;xHrS wpkw&mta=umif;jyef=um;cJjh cif; r&Scyg? (23-6-98) &ufae@wif
df
H
d hJ
G
vnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef Oya't& wm0ef&aom tm%mykirsm;xHo‹dk “1988
f
dS
df
ckEp/f =o*kwv/ (21) &ufae@rwkirD v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;yg&ef” wduwe;f awmif;qkconf?
S
f
df
f
k f G
d hJ
217

218. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ok@d aomf tm%mykiw@dk u rdrw@dk .wm0efuyif rsuu,ðf y vspvsL±_c=hJ uonf? ok@d twGua=umifh
df
d
dk
f G
f
f
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifaom
dk
f
d
f
kd f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfudk r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif; (21-8-98) &ufae@wif
f
G
a=unmcJonf?
h
15?
(18-5-98) &ufae@wif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ onf tzGŒJ csKyf.rlEi&yf
G
dk
S hf
wnfcsuutajccHI Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª; (1) .
f dk
dfH
zdwac:csuukd vufcI oGm;a&mufawGŒqkconf? awGŒqkpOfwif twGi;f a&;rª;(1) u ESpO;D ESpzuf
f
f
H
H hJ
H G
f f
,k=H unfrwnfaqmuf&ef (confidence building) vka=umif; wifjycJ&m tzGŒJ csKyOuUÏu oabm
_
d
h
f
wlconf? xk@d aemuf tzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ u xko@kd ,k=H unfrwnfaqmufa&;twGuf twGi;f a&;rª;
hJ
d
_
(1) wk@d taejzifh yxrqk;H vky&rnf/h vkyvnf;vkyEionfuponf Ekiia&;t& zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
f
f
f kd f h d P
dfH
tusO;f csxm;olrsm;ukd tjrefq;Hk jyefvway;&efjzpfa=umif; wifjycJonf? Tudpudk pOf;pm;rnf[k
$ f
h
P
twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u wk@H jyefconf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfoufI twGi;f a&; rª; (1)
hJ
f
hf
u tcserusao;a=umif;ajymcJonf? tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏu a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfrm (8) ESpausm+f yjD zpf
df
h
S
f
ojzifh v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef tcsea&muf+y[k ajym=um;cJonf? twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u rnfo@dk r#r
f
df
D
h
wke@f jyefcay?
hJ
16?
tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ ESihf Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª; (1)
dfH
wk@d .awGŒqkrEiywfoufI ESpO;D ESpbufrS a=unmcsurxkwjf yef&ef oabmwlc=hJ uonf? To
H _ S fh
f f
f
abmwlncsuudk tzGŒJ csKyuvkuemcJaomfvnf; tm%mykiw@dk bufrS em&Dyi;f twGi;f csKd ;azgu+f y;D
D f
f d f h
df
dk
owif;xkwjf yefconf? owif;xkwjf yefcsuwivnf; qufwuaqG;aEG;yGrsm; (series of meethJ
f Gf
dk f
J
f dS
hJ
J
fh
H
P
H
h
ings) vky&ef&a=umif;ygconf? tzGŒcsKyfOuUÏ ESiawGŒqkpOfu Tudpudk vk;0rajymcJay?
17?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf ueOD;uyif awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$wawmf
dk
H
f
ac:,la&;udpP (2) &yfw@kd tm; 'GewIvkyaqmifcayonf? Tvrf;pOfrudk tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh raoG
f JG
f
hJ
l
znf/ rzsuor;f cJonfudk rnfor#rjiif;Ekiay? tm%mykirsm;url v$wawmfac:,la&;udvnf;
f d h
l
df
df
f
k
aumif;/ aqG;aEG;a&;udvnf;aumif; rvkvm;onftavsmuf enf;AsL[mtrsKd ;rsKd ;ok;H pGI a&Smif
k
d
h
J
&Sm;&efóud;yrf;aeayonf?
18?
&Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
d
dk
d f D dk
f
dk
tzGŒJ ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@kd u jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'ukd umuG,apmifa&Smuf
k
f
f
JG
f h
a&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;wd@k uO;D wnfI jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef Ekiiawmfat; csr;f om
dk
f
dfH
,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUÏxHo@dk ta=umif;=um;cJonf? rnfo@dk r#jyef=um;jcif;r&SbJ vspvsL±_
fh
h
d
f
218

219. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vkuonfa=umif/h rJqEN&ijf ynfovxtwGuf wwftm;or#aqmif&uay;Eki&ef/ jynfoŒl v$wf
d f
S
l l k
G f df
awmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sonfh tcseumvtwGi;f “1990 jynfEpygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
f
d
df
h S f D Hk D dk
aumufyrS wifajrmufvuaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmf
JG
‡
dk f
f
dk kd f
h
f
uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD)”ukd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEifh yl;aygi;fI zGŒJ pnf;vku&ayonf?
d f
dk
S
d f
19?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;rSm Oya't& Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;
f
dfH
aumifp.wm0efjzpfouJo@dk / rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu w&m;r#w+yD; vGwvyfpma&G;aumuf wif
D
h
S
l l k
f
G
ajrmufay;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay:wGivnf; wm0ef&onftm;avsmf
‡
d f
f
kd f
f
f
dS h
pGm jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;udpudk trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf wki;f &i;fom;ygwrsm;u
f
f
P
dk
S d
D
aqmif&u&jcif;jzpfonf? xko@dk aqmif&uonfEiwòyiwnf; rnfonftcseurS v$wawmfac:,l
G f
d
G f
S fh d f
h df
f
ay;a&;ukd vkyaqmifay;vkonfqENr&Sonfh tm%mykirsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f
f
d h
d
df
f
k f
rsm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifwm;jrpfvuonf?
dk f
20?
wqifw;dk I tm%mykirsm;u ‚if;wd@k .zdtm;ay;r_ (ok@d r[kw) rufv;Hk ay;r_w@kd udk rvGef
h
df
f
qefEionfh uk,pm;vS,tcsKd Œuktok;H csI jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;udpudk vrf;vGap&ef
dk f
d f
f
d
f
P
J
tvk@d im tm±kajymif;&efóud;yrf;aejyefygonf?
S
H
21?
ok@d apumrl wki;f jynftay:opPmapmifpnf;onfh v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf jynfo@l
d
h
f
dk f
f
tusKd ;aqmif&u&ef oEMÏmefcsxm;onfEiia&; tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf jynfovwawmfu,pm;ðy
G f
d
h dk f H
l $ f
dk f
aumfrwDw@kd onf jynfovxEivufwI 'Drua&pDay:xGe;f a&;.vrf;pjzpfaom awG@qaqG;aEG;
l l k S fh
JG dk
Hk
a&;ESifh v$wawmfac:,la&;ukd atmifjrifpmtaumiftxnfaz:aqmifom;rnfjzpfaya=umif;?
f
G
G
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueðf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,kevqef; (13) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (27) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
219

220. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1999 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae‹
(9)ESpfajrmuf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ ESpfywfvnfae‹wGif
jynfol‹v$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
(21/ 5/ 99 &ufaeŒ/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;qk;jzwfcsut&)
f
dk f
H
f
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(1)
Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifptaejzif/h ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;
kfH
hf
D
D Hk D dk
aumufyuusi;f yay;+y;D aemuf ,if;wk@d xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;t& jynfoŒl v$wawmf ac:,l
JG dk
f
ay;&efwm0ef&aomfvnf; ysuuuconfrm (9) ESp&+dS yjD zpfonf? xkuo@dk jynfovx. qENudk
dS
f G f hJ
S
f
d hJ
l l k
rav;pm;bJ rsuu,ðf yvsuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&efysuuuonftwGuf jyif;xefpm
f G
f
f G f h
G
±_wcsvua=umif; qk;H jzwfonf?
f dk f
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(2)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu 1998 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif usi;f ycJaom (8) ESpf
dk
S
G
h
ajrmufa&G;aumufyEpywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif v$wawmfac:,lay;a&;twGuf &ufowfrwf
JG S f
f
S
ay;&ef trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfA[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ tm; wm0efay;tyfconf? xko@dk
dk
d
f
hJ
d
wm0efay;csut& A[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ u Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒGH òz;d a&; aumif
f
d
f
kfH
hf
pDOuUÏxHo@dk 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (21) &ufae@rwkir/D v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef ta=umif;
S
f
df
f f
=um;cJhonf? Tta=umif;=um;csufukdvspfvsL±_onfa=umifh A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzGJŒu
rJqEN&ijf ynfow@dk tay:wGif wm0ef&onftavsmuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lrnf[a=unmcJh
S
l
dS h
f
k
onf? xk@d aemuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyA[kvyief;tzGŒJ toD;oD;rS uk,pm;
f
kd f
f
f d kf
d f
vS,rsm;/ jynfe,fwi;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yfuursm;rSpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf ±k;d ±k;d tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; æ
f
dk
G f
(u) jypfrusL;vGewwforsm; ajccsKyfEihf cH0eftufOya't&ta&;,lum odumcsjcif;/
_
f
l
S
Q
rvkuemolrsm;tm; jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;?
d f
S
(c) ta&;ay: pDrcsutufOya' txl;ojzifh yk'r-5 (n) jzifvnf;aumif;/ &mZowf
H f
f
h
}u;D yk'r-505 (c) jzifvnf;aumif; rw&m;zrf;qD;ta&;,lum jypf'%frsm;csrwf
f
h
S
jcif;?
(*) Ekiiawmftm; aESmuf,uzsuq;D vkorsm;tE &m,frS umuG,apmifa&Smufonfh
dfH
S f f
d l
W
f
h
Oya' yk'r- 10(u) ponfw@dk jzihf ta&;,ljcif;?
f
(C) Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . Oya' 2§88/ w&m;pD&ifa&;qkif
kfH
f
d
&mOya'ESitnD usio;Hk aqmif&ujf cif;rðyjcif;?
hf
hf
G
220

221. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(i) wnfqOya't&qkum Oya'trsKd ;rsKd ;wk@d jzifh vky}f uzefw;D I tr_rsm;ukd tusO;f enf;
J
d
H
jzifh ppfaq;jypf'%fcsrwjf cif;?
S
(p) tzufzufwif enf;rsKd ;pkztm;ay;v#uf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;E_wxuapjcif;?
G
Hd
f G f
(q) Oya'rJh tEdiusihf +cdr;f ajcmufI oufqi&mrJqEN&iqorsm;tm; tm%mykiw@dk
kf
dk f
S f dk l
df
u twif;t"rRpa0;apum jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; t,kt=unf
k
f
kd f
f
H
r&Sd raxmufc[k [pfatmfaºuG;a=umf rw&m;odumcsjcif;?
H
Q
(Z) xkwjf yefconfOya'rsm;wGiryg&onftcsutvufrsm;ukd aemufa=umif;jyef
hJ h
f dS h
f
Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsO;f Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsuf ponfw@dk uxwjf yefjcif;?
kd k
æ rsm;ukd jyif;xefpmuef@uu±wcsvuonf?
G
G f _ f dk f
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(3)
urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ }u;D . vlŒtcGita&;qki&mqk;H jzwfcsursm;ukd óuqaxmufca=umif;
h k
hf
df
f
d dk
H
qk;H jzwfonf?
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(4)
Oa&myor*~vwawmfEiwuG tjcm;aomEkiirsm;. v$wawmfrsm;tm; jynfoŒl v$wf
$ f
S hf
dfH
f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDudk axmufcjH cif;twGuvnf;aumif;/ todtrSwðf yjcif;twGuvnf;
dk f
f
f
aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu ESpaxmif;tm;& 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om aus;Zl;
f
dk f
f
wifa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(5)
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDtm; v$wawmfac:,l
f
dk f
f
f
a&;tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qG&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf//
J
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(6)
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. wki;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDtm; 'Drua&pDjynf
f
dk f
d
dk
axmifpEiiawmfxaxmif&ef vktyfonfh zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytjccHOya'wGif ygoifonfh tcsuf
k dk f H
l
d
f Hk
h
tvufrsm;ESiywfoufI wki;f &if;om;rsm;. oabmxm;rsm;uk&,l+yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$wawmf
hf
d
d
f
a&;&maumfrwDtm; wifjytpD&ifc&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
H
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(7)
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. Ekiiwumqufqa&;aumfrwDtm; urBmuv
f
dk f
dfH
H
h k
or*~tzGŒJ tpnf;/ Ekiiwumv$wawmfrsm;/ Oa&myor*~vwawmfrsm;ESiwuG tjcm;urBm
dfH
f
$ f
hf
tES@H tjym;&Sd 'Drua&pDEiirsm;.v$wawmfrsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDa&;udpEiywfoufI wk;d csŒJ wk;d wuf
dk
dk f H
f
dk
P S hf
aqmif&ujf cif;vkyaqmif&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
G
f
221

222. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(8)
ausmif;aeonfEe;f usqif;aejcif;ESifh rlvwef;ynmr+yD;qk;H rD ausmif;xGuEe;f wk;d yGm;ae
h _
f _
jcif;jyemrsm;ukuiw,&ef rl0g'a&;qGa&;ukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. ynm
d dk f G f
J
f
dk f
a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(9)
'Drua&pDEiiH acwfrwyfrawmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESiywfoufI tpD&ifcpmukd jynfoŒl v$wawmf
dk
dk f
D
hf
H
f
uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD. umuG,a&;&maumfrwDtm; a&;qGwifoi;f &ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;
d f
f
J
G
qk;H jzwfonf?
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(10)
Ediiawmfb¾ma&;&mudp&yfrsm;/ txl;ojzifh Ekiiawmf &ok;H cef@re;f ajcpm&if;a&;qGjJ cif;/
kfH
P
dfH
S
aiGpuUL±duEyjf cif; tp&Sonfh udp&yfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. b¾m§
k f Sd
d
P
f
kd f
pD;yGm;§ukeo,a&;&maumfrwDtm; a&;qGwifjy&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
f G f
J
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(11)
aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;pepfwif r#wrSeuefaom ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;usipOf jzpfay:vmap
f
G
f
hf
rnhf rlcsrwjf cif;/ aiGa=u;azgi;f yGjcif;ukxe;f odr;f rnfenf;vrf;rsm;ESifh &if;ES;D ðryfEr_ Oya'ESioufqif
S
d d
h
HS
fh
dk
onfh rloabmxm;rsm; a&;qGwifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. b¾m§pD;yGm;§
J
f
dk f
ukeo,a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
f G f
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(12)
awmifov,form;a&;&mudpEiywfoufI awmifov,form;rsm;. tcGita&;qkif
l
P S hf
l
hf
d
&mudp&yfrsm;/ &if;ES;D rwnfaiGqi&mOya'a&;qGwifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
P
dk f
J
f
dk f
. awmifov,form;a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
l
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(13)
tvkyorm;a&;&mudpEiywfoufI tvkyorm;rsm;.tcGita&;/ tenf;qk;H vkyca=u;
f
P S fh
f
hf
f
aiGowfrway;a&;/ w&m;r#waom tenf;qk;H vkytm; pH owfrway;a&;/ vkyief;cGif vkòH cHa&;
S f
f
S f
f
ponfup&yfrsm;ukd tpD&ifcpma&;qGwifoi;f &ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. tvkyf
h dP
H
J
G
f
dk f
orm;a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
qk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (14)
H
vlra&;udpEihf pyfvsO;f I tpd;k &.aq;±krsm;/ aq;ukcef;rsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;wGif tedrq;Hk
_
PS
H
hf
pH owfrwjf cif;qki&mudp&yfrsm;ukd tpD&ifcwifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD.
S
df
P
H
f
dk f
usr;f rma&;ESivra&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
fh l _
222

223. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
qk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (15)
H
tusO;f uscae&aom Ekiia&;tusO;f orm;rsm;tm;vk;H c|i;f csur&Sd tjrefq;Hk jyefvway;
H
dfH
f
$ f
&ef tav;teufawmif;qka=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
d
qk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (16)
H
1998 ckEp/f pufwifbmvrSpI rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif xde;f odr;f xm;onfh wki;f &if;om;
S
d
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyf
dfH
D
dk
f
kd f
f
A[kvyief;tzGŒJ toD;oD;rS uk,pm;vS,rsm;/ jynfe,f§wki;f / òrŒd e,f/ &yf§aus; pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0if
d kf
d f
f
d
rsm;ESifh ±k;d ±k;d tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ukd csKyfaESmif/ uef@owf/ csKyfcs,r_ vk;H 0r&S/d ¹ci;f csuv;Hk 0r&SbJ tjrefq;Hk jyef
f
G
f
d
v$w&efawmif;qka=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
f
d
twnfðycsufrsm;
trSwf (1) ?
trSwf (2) ?
? ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (9) ESpajrmuf a=unmcsuukd
D Hk D dk
f
f
twnfðyonf?
? awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&; a=unmcsursm;ukd
H
f
f
twnfðyonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,kevqef; (13) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f arv (27) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I jzef‹csonf? )
dk
l
d
223

224. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒvGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 35 (6§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf/ w&m;0ifrwywifxm;onf/h w&m;0if trsKd ;om;EkiiH
kd
f
S f Hk
df
a&;udprsm;udk jynf0pGmaqmif&uyici&aom Ekiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arvY
P
h
G f kd f G hf dS
dfH
D
h S
usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (82)
h
D Hk D dk
JG G
f
kd f
&mcdiEe;f ausmtxd &&Scaom/ jynfovxtm;ud;k ,k=H unfrt&Sq;Hk ygw}D u;D vnf;jzpfonf? tEkif
kf_
f
d hJ
l l k
_ d
d
&&Scaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vk;H onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf
d hJ
f
kd f
f
f
kd f
f
a=umif;udk tm%mydirsm;u jrefrmEkiijH yefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
kf
df
2?
jrefrmEkiijH yefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmxm;+yD;jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
df
f
kd f
vS,rsm;pm&if;wGi/f usKd ufra&mòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wf
f
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrifoe;f / ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(2) trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
kd f
h d
f
dk
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ausmEihf v,fa0;òrŒd e,/f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
f
kd f
fS
dk
csKyfrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifxËO;D / pOfuiòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Drua&
f
dk f
Gf
h kd
dk
pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpd;k jrif/h aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfrqENe,frS
f
dk f
f
f
J
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr)/ qdy}f u;D caemif
dk
f
f
dk f
wkòd rdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpde0if;/ rdwvmòrdŒe,frqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
kd f
f
f
DW
J
f
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmode;f vGi/f &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f/ rJqEN
dk
f
f
dk f
f
e,ftrSwf (2) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;/ wyfue;f
dk
f
f
dk f
k
òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0rf;armif/
f
dk
f
dk f
pOfu;l òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
h
f
dk
f
f
kd
pm;vS,f OD;apmaX;wk@d tygt0ifjzpfonf?
3?
(u) usdKufra&mòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf.
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrifoe;f &&Saom ckivrJ ta&twGurm (10576) rJjzpf+yD;/
f
kd f
h d
d
d f Hk
f S
&mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (52²96 &mcdiEe;f ) jzpfonf?
df _
kf _
(c) ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
f
dk
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ausmf &&Saom ckivrta&twGurm (29995) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh
kd f
d
d f Hk J
fS
kf_
(61²38 &mcdiEe;f )jzpfonf?
kf _
(*) v,fa0;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1)rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
f
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifxËO;D &&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (22887) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdiEe;f tm;
kd f
Gf
d
k f Hk J
fS
kf_
jzifh (53²97 ) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
224

225. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(C) pOfuiòf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
h kd
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpd;k jrif&&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (18461) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdiEe;f
kd f
f
h d
k f Hk J
f S
kf _
tm;jzifh (74²92) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(i) aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;
kd
f
$ f
kd f
vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr) &&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (24615) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh
d
k f Hk J
f S
fk f _
(54²85) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(p) rdwvmòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
ÎD
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmode;f vGi&&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (28913) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdiEe;f
kd f
f
f d
k f Hk J
fS
kf_
tm;jzifh (62²09) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(q) qdw}f uD;caemifwòkd rdŒe,f rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
awmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpde0if;&&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (4047) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdiEe;f
kd f
f
f
d
k f Hk J
f S
kf _
tm;jzifh (51²36) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(Z) &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
f
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;&&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (15082) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdiEe;f
kd f
d
k f Hk J
fS
kf_
tm;jzifh (41²24) &mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(ps) wyfue;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
k
f
kd
awmf u d k , f p m;vS , f OD ; 0rf ; armif &&S d a om cd k i f v k H r J t a&twG u f r S m (25422) rJ j zpf + yD ;
&mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh (66²74) &mE_e;f jzpfonf?
kf _
(n) pOfu;l òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
h
kd
f
f
kd f
vS,f OD;apmaX;&&Saom cdivrta&twGurm (26079) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdiEe;f tm;jzifh (62²74)
d
k f kH J
f S
kf _
&mcdiEe;f jzpfonf?
kf_
4?
TuJo@kd oufqi&mrJqENe,fjynfovx. ppfreaomaxmufcrt&/ w&m;0ifjynf
h
dk f
l l k
Sf
H_
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfvmaom OD;jrifoe;f tm;vnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmtm;vnf;
f
kd f
f
h d
f
aumif;/ OD;wifxËO;D tm;vnf;aumif;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh tm
Gf
H
H
d
%mydiw@kd .ya,m*a=umifjh zpfay:vmaom vlwpk.atmf[pfyonf vk;H 0w&m;r0ifonftjyif
kf
JG
h
jynfovxtm; w&m;Oya'csKd ;azguonftavhtusiukd oif=um;ay;aom tm%mydiw@dk .
l l k
f h
hf
kf
tajrmftjrifenf;yg;r_ oufoufr#om jzpfayonf?
5?
Tvky&yfrsm;onf urBmEiitoD;oD;. a&G;aumufyqi&m Oya'/ vkyx;Hk vkyenf;
f
h kd f H
JG dk f
f
f
tpOftvmrsm;udrsuu,ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkii/H Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf
k f G
df dfH
D
f Hk
jynfoŒl v$wawmf a&G;aumufyOya'jyÏmef;csursm;udk qef@usiIvnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k
f
JG
f
f
a&;ESihf jynforsm;u Oya'udvuemaom tavhtusiysKd ;axmifay;jcif; tp&Sonfh tajccH
l
k dk f
hf
d
w&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk rsuu,ðf yqef@usivsuvnf;aumif;/ tm%mydirsm;u tm%mudk
f G
f
f
kf
tvGetu|o;Hk +yD; rdrw@dk u,wif Oya'csKd ;azgu±r#ru/ jynforsm; tusipm&dwysujf ym;um
f
H
d
kd f dk
f Hk
l
hf
W
r[kwrrSerw&m; vkyaqmifvmatmif oif=um;ay;aeonfh vky&yfrsm;omjzpfonf?
f f
f
f
225

226. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
6?
,cif Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ vufxufu xkwjf yefcaom (18dfH
f
hJ
9 - 88) &ufpyg/ trde@f trSwf - 2§88 onf ,ae@wif zsuor;f jcif; r&Sao;ay? ,if;trde@f .
JG
dk
f d
d
tyk'f (1)/ tyd'cJG (c) wGif vl (5) a,mufEihf vl (5) a,muftxuf ydIpka0;+yD;a[majymjcif;/
d
k f
S
k
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;rðy&[kyg&onf? xk@d a=umifh ,ckðyvkyaeaom tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
dS
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlpva0;jzifh a[majym/
f
kd f
f
H
d
k l
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfaejcif;rsm;onf/ wnfqtrde@f tm%mudzqefI ðyvkyaejcif;jzpfonf?
J
k D
f
7?
,if;od@k wnfqtrde@f tm%mudqef@usi+f yD; w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udysujf ym;apaom/
J
k
k
Oya'ausmeif;onfh t"rRvpatmf[pfyrsm;udk yl;aygi;f }upnfvyaqmifc=hJ uolrsm;tm; atmuf
f
lk
JG
H
kf
wGiaz: jyvkuonf?
f
d f
8?
(u) usKd ufra&mòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
dk
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrifoe;f tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
h d
H
H
qkonfh vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
d
k
JG G
k f
hJ
-usKd ufra&mòrdŒd e,f/ &Siapmyk&yfuurS OD;wifat;qko?
f
G f
d l
- usKd ufra&mòrdŒe,fae/ OD;rdsK;wifh qdo?
k l
- usKura&mòrŒd e,/f ygwpHk 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
d f
D dk
tzGŒJ 0if OD;cspvif qko?
f G d l
(c) ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. w&m;0ifjynf
dk
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ausmtm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh
f
kd f
f
H
H
d
vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ usn;f tif;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;at;aiG qkoEihf awmifol
d l S
OD;0if;armif qko?
d l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;apmatmifqo?
dk l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ qifaoaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;wifne@f qko?
G d l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,/f oeyfyifqyaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifarmif qko?
d f
d l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;azoef; qdo?
k l
(*) v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
dk
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifxËO;D tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
Gf
H
H
qkonfh vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
d
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- tzGŒJ csKyf pnf;±k;H a&;rª;a[mif; qkonfh OD;pHc qko?
d
d l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ om0wWaus;&GmrS ukeonf OD;vSjrifh qko?
d
f
d l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,/f ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cG/J twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aeatmif qko?
d l
226

227. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ qifpaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;wif0if; qdo?
k
k l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ ydawmufacsmif aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSjrifh qko?
d l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;cifxe;f qko?
G d l
(C) pOfuiòf rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
h kd
dk
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpd;k jriftm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
f
h
H
H
qkonfh vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
d
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- pOfuiòf rdŒe,f/ uHopfaus;&GmrS OD;atmifausmp;kd qdo?
h kd
f k l
- pOfuiòf rdŒe,/f ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
h kd
D Hk D kd
tzGŒJ cGtwGi;f a&;rª; OD;xifausmat; qko?
J
f
d l
- pOfuiòf rdŒe,f/ tke;f yifjcH aus;&GmrS OD;atmifóudiqo?
h kd
f dk l
- pOfuiòf rdŒe,f/ =uufpraus;&GmrS OD;vSat;qko?
h kd
d hf
d l
- pOfuiòf rŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
h kd
D Hk D kd
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if OD;armifarmifaX; qko?
d l
(i) aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
f
f
ud,pm;vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr) tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh
k f
H
H
d
vlwpk. t"rR pk±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
JG G
k f
hJ
- aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ tazsmufaus;&GmrS OD;pdejf rifh qko(or0g,rOD;pD;Xme t+ir;f pm;)
d l
d
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ Zvky}f uD;aus;&GmrS ukeonf OD;tke;f jrifh qkoEihf 0g;bavmuf
f
d l S
aomufaus;&GmrS v,form; OD;=unfprf; qdo?
k l
- aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
D Hk D kd
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fOya't&m&Sd a':at;at;jrifh qko?
d l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ &cdipaus;&GmrS tkwvyief;&Sif OD;rsKd ; qko?
kf k
f k f
d l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ udi;f rprf;aus;&GmrS v,form;OD;[efwif qko?
k
d l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ
D Hk D kd
JG
f
cGtzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;yef;pdef qko?
J
d l
(p) qdy}f uD;caemifòrdŒe,frqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
J
kd
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmpde0if;tm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
f
f
H
H
qkonfh vlwpk.t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
d
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- qdy}f uD; ta&SŒ&yfuurS OD;yef;a&$ qkoEihf OD;vSO;D qko?
G f
d l S
d l
- qdy}f u;D caemufwòdk rŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumf
D Hk D kd
JG
r&SitzGŒJ cGtzGŒJ 0if vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf jynfoŒl tiftm; OD;pD;Xme òrŒd e,fO;D pD;rª;
f
J
OD;pd;k 0if; qko?
d l
(q) rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
ÎD
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmode;f vGitm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmh
f
kd f
f
f
H
H
a=umif;qkonfh vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
d
k
JG G
k f
hJ
227

228. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ qifpvG,aus;&GmrS ukeonf OD;jym; qko?
ÎD
f
f
d l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ arGŒaus;&GmrS OD;ausmvif qdo?
ÎD
f d_ k l
- rdwvmòrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ
ÎD
D Hk D dk
JG
f
cGtzGŒJ 0if OD;wifaX; qdo?
J
k l
- rdwvmòrŒd e,f/ o&ufyifaus;&GmrS csnr#ipuft+ir;f pm;0efxrf; OD;oef;a&$ qko?
ÎD
f f
d
d l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ ajrmufvnfaus;&GmrS OD;xGe;f =unf qko?
ÎD
d l
- rdwvmòrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ
ÎD
D Hk D dk
JG
cGJ twGi;f a&;rª; OD;wifvif qko?
d_ d l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ tkw&pue;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;aX;armif qdo?
ÎD
f S f k
k l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ rkeawmaus;&GmrS OD;wifa&$ qdo?
ÎD
f
k l
- rdwvmòre,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
ÎD
d
D Hk D dk
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if OD;pk;d OD; qko?
d l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ Z&yfue;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifarmif qdo?
ÎD
k
k l
- rdwvmòrdŒe,f/ uefO;D aus;&GmrS OD;pHaiG qko?
ÎD
d l
- rdwvmòrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ
ÎD
D Hk D dk
JG
cGtzGŒJ 0if OD;=unfxe;f qko?
J
G d l
(Z) &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
f
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh
kd f
H
H
d
vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ tke;f oD;uGaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausm!e‹f qo?
J
f ¸ kd l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ uwifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;wifaqmif qko?
d l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
JG
tzGŒJ 0if OD;rsKd ;jrifoe;f qdo?
h d k l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ &Gmwef;&GmrrS pyspjf cHvyief;&Sif OD;cspz;D qko?
k f
f d l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ &Gmwef;aps;uke;f &GmrS awmifol OD;nDatmif qko?
d l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
tzGŒJ 0if OD;cifarmifxe;f qdo?
G
k l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ òrdŒvSaus;&GmtkyprS awmifol OD;rif;rif; qko?
f k
d l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ iSuaysmawmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;0if;atmif qdo?
f f
k l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
D Hk D kd
d
tzGŒJ 0if OD;ay: OD; qdo?
k l
(ps) wyfue;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
k
f
kd
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0rf;armiftm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh
f
kd f
H
H
d
vlwpk. t"rRp±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
k
JG G
k f
hJ
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ jr0wD&yfuurS pufcsKyfvyief;&Sif OD;at;ajymif qko?
k
G f
k f
d l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ &Sm;awmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;yk&nf qdo?
k
S
k l
228

229. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
- wyfue;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ
k
D Hk D kd
JG
f
OuUÏ OD;pdevS qdo?
f
k l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ aus;acsmif;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifukd qdo?
k
k l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ '[wfue;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f atmif qdo?
k
k
k l
- wyfue;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; aumfr&SitzGŒJ
k
D kH D kd
JG
f
cGJ tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fv0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&; OD;pD;t&m&Sd OD;rsKd ;cspf qdo?
l
k l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ oHy&muke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausm0if;pdef qdo?
k
k
f
k l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ '[wfue;f auGs;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifarmif; qko?
k
k
d l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ v,fjyifraus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSxe;f qko?
k
G d l
- wyfue;f òrdŒe,f/ xef;wyifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;xGe;f cif qko?
k
d l
- wyfue;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ
k
D Hk D kd
JG
f
cGtwGi;f a&;rª;òrdŒe,f opfawmOD;pD;Xme OD;pD;rª; OD;jrifatmif qko?
J
h
d l
(n) pOfu;l òrdŒe,f/ pOfu;l rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'DruapDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
h
h
kd
f
ud,pm;vS,f OD;apmaX;tm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlwpk. t"rR
k f
H
H
d
pk±;Hk atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyaqmifcaom æ
JG G
k f
hJ
- pOhu;l òrdŒe,f/ pOfu;l rJqENe,fajrrS OD;jrifaqG qkoEihf AD',kd tajccHtpnf;t±k;H
f
h
h
d lS GD
twGi;f a&;rª; OD;vSjrifh qko?
d l
- pOhu;l òrdŒe,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ
f
D Hk D dk
JG
f
cGtzGŒJ 0if Oya't&m&Sd a':cifat;0if; qko?
J
d l
- pOhu;l òrŒd e,f/ vufyefvrqENe,fajrrS ukeonf a':rk;d aomfarmf qkoEihf awmif
f
SJ
f
d lS
ol a':,k,axG; qdo?
k
k l
- pOhu;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
f
D Hk D dk
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if OD;0if;v_if qko?
d d l
- pOhu;l òrŒd e,f/ xk;H }u;D rJqENe,frS ukeonf OD;aX;0if; qdoEihf t+ir;f pm; tv,f
f
f
k lS
d
wef;jyq&m OD;jrifaqG qko?
h
d l
- pOhu;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
f
D Hk D dk
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if a'guwmjraomif; qko?
f
d l
- pOhu;l òrdŒe,f/ oJtif;rJqENe,fajrrS awmifol OD;ref;atmif qdo?
f
k l
- pOhu;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ
f
D Hk D dk
JG
f
tzGŒJ 0if OD;aumif; qdo?
k l
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f e,efvjynfausmf (12) &uf//
S
h
1999 ckEp/f ZGev (11) &uf//
S f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
229

230. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 36 (6§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfoŒdk tusO;uscH trsKd ;om;ekiia&;tiftm;pkrS (19/5 / 99 )&uf
dk
f
dfH
pGjJ zifh a&;om;ay;ykŒd onfh (Ekiiawmfat;csr;om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;a&;aumifp(ppftpk;&)
dfH
f
D
d
tm; zsuor;I jynfoŒl v$wawmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;&ESihf ppfreaom'Drua&pDeiiawmf azmf
f df
f
d
Sf
dk
dfH
aqmifa&;udpP)[k ta-umif;t&m a&;om;xm;aompma&muf&Sdvmonfa-umifh/ pmyg
tcsutvufrsm;ukd jzefΠa0vkuonf//
f
d f
(p) vmrnfh 1999ckEp/f arv (2&) &ufae@onf jrefrmEdiiwif ygwp'rua&pDpepfwnf
S
kfH G
D Hk D dk
axmif&eftwGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyusi;f ycJonfh (9) ESpajrmufae@jzpfonf? vGechJ
f
JG
h
f
f
aom (9) ESp/f 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@tcsewif jrefrmEdiiw0Sr;f vk;H &Sd jynfotaygi;fw@dk
hS
df G
kfH
l
onf tm%m&SipepfcsKy+f ir;f I tajccHvŒl tcGita&;rsm;uktmrcHaom 'Drua&pDpepf/ 'Drua&pD
f
d
hf
d
dk
dk
tpk;d &/ 'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf ppftpk;d &rS}u;D rª;usi;f yaom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
dk
kd f H
f
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif rdrEirrw@dk e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm; uk,pm;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d S fh d d
d f
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;ukd a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfaemufyi;f wGif jynfol
k f
f
f
‡
h
dk
vlx}k u;D rSm ‚if;wk@d a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;
f
‡
f
kd f
f
xm;aomjynfoŒl v$wawmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &w&yfay:xGe;f vma&;ukd ar#mvifaecJ=h uonf? ok‹d aomf
f
f h
jynforsm;ar#mvifonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &ay:xGe;f rvmbJ/ a&G;aumufyuusi;f y
l
f h
f
JG dk
ay;cJonfh AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;wk@d rS a&G;aumufyusi;f yrnftcseumvtwGi;f rdrw@dk ajymxm;onfh
h
d f
JG
h d f
d
pum;/ ay;xm;onfuwd/ a=unmxm;onftrde@f / xkwjf yefxm;onfOya'rsm;ukd ajAmifususcsKd ;
h
h
h
azgu+f yD;/ jynfow@dk .vkvm;csursm;ukd rsuu,ðf yxm;onfrm (9) ESpjf ynfawmhrnfjzpfonf?
l
d
f
f G
S
h
jynfovxu ppfreaom'Drua&pDtpk;d &ESihf 'Drua&pDEiiawmfuar#mvif.? &v'frm
l l k
Sf
dk
dk
dk f H
dk f h
S
vufeufEitm%mukd rw&m;tvGo;Hk pm;ðyolrsm;u uk,wi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f u|eðf yjcif;
S hf
J
d hf dk
ukc&.? ae@pOfEitr# jynfotrsm;'l;ESirsu&nfowI 'kursKd ;pkóH uHawGŒae&onftcsewif
dH
S hf
l
hf f
k f
Q
h d f G
AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;ESirom;pkw@dk onf ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum Ediiawmfp&dwjf zifh EdiitES@H tyef;ajz
d f
hf d
kfH
kfH
c&D;xGuEi.? AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;.taygi;f tygrsm;onf rd;k xJa&xJ uckeaysmyg;Edi=f u.? 'gawGukd
f kd f d f
f f k
230

231. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfoawGjrifatmif ±kyjf rifo=H um;rSaeIxkwvijhf yovkuao;onf? ae@pOfEitr# bk&m;wnf
l
f $
d f
S hf
ausmif;aqmufwmukvnf;jy.? wcsewnf;rSmyif vly*Kd~ va&;ukxcuapmfum;aom/ tifrwef
d
df
k f
d d dk f
,kwnorzsi;f vSonfh aºu;G a=umfoawGuvnf;xnfay;vkuao;onf? ukovwyJ i&Jwydm
f hH d f
H
fkd
h
d f
kd f
qkonfrm 'Dvvy&yfrsKd ;jzpfrnf? AkvcsKyr;ª }u;D ESifh taygi;f tygw@dk avmb/ a'go/ arm[/ twWrsm;
d
S
dk k f
d f f
zk;H v$r;f aeaoma=umifh jynfotrsm;qif;&J'ua&mufaeonfudk !Smwm/ pmempdwr&Sjd zpfae&
l
k Q
f
onf?
wki;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;ESiywfouf+y;D =unfrnfqygv#if aiGa=u;azmif;yGrEe;f tvGejf rifwuf+y;D
d
hf
h
dk
__
h
tajccHpm;aomufueypPn;f rsm;aps;wufvmI jynfoawGqif;&Jwi;f xJ epfoxufepfaecJ&+yjD zpf
kf
l
G
h
onf? aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;qkaomfvnf; jynfoawGqif;&Jve;f ojzifh b,faps;uGurmrS pD;yGm;a&;
f
d
l
G
fS
vkyEirnfr[kw? vkyEiwmuawmh AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;.rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd ;wpkEitaygi;f tygawGyJ
f kd f
f
f dk f
d f
S fh
jzpf.? AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;wk@d Eitwl taygi;f tygawG csr;f omae=uaomfvnf; wki;f jynf.pD;yGm;a&;
d f
S hf
d
c|wòf cHus+yD; jynfoawG qif;&JrawaecJ&+yDjzpfonf? b,foaoao iawrm&if+yD;a&mqkwm
l
JG
h
l
d
'gyJ jzpfvrrnf?
d hf
ynma&;ESiywfoufv#if ausmif;awGywxm;&wm=umcJ+h yD jzpfonf? ausmif;om;awGu
fh
d f
‚if;wk@d .vktyfcsuawG/ qENawGudk xkwaz:awmif;qk=d uonf? 'gudk AkvcsKyfr;ª }uD;wk‹d u rw&m;
d
f
f
d f
±kuEuzrf;qD;+y;D &mESicsaomausmif;om;rsm;tm; ESp&naxmif'%fawGcsypf.? wcsKd Œ ausmif;
d fS f
hf D
fS f
om;rdbrsm;rSm rdrw@dk .om;orD;awG aovm;&Sivm;/ b,fae&ma&mufaeonfqwm rod&onfh
d
f
dk
tjzpfua&mufae&onf? tvGea=uuGp&maumif;vSonf? 'Dvvyvujf cif;jzifh ausmif;om;awG
kd
f
J
dk k f dk
ua=umufom;rnf? &GŒH oGm;rnf/ +ircaernf[xifaeygovm;// jrefrmhordi;f ukjd yef+y;D =unfvuyg?
G
dfH
k
k
h dk f
Ediivwvyfa&;twGuóf u;d yrf;cJ=h uaom/ acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;tm; rnfonfae&mu arG;zGm;vm
kfH G f
h
cJoenf; rqvwygwtm%m&Sipepftm; ðywfusom;atmif p+y;D awmfveconfrm b,foawG
h
D
f
G
S f hJ
S
l
jzpfoenf;? 'Dorki;f awGukd azsmufv@dk &r,fxifaeygovm;? 'Dvpw"gwrsKd ;ukzsuv@dk &r,f xifae
d
dk d f f d f
ygovm;? enf;enf;av;rS r&Ediyg? ausmif;om;qkwm Edii&ŒJ &wem/ ynma&;qkwm Edii&ŒJ tkwf
kf
d
kfH
d
kfH
jrpf? tckawmh ausmif;awGuyw/f ausmif;om;awGuaxmifcs/ ynma&;pepfutrsKd ;rdsK;ajymif;/
dk d
dk
dk
'Dvenf;awGo;Hk +y;D AkvcsKyr;ª }u;D wk@d . tm%mwnf+ra&;ESihf uk,usKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf zsuq;D jypfvuf
dk
d f f
J
d f
f
dk
aoma=umifh ,ae@tcsewif Edii.ynma&;pepfonf vk;H 0ysup;D oGm;cJ+h yDjzpfonf? ynma&;
d f G kfH
f
pepftm;zsuq;D ypfjcif;onf wki;f jynf.tem*wftm; zsuq;D ypfvuonfEihf twlwyifjzpf
f
d
f
dk f
S
l
onf?
aemufta=umif;t&mwckrm wyfrawmfEiywfoufonfupjP zpfonf? Ekiiudk b,f'rdk
S
S hf
h d
dfH
D
ua&pDtpk;d &tkycsKyf/ tkycsKyf/ wyfrawmfonf EdiiuumuG,apmifa&Smuf&ef Edii0efxrf;
f
f
k f H dk
f
h
k f hH
taejzifh &Sae&rnfjzpfonf? zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'ukd av;pm;vkuemaom wyfrawmfjzpf&rnf?
d
H
d f
'Duae@wyfrawmfonf vk;H 0ysup;D ae+yDjzpfonf? wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf ,leazmif;ta&mif
f
D
taoG;wln=D uaomfvnf;/ pdw"gwrsm;rwln=D uawmhyg? ppfwyftwGi;f EkiiuumuG,apmifh
f f
d f H dk
f
a&Smufvaom ppfom;ppfppf wyfrawmfom;/ t&m&S/d t&mcH/ t=uyf/ wyfom;rsm;&SouJo@dk
dk
d h
rdrw@dk u,usKd ;pD;yGm;wckxu=dk unfonfh wyfrawmft&m&Sd }u;D / i,faygi;f rsm;pGm &dae=u+yjD zpfonf?
d dk f
J
h
S
jynfoawGuEypufaomppfom;/ ppfaxmufvr;f a&;awGuvnf; ae&mtESyif&ae=uonf?
l
dk dS f
S
H dS
231

232. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
Ediiawmftm%modr;f umpwGif ppfwi;f rª;rsm;tm; (e0w) tpk;d &tzGŒJ xJ xnfoi;f I
kfH
dk
h G
rm&S,avmtm%mtyfEi;f +yD;/ ‚if;ESiqiaomwki;f twGi;f bk&ifwyg;uJo‹dk vkycsi&mvkycihf
f
S
hf fdk f
d
h
f f
fG
ay;xm;cJonf? aemufyi;f wGif ppfwi;f rª;rsm;u ‚if;wk@d xufwm0ef}u;D aomolrsm;tm; ajc&mwki;f
h
dk
dk
d
+yD; xif&mpki;f vmaoma=umifh xde;f rEkiI 0ef}uD;&mxl;ajymif;ay;+yD; aemufq;Hk ðzwfjypf&onfh
d
df
tajctaeok@d a&mufom;&onf? ,ckvnf; jyifqifxm;&jyefonf? tpm;xk;d cef@xm;onfh wki;f rª;
G
d
rsm;ukd 0ef}uD;&mxl;wk;d ay;+yD;/ aemuf wki;f rª;topfawGcef@xm;vkuonf?
d
d f
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tm; Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;
kfH
f
dfH
fh
a&;aumifp[k trnfajymif;cJonf? (etz) tzGŒJ xJwif ppfwi;f rª;tm;vk;H ukd xnfoi;f xm;onf?
D
h
G
dk
h G
0ef}u;D tzGŒJ xJwif Akvr;ª }u;D rS AkvcsKyfr;ª }u;D txdygaomfvnf;/ tcsKd ŒXmersm;wGif 0ef}u;D u Akvr;ª
G d f
d f
d f
}u;D qkv#if 'k-0ef}u;D u Akvr;ª csKyfjzpfaeonf? ppfwyfxrm &mxl;wm0eftvkuf txufatmuf
d
d f
JS
d
tvGeav;pm;&aomfvnf;/ ,cktcdsewif txufatmuf ajymif;jyefpepfjzpfaeonf? wki;f rª;awG
f
f G
d
u (etz) tzGŒJ 0ifawGjzpf+yD; 0ef}uD;awGuawmh (etz) tzGŒJ 0ifawGatmuf a&mufom;.? xkd
G
0ef}u;D rsm;vnf; b,fawmhðywfrnf/ b,fawmhtzrf;cH&rnfudk ylyifae&.? vlwpku olw‹dk acsmuf
xJusawmhrnfuoaeaoma=umifh ðywfruseiatmif aemufvawGuygwxm;onfh oabmyif
dk d
dk f
l
dk GJ
jzpfonf? 'Dvtajctaetm;vk;H ukd òcHio;Hk oyfv#if wyfysuae+yDjzpfonf? 'DvtajctaersKd ;ok@d
dk
Hk
f
kd
a&mufaeaomwyfrawmf.tem*wfonf aumif;Ekirnfr[kwawmhyg? jynfocspaom/ av;pm;
df
f
l f
aom/ tm;}uD;aomwyfrawmfjzpfvmrnfr[kwouJo@dk wyfrawmfom;awG cspcif/ av;pm;
f h
f
=unf!/dk tm;uk;d aom AkvcsKy}f u;D awG/ OD;pD;csKyawG ay:xGuvmEkirnfr[kwacs? txufaz: jyyg
d f
f
f df
f
jzpf&yfq;dk rsm;onf tm%m&Sipepfa=umifyifjzpfonf? tm%m&Sipepf.qk;d usKd ;onf jynfojl ynf
f
h
f
om;rsm;ESitwl wyfrawmfom;awGygc&.? EdiitwGuvnf; xdcuepfemqk;H ±_;H .? urBmtv,f
hf
H
kfH
f
dk f
h
wGif t&Su&.? tm%m&Sipepfuzsuor;f +yD; jynfo@l qENEitnD ppfreaom'Drua&pDpepfom
f
f
dk f d
S hf
Sf
dk
ay:xGe;f vmv#if ,ckvtajctaeqk;d awGcsKyf+idr;f +yD; wki;f oljynfom;rsm; +idr;f csr;f pGmae&rnfjzpf
kd
d
onf? Ekiivnf;wk;d wufzŒHG òz;d vmrnfjzpfonf? wki;f oljynfom;qkonftxJwif wyfrawmfom;
dfH
d
d h
G
rsm;vnf;yg.? wyfrawmfom;rsm;. rdb/ aqGrsKd ;/ nDtukarmifErawGvnf;yg.? +ir;f csr;f om,m
d
S
d
+y;D acwfrw;dk wufaom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:xGe;f vmEkib@dfk twGuf ,cktcsewif trSewu,f
DS
dk
kd f H
df
df G
f
vkyaqmif&rnfrm Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD (ppftpk;d &) tm; zsuor;f I
f
S dfH
f d
jynfovxua&G;cs,wifajr‡mufay;vkuaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;
l l k
f
d f
f
kd f
f
xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfEihf jynfoŒl tpk;d &w&yf wnf&aezk@d yif jzpfonf?
f
S
dS
1990 jynfEpuusi;f ycJonfa&G;aumufyonf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyjGJ zpfonf?
hSf
h h
JG
f
zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'wckwnf;ukoma&;qGaom wki;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfa&G;aumufyr[kwacs?
H
d
J
d
f
JG
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufya=umifh ay:xGe;f vm&rnfvwawmfonf jynfoŒl v$wawmfomv#if
f
JG
h $ f
f
jzpf&rnf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif Oya'ðya&;tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m/ tkycsKyfa&;tm%m
f
G
f
ok;H &yfpvk;H &Sonf? xkvwawmf.vkyyicitm%mrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
d
d $ f
f dk f G hf
f
kd f
f
tm; jynfoutyfEi;f xm;+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh rnfonftzGŒJ tpnf;/ rnfonftpk;d &urS Oya'/
l
S
h
h
trde@f / a=unmcsursm;jzifh y,fzsuIr&acs?
f
f
232

233. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
,cktcsetcgwif jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lrnfh Ekiia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;ESifh jynfoŒl v$wf
df
G
f
dfH
D
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDvnf; &Sae+yjD zpfonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@dk wufa&mufrnfh Ekiiw0Sr;f
kd f
d
f
dfH
vk;H rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;vnf; tqifoif&ae=u+yjD zpfonf? jynfoawGuvnf;/
f
kd f
f
h dS
l
‚if;wk@d a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;vkuaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESifh zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh
f
‡
d f
f
kd f
f
jynfo@l vwawmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &ESifh ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:xGe;f vmonfudk jrifae
$ f
S f
dk
kd f H
csi=f uonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;uvnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfY jynfoŒl tusKd ;pD;yGm;
f
kd f
f
f
rsm;tm; aqmif&u&if;/ wki;f oljynfom;awG trSewu,f +ir;f csr;f om,m+y;D zGŒH òz;d wk;d wufonfh
G f
d
f
d
ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiiawmf}uD;ukd wnfaqmuf&rnftcsetcg ok@d a&mufae+yDjzpfonf?
S f
dk
kd f H
h d f
ppftpk;d &[lonf ppfwyfEitpk;d &ukaygi;fpyf+yD;ac:wGijf cif;jzpfonf? tpd;k &onf Ekiiudk
S fh
d
dfH
pDrcef@ctycsKy&onf? ppfwyfonf EkiiuumuG,apmifa&Smuf&onf? xdtzGŒJ tpnf;ESp&yfonf
H JG k f f
d f H dk
f h
k
f
oD;jcm;t&nftaoG;&S=d uonf? ,if;t&nftaoG;ESp&yftm; a&maESmI (ppftpk;d &) trnf
f
wGionfh tm%m&SitzGŒJ ukd zGŒJ v#if t&nftcsi;f r&Sonfh tpk;d &vnf;jzpf/ *k%oumrJonfh wyfr
f
f
d
f d Q h
awmfvnf; jzpf&rnfrm trSeyifjzpfonf? ,ckyif vufawGΗuHae&+yDjzpfonf?
S
f
ok@d ygaoma=umifh AkvcsKyfr;ª }u;D wk@d onf rdrw@dk bmomzGŒJ pnf;xm;aom Ekiiawmfat;csr;f
d f
d
dfH
om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD (ppftpk;d &) ukd zsuor;f +yD; rdrw@dk ay;cJonfh uwdu0wftwki;f
f d
d
h
d
ppfwef;vsm;od@k jyef=uyg&ef av;av;eufeufawmif;qkvuonf?” (qk;H )
d kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqkvqef; (3)&uf?
S
d
1999 ckEp/f ZGev (15) &uf?
S f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGJ ŒcsKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
233

234. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 37 (6§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@csKyf/ &efuewi;/ r*Fvm'kòH rŒe,f pnf;±k;a&;tzGŒJ 0ifa[mif;rsm;
dk
J
k f dk f
H
jzpf-uaom OD;}unf0if;ESifh OD;wifxe;armifwŒkd ESiywfoufI oufqi&m r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,f
Gf
fh
dk f
pnf;±k;a&;tzGŒJ u/ tzGŒJ csKyf OuUXxHoŒkd ay;ykŒd onfpmukd odom&efjzefŒa0vkuonf?
H
h
d f
(p) 1? tzGŒJ csKyf. pnf;vk;nD!wrudk ysujf ym;ap&efvyaqmifconfh OD;oef;xGe; (a';'&J)ESifh
H
G f _
k f
hJ
f
yl;aygi;f cJaom r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
h
f
kd f
OD;=unf0if; ESifh rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
OD;wifxe;f armifw@kd .vky&yftm; jyif; xefpm±_wcsca=umif;ukd òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh
G
f
G
f hJ
od&c+hJ yD;jzpfygonf? òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taeESivnf;
dS
fh
,if;jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifxe;f armifEifh OD;=unf0if;
f
dk f
f
G
S
wd@k .vky&yfudk t,kt=unfr&Syga=umif;ESihf ,if;wd@k (2) OD;tm; jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonfh
f
H
d
G
f dk f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuuvnf;
f
kd f
f dk
tjynft0axmufctyfygonf?
h
H
2//
xkuo@kd tzGŒJ csKy.pnf;vk;H nD!wrudk ysujf ym;ap&efvyaqmifconfh OD;wifxe;f armif
d hJ
f
G f_
kf
hJ
G
ESifh OD;=unf0if;wd@k . vGrm;aomvky&yfonf òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESifh rnfo@kd r#ywfoufjcif;r&Syg?
JS
f
d
‚if;wk‹d (2) OD;.vky&yfrsm;omjzpfygonf? òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifvnf; ‚if;wd@k (2) OD;tm;
f
h
TtpD&ifcpmjzifh jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuygonf?
H
G
f dk f
3?
xd@k tjyif tzGŒJ csKyfA[ktvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ . --- pmjzifh OD;wifxe;f armifEifh OD;=unf
d
f
G
S
0if;wk@d tm; ay;tyfxm;aom tzGŒJ csKyfwm0efrsm;ukd ,m,D&yfqi;f vkuonfh !¸e=f um;csuEifh
dk d f
f S
-- jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (18) OD; (OD;wifxe;f armifEifh OD;=unf0if;tygt0if) wk@d onf
f
kd f
G
S
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyftm; vkH;0udk,fpm;rðyawmhonfh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfa=umif;
ta=umif;=um;onfh !¸e=f um;csutm;vnf; tjynft0axmufca=umif;ESihf ,if;wk@d (2) OD;
f
h
H
234

235. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
tm;vnf; òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzihf rnfonfwm0efr# ay;tyfxm;jcif;r&Syg?
h
d
4?
òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;udvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl
f
k
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;. aqmif&ucsursm;
f
kd f
dk
G f f
ukvnf;aumif;/ tjynft0axmufcyga=umif;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. !¸e=f um;csuf
d
h
H
rsm;ukd ,k=H unfrtjynfjh zifh 'Drua&pD&&Sonfwif qufvufvuemaqmif&uom;rnfjzpfyg
_
dk
d h dk
dk f
G f G
a=umif; tpD&ifcwifjytyfygonf?
H
5?
TtpD&ifcpmonf r*Fvm'kòH rŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ
H
dk
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;rsm;jzpfygonf?” (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqkvqef; (11) &uf?
S
d
1999ckEp/f ZGev (23) &uf?
S f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGJ ŒcsKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 38 ( 6§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ w&m;0ifrwywifxm;onf/h w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;EdiiH
dk
S f Hk
kf
a&;udprsm;udk jynf0pGmaqmif&uyici&aom Ediia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynhEp/f arvY
P
h
G f fkd f G hf dS
kfH
D
f S
usi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif oufqi&mrJqEN&if jynfovx.
h
D Hk D kd
dk f
S
l l k
wcJeufaxmufcrj_ zifh tEki&cJ=h uaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onfvnf;/ Ediiawmf
H
df
f
kd f
f
kfH
jyefwrf;wGixnfoi;f a=unmxm;aom w&m;0ifvwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh
f h G
$ f
kd f
f
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrta&G;cs,cu,pm;vS,rsm;onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf awmfu,f
kd
fS
f H kd f
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonf?
f
2?
xkw&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmf ray:
d
f
kd f
f
f
aygurcsi;f rnfonfy*K~ v/f rnfonftzGŒJ tpnf;ur# xkwy,fjcif;/ todtrSwrðyjcif;/ vlwpk
f
hk d
h
f
f
235

236. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tm; +cr;f ajcmuf/ t=uyfui/f vSnzsm;um t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh
d
kd
hf
H
H
d
t"rRvy}f uyrsm;udk vkyaqmifapjcif;rsm; vk;H 0vkyyicir&Say? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
k H JG
f
f kd f G hf d
f
kd f
rsm;ud,wiyif/ w&m;Oya'enf;vrf;t&r[kwv#if rdrqENoufoufjzifh E_wxuyicir&Say?
k f dk f
f
d
f G f kd f G hf d
w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfuomv#if Oya'pnf;urf;t&E_wxuciðhf yjcif;/ xkwy,fjcif; ponf
f
f G fG
f
wk‹d ðyvkyEionf?
f dk f
3?
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tm; ta=umif;rJ/h w&m;Oya'rJ/h t,kH
f
kd f
f
t=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vky}f uyrsm;udk yk*K~ vwOD;uaomfvnf;aumif;/
H
d
H JG
d f
tzGŒJ tpnf;wckuaomfvnf;aumif;/ vlwpkukd tok;H csIvkyuiaejcif;onf/ Ekiiwuma&G;
f kd f
dfH
aumufyrsm;. Oya'/ vkyx;Hk vkyenf; tpOftvmrsm;udk qef@usijf cif;jzpfonf? jrefrmEdii/H
JG
f
f
kf
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csursm;udk
dfH
D
f Hk
f
f
qef@usijf cif;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;. tESpom&ESihf teuft"dyg` ,uzsuq;D jcif;jzpfonf?
f
f kd f
jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. w&m;Oya'udvuemaom tavhtusiuzsuq;D jcif;jzpfonf? tm%m
k dk f
hf kd f
ydirsm;u/ tm%mudk tvGetu|tok;H ðyjcif;jzpfonf? tm%mydirsm;ud,wif w&m;Oya'udk
kf
f
H
kf
k f dk
csKd ;azgujf cif;jzpfonf?
4?
EkiiwEkiiwif rjzpfoifaom/ rvkyoihaomudp&yfrsm; jzpfay:vkyuijf cif;onf/ trsKd ;
dfH dfH G
h
f f
P
f kd
om;*k%oumudusqif;aponfukd tav;teufowdxm;&rnfjzpfonf? Ekiiordi;f udk trnf;
f d Q k
dfH k
a&mifq;dk jcif;jzpfonf? Ekii.ypPKy`etajctaeudk aESmuf,uzsuq;D jcif;jzpfonf? Ediitem*wf
dfH
f
S f f
kfH
ukd [ef@wm;ydwq‹dk jcif;jzpfonf? trsKd ;om;oifjh rwfa&;/ wki;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk rESpòf rŒd
f
d
G f
rvkvm;jcif;jzpfonf?
d
5?
od@k aomf ,if;uJo@kd tav;teufxm;tyfonfrsm;ukd rsuu,ðf yum/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
h
f G
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcH
f
kd f
f
H
awmha=umif;qkonfh t"rRvy}f uyrsm;udk vlwpkutok;H csv#u/f tm%mydiw@dk uvkyaqmifae
d
k H JG
kd
kf
f
=uqJjzpfonf?
6?
,ck =um;odae&onfrm/ {&m0wDwi;f / "EkjzLòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(1)rS trsKd ;om;'Drkd
S
dk
f
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0if;jrihtm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0r
f
f
kd f
f
k
axmufcawmha=umif;qkonf/h t"rR vlwpkatmf[pfyu/dk ðyvky&efppOfaeonf[k =um;od&onf?
H
d
JG
f D
,if;rJqENe,frS OD;0if;jrif&&Saom ckivrta&twGurm (20388) rJjzpf+yD; &mckiEe;f tm;jzifh
h d
d f Hk J
f S
df _
(55²57) &mckiEe;f jzpfonf?
df _
7?
236
,if;od@k t"rR atmf[pfyJG ðyvky&eftwGuf f
(u) 2-6-99 &ufae@wif qum}uD;aus;&Gm/ tm%mudif tzGŒJ cG±;Hk cef;Y/ qum}uD;
G
k
J
wkue,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmtm%muditzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf }u§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud/k òrŒd e,f
d f
kf
›H
}u§zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª; OD;pd;k 0if;qkoEihf tzGŒJ u awGŒqktpnf;ta0;ðyvkyI/ OD;0if;jrifh
›H
d lS
H
f

237. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
tm; t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif; vlwpkatmf[pfyðJG yvky&ef/
H
H
f
wtdrwufqif; vduvvufrwa&;xd;k &ef vrf;!¸eonf[o&&onf?
f
k f H
S f
f
k d dS
(c) 3-6-99 &ufae@wif qum}uD;wkue,f/ vufqacsmif;aus;&GmwGif OD;0if;qdol
G
d f
JG
k
OD;aqmifaomtzGŒJ u uGi;f qif;aqmif&uonf[o&onf?
G f
k d
(*) 3-6-99 &ufae@wif oðywkue,f/ awmif}uD;aus;&GmwGi/f aus;&Gmtm%mydif
G
d f
k
tzJŒG OuUÏ apmwifcsKd qdo/l }uH§zGŒH tvkytrªaqmif &Jav;qko/l wpnygwrS
k
›
f
d
D
OD;atmif!e@f qow@kd OD;aqmif+yD;/ q,ftrr;ª / &mtdrr;ª rsm;u/ aus;&GmtwGi;f &Sd
¸ dk l
d f
f
touf (18) ESp&owi;f udk twif;t=uyfvufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f onf[o&onf?
f dS l dk
S f
k
k d
(C) 6-6-99 &ufae@n tcdsewi/f pHuif;wdue,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;Y }u§zGŒH toif;
f G
k f
›H
0ifrsm;u/ wtdrwufqif;oGm;I touf (18) ESp&orsm;udk t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d
f
f dS l
S f
cdi;f onf[o&onf?
k
k d
(i) 6-6-99 &ufae@wif oðyaus;&Gm tm%muditzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;ausmcifqo/l }uH§zGŒH
G
kf
f dk
›
toif;0if udpef;atmifqo/l &mtdrr;ª OD;xGe;f !¸e@f qo/l OD;at;armifqoEihf
k
dk
f
kd
kd l S
OD;jrpk;d qkow@dk u/ &Gmol&mom;rsm;udk aus;&Gmpm=unfwuwif pka0;ap+y;D / jynfoŒl
d l
G
h dk f G
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0if;jriftm; raxmufcawmha=umif; t"rRvufrwa&;
f
kd f
h
H
S f
xk;d cdi;f onf[o&onf? rxk;d olrsm;tm; ay:ayguvmrnfh jyemtcuftcJrsm;
k
k d
f
twGuf rxk;d olrsm;.wm0efomjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufajymqkonf[k qkonf?
d
d
(p) jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0ifjrif. rJqENe,fwiyg0ifaom wDauGaus;&Gm
$ f
kd f
h
Gf
wGif wpnpnf;±k;H a&;rª; OD;atmifaiGqo/l }u§zGŒH &yf§aus;acgi;f aqmif udae0if;qkd
kd
›H
k
olw@kd u/ tdraxmifpZ,m;rsm;udk odr;f ,l+yD;/ &Gmbke;f }uD;ausmif;twGi;f &Gmom;
f
k
rsm;udk pka0;apum/ t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f onf[k od&onf?
S f
k
8?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'wGif ,if;uJo@kd / ravsm=f oZmok;H jcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmuf
f
h
vSnzsm;jcif;/ tm%mudk tvGetu|o;Hk jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
hf
f
H
f
kd f
rsm;ud/k toa&zsuci/hf ±_wcsci/hf y,fzsucirsm; vk;H 0jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Syg? ,if;vky&yfonf
fG
f G
f G hf
d
f
Oya'udausmeif;onfh vky&yfomjzpfonf?
k
f
f
9?
,if;od@k rif;rJp±duqefpm/ vlwpk. t"rRp±;kH atmf[pfywi/f yl;aygi;f yg0if/ }uHpnf/ vkyf
h k f G
k
JG G
aqmif=uaomolrsm;onf jypfrqi&mOya'/ 1950 jynfEpf ta&;ay:pDrrtufOya'/ Oya'
_ kd f
h S
H _
trSwf 5§96 yg yk'rtcsKd Œwd@k Eihf +ipe;f aea=umif;awGŒ&onf? ,if;od@k r[kwrw&m;vky&yfrsm;udk
f
S dG
f
f
jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
G f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqkvqkwf (1) &uf?
S
d
1999 ckEp/f ZGev (28) &uf?
S f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
237

238. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 39( 7§99)
1?
ppfui;f wdi;f / rk&mòrdŒe,f trSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
kd k H G
dk
w&m;0ifjynfolŒv$wfawmfudfk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfpkd;ESifh OD;apmatmifwkd@tm;
t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlwpk atmf[pfyðJG yvkyEi&ef rk&mc±diEihf
k
H
d
f dk f H G k f S
òrŒd e,f }u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ vdrvnfvnpm;I/ e,fajrcH jynfovxk
›H
f
S hf
l l
tm;/ vufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f aeonf[k =um;od&onf?
S f
k
2?
,if;}uH§zGŒH toif;0ifqorsm;onf/ rk&mòrdŒe,f (v0u) ±k;H rSawmif;,lvmonf/h tdrf
›
dk l
HG
axmifppm&if;ykppm&Guvwrsm;udtoH;k ðyvsu/f rk&mòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;/ &yfuursm;
k
HH
f G f
k
HG
G f
od@k vSnvnf+yD;/ wtdrwufqif;0ifa&mufum vuf&Zuf&jJ zifh +cdr;f ajcmufajymqk+d yD;/ touf
hf
f
J
(18)ESpjf ynf+h yD;olrsm;tm;/ ,if;ykppm&Guvway:wGif t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d cki;f aeonf[k od&
H H
f G f
S f
d
onf? xk@d jyif ,if;}u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ &yfuuat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifptzGŒJ 0if
›H
G f
D
rsm;udk / (v0u) rS ,if;wk@d ,vmaom ykppm&Guvwrsm;udk ay;+yD;/ oufqi&m &yf§aus; &Sd
l
H H
f G f
dk f
touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D olrsm;.vufrwukd t"rRt&,lay;&rnf[k txufp;D jzifh tm%mjycdi;f
S f
k
aponf[k od&&onf?
dS
3?
&yf§aus; tkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ t"rR vufrwa&;xd;k cki;f jcif;.ta=umif;&if;udk
f
S f
d
ar;jref;=uonftcg/ }u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp.
h
›H
dfH
D
jynfoŒl tusKd ;ðyvkyief;rsm;udk axmufca=umif;odvI vufrwx;dk cdi;f jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ vdrvnf
f
H
dk
S f k
f
nm0g;Iajz=um;onf[k od&&onf?
dS
4?
,if;od@k aus;&Gm&yfuursm;od@k twif;t"rRvufrwvux;kd cki;f jcif;udprm òrŒd e,fat;
G f
S f kd f d
PS
csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp.!¸e=f um;csur[kwa=umif;/ òrdŒe,ftm%mykitzGŒJ . !¸ef
D
f
f
df
=um;csuryg&a=umif;/ pkprf;ar;jref;od&&aomtcgwi/f tcsKd Œaom &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ 0if
f dS
H
dS
G
kf
rsm;u/ }uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;.cdi;f apcsuujkd iif;y,f+yD;/ ykppm&Gursm;udk jyefvnfay;tyf=u
›
k
f
H H
f
onf[k od&&onf? tcsKd Œ&yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ wm0efaus±“pwd” oabmr#om
dS
kf
Hk
vkyaqmifay;cJonf[k od&onf?
f
h
5?
}uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;onf/ rk&mòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;od@k om;a&muf+yD; &Gmol&m
›
HG
G
G
om;rsm;tm;/ t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f &mwGif “jyemray:csi&if vufrwomxd;k vkuyg”/
S f
k
f
S f
d f
238

239. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vufrwrxk;d csiv&ygw,f/ txufuqif;vm&ifawmh/ ud,jf yem ud,&i;f &vdrr,f”/
S f
f J
k
k f S
hf
bmtwGuvufrwx;kd &ovJqwm usKyfw@dk urar;eJ@/ odcsi&if (r,u) oGm;ar;/ “vufrwf
f
S f
dk
kd
f
S
xk;d &ifvytm;ay;rvku&bl;/ aiGvnf;raumufap&bl;” tp&Sonfjzifh trsKd ;rsKd ;+cdr;f ajcmuf
k f
d f
d
vnfq,fIajym=um;=uonf[vnf; od&&onf? xk@d jyif &Gmol&mom;rsm;u vufrwx;dk ray;
k
dS
G
S f
vkuonf/h ykppm&Gursm;wGif }uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u ‚if;wd@k zmom vufrwrsm;a&;xk;d I
d f
H H
f
›
S f
ta&twGujf ynfatmif/ vkyaqmif=uonf[k od&onf?
h
f
6?
rk&mòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGi;f &Sd “&if;yef” aus;&Gmtygt0if aus;&GmtcsKd ŒY
H G
}u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f ,Hr#ru/ ‚if;wk@d .c&D;p&dwEihf pm;p&dwtwGu/f
›H
S f
k k
fS
f
wtdraxmifv#if (20) usyEe;f / twif;t=uyfawmif;cHom;onf[vnf; =um;od&onf?
f
f_
G
k
7?
,if;uJo@dk }uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ jynfovxtay: Yvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;toif;
h
›
l l k
tzGŒJ rsm;tay: Yvnf;aumif;/ Advus/ pd;k rd;k / +cr;f ajcmuf/ t=uyfui/f t"rRðy vGr;f rk;d um tEkiusihf
k f
d
kd
df
aeonfuvnf;aumif;/ ,if;wk@d Eihf rnfo@kd r# roufqionfh Ekiia&;&mudprsm;wGif 0ifa&mufpuf
kd
S
dk f
dfH
P
G
zuf aESmuf,uf jc,fv,aeonfuvnf;aumif;/ &yfwef;u&yfci;f &ef oufqi&mwm0ef&ol
S
S f
kd
dk
dk f
dS
rsm;tm; jyif;xef;pGmwkuwe;f vkuonf?
d f G d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqdvjynfausmf (10) &uf?
S
k
h
2000 jynfEp/f Zlviv (7) &uf?
hS
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 40 ( 7§99)
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfrm (10) vwGi;f od@k yif
f
dk f
f
S
a&muf&ae+yDjzpfonf? ,ckuo@dk tcse=f umjrifpmxde;f odr;f xm;jcif;a=umifh ud,pm;vS,rsm;.
dS
hJ
d
hG
k f
f
use;f rma&;tajcaeonf wjznf;jznf;xdcuvm=ua=umif; od&&onf?
dk f
dS
239

240. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
rauG;wki;f / a&eHacsmif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2)rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
d
f
dk
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfol OD;cifausm[eftm; (6-6-99) &ufae@wif
f
dk f
f
f
G
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;rS aetdro@kd acwWjyefy@kd ay;onf[o&onf? ,ckt}urjf yefvm&mwGi/f rdom;pk
f
k d
d
u owdðyrdonfrm OD;cifausm[ef. use;f rma&;tajctaeqk;d 0g;vm+y;D odoomom}u;D ydeus
S
f
d
f
oGm;onf[qonf? OD;cifausm[efrm (3)&uftwGi;f t}ur(50)ausmf 0rf;av#mum/ tdra&muf
k kd
f S
df
f
onftxd0rf;av#mr&yfao;a=umif; od&&onf?
Sd
3?
oufqi&mwm0ef&orsm;taejzifh xde;f odr;f cHu,pm;vS,rsm;. use;f rma&;aq;ppf
dk f
dS l
kd f
f
aq;jcif;udk wvw}urcef@om a,bk,sppfaq;r_rsKd ;om ðyvkyay;onf[k od&onf? wu,fwrf;
df
f
ruse;f rmonhtcgwivnf;aumif;/ xdcu'%f&m temw& jzpfonftcgwivnf;aumif;/
f
Gf
dk f
h
Gf
ud,p&dwEiu,tuketuscI uko=u&onf[k qkonf?
k hf f S hf kd f
f
H
d
4?
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;Y OD;cifausm[ef0rf;av#mojzifh "mwfqm;a&aomufjcif;/ ta=um
f
aq;oGi;f jcif; ponfjzifh aq;ukocH,&mwGi/f ud,p&dwu,usc&onfjzpf&m aiG (2000) usycef@
l
k hf f kd f H
f
ukefoGm;onf[k od&Sd&onf? ,cifw}udrfwGifvnf; OD;cifausmf[ef. b,fzufvufcv,f
rawmfwq xdcu'%f&m&pOfuvnf; rdrp&dwjf zifrrd aq;0g;uko&onfjzpf&m aiG (2000)
kd f
d
h d
usycef@ ukeusconf[vnf; od&&onf?
f
f hJ
k
dS
5?
ewfarmufòrŒd e,frS vGwawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;onf vnfacsmif;emI tpmròrEio
f
kd f
f
d dk f
jzifvnf;aumif;/ izJòrŒd e,frvwawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;onf qD;ausmufwnfojzifvnf;aumif;
h
S $ f
dk f
f
h
aq;0g;ukor_c,&mwGif rdrw@dk p&dwjf zifyif uko=u&onf[k =um;od&onf?
H l
d
h
6?
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHvwawmfu,pm;vS,f (6) OD; ESihf apmif=h uyfol (4) OD; aygi;f (10) OD;
$ f
kd f
twGuf [if;csup&mzd;k aiG wae@v#if (1400) usyay;onf[k od&onf? wOD;v#if aiG (140)
f
f
usyEe;f omay;jcif;jzpfonf? qefb;kd aiGxnhaygi;f =unhv#i/f cef@re;f ajc wOD;v#if w&ufaiG (200)
f_
f
f
S
usyxufrydEiay? od@k aomf ud,pm;vS,wOD;twGuf wae@aiG (350) usyEe;f au|;arG;onf
f
k dk f
k f
f
f _
[k oufqi&mwm0ef&ow@dk u/ toHvixm;onf[k =um;od&onf?
dk f
dS l
$ hf
240

241. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
7?
aexkipm;aomufa&;twGuf oifavsmonhf tok;H taqmifypPn;f rsm; rvkavmuf
df
h
f
H
onfjh yif a&vnf;vkvavmufavmufr&&Sojzifh a&rcsKd ;&aom&ufrsm;yif&onf[k od&&onf?
H Hk
d
dS
dS
8?
TuJo@dk aomtajctaersm;a=umih/f rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae=u&aom jynfoŒl
h
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. use;f rma&;tajctae usqif;,d,i;f um/ touftE &m,fjzpf
f
kd f
f
k G
W
ay:vmygu oufqiow@dk .wm0efomjzpfa=umif; a=unmvkuonf?
dk f l
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqkvjynfausmf (10)&uf?
S
d
h
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (7) &uf?
S
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 41 ( 7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuewi;/ &efuif;òrdŒe,f. OuUXa[mif;jzpfaom a':cif
dk
k f dk f
at;jrifEiywfoufI oufqi&mòrdŒe,fpnf;±k;a&tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfpmudk od
h S hf
dk f
H
h
om&efjzefΠa0vkuonf?
d f
(p)“ta=umif;t&m ?
? &efuif;òrdŒe,f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf
dk
f
ud,pm;vS,f (a':cifat;jrif) . vkyaqmifcsursm;tm; jyif;
k f
h
f
f
xefpmuef@uw±wcsjcif;?
G
G f_ f
1990 ckEp/f arv (27) &ufae@/ jrefrmEkiiH ygwpa&G;aumufywif &efuif;òrŒd e,ftrsKd ;om;
S
df
D Hk
JG G
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu,pm;ðy jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (a':cifat;jrif) onf jynfovx.
dk
f kd f
f
dk f
h
l l k
,k=H unfrtjynft0axmufcrjJ zifh tEki&&Sc+hJ yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf tod
_
h
H
df d
f
kd f
f
trSwðf ycH&oljzpfygonf?
241

242. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
,ckrl (a':cifat;jrif) onf tzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'oabmw&m;vrf;pOftay: òyuysup;D ap&ef
h
d JG f
ESihf jynfovx.axmufcwm0efay;r_tay: opPmrJrrsm;pGmjzifh wki;f jynftay: wGivnf;aumif;/
l l k
H
h_
d
f
jynfovxtay:wGivnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftay:wGivnf;aumif; aoGznfqef@usiaom vkyf
l l k
f
f
f
aqmifcsursm;onf ol.oabmxm;jzpfygonf?
f
&efuif;òrdŒe,f tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESihf vk;H 0roufqiyg? od@k ygaoma=umifh (14-6dk f
99) ae@wif tzGŒJ csKyfA[krxwjf yefaom a=unmcsutm; trsKd ;om'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf &efuif;òrŒd
G
dS k
f
dk
e,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ rS vk;H 0axmufca=umif;ESifh (a':cifat;jrif) . vkyaqmifrrsm;tay: jyif;jyif;
H
h
f
_
xefxef uef@uu±wcsvuyga=umif;wifjytyfygonf? &efuif;òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ rS jynfoŒl
G f _ f dk f
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtm; tjynft0axmufca=umif;ESihf OD;aqmifrtm;cH,I quf
f
kd f
h
H
l
l
vuf&yfwnfI óud;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; wifjytyfygonf?” (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueðf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f yxr0gqkvjynfausmf (15) &uf?
S
d
h
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (12) &uf?
S
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 42 ( 7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUXxHr/S Ekiiawmfat;csr;om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;a&;aumifpD
kd
dfH
f
hf d
OuUX xHodkŒ (14/ 7/ 99) &ufpGJjzifh ay;ydkŒcJho!fh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef
jzefŒa0vkuonf?
d f
(p) “ta=umif;t&m?
? “rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcxm;&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmf
H
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;. tajctae”?
k f
f
1?
&Sr;f jynfajrmufyi;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ jynfovxu vGwvyfI
kd
l l k
f
w&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh OD;oef;aX;tm;/ 6-9-98 &ufae@rpI tm%m
S
ydirsm;u rw&m;/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxm;cJygonf? tcdseumvrSm (11) vtwGi;f od@k a&muf
kf
f
h
f
&Sdaeyg+yD?
242

243. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
2?
OD;oef;aX;onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfh jynfolŒv$wfawmf
ud,pm;vS,wOD; jzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif w&m;±k;H csKyfa&SŒaewOD;vnf;jzpfygonf?
k f
f
3?
=um;od&onfowif;rsm;t& OD;oef;aX;tm;zrf;qD;xm;onfh tm%mydirsm;u/ ae&m
h
kf
xkicif;/ tpm;taomuf tp&Sonfw@dk twGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;taejzifh
df
d
f
kd f
f
qDavsmoifjh rwfap&ef aqmif&uay;jcif;r&S[k =um;od&ygonf?
f
G f
d
4?
,ck t cg OD ; oef ; aX; onf usef ; rma&;tajctae raumif ; jzpf v m+yD ;
ausmufuyfa&m*g pGuyfaeonf[k =um;od&ygonf? ‚if;a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&ef/ ukoay;jcif;
J
vk;H 0r&S? aq;0g;ay; jcif; vk;H 0 r&S[k od&ygonf? vlvcsi;f pmemjcif;vk;H 0uif;rJaeygonf?
d
d
l
h
5?
OD;oef;aX; onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . tzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpf+y;D / jynfoŒl v$wawmf
dk
f
ud,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonftm;avsmpm *k%oa&&Sonfy*K~ v}f u;D jzpfygonf? ‚if;.use;f rma&;
k f
f
h
fG
f
d hk d
twGuf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;aomolrsm;tay:wGif vk;H 0wm0ef&onfukd ta=umif;=um;ygonf?
dS
‚if;.touftE &m,fuxcuvmygv#if rw&m;Oya'rJzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh tm%m
W
kd d kd f
h
ydirsm;tay:wGiom vk;H 0 (vk;H 0) wm0ef&onfukd ta=umif;=um;ygonf//”(qk;H )
kf
f
dS
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,qkvqef; (3)&uf?
S
d d
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (15) &uf?
S
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
243

244. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 43 (7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rauG;wdi;/ rif;bl;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(2) jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
kf
f
awmf ud,pm;vS,f OD;vSp;ESihf ywfoufI oufqi&mòrdŒe,fpnf;±H;a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyf
k f
kd
kd f
k
odŒk ay;ydŒk onfh pmudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vduonf?
k f
(p) “ta=umif;t&m?
? trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftwGi;f pnf;vH;k nD!wrò_ yduap
kd
G f
JG
&efEihf a&SŒvkyief;pOfrsm;ysujf ym;ap&efvyaqmifcol rif;bl;òrdŒ
S
f
kf
hJ
e,f/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;vSp;kd .vky&yftay: uef@uuf
f
kd f
f
G
±_wcsjcif;?
f
1?
txufta=umif;t&mygupEiywfoufI rauG;wdi;f / rif;bl;òrŒd e,f/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&;
d P S hf
k
tzG@J Eihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u atmufygtwdi;f qH;k jzwfa=umif; wifjytpD&ifctyfygonf?
S
k
H
2?
kd
G f
JG
S
qH;k jzwfcsuf - trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ wGi;f pnf;vH;k nD!wrò_ yduap&efEihf
a&SŒvkyief;pOfrsm;ysujf ym;ap&ef&nf&,I tm%muditzGŒJ ESihf yl;aygi;f vkyaqmifcaom rif;bl;
f
G f
kf
f
hJ
òrdŒe,frS tzGŒJ csKyf. tvHawmfuuipIom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfa&G;cs,c&ol OD;vSp;kd
kd kd f JG
f
kd f
f
fH
ESihf taygi;f ygw@kd . vkyaqmifcsursm;tay: av;eufpmuef@uu±wcsvuygonf?
f
f
G
G f _ f kd f
(rif;bl;òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ . qH;k jzwfcsut&) ”(qk;H )
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqdvqef; (9) &uf//
S
d
k
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &uf//
S
kd f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
244

245. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 44 ( 7§99)
(rSwcsuf ? ? 1998 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (8)&ufaeŒu xkwjf yefa-unmcJonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
f
S
h
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a-unmcsutrSw(7)ESihf 1999 ckEp/f arv (27)&ufaeŒ (9)
kd f
f
f
S
ESpajrmuf ygwDp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG ESpywfvnfaeŒwGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
f
Hk D kd
f
f
kd
pm;ðyaumfrwD. qk;jzwfcsursm;ESihf yl;wGzwf±yg&ef?)
H
f
J +
1?
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (16) &ufae@u jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;
S
dk f
f
kd f
ta0;udusi;f ycJ&m atmufygw@dk wufa&mufonf?
k
h
OD;atmifa&$/ OD;at;omatmif/ OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;vGi/f
OD;vSaz/ OD;pk;d jrif/h OD;vGe;f wif/ OD;!¸e@f a0//
2?
tqkygtpnf;ta0;wGif d
(u) wdi;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDu wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wrwnfaqmufa&;
k
d
G f _
twGuf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkuprsm;ESiywfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk wifoi;f onf?
d
dP
hf
G
(c) b¾m§pD;yGm;§ukeo,a&;&maumfrwDu pD;yGm;a&;/ b¾ma&;/ tp&donfrsm;ESihf
f G f
S
ywfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk wifoi;f onf?
G
(*) ynma&;aumfrwDu jrefrmuav;rsm;ESihf ynma&;ESiywfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;ukd
hf
wifoi;f onf?
G
(C) use;f rma&;§vlra&;aumfrwDu aq;±krsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm; aus;vufuse;f rma&;
_
H
Xmersm;/ rdcifEiuav;use;f rma&; tp&donfw@dk EiywfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk
S hf
S
S hf
wifoi;f onf?
G
(i) tvkyorm;a&;&maumfrwDu tvkyorm;a&;&mESiywfoufonhf pmwrf;udk
f
f
fh
wifoi;f onf?
G
(p) jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDu jynfoŒl v$wawmfEiywfoufonfh pmwrf;ukd
f
f
S hf
wifoi;f onf?
G
(q) umuG,a&;aumfrwDu umuG,a&;ESiywfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;udk wifoi;f
f
f
hf
G
onf?
3?
onf?
awmifov,form;a&;&maumfrwDu oufqi&mt}uðH ypmwrf;wifoi;f &ef vkao;
l
dk f
G
d
245

246. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
4//
(u) wki;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD/ ynma&;aumfrwD/ umuG,a&;aumfrwDrsm;u
d
f
wifoi;f onfh t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;ESiywfoufI t"duta=umif;tcsursm;ESihf ywfoufonf
G
hf
f
wd@k uom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu aqG;aEG;=uonf?
kd
f
kd f
(c) Ekiiwumqufqa&;aumfrwD oufqi&mudprsm;udk aqG;aEG;onf?
dfH
H
dk f
P
(*) use&aeao;aom t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;ESiywfoufI qufvufaqG;aEG;oGm;rnf
f dS
hf
jzpfa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqkvqef; (9) &uf?
S
d
d
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (21) &uf?
S
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 45 (7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ {&m0wDwi;f usKd ufvwfòrŒe,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS tzGŒJ csKyf
kd
kd
J
udk ud,pm;ðycJonfa-umifom jynfovxu jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf a&G;
k f
h
h
l l k
f
kd f
f
aumufwifajrmufay;vduonfh OD;wif0if;ESiywfoufI òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyf
‡
k f
hf
k
od‹k ay;ydŒk onfh pmudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vduonf?
k f
(p)“{&m0wDwi;f / usKd uvwfòrŒd e,f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
kd
f
kd
onf (11-7-99) &ufae@wif vwfwavmjzpfay:aeaom Ediia&;tajctaet&yf&yfEihf ywf
G
kfH
S
oufI a0zefaqG;aEG;=u+yD; aqG;aEG;csursm;ESiq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk wifjytpD&ifctyfygonf?
f
hf
f
H
1?
246
usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,fajrwGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,pm;
kd
k f

247. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
ðyI 1990 jynfEpf arv (27) &ufae@wiusi;f yaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY
h S
Gf
D kH D kd
JG
0ifa&muf,Oòf yicaom tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif0if;onf (14˜351)rJ/ (48³3) &mcdiEe;f jzifh a&G;cs,f
S d f hJ
kf_
cHc&ygonf?
hJ
2?
od@k aomf ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!wruysujf ym;ap&efvyaqmifonf/h tzGŒJ
G f _ kd
k f
csKyfrS xkwy,fxm;+yD;jzpfaom a';'&JòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
f
kd f
vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f / r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS OD;=unf0if;/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS
OD;wifxe;f armif ponfh opPmazmuftypEiy;l aygi;f +y;D tzGŒJ csKyukd qef@usic=hJ uayonf? ,if;vkyf
G
k f k S hf
f
f
&yfonf wud,awmfvy&yfjzpf+y;D tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!wruòkd yuatmif *d%;f *%pkI wrif
k f
kf
G f _ d JG
k
&nf&,f usL;vGeonfvy&yfjzpfayonf?
G
f h kf
3?
‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpfygvsuEihf ygw0ifxEiaomfvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒe,ft
fS
D
k S hf
vkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ ESiaomfvnf;aumif; wdiyif!Ei;f jcif;/ oabmxm;&,ljcif;r&SyJ ‚if;.qEN
f
hf
kf
‡d _d
d
tavsmuf ðyrlaqmif&ujf cif;jzpfojzifh òrdŒe,ftaeESihf ‚if;.vky&yfukd tjyif;txef uef@uuf
G
f
G
±_wcsygonf? ‚if;.vky&yfEiywfoufI TòrŒd e,ftaeESihf vH;k 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sa=umif;udvnf;
f
f S hf
d
k
rSwwrf;wiftyfygonf?
f
4?
‚if;.vky&yfonf tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk csKd ;azmuf±omru/ jynfovxk
f
kH
l l
twGi;f Yyg txiftjrif vGrm;r_rsKd ;jzpfay:apEdionftjyif tzGŒJ csKyf.tusKd ;udk vdvm;oa,mif
JS
kf h
k
ESihf oyfv#Kd I pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udòk zconfvy&yfjzpfojzifh usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f ygw0ifxu,pm;
G f
d JG h k f
D k kd f
t&vnf;aumif;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJŒudk,fpm;t&vnf;aumif; uef@uGuf±_wfcsa=umif;udkvnf;
rSwwrf;wiftyfygonf?
f
5?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. OD;wif0if;yg opPmazmuftypukd jyif;xefpm
f
kd f
k f k
G
±_wcsonfh a=unmcsuuvnf; tjynft0axmufcygonf? ” (qk;H )
f
f kd
h
H
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqdvqef; (10) &uf?
S
d
k
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv(22) &uf?
S
kd f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
247

248. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 46 ( 7§99)
1?
{&m0wDwi;f / vyGwmòrŒd e,f rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (1) ESitrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
kd
W
hf
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unf0if;ESihf a'guwm
f
kd f
f
f
at;=uLwk@d tm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh Oya'rJ/h w&m;rJh atmf[pf
H
H
d
yGðJ yvky&ef òrŒd e,ftm%muditzGŒJ . !¸e=f um;csujf zifh Ediia&;ESirnfo@kd r#roufqionfh }u§zGŒH
f
kf
kfH
hf
dk f
›H
toif;rStzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf &yfuu§aus;&Gm toD;oD;&Sd rJqEN&ijf ynfovx}k u;D tm; twif;t"rR
G f
S
l l
+cr;f ajcmufI vkuvvufrwa&;xk;d aeonf[k =um;od&onf?
d
d f H
S f
2?
‚if;udpEiywfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;rS rdrw@dk onf
P S hf
f
kd f
d
tzGŒJ csKyftay: ,k=H unfrj_ ynf0pGmjzifh &yfwnfaea=umif;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf
h
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfI rnfo@kd r# E_wxurnfr[kwa=umif; rJqEN&ijf ynfovxxH yef=um;
kd f
f
f G f
f
S
l l k
v$mpmwrf;wckukd xkwjf yefa=unmcJygonf?
h
3?
vyGwmòrŒd e,f tm%muditzGŒJ rsm;/ }u§zGŒH rsm;/ &yfuu§aus;&Gm tm%muditzGŒJ rsm;
W
kf
›H
G f
kf
onf Zlviv yxrywfwif tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvky+f yD; òrdŒr (10) &yfuuEihf aus;&GmtoD;oD;
dk f
G
G f S
wd@k wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; uef@uu±wcsyðJG yvky&efppOfaea=umif;od
G
f
kd f
G f _ f
f D
&onf? tcsKd ŒrSm vufrwa&;xk;d &efcse;f qkaom±k;H ok@d oGm;a&mufjcif;rðybJ “tJ'vdk uef@uuyJG
S f
d d
D
G f
awGvyaevJ w&m;0ifwmr[kwb;l ? ud,pm;vS,awGukd xkwv@kd &wmrSr[kwb? rw&m;vkywhJ
kf
f
k f
f
f
f J
f
udp/P igw@kd u,wiyg+y;D 0ifrvkycsib;l ” [kqI aus;&Gmvlxuuef@uua=umif; =um;od&onf?
kd f dk f
f f
dk
k
G f
4?
TuJo@kd &yf§aus;/ rsm;&Sd touf (18) ESpjf ynh+f y;D olwi;f ykppm&Guvwwif t"rR+cr;f
h
dk H H
f G f G
d
ajcmufvufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f aeonfrsm;rSm vyGwmòrŒd r (5) &yfuu/f bk&m;vrf;ae òrŒd e,faxmuf
S f
k
W
G
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ . ud,pm;vS,jf zpfol OD;wkpif;.om; armif[wonf anmifvrf aus;&Gmtkyp/k
k f
H
k f
d
f
}uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;jzpfaom ae0if;jrif/h oef;aZmfO;D wk@d xH ykpZ,m;pm&Gursm; yd@k aqmifay;+yD;
›
H H
f
wtdrwufqif; vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f a=umif; od&onf?
f
S f
d
5?
xd@k twl òrdŒr (9) &yfuuwif Ekiia&;ESihf rnfo@kd r#roufqionfh t&Hr;D owfEihf }u§zGŒH
G f G dfH
dk f
S ›H
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒe,f }uH§zGŒH pnf;±k;H a&;rª; 0if;EkiO;D rS pvlqyaus;&Gm/ a&G;aus;&Gm
›
df
d f
tkyp/k ysOaxmifwi;f aus;&Gm/ uòyaus;&Gmrsm;wGivnf;aumif;/ oCFmef;}u;D aus;&Gmtkyp/k *kni;f
f
f
G
d
f
f H ‡
248

249. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
wef;aus;&Gm }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if OD;=unf&eacgi;f aqmifIvnf;aumif;/ uefbufaus;&Gm/ v_i;f bke;f
›
dS f
d
aus;&Gmwk@d wivnf;aumif;/ vyGwvyf ajrmufaus; &Gmtkyp/k "rif;acsmif;aus;&Gm tm%mudif
Gf
W k
f
k
OuUÏ OD;vSwif/ &mtdrr;ª OD;jrifvi/f }uH§zGŒH rS !¸e@f viw@dk onfvnf;aumif;/ ukuKdU tkyp/k caemif
f
h d_ ›
Gf
f
aus;&Gm }uH§zGŒH rS rif;rif; (c) ausmrif;xGe;f / Eki}f uD;/ q,ftrr;ª OD;twkw@dk onf OD;atmifjrifqdk
›
f
fd
d f
H
h
ol.aetdrwip±;Hk Ivnf;aumif;/ Aki;f a'giacsmif;tkyp/k bdue;f aus;&Gm }u§zGŒH rS ode;f jrifh OD;aqmif
f Gfk
d
hf
f k k
›H
I tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ bDwwaus;&Gm }uH§zGŒH rS OD;wifjrif/h OD;cifarmifwif/h OD;pk;d jrifw@dk onf
G f
›
h
vnf;aumif;/ jyiftvef;tkyp/k opfywaus;&GmwGivnf; }u§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if uHjrifonfvnf;aumif;/
kf
k f
f
›H
h
a&wGi;f qdytyp/k t&mawmfaus;&Gm }uH§zGŒH rS =unfp;kd / !¸e@f 0if;wk@d onfvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒr (5)
f k f
›
&yfuurS OD;pef;armif (ausmif;q&m§+ir;f ) . om;òrŒd e,f }u§zGŒH rS aZmfrif;onf wtdrwufqif;
G f
d
›H
f
vufrwf vkuva&;xk;d apI vufrwa&;xk;d jcif;r&Saom vlpm&if;tm; &Jpcef;od@k pm&if;ay;I
S
d f H
S f
d
zrf;qD;csKyaESmifta&;,lrnf[k vltrsm;=um;atmif +cr;f ajcmufajymqkIvnf;aumif;/ jynfovl
f
d
d
l
xktrsm;pdwrcsr;f ajr@atmif trsKd ;rsKd ;ðyrl/ t"rR+cdr;f ajcmufI w&m;Oya'rJvyaqmifaea=umif;
f
h kf
=um;od&onf?
6?
,if;uJo@kd òrdŒe,ftm%muditzGŒJ rsm;/ }uH§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;rS rJqEN&if jynfovxk
h
kf
›
S
l l
tay: rw&m; +cr;f ajcmuftusyuiI jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; vk;H 0raxmuf
d
f kd f
f
kd f
cHawmha=umif;qkonhf t"rRvufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f jcif;rsm;udk trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jyif;xef
d
S f
k
dk
pGm±_wcsvuonf? TuJo@dk Oya'rJðh yvkyaejcif;rsm; &yfwef;u&yfci;f &ef oufqi&mwm0ef&ol
f dk f
h
f
fdk
kd f
dS
rsm;udvnf; wduwe;f vkuonf?
k
k f G d f
7?
vufrwvuva&;xk;d onfh ykppm&GurwLW udy;l wGxm;onf?
S f dk f H
HH
fd
k J
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqkvqef; (14) &uf?
S
d
d
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (26) &uf?
S
dk f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
249

250. 250
pOf
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
trnf
touf
tztrnf
EdkifiHom;pDppfa&;u'fjym; ynmt&nftcsif; vlrsdK;§bmom
&yfuGuf§aus;&Gmtkyfpktrnf -----------------------
tvkyftudkif
ae&yfvdyfpm
vufaAGyHkpH
aus;&GmcGJtrnf -------------------
vyGwWmðrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmftrSwf(1)rJqENe,fajr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
OD;=unf0if;tm; qENðyaxmufxm;jcif;udk vHk;0raxmufcHawmhyga=umif; ESifh EkwfxGufay;&ef
awmif;qdkqENðy vufrSwfa&;xdk;v$m?
jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f

251. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 47 ( 7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuewi;f / wGaw;òrŒd e,frqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS jynfoŒl v$wf
kd
k f kd H
J
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrv+iEiywfoufI oufqi&mòrŒd e,fpnf;±k;a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyfoŒkd
kd f
d f S hf
dk f
H
ay;yd‹k onfpmudk odom &ef jzefŒa0vkuonf?
h
d f
“(p) ta=umif;t&m?
? &efuewi;f / wGaw;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
k f dk
H
awmfu,pm;vS,f OD;jrv_ionf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
kd f
df
dk
vrf;pOfr0g'rsm;udaoGzum tzGŒJ csKyf.a&SŒvkyief;pOfrsm; aESmifaES;
l
k D
f
h
ysup;D ap&efEihf tzGŒJ csKyfòyuap&efO;D wnfaom vkyaqmifcsursm;
f
S
d JG
f
f
tay:uef@uu±wcsjcif;?
G f _ f
1?
txufygupEiywfoufI/ &efuewi;f / wGaw;òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.
d P S fh
k f kd
H
oabmwlq;Hk jzwfcsuukd tpD&ifcwifjytyfygonf?
f
H
2?
qk;H jzwfcsuf ?
? trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&SŒvkyief;pOfrsm; aESmifaES;ysuf
dk
f
h
pD;ap&efEihf tzGŒJ csKyfòyduap&efO;D wnfI tm%mudiw@dk .vufuiwwtjzpf yl;aygi;f aqmif&uf
S
JG
kf
kd f k f
G
aeol trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftvHawmf. =oZmt&Set0gurcIomvnf;aumif;/ wGaw;
dk
df
kd DS dk
H
òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzG@J Eihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.yHy;kd ulnra=umifvnf;aumif; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,t
S
h
D_
h
f
kd f
f
jzpf ta&G;cH&aom OD;jrv_i. azmufjyefaomvkyaqmifcsursm;udk jyif;xefpmuef@uu±wcsyg
df
f
f
G
G f_ f
onf?
(wGaw;òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ . qk;H jzwfcsut&) (qk;H )”
H
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqdvjynfausmf (2) &uf?
S
d
k
h
1999 ckEp/f Zlviv (29) &uf?
S
dk f
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹f csonf?)
kd
d
251

252. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 48 ( 8§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ {&m0wDwi;/ ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(2) jynfoŒl
kd
dk f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;pk;rif;ESiywfoufI/ oufqi&mòrdŒe,f pnf;±k;a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ
f
kd f
d
hf
dk f
H
csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfpmudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vkuonf?
h
d f
(p) “ta=umif;t&m?
? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ . qk;H jzwfcsutpD&ifcpm
f
H
ay;ydk@jcif;?
1? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,fajrwGi/f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,f
kd
k
pm;ðyI/ 1990 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@wif usi;f yaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
hS
G
D Hk D dk
yGY 0if a&muf,Oòf yicaom/ tzGŒJ csKytzGŒJ 0if OD;pd;k rif;onf 58²80 &mckiEe;f jzifh a&G;cs,cc&ygonf?
J
S d f hJ
f
df_
f H hJ
2? ok@d aomf ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKy.pnf;vk;H nD!wruysujf ym;ap&ef vkyaqmifonfh tzGŒJ
f
G f _ kd
f
csKyrS xkwy,fxm;+y;D jzpfaom/ a';'&JòrŒd e,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,frS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
f
f
kd f
OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,ftrSwf (1) OD;=unf0if;/ trSwf (2) OD;wifxe;f armifponfh opPm
G
azmuftypEiy;l aygi;f +yD;/ tzGŒJ csKyfuqef@usicayonf? ,if;vky&yfonf wud,awmfvy&yf
k f k S hf
kd
f hJ
f
k f
k f
jzpf+y;D tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vk;H nD!wruòkd yuatmif *d%;f *%pkI/ wrif&nf&,usL;vGeonfh vky&yf
G f _ d JG
k
G f
f
f
jzpfayonf?
3? ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKytzGŒJ 0ifjzpfygvsuEihf ygw0ifxEiaomfvnf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H
f
fS
D k S hf
a&;tzGŒJ ESiaomfvnf;aumif;/ wkiyifnEi;f jcif; oabmxm;&,ljcif;r&S/d ‚if;.qENtavsmuf
hf
df
‡d d_
ðyrlaqmif&ujf cif;jzpfojzif/h òrŒd e,ftaeESihf ‚if;.vky&yfu/kd tjyif;txef uef@uu±wcsygonf?
G
f
G f_ f
‚if;.vky&yfEiywfoufI/ TòrŒd e,fEihf vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sa=umif;udvnf; rSwwrf;wiftyfyg
f S hf
S
d
k
f
onf?
4? ‚if;.vky&yfonf/ tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udcsKd ;azmuf±omru/ jynfovxk
f
k
Hk
l l
twGi;f Yyg txiftjrifvrm;r_rsKd ; jzpfay:apEkionftjyif/ tzGŒJ csKyf. tusKd ;ukd vkvm;oa,mif
JG S
df h
d
ESihf oyfv#Kd I/ pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udk òzdconfvy&yfjzpfojzif/h ajrmif;jròrdŒe,fygw0ifxu,pm;
G f
JG h k f
D
k kd f
t&vnf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ud,pm;t&vnf;aumif;/ uef@uu±wcsa=umif;udvnf;
k f
G f_ f
k
rSwwrf;wifygonf? ” (qk;H )
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqdvjynfausmf (8) &uf?
S
d
k
h
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (4) &uf?
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
252

253. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 49 ( 8§99)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUX u OuUX ygwDp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;
kd
Hk D kd
f
ya&;aumfr&SioŒkd vdyr_l yD; OuUX Ediiawmfat;csr;om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;a&;aumifpxoŒkd
f
f
kfH
f
D H
(5/ 8/ 99)&ufaeŒuay;ydŒk onfh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&efjzefŒa0vkuygonf?
d f
(p)“ ta=umif;t&m?
? jynfovxu rdroabmqENt& vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGma&G;
l l k
d
f
aumufwifajrmufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
‡
f
kd f
f
tm; enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzifta&;,laejcif;?
h
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'udk 31-5-89 &ufae@u Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_
f
dfH
f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp) u Oya'trSwdfH
D
f
14§89 jzifxwjf yefa=unmcJygonf? TOya't& w&m;0if&yfwnfci&=uonfh Ekiia&;ygwD
h k
h
G hf
dfH
toD;oD;u v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;uda&G;cs,I a&G;aumufywif yg0if,Oòf ydi+f yD;
f
kd f
f
k
f
JG G
S
jynfovx.qENuc,=l uygonf? od@k Eihf jynfovxu axmufc/H wifajrmufay;vduonfh jynf
l l k
kd H
S
l l k
‡
k f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udvnf; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr
f
kd f
f
k
D Hk D kd
JG
&Siu EkiijH yefwrf;rsm;wGixnfI v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk w&m;0ifa=unmcJyg
f df
f h
f
kd f
f
h
onf? od@k a=umifh ud,pm;vS,rsm;onf w&m;0ifaeaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
k f
f
f
kd f
f
jzpf=uygonf?
2?
Tae&mwGif qef;ppf=unfapvkonfrm urBmwGif rnfonfEiiYrqkd jynfovxu
h d
S
h dk f H
l l k
‚if;. vGwvyfaomoabmqENt&tkycsKyfonftzGŒJ tm; axmufcay;rSomv#if tkycsKyfa&;
f
f
h
H
f
atmifjrifygonf? od@k r[kwygu atmifjrifjcif;r&S=d uyg? jynfovx.tcef;u¾ rnfr# ta&;yg
f
l l k
t&ma&mufa=umif;udk azmfjyvkujf cif;jzpfygonf? ‚if;.tcef;u¾udk azsmufzsu/f ao;odrf
dk
atmifvyIr&yg? &vnf;r&Ekiyg?
k f
fd f
3?
od@k jynfovxu rdr.vGwvyfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkuaom
l l k
d
f
d f
jynfovx. ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonhf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk jynfovx.
l l k k f
f
f
kfd f
f
l l k
ppfreaomqENukd vk;H 0&,ljcif;r&Sb/J 10-7-91 &ufae@usr/S (jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyukd
Sf
d
f
JG
27-5-90 &ufwif usi;f y+y;D pD;cJonfa=umifh wESpausmr) 1988 ckEpupI wki;f jynftm%mudk
G
h
f
fS
Sf
d
odr;f ,lxm;onftm%mydirsm;u Oya'trSwf 10§91 jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG
h
kf
f
253

254. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
Oya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'udk xkwjf yefcygonf? ‚if;jyif “TOya'onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;
hJ
f
aumufyOya'jyÏmef;onfh 1989 ckEp/f arv (31) &ufae@rpI tm%mwnfonf[k rSw,l
JG
S
S
f
&rnf” [k qdxm;jyefygonf? (2) ESpausmveI Oya'udk aemufa=umif;jyefxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
k
f
f G f
Oya'rsm;jyÏmef;jcif; usi0wfrsm;ESihf ywfoufI vk;H 0rnD!wonfh vkyaqmifcsujf zpfygonf?
hf
G f
f
w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;[laom aºuG;a=umfoEivnf; qef@usiaeygonf?
H S hf
f
4?
jynfovxu rdr. vGwvyfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onhf jynf
l l k
d
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; tm%mydirsm;u atmufygtwki;f vkyaqmifðyusiaeonf
f
kd f
f
kf
d
f
hf
udk awGŒ&S&ygonf?
d
(u) jynfovxukd oufqi&mtm%mydirsm;u +cr;f ajcmufIwrsKd ;/ rw&m;/ twif;
l l k
fdk f
kf
d
t"rRðyusiIwzkH pka0;apI rnfonfjh ynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ukd t,kt
hf
f
dk f
f
H
=unfr&Sd tp&Sonfh a&G;aumufyOya'rsm;wGif jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Sb/J w&m;vuf
d
JG
d
vGw[pfatmfapjcif;? Tvky&yfrm tvGeroifavsmonfh udpjP zpfygonf? tcsKd Œ
f
f S
f h
f
'Drua&pDEiirsm;wGif oufqi&mjynfovxu oufqi&mjynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
dk f H
dk f
l l k
dk f
f
ud,pm;vS,wOD;udk tqkygEii. jynfovxqENt& twnfðyxm;onfh zGŒJ pnf;
k f
f
d kd f H
l l k
tkycsKyfytajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;t& w&m;0ifaomenf;rsm; udtok;H ðyI
f Hk
f
k
om jyefac:,lEici&ygonf? ,ckwnf&aeaomOya'rsm;wGif Tod@k jyÏmef;csuf
dk f G hf dS
dS
rsm; vk;H 0Okr&Syg?
H d
(c) tm%mydirsm;u w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'rsm;udk w&m;r#wpGm vkuemusio;Hk jcif;
kf
d f
hf
r&Sygb/J jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk tusO;f csjcif; tp&Sonfrsm;udk
d
f
kd f
f
d
aqmif&u+f yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; uk,pm;vS,tjzpfrS &yf
G
f
kd f
f
d f
f
qki;f ap±kwiru/ rnfr#EptwGi;f usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;wGif yg0ifa&G;aumuf
d
H Gf
Sf
JG
cGir&S[k ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu a=unmae
hf d
D Hk D kd
JG
f
jcif;rSm Oya'udk aemufa=umif;jyefIxkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya't& aqmif&uae
G f
jcif;jzpfonfuawG@&&ygonf? Tod@k ta&;,lronf w&m;0ifjcif;r&Syg?
dk
dS
_
d
(*) Ekiiwumv$wawmfrsm;. xk;H wrf;pOfvmt& jynfovxu w&m;r#wpGm a&G;
dfH
f
l l k
aumufwifajrmufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ukd aemufa=umif;
‡
f
kd f
f
jyefOya'ESihf &yfqi;f apjcif;rðyEkiyg? jynfoŒl v$wawmfwiom oufqi&m ud,f
dk
df
f
Gf
dk f
k
pm;vS,u E_wxuva=umif; v$wawmfOuUÏxHo@kd pma&;ta=umif;=um;+yD;
f
f G f dk
f
OuUÏu v$wawmf.oabmwlncsujf zifom E_wxujf cif;udvufcEiygonf?
f
D
h
f G
k
H kd f
jrefrmEkiiwif jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& v$wawmfay: ayguvm
dfH G
f
JG
f
f
&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ray:ayguao;yg?
f
(C) tm%mydirsm;. tvGeq;dk 0g;aomvky&yfrm jynfovxu rdroabmqENt&
kf
f
f S
l l k
d
vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
‡
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk w&m;Oya't& r[kwbJ tm%myditzGŒJ rsm;u 6-9-98
k f
f
f
kf
&ufae@rpI zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;cJygonf?
S
h
254

255. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
Tod@k aqmif&ujf cif;ESiywfoufI atmufygw@dk uazmfjy&rnfjzpfygonf//
G
hf
kd
(1) rdroabmqENt& rdrwi;f jynftwGuf aumif;usKd ;udprsm;aqmif&u&ef
d
d dk
P
G f
trsKd ;om;Ekiia&;udk ðyvkyaqmif&ujf cif;onf w&m;Oya'ESihf +ipe;f onfvyf
dfH
f
G
dG
h k
ief; vk;H 0r[kwyg? jrefrmEdiiu oabmwlvufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh ukv
f
kfH
S f
or*~ tjynfjynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&;a=unmpmwrf; tyd'f (9) ESihf ,if;
dk f
hf
k
tm; ydr&i;f vif;ap&ef xkwjf yefxm;onfh tjynfjynfqi&m jynfojl ynfom;
k kd S
dk f
rsm;. tcGita&;/ Ekiia&;tcGita&;rsm;qki&m oabmwlncsutyd'f
hf
dfH
hf
df
D f k
(9) wk@d Eihf vkuavsmnDaxGjzpfygonf?
S d f
(2) zrf;qD;xm;jcif;udk zrf;qD;xm;onf[k 0efrcHbJ “{nf&yomrsm;wGif xm;I
h d f
aqG;aEG;yGrsm;ðyvkyaeonf” [k tm%mydirsm;u vdrvnfIa=unmaeyg
J
f
kf
f
onf? aqG;aEG;jcif;vk;H 0r[kwygbJ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpf
f
f
kd f
f
rSvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftzJŒG 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; E_wxuapaeygonf?
S
f G f
zrf;qD;xm;+y;D Tod@k vyaqmifjcif;onf &mZowf}u;D yk'rudk usL;vGeaejcif;
kf
f
f
jzpfygonf?
(3) rnfonfwi;f jynfYrqkd jzpfay:aeaom Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/
h dk
dfH
_
use;f rma&; tp&Sonfh jyemrsm;udk jynfovxtm; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/
d
l l k
xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f jcif;rðyEdi=f uyg?
k
(i) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh az: jy&rnfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
kd
S
f
kd f
vS,rsm;udtxufyguo‹kd ta&;,laeygaomfvnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG
f
k
hJ
f
+y;D I (9) ESpausmumvod@k a&muf&aeaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
f
f
dS
JG
u oufqi&mtpD&ifcpm ,ae@wiay:xGuvmjcif;r&Sonfyifjzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif
dk f
H
dk f
f
d
aumfr&Siqonfrm vkyie;fw&yftwGuom zGŒJ pnf;xm;jcif; jzpfyg onf? ,cktcg
f dk
S
f
f
a&G;aumufyusi;f y+yD;pD;cJonfrm (9) ESpausmae+yDjzpfonfa=umifh a&G;aumufyJG
JG
h
S
f
f
usi;f a&;aumfr&Sionf &yfwnfEicir&Sawmhyg?
f
dk f G hf d
5?
rdrwi;f jynfonf urBmtv,fwif odum&Spmjzif&yfwnfae&ef w&m;a&;r¾dKifajzmifh
d dk
h
G
Q dG h
rwfap&efvnf;aumif;/ rdruxkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk rdrucsKd ;azmufjcif;rðy&efvnf;
d
d
aumif; w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;aºu;G a=umfoEitnD tm%mydirsm;u ðyusivyaqmif=u&ef tod
H S hf
kf
hf k f
ay;wkuwe;f tyfygonf?
d f G
txufwiazmfjyxm;onfh vky&yfrsm;udvnf; uef@uuvuygonf? (qk;H )
Gf
f
k
G f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 'kw,0gqdvjynfausmf (13) &uf?
S
d
k
h
1999 ckEp/f -o*kwv (9)&uf?
S
f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
255

256. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡muffvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 50 (8§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf jrefrmEkiitm; tajccHvŒl tcGita&;rsm;udk tmrcH
dk
dfH
hf
onfh ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiiawmfwnfaqmufEia&;twGu/f trsKd ;om;Ekiia&;udk tjynft0
Sf
kd
dk f H
dk f
dfH
h
aqmif&uaeaom w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arvwGiusi;f ycJaom
G f
kd f H
D
h S
f
h
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif jynfovx. qENr&mckiEe;f &Spq,fausmjf zifh
D Hk D kd
l l k
J fd f _
f
tEki&xm;aom/ jynfovx,=Hk unftm;xm;qk;H aom ygwwckvnf;jzpfonf?
df
l l k
D
2?
rE av;wdi;f / ompnfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESitrSwf (2) wk@d rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&
W
k
hf
dk
pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu,pm;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;odr;f armif
kd kd f
f
kd f
f
ESifh OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnfòrdŒe,fjynfovx. wcJeufaomaxmufcrt&/ a&G;cs,f
l l k
H _
cHtEki&cJ=h uaom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf? Tonfukd oufqif
df
f
kd f
f
kd
&mtm%myditzJŒG tpnf;uvnf; Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0if xnfoi;f jyÏmef;a=unm+yD;
kf
dfH
h G
jzpfonf?
3?
ompnfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) wk@d rS xkw&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
f
ud,pm;vS,EpO;D tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh rrSeruef/ rw&m;/
k f
fSf
k
H
d
f
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR tEkiusiIvlp+k yD;/ &or#vwpkjzifh w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw&yf
d f hf
l
JG
ðyvkyEia&;twGuf vlra&;toif;[ktrnfay;xm;aom ompnfòrŒd e,f }u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;ESihf
f dk f
_
›H
v,f,mpduysd K;a&;ESifh qnfajrmif;0ef}uD;Xme 'kw,0ef}uD;.trde@f t&[kqum ompnfòrdŒe,f
k f
d
dk
v,f§qnf 0ef}uD;XmerS0efxrf;rsm;yg yg0ify;l aygi;f v_y&m;=uonf[k =um;od&onf?
fS
256

257. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
4?
ompnfòrŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
kd
f
kd f
ESpO;D tay: t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfypZ,m;rsm;wGif twif;t"rR
f
H
H
d h Hk H
trnfa&;oGi;f vufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f onf[k qkonf? ,if;rmyifwue,f ajrmufyi;f e,fajrtwGuf
S f
k
d
kd f
kd
pmwwfajrmufa&; vkytm;ay;pmoifjy=uonfvi,frsm;tm; ,if;t"rRvufrwx;dk a&;udpukd
f
h l
S f
P
aqmif&uaponf[o&onf// [HZm;wkue,ftwGuf t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d a&;udpu/kd òrdŒe,f
G f
k d
d f
S f
P
}u§zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª; OD;oef;pd;k qdoEihf òrŒd e,f }u§zGŒH ±H;k / ±k;H tul OD;ausmoe;f qdow@dk u OD;aqmif
›H
k lS
›H
f d k dl
I }u§zGŒH toif;0if (10) OD;ESihf &yfuutm%myditzGŒJ 0ifw@dk u aqmif&u=f uonf[k od&&onf?
›H
G f
kf
G
dS
5?
v_i;f wufwue,f ta&SŒe,fajr/ anmif&rf;wdue,f ta&SŒe,fajrESihf ,if;rmyifwuf
d
dk f
k f
dk
e,f awmifyi;f e,fajrwk@d twGu/f t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d a&;udpu/kd òrdŒe,f }uH§zGŒH toif;tr_
dk
S f
P
›
aqmif OD;omaX;qko/l OD;pHxe;f qkoEihf &yfuuf }u§zGŒH toif;0if OD;vGiO;D qkow@dk uOD;aqmifI
d
G d lS
G
›H
f d l
aqmif&u=f uonf[k od&&onf? anmif&rf;e,fajrtwGuf t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d a&;udpu/kd [HZm;
G
dS
S f
P
&Gm }uH§zGŒH toif;0if OD;cifarmif+idr;f qkoEihf v,f§qnf 0ef}uD;Xme pufrv,f,m/ trSwf 26
›
d lS
_
xGepufpcef;rS pufjyif0efxrf; OD;pH=unf qdow@dk uOD;aqmifI aqmif&u=f uonf[k od&& onf?
f
k l
G
dS
6?
v_i;f wufwue,f ta&SŒydi;f e,fajr/ [HZm;wkue,f taemufyi;f e,fajrwd@k twGuf
d
dk f
k
d f
kd
t"rRvufrwa&;xk;d a&;udpukd òrŒd e,f }u§zGŒH toif;tr_aqmif OD;ode;f ar$; qdo/l &yfuuf }u§zGŒH
S f
P
›H
k
G
›H
tr_aqmif OD;pk;d vGif qko/l ajrpm&if;Xme v§x OD;pD;rª; OD;bdav; qdo/l pufrv,f,m/ trSw26
d
k
k
_
f
xGepufpcef;rS xGepufarmif; OD;ausmoef; qko/l 0gEihf yd;k csnvyief;rS pma&;0efxrf; (1) OD;atmif
f
f
f
d
S
f kf
a0 qko/l pkuysKd ;a&;aus;&Gmtkypk refae*sm OD;bdeD qkow@dk uOD;aqmifI aqmif&u=f uonf[o&dS
d d f
f
k d l
G
k d
&onf?
7?
aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf òrdŒay:&yfuursm;&Sd &yf§aus; tkycsKyfa&; tm%mykirsm;ud/k òrdŒe,f
G f
f
df
}u§zGŒH ±k;H ok@d ac:,l+y;D / vlra&;toif;trnfcH }u§zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ !Ge=f um;csuay;I ,ckuo@kd
›H
_
›H
f
hJ
t"rR vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f onfh udpu/kd &yf§aus; tm%mydirsm;taejzifh a=umufa=umuf &GŒH &GŒH ESihf
S f
d
P
kf
vkuem vkyaqmifay;ae=u&ojzifh &yfuuxwif *k%oumusqif;um/ &yf§aus; tm%mydif
d f
f
G f J G
f d Q
k
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm; rcHcsd rcHom jzpfae=uonf[vnf; =um;od&onf?
k
8?
rE av;wki;f / ompnfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
W
d
dk
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;odr;f armiftm; t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcH
f
kd f
H
awmha=umif; qkonfh vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azguatmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyaqmif+yD;/
d
f
JG G
k f
Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
f
(u) ajrpkd - rkawmaus;&GmwGiusi;f yaom atmf[pfywiyg0ifonfh H
f
JG G f
- obmywdqorsm;- OD;rlw;l qdo(ajrpd&m)/ OD;xGm;}uD; qdol (rkawm&Gm)/ OD;xGe;f
dk l
k l
kG
k
H
&Sef qdol (Oo#pue;f aus;&Gm tkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ 0if)?
d k
f k
f
257

258. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
- tcrf;tem;rª;qkol - OD;ode;f vGif qkol (rkawm&Gm)?
d
d
H
- qENxwaz:onfqol - OD;!Ge@f armif qkol (rkawm&Gm)?
k f
dk
d
H
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfol - OD;oef;jrifh qkol (rkawm&Gm)?
f
k
d
H
- rSwwrf;qkonfudk vufcol - OD;apmESpf qkol (òrdŒe,fOya't&m&S)?
f
d
H
d
d
(c) &Gm}uD;aus;&GmwGif usi;f yaom atmf[pfywiyg0ifonfh JG G f
- obmywdqorsm; - OD;cspwifqol (bl;±k&m tkycsKyfa&; OuUÏ)/ OD;ausmat;
dk l
f
dk
H G
f
f
qdol (&Gm}uD;&Gm)/ OD;cifatmifqol (uwfaus;tif;&Gm)?
k
dk
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdol - OD;0if;v_if qkol (&Gm}uD;&Gm/ }uH§zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª;)?
k
d d
›
- qENxwaz:onfqol - OD;rsKd ;OD; qkol (&Gm}uD;&Gm)?
k f
dk
d
- rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfol - OD;ausmjf rifh qkol (&Gm}uD;&Gm)?
f
d
kd
d
- rSwwrf;qkonfuvufcol - OD;armifarmifqol (OuUÏ-ompnfòrdŒe,f tkycsKyf
f
d
kd
H
dk
f
a&;tzGŒJ §òrdŒe,f aumfr&SitzGŒJ cG)
f
J
9?
rE av;wki;f / ompnfòrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
W
d
dk
jynf olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;armifarmifav;tm;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmh
f
kd f
H
H
a=umif;qkonf/h vlwpk. Oya'csKd ;azguatmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyaqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmf
d
f
JG G
k f
eif;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@dk jzpf=uonf?
(u) vdi;f wufaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f wGiusi;f yaom atmf[pfywiyg0ifonfh _
f
JG G f
- obmywdqol - OD;tke;f az qdol (awmuif;aus;&Gm)?
kd
k
- tcrf;tem;rª;qkol - raqGrmxGe;f qdol (ausmif;}uD;&yf/ ompnfòrdŒ)?
d
k
- qENaz:xkwonfqol - OD;cifarmifat;qkol (=umbufue;f &Gm)?
f
dk
d
k
- rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfol - OD;wifaX; (v_i;f wufaus;&Gm)?
f
k
kd
d
- rSwwrf;qdonfuvufcol - OD;atmifrsKd ;Ekiqol (jrefrmhv#yppf"gwtm;vkyief;/
f
k
kd
H
d f dk
f
f
f
yifr"gwtm;cG±r;ª )?
f
J Hk
(c) anmif&rf;aus;&Gm/ txu ausmif;0if;twGi;f usi;f yaom atmf[pfywiyg0ifonfJG G f
h
- obmywdqorsm; - OD[efqol (wpn ygw0if)/ OD;pHcif qdol (aps;OuUÏ)/ OD;wif
kd l
dk
D
k
at; qdo?
k l
- tcrf;tem;rª; qkol -a':pef;pef;a0qkol (tv,fwef;jy/ anmif&rf; txu)?
d
d
- qENaz:xkwonfqol - OD;0if;òrdiqol (aysmue;f &Gm)?
f
kd
f dk
h k
- rSwwrf;qkonfukd ay;tyfol - OD;ausmaomif; qkol (pufb;D jyifqi)?
f
d
f
kd
dk f
- rSwwrf;qkonfukd vufcol - OD;pdexe;f qkol (q§r OD;pD;rª;a[mif;)?
f
d
H
f G d
258

259. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(*) =uufarmufaus;&Gm/ tru ausmif;0if;twGi;f usi;f yaom atmf[pfywiyg0ifonfJG G f
h
- obmywdqorsm; - OD;xGe;f rSD (=uufarmufaus;&Gm)/ OD;=unf!e@f (ZD;awm&Gm)/
dk l
G
OD;atmifjr&if (csr;f om}uD;&Gm)?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qkol - a':aX;aX; qdol (tv,fwef;jy/ =uufarmuf tru)?
d
k
- qENxwaz:onfqol - a':ykav; (=uufarmuf&m)?
k f
dk
G
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfol - OD;pk;d jrifh (=uufarmuf&m)?
f
k
G
- rSwwrf;qkonfuvufcol - OD;at;jrifh (ompnfòrdŒe,f w&m;ol}uD;)?
f
d
kd
H
10?
tvm;wl rE av;wki;f / 0rf;wGi;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
W
d
dk
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmvSatmiftm;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0
f
kd f
f
H
raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya' csKd ;azmufatmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyf
H
d
JG G
k
aqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
f
(u) bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ a&$bom rd;k aumif;bk&m;0if;twGi;f wGif usi;f yaom atmf[pfywif
Hk
JG G
yg0ifonhf - obmywdqorsm;/ tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm; kd l
k l
- qENxwaz:onfqol - OD;&efEiaqG qkol [uHopf (awmif) aus;&Gm?
k f
dk
dk f
d
- rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfol - OD;zd;k axmifqol (*k;H awmaus;&Gm)?
f
k
kd
dk
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufcol - OD;ausmoqol (òrŒd e,fygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxG
f
k
H
f l dk
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0if)?
JG
J
(c) yJcif;ausmaus;&Gmtkyp/k wrmuke;f aus;&Gm wGzuftxuwGiusi;f yaom atmf[pfyJG
f
f
J
f
wGiyg0ifonfh f
- obmywdqorsm;/ tcrf;tem;rSL;qdorsm;
kd l
k l
- qENxwaz:onfqol -OD;pdeaygqol (xD;vdif (taemuf)aus;&Gm)?
k f
dk
f
dk
_
- rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfol -OD;wifvqol (pufrvyief;&Sif wrmuke;f aus;&Gm)?
f
k
kd
S dk
_ kf
- rSwwrf;qdonfuvufcol - OD;xGe;f jrifh qkol (òrŒd e,fygwpHk 'Drua&pDtaxGaxG
f
k
kd
H
d
D dk
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0if)?
JG
J
(*) ozef;aus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f wGiusi;f yaomatmf[pfywiyg0ifonfh f
JG G f
- obmywdqol - OD;wufyk (c) OD;vSjrifh qkol (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
kd
d
- tcrf;tem;rSL;qdol - OD;ode;f av; qkol (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
k
d
- qENxwaz:onfqol - OD;aomif;qifh qkol (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
k f
dk
d
- rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfol - OD;ausmvif qkol (t+ir;f pm;ausmif;q&m/ ozef;
f
k
kd
f G d
d
aus;&Gm)?
- rSwwrf;qdonfukd vufcol - OD;atmifvif qkol (òrdŒe,fygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
k
H
G d
D Hk D dk
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0if)
JG
J
259

260. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
11?
tvm;wlppfui;f wki;f / rk&mòrdŒe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) rJqENe,frsm;rS/ trsKd ;om;
kd d H G
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfp;dk ESihf OD;apm
dk
f
f
kd f
f
atmifw@dk tm;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;
H
H
d
azmuf atmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyaqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm ppfyif/ anmifajc
JG G
kf
f
axmuf/ c0Jusi;f / r±d;k awm/ ayguyif/ u|e;f &Gmopf/ anmifjzLyif/ opfqr/hf &Gmxk/H a&uefp/k uHjym/
f
d
wJ}uD;uke;f / qnf}uD;awm/ anmifyif/ awmifrawm/ awmif=um; ponfaus;&Gmrsm;wGiusi;f y
h
f
aom vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfywi/f wm0ef&&yg0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf
S f
f
d
kd
JG G
dS dS
rSwwrf;qkonfuvufcc=hJ uaom/ òrŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumf
f
d
kd
H
D Hk D dk
JG
r&SitzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?
f
J
12?
tvm;wl ppfui;f wki;f / 'Dy,if;òrd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
kd d
J
dk
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;0if;jrifatmiftm;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0r
f
kd f
h
H
axmufcawmha=umif;qkonf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyf
H
d
JG G
k
aqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm f
ysus/ rif;aqGEp/f ,if;axG/ uscwf/ vufw;D / =unf/ pbm/ rus;D apmuf/ qyfjymusi;f
H
S
ponfaus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGif usi;f yaom vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfyJG
h
fk
S f
f
d
kd
wGi/f wm0ef&&yg0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf rSwwrf;qkonfuvufcc=hJ uaom/ òrŒd e,fygwp'rua&pDtaxG
dS dS
f
d
kd
H
D Hk D dk
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?
JG
J
13?
tvm;wl ppfui;f wki;f / ige;f ZGeòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
kd d
dk
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;csKd v_itm;/ t,kt=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcH
f
kd f
df
H
awmha=umif;qkonf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfywif yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyaqmif+yD;/
d
JG G
k f
Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;rSm æ
f
ukvm;aus;&Gm/ om;usiaus;&Gm/ qyfjymaus;&Gm/ ewf}u;D aus;&Gm/ a&v,faomifaus;
f
&Gm/ ige;f jrmaus;&Gm/ r*sD aus;&Gm/ ponfh aus;&Gmrsm;wGif usi;f yaom vufrwa&;xk;d xm;onfh
S f
rSwwrf;qkonfuay;tyfywi/f wm0ef&&yg0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf rSwwrf;qkonfuvufcc=hJ uaom/
f
d
kd
JG G
dS dS
f
d
kd
H
òrdŒe,fygwpHk 'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?
D dk
JG
J
14?
,ckuo@kd / jynfovxu vGwvyfI/ w&m;r#wpGm rdrw@dk .qENt& a&G;
hJ
l l k
f
d
aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkuaom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk t,kt=unf
d f
f
kd f
f
H
r&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh Oya'rJ/h rw&m; vky&yfonfH
d
f
260

261. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
- ppfreaom 'Drua&pDEiiay:xGe;f a&;udk rvkvm;jcif;?
S f
kd
dk f H
d
- tm%m&Sipepfoufq;dk &Snapvkjd cif;?
f
f
- w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;udk ysujf ym;apjcif;?
- jynfovxtm;/ w&m;Oya'tay: ,k=H unfav;pm;vkuemr_ysujf ym;apjcif;/
l l k
d f
- jynfovxtm; vrf;vGo@kd !ejf yay;aejcif;?
l l k
J
¸
- Oya'a&;&mwGif ru|r;f usiaomjynfovxtm; rdru,usKd ;twGuf ckw;Hk vkyt
f
l l k
d kd f
f
ok;H csaejcif;?
- rdru,wijf yÏmef;xm;aom Oya'ukyifrav;pm;jcif;?
d kd f dk
d
- tpd;k &wcku jynfovxtm;ay;xm;onf/h uwdu0wfuazmufzsujf cif;?
l l k
kd
- opPmr&Sd uwdrwnfjcif;?
- ,Ofaus;aomurBmEiirsm;toki;f t0di;f wGi/f trsKd ;om;a&;*k%oumusqif;ap
h dk f H
d
k
f d Q
jcif;?
- rdru,wiðf yvkyay;cJaom a&G;aumufy&v'fukd zsuq;D aejcif;?
d d kd f dk
f h
JG
f
- jynfovxtm; w&m;Oya'ud/k aoGznf csK;d azmufwwf&ef avhusiay;aejcif;/
l l k
hf
- jynfovxtm;+cr;f ajcmuf/ tusyui/f zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaomenf;rsm;jzihf jynfo@l
l l k
d
f kd
qENtrSeudk ajczsuypfjcif;/
f
f
- vlw@dk . usi0wfvuemjcif;/ ud,usiw&m;apmifpnf;jcif;/ *k%oumxde;f odr;f
hf
dk f
k f hf
h
f d Q
jcif; ponfh aumif;jrwfjcif;rsm;udk zsuq;D ypfjcif;/
f
- vlom;. tod^m%fynmudk tok;H csciray;bJ/ ADZESitpOftvmt& vkuem
G hf
hf
d f
wwf±/Hk emcHwwf±tqiftwef;ESiom jynfovxuqufqaejcif; ponfh r
Hk
h
hf
l l k kd
H
aumif;r_rsm;udomyGm;rsm;apaomvky&yfjzpfojzifh jyif;xefpm ±_wcsuef@uuf
k
f
G
f
G
vkuonf?
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 0gacgifvqef; (2)&uf?
S
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (7) &uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
261

262. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒvGwfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒvGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuf trSwf 51 (8§99)
trsKd ;om;'Duua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuewi;/ vSn;ul;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)ESihf trSwf
kd
k f kd f
f
(2)wdŒk rS jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf-uaom/ OD;apmausmpeEihf OD;pHwifwŒkd ESihf
f
k f
f
fdfS
ywf oufI/ oufqi&m òrdŒe,fpnf;¶H;a&;tzGŒJ u/ tzJŒG csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfpmud/k odom&ef
kd f
k
h
jzefŒa0vduf onf?
k
“(p)ta=umif;t&m?
? &efuewi;f / vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ pnf;¶k;H a&;
k f kd
kd
tzGŒJ . tpD&ifcpmwifjyjcif;?
H
1?
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS/ OD;apmausmpef ESihf trSwf (2) rS OD;pHwifw@kd onf/
fd
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu,pm;ðyI 1990 ckEp/f arv 27 &ufae@wif usi;f yaom ygwpkH
kd
kd kd f
S
G
D
'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY yg0if,Oòf ydiI jynfovx.axmufcrtjynft0&&Sco/l
kd
JG
S f
l l k
H _
h
d hJ
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,cc&ygonf?
f
kd f
f
f H hJ
2?
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,ftrSwf (1) rJqENe,frS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;apmausmpeEihf vSn;f
f
kd f
fdfS
ul;òr@d e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,frS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;pHwifw@kd onf/ a';'&J rJqENe,f trSwf
f
kd f
(2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f / r*Fvm'Hk rJqENe,ftrSw(1)rS OD;=unf0if;/
f
kd f
f
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS OD;wifxe;f armif ponfh opPmazmuftypEiy;l aygi;f +y;D / tzJŒG csKyukd qef@usif
G
k f k S hf
f
cJ=h uayonf? ,if;vky&yfonf ‚if;wd@k (2) OD;qENjzifh aqmif&ucjhJ cif;omjzpf+y;D / tzGŒJ csKy. pnf;vk;H
f
G f
f
nD!wruòkd yduatmif *d%;f *%pkI/ wrif&nf&,usL;vGeonfvy&yfrsm;omjzpfygonf?
G f_
JG
k
G f
f h kf
3?
,if;wd@k (2) OD;onf/ vSn;f ul;òrdŒe,f tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfygvsuf ygw0ifrsm;.
D
oabmxm;&,ljcif; wpHw&maqmif&ujf cif;r&Sb/J rdrw@kd qENoabmxm;tavsmuf ðyrlaqmif
k
G
d
d
&Gujf cif;omjzpfygonf? trSwf (2) rJqENe,f v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;pHwiftaejzifh rdrtrwif
f
kd f
d df G
pduxxm;onfh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyfqi;f bkwuvnf;/ 1996 ckEpwif (1) }udr/f 1999
k f l
dk
kd
f kd
Sf G
ckEpwif (1) }ur/f aygi;f (2) }urwiwif rdrqENjzifðh zwfcscygonf? òrŒd e,ftaejzifh xdvy&yfrsm;udk
Sf G
d
d f kd f kd d
hJ
k kf
tjyif; txef uef@uu¶wcsygonf?
G f _ f
262

263. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
4?
xdvy&yfrsm;ESiywfoufI/ vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiaomfvnf;aumif;/
k kf
hf
hf
òrdŒe,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzJŒG taejzifaomfvnf;aumif; vH;k 0 (vH;k 0) ywfoufjcif;r&Syg?
h
d
5?
xdvy&yfrsm;onf/ tzJŒG csKy. pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk csKd ;azmuf¶omru/ jynfovxk
k kf
f
Hk
l l
twGi;f txiftjrifvrm;r_rsKd ;rsm; jzpfay:vmEdionftjyif tzJŒG csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk
JG S
kf h
G f
òzconfvy&yfrsm;jzpfojzifh vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f tzJŒG csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud,pm; òrŒd e,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzJŒG rS
d JG h k f
k f
uef@uu¶wcsyga=umif;?
G f _ f
6?
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ tzJŒG csKytzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud,pm;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifvnf;/ ,if;
f
k f
h
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonfh OD;apmausmpeEihf OD;pHwifw@kd (2) OD;tm;/ jyif;xefpm
f
kd f
f
fdfS
f
G
¶_wcsvuygonf?
f kd f
7?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuuvnf;aumif;/ OD;apmausmpe/f
f
kd f
f kd
fd
OD;pHwif wd@k tygt0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (18) OD;wd@k onf/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf
f
kd f
kd
tm; vH;k 0 (vH;k 0) ud,pm;rðyawmhonfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfa=umif; ta=umif;=um;onfh !¸ef
k f
k f
f
=um;csuftm;vnf;aumif;/ tjynfht0axmufcHyga=umif;ESifh tzJGŒcsKyfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;.
OD;aqmifrrsm;udk ,H=k unfrtjynfjh zifh 'Drua&pD&&Sonfwif vduemaqmif&uom;rnfjzpfa=umif;
_
_
kd
d hf kd k f
G f G
tpD&ifcH wifjytyfygonf?” (qH;k )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 0gacgifvqef;(5)&uf?
S
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (16)&uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
263

264. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 52 (9§99)
yJc;wdi;/ rd;!dòk rŒd e,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu/kd ud,pm;ðyIom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
l kf k
kd
k f
f
ud,pm;vS,tjzpfta&G;cHc&onfh OD;xGe;a&$EiywfoufI/ ‚if;òrŒd e,f/ pnf;±H;a&;tzGŒJ u
k f
f
hJ
f S hf
k
ay;ydŒk onfh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&efjzefŒa0vduonf?
k f
(p)“1999 ckEp/f ZlvivxJrm OD;xGe;f a&$. wynfjh zpfwhJ OD;vSjrifonf pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;
S
kd f
S
h
f
ESihf rd;k !dukd a&muf&vmygonf? OD;xGe;f a&$onf ,ae@ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfA[drS xkwf
k
dS
kd
k
vduonftwGuf woD;yk*vtrwftjzpfEihf vma&muf&yfwnfom;rnfjzpfa=umif;udk òrdŒe,f
k f h
~
S
G
tzGŒJ pnf;rsm;udwifjyvmygonf? wifjycsuukd òrŒd e,ftzGŒJ pnf;rS vH;k 0raxmufcyg? ‚if;yk*Kd~ vfukd
k
f
H
rJxnfay;vdu=f uonfu trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrmaqmif&u&efjzpfygonf? woD;yk*v
h
k
kd
S
G f
~
twGuf ay;vduonfr[kwaoma=umifjh zpfygw,f? u|Eyw@kd rd;k !dòk rdŒe,f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
k f
f
kf f
kd
tzGŒJ csKyfonf A[dtrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf aoGznfygu vH;k 0axmufcvrrnfr[kwf
k
kd
S
H d hf
a=umif; tpD&ifctyfygonf?
H
OD;xGe;f a&$. ,ae@vyaqmifrrsm;onf u|Eyw@kd rd;k !dòk rŒd e,f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
kf
_
kf f
kd
ESivnf; vH;k 0roufqiyga=umif; u|Eyw@kd tzGŒJ pnf;rSvnf; OD;xGe;f a&$tm; vH;k 0OD;aqmifrwm0ef
hf
kd f
kf f
_
ray;xm;yga=umif;udk twdtvif; A[daumfrwDtm;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
k
u|Eyw@kd rd;k !dòk rdŒe,ftzGŒJ pnf;onf A[daumfrwD.vkyaqmifrtm;vH;k udk axmufcyg
kf f
k
f
_
H
onf? !¸e=f um;r_tm;vH;k udvnf; vduemusio;kH aeygonf? ” (qH;k )
k
k f
hf
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 0gacgifvjynfausmf (12) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv(7) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
264

265. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 53 (9§99)
1?
'l0g OD;aZmfatmiftm; ucsijf ynfe,f/ 0di;f armfrqENe,frS jynfovxu vGwvyfI
k
J
l l k
f
w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduaoma=umifh 1990 jynfEp/f arvwGiusi;f ycJonfh
‡
k f
hS
f
h
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyY trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl
D kH D kd
JG
kd
k f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfayonf?
f
kd f
f
2?
tqdyg jynfovxu,pm;vS,}f uD;tm; tzGŒJ csKyfA[du wm0efjzifac:xm;&m 2k
l l k kd f
k
h
8-99 &uf ae@rpI A[do@kd vma&mufowif;ryd@k bJ ysuuuaeonfrm ,ae@wijf zpfonf?
S
k
f G f
S
kd
‚if;onf ‚if;. ae&yfo@kd vnf; jyefvnfa&muf&jdS cif;r&S[k od&&onf? ‚if;tm; tm%mydirsm;u
d
dS
kf
zrf;qD;xm;onf[k owif;&&Sonf?
d
3?
'l;0g OD;aZmfatmif onf 'l0gwOD;jzpfojzifh oufqi&mucsivrsKd ;pk. t}u;D tuJtjzpf
kd f
f l
todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;cH&onftjyif oufqi&mrJqENe,f/ rJqEN&ijf ynfovx. w&m;0if
h
kd f
S
l l k
ud,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonfa=umifh *k%oa&&Sy*Kd~ vwOD;jzpfayonf? ‚if;yk*Kd~ v}f u;D tm; tu,fI
k f
f
f
dk f
tm%mydirsm;u zrf;qD;xm;v#ivnf; zrf;qD;xm;a=umif;ESihf rnfonfae&mwGizrf;qD;xm;
kf
f
h
f
a=umif;rsm;udk oufqi&mrdom;pkrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@kd today;&ef wm0ef&dS
kd f
kd
ayonf?
4?
wdi;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;wOD;jzpfaom 'l0g OD;aZmfatmifEiywfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfuod&&onf
k
S hf
dS
rSm rnfonf&mZ0wfrur# usL;vGejf cif;r&Sa=umif;yifjzpfonf? rdrjd ynfe,fwivnf;aumif;/
h
_ kd
d
Gf
rdrwi;f jynfYvnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;rsm;&&Satmif trsKd ;om;Ediia&;udk ðyvkyf
d kd
kd
S hf
hf
d
kfH
aqmif&uaejcif;onf rnfonftjypfur# usL;vGejf cif;rrnfay? od@k a=umifh OD;aZmfatmiftm;
G f
h
kd
tjrefq;kH c|i;f csur&S/d uef@owfcsur&Sbvway;&ef jyif;xefpmwduwe;f vduonf?
f
f d J $ f
G k f G k f
jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
k f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 0gacgifvjynfausmf (12) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv(7) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
265

266. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 54 (9§99)
1?
&efuewi;f / tif;pdeòf rdŒ&Sd trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efxrf;
k f kd
aqmifaeonfh q&mr}u;D a':rm&D,m=unf=unf. vkyaqmifcsursm;tay: ausmif;ol ausmif;
f
f
om;rsm;u rauseyfrrsm;ESiywfoufI jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDo@kd 30-8-99
_
hf
f
kd f
&ufae@u a&;om;ay;yd@k onfpmygta=umif;t&mrsm;udoom&ef jzef@a0vduonf?
h
k d
k f
(p) “ta=umif;t&m?
? trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif; tif;pdewif ynmoif
f G
=um;aeaom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;u ausmif;tkyq&mr}uD;
f
a':rm&D,m=unf=unf. vkyaqmifcsursm;tm; rauseyfI wdif
f
f
k
=um;jcif;?
u|eawmfw@kd . trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;od@k wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef
f
1997 wGif ausmif;tkyq&mr}uD; a':rm&D,m=unf=unf ajymif;vJa&muf&vmygonf// xko@kd
f
dS
d
a&muf&wm0efxrf;aqmifcserpI ausmif;om;xktay: u|eynma&;pepfo¾mef pnf;urf;rsm;
dS
dfS
f
csrwcygonf?
S f hJ
(1) ‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) a&muf&vm+y;D r=umrD ausmif;tay:xyfrsm;od@k zdeyf
dS
pD;I rwuf&[laompnf;urf;csuukd csrwcygonf? zdeyfp;D onfukd awGŒcJv#if '%faiG (25) usyf
f
S f hJ
h
ESihf zdeyfor;f qnf;jcif;cH&ygonf? xdo@kd zdeyfrpD;&udpEihf ywfoufI ausmif;om;xkrm vGepm
d
k
P S
S
f G
tcuftcJjzpf=u&ygonf? tb,fa=umifqaomf ausmif;wufcsetrsm;pkrm rd;k wGi;f umvESihf
h
h kd
d f
S
aqmif; umvjzpfojzifh rd;k umvwGif rd;k a&rsm;pdppwpwf &GŒH rsm;/ AGursm;/ tnpfta=u;rsm;
k kd G f G
f
ayvmaomzdeyfukd ausmif;tay:od@k wufcge;D wGif r&Gr&SmudiIwuf&ygonf? tdromoGm;onfh
H
kf
f
tcg tay:xyfratmufxyfo@kd zdeyfuiom;&+y;D atmufa&mufrp;D cGi&ygonf? jyefwufonftcg
S
kd f G
S hf
h
wGivnf; zdeyfuuiIwuf&ygonf? xdtcgwif tdromrStnpfta=u;rsm;onf zdeyfwiay
f
kd kd f
k
G
f
Gf
vmonftwGuf use;f rma&;±_Œaxmiftaejzifh roifavsmygb;l / aqmif;umvrSm qdcsr;f at;onfh
h
h
h
f
k
=um;u tcef;twGi;f zdeyfrpD;&ojzifh ausmif;om;xkrm at;pufaeaom=urf;jyifay:od@k ajc
S
axmufcsxm;&onftwGuf atmufyi;f at;+y;D r=umc%zsm;emjcif;jzpf&ygonf? od@k aomfvnf;
h
kd
tay: xyfwif zdeyfrpD;&jcif;onf ,ckwi&aeygao;onf? tay:xyfwif zdeyfrpD;&[k qdcaomf
G
kd f dS
G
k hJ
vnf; olw@kd (a':rm&D,m=unf=unfEihf q&m/ q&mrrsm;) ud,wif ausmif;tay:xyfwif zdeyfp;D I
S
k f kd
G
v_y&m;oGm;vmcJygonf?
fS
h
266

267. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(2) ausmif;od@k tcsera&muf&rnf[k qdcygonf? xd@k twGuf ausmif;om;§ol rsm;onf
dfD
k hJ
rd;k &Gm&Gm aeylyl ausmif;od@k (6;25) em&D tcsera&mufatmifvm=u&ygonf? aemufusaom
d f D
ausmif;om;§ol rsm;tm; '%faiG (25) usyf ESihf }udr'%f (5) csuf tjypfay;cH&ygonf? xdo@kd
f
k
wif;=uyfpmpnf;urf;csrwcaomfvnf; ‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) ud,wirl ausmif;od@k
G
S f hJ
k f kd f
(11;00)-(11;30) em&Dcef@wif a&muf&vm+yD; (2;00)-(2;30) cef@wif jyefom;cJygonf?
G
dS
G
G h
(3) ausmif;om;xk. t"duypPnrsm;jzpfaom ausmif;oH;k pmtky/f cJw/H aywHEihf abmyif
f
S
rsm;udk tcrJtjzpf tenf;i,fr#xwray;yJ pmtkyxwa0olEihf q&mr}uD;wd@k y;l aygi;f I “eef;
h
k f
f k f
S
awmfO;D ” ausmif;ok;H AvmpmtkyEihf cJw/H aywH/ abmyifrsm;udk r0,frae& pepfjzifh twif;t=uyf
fS
a&mif;cscaoma=umifh ausmif;om;wa,muftaejzifh tenf;qH;k (500) usywefz;kd cef@ 0,f,&yg
hJ
f
l
onf? xd@k jyif ausmif;om;§ol rsm;. tygwpOfpmar;yGukd Oyko/f paeae@rsm;wGippfaq;I (1;30)
f
J
f
em&Dajzqd&ygrnf? wpfvwGif (4) }urajzqd&m (6;00) em&DaomtcsetwGuf tcseya=u;tjzpf
k
df
k
df
d f kd
usyf (100) udk aumufccygonf? xd@k jyif bma=u;/ nma=u;rsm;udk aumufccao;onf? ausmif;
H hJ
H hJ
aecsi&maomfvnf; xdo@kd aumufccaom tca=u;aiGrsm;udk a=umuf&ŒHG I ynmroif=um;&aom
fS
k
H hJ
vli,frsm;udk 0rf;enf;a=uuGz,&mawGŒjrif&ayonf?
JG f
(4) ausmif;ynmoif=um;a&;tydi;f rSmvnf; wajy;nDwnf;rvkyaqmifb/J e0rwef;
k
f
J
k
(A) rS tawmfrsm;udyJ oD;oef@ppnf;I ( SP - Special Position ) [k tcef;wcef;cGay;I xdtcef;
k
k
tm; aq;okway;jcif;/ yefumwyfay;jcif;rsm;udðk yvkyay;ygonf? usetcef;rsm;udk rlvtwdi;f
f
f
f
k
h
xm;&S+d yD; pmoif=um;r_tydi;f rSmvnf; xdtcef; (SP) ESihf rsm;pGmuGmjcm;cJygonf? 1998-99
k
k
wuUov0ifpmar;yGajzqdcge;D wGif 'orwef; (A) ESihf (SP) rS ausmif;om; §ol rsm;udk wcef;vH;k
kd f
J
k
*k%x;l ESiatmifrnforsm;jzpfonftwGuf ausmif;rwufci;f awmhbJ jyifywGif vGwvyfpm
f
hf
h l
h
kd
f
G
usL&Siwufpmusuciay;cJygonf? use&aomtcef;rsm;udk rlvtwdi;f qufvufI ausmif;
f
f G hf h
f dS
k
wufci;f cJygonf?
kd h
(5) 1999 -2000 ynmoifEptwGi;f 'orwef; wef;cGaygi;f (16) cef;&S&m/ (A)/ (SP)
Sf
J
d
ESihf (C) wd@k tm; tpd;k &ppf wuUov0ifpmar;yG}J u;D wGif *k%x;l rsm;&&Srnforsm;jzpfonftwGuf
kd f
f
d h l
h
atmufwbmrSpI ausmif;rwufbJ tdrwipmusuum usL&Siom;vmaeEdiaomfvnf; pm
kd
f Gf
f
f G
kf
ar;yGJ 0ifa&mufajzqdci&&ef ausmif;wufcsef 75 &mcdiEe;f jynfatmifaxmufcðH yvkyay;ygrnf[k
k G hf
d
kf_
h
f
‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) ud,wiu xkwazmfajym=um;cJygonf? od@k ayr,fvnf; use&aom
k f kd f
f
h
h
f dS
k
f
J
wef;cGJ (13) cef; (D rS P) txdrS ausmif;om;§olrsm;udrl ausmif;ydwray;bJ pmar;yGajzqdk
cge;D tcsetxd ausmif;wufa&mufci;f rnf[k ajym=um;cJygonf? rlvvuf&tajctaewGif
d f
kd
h
dS
ausmif;w&ufysufuGufygu cGifhwdkif;=um;v#if '%faiG (50) usyf owfrSwfaumufcH+yD;
cGirwdi=f um;ygu (100) usytxdaumufccygonf? q&m§q&mr rsm;vnf; twif;t=uyf
hf k
f
H hJ
aumufcI vuf&Eii. pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& qif;&JEr;f yg;edrusve;f I pD;yGm;a&; rajyvnf
H
dS kd f H
G
hf
G
aomuav;rsm;onf aiGa=u;ray;Ediaomtcg q&mrrsm;u rdbac:rnf+cdr;f ajcmufygonf?
kf
267

268. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
xdtcg wae@vyrwae@pm;&aomrdbrsm;.b0udem;vnfaom om;orD;rsm;onf rdbwd@k tm;
k
kfS
k
rajym&uf/ q&m§q &mr rsm;tm;vnf;a=umuf&ŒHG ojzifh ausmif;ajy;&onftjzpfo@kd a&muf&om;
h
dS G
cJonfh ausmif;om;§ol taygi;f rsm;pGm&Scygonf?
h
d hJ
(6) xdynmoifEpf (1999-2000) wGif ausmif;om; §ol rsm;.rdbrsm;xHrS tvªaiG
k
S
aumufcc&m pkpaygi;f (16) ode;f &&Sconf? xdo@kd &&ScaomtvªaiGrsm;tm; oif=um;r_taxmuf
H hJ
k
d hJ
k
d hJ
tulvkyfief;tjzpftoHk;ðy&mwGif ausmif;om; §ol rsm;tm;vHk;&JŒ ynmoif=um;r_twGuf
toH;k rðybJ 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;twGuom oif=um;r_ taxmuftultjzpf toH;k ðycJh
f
ygonf? 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;udk ±kyjf rifo=H um;/ em;=uyfw@kd jzifh tqifjh rifpmoif=um;rnf
hG
f dS
jzpf+y;D xdk (3) cef; ('orwef; (A)(B)(C) udk aq;okwjf cif;/ yefumwyfjcif;rsm;ðyvky+f y;D use&aom
tcef;rsm; (D rS P) tm; rlvtwdi;f qufvufoif=um;rnfjzpfygonf? xdtwGuf ynma&;pepf
k
k
onf u|eynma&;pepfo¾mefa&muf&aeovdk jzpfygonf? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xHrS aumufc&&Sd
f
dS
H
aomtvªaiGukd ausmif;om;tm;vH;k twGuf wajy;nDtoH;k rcsyJ 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;
twGuf toH;k csjcif;rSm w&m;r#wr_r&Sygb;l ? u|eawmfw@kd &ŒJ acwfrzŒHG òzd;wd;k wufaom Ediiawmf
d
f
D
kfH
opf.ynma&;pepfonf a&S;,cif t*Fvyvufatmufcb0 u|eynma&;pepfuo@kd jyefvnf
d f
H
f
hJ
a&muf&aea=umif; u|eawmfw@kd &ifxrS cHjyif;pGmcHpm;&ygonf?”(qH;k )
dS
f
J
2?
txufygupEiywfoufI trSew&m;ay:ayguap&ef/ oufqi&mtm%mydirsm;u
d P S hf
f
f
kd f
kf
aqmif&uay;&ef wm0ef&onfh tm;avsmpm aqmaqmvsivsiaqmif&uay;&ef wduwe;f
G f
dS
f G
f f
G f
k f G
vduonf?
k f
jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
k f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f 0gacgifvjynfausmf (13) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (8) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I jzef‹csonf?)
kd
l
d
268

269. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 55 (9§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfaevsuf trsKd ;om;Ediia&;rsm;jzpf
kd
kfH
onfh 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef pnf;±Hz@JG pnf;v_y&m;aqmif&uaeaom Ediia&;tzG@J
kd
S hf
hf
d
k
fS
G f
kfH
tpnf;jzpfonf? w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonftm;avsmpm Ediia&;ygwwck.t*F g&yfrsm;jzpfaom
h
f G kfH
D
qdi;f bkw/f tvH/ ±H;k taqmuftOD; tp&Sonfrsm;&S=d u&rnfjzpfonf?
k
d
2?
od@k aomf tm%mydirsm;onf txl;ojzifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. qdi;f bkwf
kf
kd
k
rsm;udk Oya'rJ/h w&m;r0if/ twif;t"rR vduvðH zwfcsae=uonf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;
k f
kfH
D
f kH
Oya'wGif tm%mydirsm;u xdo@kd aqmif&uEionfh tm%mtcGita&;&Sonf[k vH;k 0OHk
kf
k
G f kd f
hf
d
jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Syg? vkyaqmifaejcif;rsm;onf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[laom aºuG;a=umfoukd
d
f
H
zDvmqef@usijf zpfaeonf?
3?
od@k jzpfvifupm; {&m0wDwi;f vyGwmòrd@wif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. qdi;f bkwf
h
kd
W
G
kd
k
ESihf tvHrsm;onf xdexe0if;0if;/ 0if0ifºh uGm;ºuGm;&Saeonfw@kd ukd oufqi&mtm%mydirsm;u
f df
h
d
kd f
kf
vH;k 0r±_pronfa=umifh tzGŒJ csKyfqi;f bkwuðkd zwfcsap&ef/ rw&m;zdtm;ay;jcif;/ t"rRðyonfenf;
d hf
kd
f
h
rsm;jzifh tm%mydiw@kd u jyif;jyif;xefxefvyaqmifvsu&=dS uonf?
kf
k f
f
4?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf òrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyfukd
kd
tm;ay;axmufcorsm;ESihf vdvm;olrsm;.aetdrrsm;od@k {nfpm&if;ppfrnf[ta=umif;jyum
H l
k
f
h
k
ESypuf!i;f yrf;/ Edixufp;D eif;vkyonftaejzifh ntcserawmfwif r=umc%0ifa&muf&mazG
d f
‡
kf
f h
d f
G
S
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;ðyvkyonf? wrifoufouf taESmuft,Suay;aejcif;jzpfonf? &yf&mat;csr;f
f
f
G
om,ma&;udk zsuq;D aejcif;jzpfonf?
f
5?
xdo@kd &mazGppfaq;&mwGif òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ 0if OD;armifarmif/ &yf§aus; tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf
k S
aom OD;wifvi/f OD;=unfoef;/ OD;atmifausmp;kd wd@k . aetdrrsm;od@k 0ifa&muf&mazG&m/ aq;xd;k
_d
f
f
S
tyfEihf xd;k aq;tcsKd ŒawGŒ&Sonfqum jrefrmEdiiaq;0g;rsm;jyifqifrtufOya'yk'r -16 u
S
d
kd
kfH
_
f
jzifh òrŒd e,fw&m;±H;k u 23-8-99 &ufae@u tqdyg/ rdrw@kd tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; oufqi&m q&m0efu
k
d
kd f
‚if;.ypPn;f rsm;jzpfonf[k oufaocHvsuEiyif axmif'%f (5) ESpf uscap&ef pD&ifcsucsvuf
f S hf
H
f kd
onf?
269

270. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
6?
,if;tr_ukd Oya'ESitnD vduygaqmif&uunay;=uaom A[dw&m;±H;k a&SŒae}uD;
hf
k f
G f l D
k
jzpfonfh jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,Eihf òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&; OuUÏ OD;=unf0if;/ jynfo@l vwawmf
$ f
kd f
fS
$ f
ud,pm;vS,Eihf 'k-OuUÏ q&m0ef}uD; a'guwmat;=uL/ òrdŒe,fpnf; wGbuftwGi;f a&;rª;
k f
f S
f
J
OD;armifarmifat; ESihf ±H;k tzGŒJ rª; OD;pdeoef;wd@k tm; txufwiazmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ csKy0ifrsm;tm;
f
Gf
f
trde@f rcsrwrw&uftvdk 22-8-99 &ufae@wif tm%mydiw@kd u ajrmif;jròrdŒod@k zrf;qD;ac:
S f D
G
kf
aqmifom;cJonf? 30-8-99 n (20;00) em&D tcsecef@wif xdy*Kd~ vf (4) OD;wd@k tm; yk'r 505
G h
d f
G k k
f
(c) jzifh rw&m;pD&if+yD; tusO;f '%f (2) ESppD uscap&ef rw&m;trde@f csrwconf?
f
H
S f hJ
7?
tr_ppfaq;&mwGivnf; Oya'ESitnD r_cif;jzpfonfae&mjzpfaom vyGwmòrdŒwGif
f
hf
h
W
ppfaq;jcif;rðybJ tjcm;òrd@e,fo@kd ajymif;a&GŒppfaq;jcif;onf rSeuefrr&Say? rw&m;ta&;,lcH
f
_ d
=u&aomtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf w&m;0iftodtrSwðf yjcif;cHxm;&aom rdrygwtzGŒJ tpnf;. aqmif
d D
&Gu&ef&onfup&yfrsm;udk aqmif&uay;jcif;ESihf rdrtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; wwfEioavmuf ulnD
f dS h d P
G f
d
kd f
vduygaqmif&ujf cif;omjzpfonf? Tyk*Kd~ vfw@kd tm; Oya'ESitnDr[kwbJ tm%mydiw@kd u
k f
G
hf
f
kf
rw&m;ta&;,ljcif;/ wzufowfta&;,ljcif;onf tvGepufqwb,&mjzpfonf? w&m;pD&if
f
k f G f
a&;r¾dKifukd vH;k 0aumufauG;ap&ef aqmif&uvujf cif;jzpfonf?
G f kd
8?
xd@k a=umifh txufazmfjyyg rw&m;tusO;f csxm;jcif; cHxm;&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; c|i;f csur&S/d uef@owfcsur&Sd
f
kd f
f
f
f
tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvway;&ef tav;teufawmif;qdvuonf? xdo@kd rw&m;ðyrljcif;udvnf;
$ f
k kd f
k
k
jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
G f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (4) &uf?
S
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (13) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Dra&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
270

271. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD (jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
wESpfajrmufaomae‹ a-unmpmwrf;
(16=9=98) &ufae‹rS (16=9=99) &ufae‹txd
1?
1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajr‡mufvuaom jynfoŒl
hS
D kH D kd
JG
kd f
v$wawmfukd uk,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD) udk 16-9-98/
f
d f
h
f
kd f
&ufae@u zGŒJ pnf;cJ&m ,ae@ 16-9-99 &ufae@wif wESpajrmufonfae@ jzpfonftm;avsmpm
h
G
f
h
h
f G
atmufyga=unmpmwrf;udk xkwjf yefvuonf?
kd f
2?
(u) ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd 27-5-90 &ufae@u vGwvyfI w&m;
D kH D kd
JG
f
r#wpGmusi;f ycJonf? tqdyga&G;aumufyukd Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §
h
k
JG k f H
f
Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpD . 31-5-89 &ufae@pjJG zifh xkwjf yefconfh jynfoŒl
kfH
hf
hJ
v$wawmf a&G;aumufyOya' (trSwf 14§89)t& usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf? ,if; Oya'. ed'ge;f wGif
f
JG
“vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yI jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
D kH D kd
JG
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEi&ef”[k wdusjywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm; onf?
k f
f
kd f
(c) ,if;Oya'. tcef; (1) trnfEihf t"dyg` ,azmfjycsuwiS
f
f Gf
- yk'rcGJ (u) v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfuqonf?
f
f
kd
S
f
kd kd
xxxxx
- yk'rcGJ (C) a&G;aumufyqonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd
f
JG kd
S
D kH D kd
JG
qdonf?
k
xxxxx
- yk'rcGJ (p) v$wawmfu,pm;vS,qonfrm v$wawmfo@kd a&G;aumufwif
f
f
kd f
f kd
S
f
ajr‡mufjcif;cH&oluqonf?
kd dk
xxxxx
æ [k wdusjywfom;pGm jyXmef;xm;onf?
(*) ,if;Oya'. tcef; (2) wGif
“v$wawmfrqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaom v$wf
f
J
hf
kd f
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf?” [k wdwusus jywfjywfom;om; jyÏmef;xm;onf?
kd f
f
d
271

272. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
3?
tqdkyg jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf txufazmfjyyg aocsmvSaom
jyÏmef;csursm;t& atmufygtcsursm; xifxif&m;&Sm; ay:vGiaeayonf?
f
f
S
f
(u) ,ck ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f yay;vdujf cif;onf wdi;f ðyjynfðy
D kH D kd
k
k
v$wawmftwGur[kwyg? EdiiawmfzŒJG pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qG&efvnf;
f
f
f kfH
f kH
J
r[kway? Oya'ðytm%m/ tkycsKyfa&;tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;udk
f
f
ydiqionfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;&eftwGuomjzpfonf?
k f kd f
f
f
(c) jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd jynfovxu vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmuf
f
l l k
f
‡
ay;vduonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf?
k f
f
kd f
f
4?
‚if;jyif ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f yonftcseY w&m;0if&yfwnfae
D kH D kd
h df
=uaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf a&G;aumufy0ifa&mufta&G;cH=u&rnf [lonft"dyg` ,f yg0ifae
kfH
D
JG
h
aom Ediia&;ygwrsm; rSwywifjcif;Oya' yk'r (4) u Tod@k jyÏmef;xm;onf? “rnfonfEiia&;
kfH
D
f kH
f
h kd f H
ygwrqdk TOya' t& rSwywifci&&S+d yD;rSom a&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydici&onf?”
D
f kH
G hf
JG G
S f G hf dS
5?
TOya'rsm;udxwjf yefonfh Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzGŒJ §Ediiawmf
k k
kfH
f
kfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu wm0eft&vnf;aumif;/ Oya' jyÏmef;csursm;t&
D
f
vnf;aumif;/ jynfovxqENt&vnf;aumif; jynfoukd uwdu0wfrsm;ay;xm;onft&
l l k
l
vnf;aumif; vduemusio;kH &rnfjzpfayonf? od@k aomf vH;k 0OHvuemusio;kH jcif;r&Sonfrm
k f
hf
k kd f
hf
d
S
,ae@ óuHawGŒae&onfh tajctaersm;u xif&m;aomoufaoom"ursm; jzpfaeayonf? rdrd
S
uxkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'jyXmef;csursm;udvnf;aumif;/ rdruay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;
f
k
d
udvnf;aumif; rdru,wicsKd ;azmufaejcif;jzpfayonf? Ediiawmfordi;f wGif trnf;uGuf a&;qGJ
k
d kd f kd f
kfH
k
vdujf cif;jzpfayonf? wdi;f jynf.*k%oumudk wdi;f jynfvwpktzGŒJ u ESrcsvujf cif;jzpfayonf?
k
k
f d Q
k
l
d hf kd
6?
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrm 27-5-90 &ufae@wif usi;f y+yD;pD;cJonf?
D kH D kd
JG S
G
h
jynfovxu jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd wufa&muf&ef ‚if;wk@d .ud,pm;vS,rsm; (od@k r[kw) jynfoŒl
l l k
f
k f
f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;cJonf? ygwp'rua&pDaxGaxGa&G;
f
kd f
f
h
D kH D kd
aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siuvnf; rnfonfy*Kd~ vonfrnfonfrqENe,f. jynfoŒl v$wawmf
JG
f
hk f
hJ
f
ud,pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k jrefrmEdiijH yefwrf;rsm;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmay;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh
k f
kf
jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf ,ae@
l l k
‡
k f
f
kd f
f
xufwif w&m;0if&yfwnfv#uyif&=dS uonf?
kd
f
7?
od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfum; ,ae@xufwif ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sao;? jynfoŒl
f
kd
f
d
v$wawmfay:aygu&efrm oufqi&mOya'udk jyÏmef;ay;xm;aom Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnf
f
f S
kd f
kfH
f
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpwiom wm0ef&onf r[kwf
dfH
D Gf
dS
bJ jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif wufa&mufI vlxtusKd ;twGuf jynfoŒl qENt&aqmif&uay;&rnfh
f
G
k
G f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tay: Yvnf; wm0ef&ayonf? a&G;aumufywif yg0ifI
f
kd f
f
dS
JG G
272

273. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
0ifa&muf ta&G;cHpOfuyif jynfolŒv$wfawmfay:aygufvm&rnfjzpf+yD; v$wfawmfodk@ wuf
a&muf=u&efjzpfonf? rJqEN&if jynfovxuvnf; ‚if;wd@k wifajr‡mufay;vduonfh jynfoŒl
S
l l k
k f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf ay:ayguvmrnfvwawmfY jynfovxEihf EdiiawmftusKd ;
f
kd f
f
f
h $ f
l l kS kfH
twGuf wm0ef,aqmif&uap&efjzpfonf?
l
G f
8?
txufwif a&;om;azmfjyxm;onftwdi;f jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvm&ef
G
h k
f
f
tm%mydirsm;u ‚if;wd@k .wm0efursuu,ðf yI ysuuuonfa=umifvnf;aumif;/ ,if;wd@k u
kf
kd f G
f G f
h
jynfovxo@kd t}ur}f uray;cJonfuwdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmufvuonfa=umifvnf;aumif;
l l k
d df h h
kd f
h
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. wm0efjzpfvmay
f
kd f
f
onf? xda=umifh 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu
k
hS
D kH D dk
JG G
S
l l k
wcJeufaxmufctm;ay;jcif;cHxm;&aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf u 21-7-98 &ufae@rwdif
H
kd
k
rD jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yk'r (3) t& jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef EdiiH
f
JG
f
f
kf
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒGH òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUÏxHo@kd w&m;0ifpmjzifa&;om;awmif;qdconf?
hf
h
k hJ
9?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;onf 1990 ckEpuusi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
f
Sf
h
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufywif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEiia&;ygwrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;Ediia&;ygwrsm;rS
JG G k
kd f H
D
kfH
D
vnf;aumif;/ woD;yk*vrsm;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydita&G;cHonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;xJrvnf;aumif;/
~
S f
S
jynfovxu rdroabmqENt& vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduonfh
l l k
d
f
‡
k f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vH;k tay:wGif wm0ef&=dS uayonf? a&G;aumufy0ifa&mufpOf
f
kd f
f
JG
u v$wawmfo@kd wufa&mufI wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef ta&G;cHcjhJ cif;r[kwygavm?
f
f
10?
(u) rdrwi;f jynf. tcsKyftcsmtm%mwnfjrJae&efvnf;aumif;/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;
d kd
ysup;D òyuom;jcif; rjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;/ wdi&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;wef;wla&;ESihf 'Drua&pda&;rsm;
f d JG G
kf
kd
D
ay:wGitajccHI wdi;f &if;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf wdi;f &if;om;rsm;aoG;pnf;a&;ESihf pnf;
f
k
k
vHk;nD!¸wfa&;udk yDyDjyifjyifwnfaqmuf&efonf tvGefta&;}uD;onfh trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;
rl}u;D w&yf jzpfaeayonf? Trl}u;D uko&=dS uonftav#muf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrsm; jzpf=u
d d
h
k
D
aom - &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
k
dk
- &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
- rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
f
kd
- ZdrtrsKd ;om;uGe*&uf
k D
f
æ wk@d u 1988 ckEpwif wki;f jynftm%modr;f yduxm;onfh t%myditzGŒJ xHo@kd “a&G;
Sf G d
k f
kf
aumufy&v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf razmfEiao;jcif;onf jrefrmhordi;f wGif trnf;puf
JG
kd f
k
}u;D jzpfaeygonf? xktrnf;puf}u;D udk acszsu&efrm a&G;aumufy&v'fukd tjrefq;kH taumift
d
f S
JG
xnfazmfay;&efEihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ay;&efrty tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Say?” [k jynfoŒl v$wf
S
f
S
d
awmfac:ay;&ef ta=umif;=um;awmif;qdconf?
k hJ
(c) atmufyg wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pktzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;uvnf; jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;
k
f
a&;udk tpOD;yxrY axmufcconf?
H hJ
273

274. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
- &Sr;f jynfe,f vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk jynfo@l vwajrmufa&;tzG@J (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
G f
- u&ifevrsKd ;aygi;f pHk jynfoŒl vGwajrmufa&;wyfO;D (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
D l
f
- rGejf ynfopfygwD (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
- u,ef;jynfopfygwD
(*) jynfoŒl v$wawmfOuUÏ tjzpf a'guwmOD;apmjratmif/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
f
f
k f D kd
OuUÏ tm; wifajr‡mufconf? a'guwmOD;apmjratmifonf &cdijf ynfe,f ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,f rJ
hJ
f
k
qENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfovxu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmf
l l k
f
ud,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfonf? T *k%oa&&Svonfy*Kd~ vf}uD;onf tm%mydiw@kd u ,ae@wif
k f
f
f
d S h k
kf
kd
rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&onf?
11?
(u) xdo@kd awmif;qdvuonfh tcserwdirD trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu ygwpkH
k
k kd f
d f kf
kd
D
'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;pD;onfh &SpEpajrmufae@ tcrf;tem;ukd 27-5-98
kd
f S f
ESihf 28-5-98 &ufae@rsm;wGiusi;f ycJ+h yD; tzGŒJ csKyfA[dtvkyraqmiftzGŒJ u jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
k
f _
f
ac:,l&rnfh ae@&ufuowfrw+f y;D Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpxH ta=umif;
kd
S
kfH
D
=um;&ef[k wufa&mufvm=uonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k u
f
kd f
f
wnDw!$wwnf; qH;k jzwfvuonfEiwòyieuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf
f
kd f
S hf d f
f
kd f
f
tzGŒJ 0if tcsKd Œtm; 1961 ckEpf jypfrusL;vGewwforsm; tufOya' yk'r-5(1)(p)(q)jzifh tm
S
_
f
l
f
%mydiw@kd u tm%mudtvGetu|H oH;k I rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f cJonf?
kf
k
f
d
h
(c) tqdygOya'rSm vl@oumysuv+S y;D vlŒb0wGif vlqonfa0g[m&udyif roH;k Edionfh
k
d Q
f
kd h
k
kf
tvGe@f tvGerS nHzsi;f ao;odrvonfvyief;rsm;ESihf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðyaeonfh wu,fvl
f h
f S h kf
h
tE<rsm;ESiomoufqionf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmf}u;D rsm;rSm rJqEN&ijf ynfovl
hf
dk f
f
dk f
f
S
l
xku =unf!av;pm;+y;D vlŒtodi;f t0di;f wGif *k%oum&S&EiaexdiI toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy
kd
k
k
f d Q d dS S hf k f
onfy*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm; jzpfonf?
hk
(*) tm%mykirsm;.vky&yfrm *k%oum&Sonfy*Kd~ v}f ursm;ukd odumusap&ef aqmif
df
f S
f d Q d hk
D
Q
&Gujf cif;jzpfonf? toa&ysurj_ zpfaom &mZ0wfr_ usL;vGeaejcif;yifjzpfonf? od@k aomf xdy*Kd~ vf
f
f
kk
rsm;.*k%oumudk rnfo@kd r# csI csKd ;EdrI&Ekirnfr[kway? &vnf;r&Ediyg? odumrJpmjzifh aqmif
f d Q
Sf df
f
kf
Q hG
&Gu=f uolrsm;omv#if odumusrnfjzpfayonf?
Q
12?
(u) Oya't& jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&efudpPESifhywfoufIrl/ Oya'udk vHk;0
tav;rrl *±krðybJ ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;/ jynfovx.qENukd tav;rðy/ rsuu,ðf yI
l l k
f G
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pdtzGŒJ csKyfEihf wdi&if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Ekiia&;ygwD (4) cku jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ay;
kd
D
S kf
dfH
f
&efawmif;qdcsuukd 1988 ckEprpI wki;f jynftm%muduiw,xm;onfh tm%mykirsm;u
k f
S f S
d
k kd f G f
df
rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r&SbJ vpfv#L±_vuonf? jynfovx.qENukd qef@usivuf
d
kd f
l l k
f kd
onfa=umifh jynfovx.odumudvnf; csKd ;Edrvujf cif;jzpfayonf? rðyvkytyf/ rðyvkyxu/f
l l k
Q k
S f kd
f
f kd
rðyaumif;yg?
(c) vspv#L±_vu±ru trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
f
kd f Hk
kd
kd kd f
274

275. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf jynfe,f/ wki;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; toD;oD;rS pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/
kd f
f
d
±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; tm%mydirsm;u tm%mudtvGetu|toH;k ðyvsuf 6-9-98 &ufae@rpI
kf
k
f
H
S
xyfrum w&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f cJonf? tcsKd Œud,pm;vS,rsm;rSm 1988 ckEp/f
H
d
h
k f
f
S
ZlvivrSpI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? rnfonhf Oya'§enf;Oya'rsm;udr# usL;vGe=f u
kd f
k
aom yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;r[kw=f uay? oufqi&mrJqEN&ijf ynfovxu rdroabmt& vGwvyfI
kd f
S
l l k
d
f
w&m;r#wpGm Oya'rsm;t&/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom *k%oa&&S/d *k%oum&SvS
f
f d Q d
onfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf=uayonf?
(*) jynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKy0ifrsm;udk rw&m;/ Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f
f
kd f
f
f
,Hru ‚if;wd@k tm; rdom;pk.aexdipm;aomuf&eftwGuuyif t%mydirsm;u vduvaESmifh
k
kf
f kd
kf
k f H
,Su/f rw&m;vkyaqmifvm=uonf? vH;k 0OHk vlvcsi;f pmemjcif;r&Say? odrzsi;f vSonfh vky&yf
f
l
d
f
f
jzpfonf?
(C) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (203) OD;/ pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0if ESihf ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0if (787)
f
kd f
OD; csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc=hJ u&onf?
(i) trsKd ;om;Ediia&;jzpfonfh 'Drua&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGita&;rsm;/ rdrwi;f jynfwif ay:
kfH
kd
hf
d kd
G
xGe;f vm&ef rdrw@kd .pdwqENt&aqmif&ujf cif;onf rnfonftjypfur# usL;vGeonfr[kway?
d
f
G
h
kd
f
f
jrifhjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk aqmif&Guf=ujcif;omjzpfonf? jrefrmEdkifiHu oabmwl
vufrwa&;xd;k xm;onfh “tjynfjynfqi&mvl@tcGita&;qdi&m a=unmpmwrf; tyd'f (18)
S f
kd f
hf
kf
k
ESihf (19)wk@d t& *k%&pmjzifaqmif&ujf cif;om jzpf=uayonf?”
f Sd G h
G
(p) rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHae&aom *k%oa&&Sd jynfoŒl
d
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; tm%mydiw@kd u zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;onf[k trSef
f
dk f
f
kf
d
w&m;udk trSetwdi;f ajymqda=unmjcif;rðybJ “{nfa*[m” rsm;wGixm;&S+d yD; awGŒqHaqG;aEG;
f k
k
h
f
k
aeonf[k r[kwr[wfvrvnfI urBmod@k a=unmcJonf? trSerm ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; jynf
f
df
h
fS k f
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyfu ay;tyfxm;
f
kd f
f
S
kd
aom wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKytzGŒJ 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif; E_wxuap&ef twif;t"rR
f
S
f G f
w&m;r0ifpm &mZ0wfruusL;vGe+f yD; aqmif&uaejcif;omjzpfayonf?
G
_ kd
G f
(q) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udomru/ tzGŒJ csKyf XmecsKywif XmetoD;oD;/
f
kd f
f
k
f G
vkyief;tzGŒJ toD;oD;wd@k Y wm0ef,aeonfh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ jynfe,f§wdi;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; pnf;
f
l
k
±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rS pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udyg rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;cJonf?
k
d
h
13?
(u) od@k Eihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfum; ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sojzifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
S
f
f
d
kd
csKyfu/ tm%mydirsm;tm; v$wawmfac:ay;&ef wkuwe;f awmif;qdonfae@jzpfaom 21-8kf
f
d f G
k h
98 &ufae@wif atmufygtwdi;f a=unmcJonf?
G
k
h
“trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ wdi;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;
kd
f
f
kd f
f
k
rsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ tjcm;Ediia&;ygwrsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
kd f
f
kfH
D
f
kd f
vS,rsm;ESihf woD;yk*vjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;vH;k wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfzŒJG
f
~
f
kd f
f
f
pnf;a&;ESipyfvsO;f I rJqEN&irsm;ESihf jynfovx.oabmqENt& wm0efusa&mufvm+yDjzpfyg
hf
Sf
l l k
275

276. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
onf?
(c) xka=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d
kd
k
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfukd r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpf
k f
f
f
a=umif; a=unmvduygonf?
k f
(*) xko@kd a=unmvdu&jcif;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk umuG,f
d
k f
f
JG
apmifa&Smufa&;/ w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy. teuft"dyg` ,f
h
D kH D kd
JG
ay:vGiap&efO;D wnf+y;D trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu a=unmvdujf cif;jzpfonf? ‚if;tjyif EdiiH
f
d kd
k
kf
awmfEihf Ediiom;rsm;. vufiif;ESihf a&&SntusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;twGuf aqmif&uvujf cif;vnf;
S kfH
f
G f kd
jzpfayonf?
14?
txufwia&;om;az: jycJonftwdi;f jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk tm%m
Gf
h h k
f
kd f
f
ydirsm;u rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h odumrJpm csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;vduonfa=umifh jynfow@kd
kf
Q hG
k f
l
uvdvm;awmif;waeaom 'Drua&pDvrf;a=umif;zGiay;Edionfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,ljcif;
k
kd
hf k f
f
rðyEdiawmhay?
kf
x x od@k jzpfI jynfovxu jynfoŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; ‚if;wd@k Eihf wdi;jynf
l l k
l
f
kd f
f
S kf
tusKd ;twGuaqmif&uay;&ef/ ud,pm;vS,vtyfay;xm;onfwm0efrsm;udk vspvsL±_Ir
f
G f
k f
f J$
h
f
xm;Edionftm;avsmpm twdi;f twmwcktxd/ pGr;f aqmifay;Edior# aqmif&uay;&efvnf;
kf h
fG
k
kf
G f
aumif;/
x x jynfoŒv$wawmfay:ayguvmv#if 'Drua&pDa&;ay:xGe;vm+yD; ,if;ESitwl vlŒ
l
f
f
kd
f
hf
tcGita&;rsm;udyg wd;k wufaumif;rGevmap&efvnf;aumif;/
hf
k
f
x x Ediiwijf ynfovxk awGΗucpm;ae&aom Ediia&;/ vlra&;/ use;rma&;/ ynma&;
kfH G
l l
HH
kfH
_
f
tp&Sonfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;udk tm%mydiw@kd usio;kH aeonfh Ediia&;tiftm;pkrsm;
d
kf
hf
kfH
tay: zdtm;ay;tusyuizrf;qD;xde;f odr;f onfenf;rsm;jzifh taotcsmrajz&Si;f Edionfa=umifh
f kd f
h
kf
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh wwftm;or#ajz&Si;f ay;Edi&efaomfvnf;aumif;
f
kd f
kf
atmufygw@kd yg0ifaom “ 1990jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrS wifajrmufvuf
hS
D kH D kd
JG
‡
kd
aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ud,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD (jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;ðy aumfrwD)”
f
k f
h
f
k f
udk 16-9-98 &ufae@wif zGŒJ pnf;vduonf?
G
k f
15?
276
(u) aumfrwD0ifrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpfonf?
OD;atmifa&$
- &efuewi;f / r&rf;uke;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
k f kd
awmfu,pm;vS,?
kd f
f
OD;at;omatmif
- &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
k
kd
k f D kd
rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGeu&ufygwD
f
kd
k
f
rsm; ud,pm;ðyud,pm;vS,?
k f
k f
f
OD;wifO;D
- 'k OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
kd
a':atmifqef;pk=unf - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
kd

277. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
OD;vGif
-&efuewi;f / oH;k cGòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl vGwawmf
k f kd
f
ud,pm;vS,?
k f
f
OD;oef;xGe;f
- rE av;wdi;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl
W
k
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
kd f
f
OD;vSaz
- {&m0wDwi;f / armfvòriòf rŒd u|e;f e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS jynfol
kd
d
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
OD;pd;k jrifh
- &efuewi;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS jynfoŒl
k f kd
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,?
f
dk f
f
OD;vGe;f wif
- rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòriòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
d
awmfu,pm;vS,?
dk f
f
OD;!¸e@f a0
- yJc;l wdi;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS jynfo@l vwawmf
k
$ f
ud,pm;vS,?
k f
f
(c) aumfrwD.OuUÏtjzpf OD;atmifa&$uaqmif&u+f yD; twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;tjzpf OD;at;
G
omatmifEihf OD;oef;xGe;f wd@k u aqmif&uom;=urnf?
S
G f G
(*) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
f
kd f
S
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;t& jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfac:,lay;a&; taumif
f
f
txnfay:vmonfae@&uftxd v$wawmfu,pm;aqmif&uom;rnf?
h
f
kd f
G f G
16?
(u) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd atmufygEiirsm;. ygvrefvwawmf
f
kd f
kd f H
D
$ f
rsm;u axmufc=H uonf?
- Oa&myor*~ygvref
D
- tjynfjynfqi&mygvrefrsm; or*~
kd f
D
- aemfa0Ediiygvref
kfH D
jrefrmEdiivwajrmufa&;!¸e@f aygi;f tzGŒJ (urBmtEStjym;&Sd wuUovrsm;ESihf tzGŒJ
kfH G f
H
kd f
tpnf;aygi;f (100) ausmw@kd utajccHI zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfonf?)
f
kd
- 'de;f rwftrsKd ;om; ygvrefqi&m Ediia&;ygwD (5)ygwD
D
kd f k f H
- b,fv*s,H trsKd ;om;ygvref
f D
D
(c) ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&mvlŒtcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif.
tpnf;ta0;rsm;u ‚if;wd‹k .qH;k jzwfcsursm;wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
f
f
kd f
aumfrwDzŒJG pnf;jcif;ukd rSwom;xm;a=umif; rSwwrf;wifaz: jyxm;ygonf?
f
f
(*) tqdygEiirsm;ESihf or*~rsm;rS ygvrefrsm;ESihf ukvor*~taxGaxGnvmcHEihf tjynf
k kd f H
D
D
S
jynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&;aumfr&Siw@kd ukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu
kd f
hf
f
f
kd f
vduv0rf;ajrmufpmaus;Zl;wif&yga=umif; rSwwrf;wiftyfayonf?
_ f JS
G
dS
f
(C) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu tjcm;EdiiH ygvreftoD;oD;. axmufcr_
f
dk f
kf
D
H
ud&&S&ef qufvufóu;d yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf?
k d
17?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk csrwxm;+yD;
f
kd f
f
S f
277

278. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jzpfonf?
- Ekiia&;ygwrsm;.vkyyicirsm;udk Oya't&aqmif&uay;&ef?
dfH
D
f kd f G hf
G f
- v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; Ediia&;t& ajymqdvyaqmifjcif;ESiqufE,onfh
f
kd f
f
kfH
k kf
hf
G f
udprsm;udk ta&;,ljcif;rSuif;vGwciðhf y&ef?
P
fG
- tm;vH;aomEdiia&;tusO;orm;rsm;udk c|i;csur&Stjrefq;v$way;&ef?
k
kfH
f
f f d
kH
f
- EdiiwEdiiwif wyfrawmfonf r&Srjzpfvtyfonfh tzGŒJ tpnf;wckjzpfonf? wyfr
kfH kfH G
d
kd
awmf.wm0efonf EdiiawmfEihf EdiioEiiom;rsm;udk umuG,apmifa&Smuf&efEihf
kfH
S k f H l kd f H
f
h
S
zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'udk umuG,&efjzpfonf? jynfovxu ,H=k unfu;dk pm;
f kH
f
l l k
cspcifonfh acwfr+D y;D / umuG,a&;wm0efukd oef@oef@xrf;aqmifonfh wyfrawmfjzpf
f
f
&rnf? jynfow@kd .qENuO;D xdyyefum tpOfav;pm;&rnf?
l
kd
f
- atmufyg Oya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfutwnfðy&ef?
f
(u) Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'?
kfH
D
f kH
(c) toif;tzGŒJ rsm;zGŒJ pnf;jcif;qdi&mOya'?
kf
(*) ('Drua&pDusix;kH usienf;rsm;ESirudunaom jyÏmef;csursm;udcsevyI) jynf
kd
hf
hf
hf k f D
f
k f Sf
olŒv$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'?
f
JG
- urBmuvor*~. taxGaxGnvmcHwif 1989 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (20) &ufae@u
h k
D
G
S k
twnfðyjyÏmef;cJaom uav;oli,frsm;tcGita&;rsm;qdi&m oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
h
hf
kf
jrefrmEdiiu yg0ifvufrwx;kd chjJ cif;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfutwnfðy&ef?
kfH
S f
f
- atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfuy,fzsu&ef?
f
f
(u) jynfovxk (txl;ojzif) Ediia&;orm;rsm;tm; rw&m;ojzifta&;,l&mY
l l
h kfH
h
tvGetu|o;kH pGaeaom yk'r-5 tygt0if 1950 jynfh ta&;ay: pDrrtuf
f
H J
f
H _
Oya'?
(c) jynfovxk (txl;ojzifh Ediia&;orm;rsm;udk rw&m;ojzifta&;,l&mY toH;k ðy
l l
kfH
h
aeonfh yk'r-(10) udk r¾dKiðf yIom Ediiawmftm; aESmuf,uzsuq;D vdorsm;
f
kfH
S f f
k l
. ab;tEN&m,frS umuG,apmifa&SmufonfOya'?
f
h
h
- jynfoŒl v$wawmftaejzifh jynfovx. tajccHtcGita&;rsm;udk rxdcuapyJ
f
l l k
hf
kd f
EdiiawmfvòkH cHa&;ESihf wnf+idra&;udk vHavmufpm tumuG,ay;Edi&ef/ wnfqJ
kfH
f
k
G
f kf
Oya' toD;oD;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifu jyifqif&ef?
h
- atmufygOya'rsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifonfw@kd ukd jyifqif&ef jynfoŒl
h
v$wawmfo@kd wifjyrnf?
f
(u) jynfoŒl v$wawmfOya'ESienf;Oya'rsm;?
f
hf
(c) 'Drdkua&pD a'oE W& tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'rsm;?
(*) wuUovrsm;tufOya'?
kd f
(C) trsm;jynfotm; twif;t=uyfvytm;ay;cdi;f apjcif;ESihf ywfoufI tu|r;f
l
kf
k
0ifaom aus;&GmtufOya' yk'r (8) ESihf (12)? TonfEihf ywfoufI oH;k oyfcsuf
f
S
rsm;udcsrwc+hJ yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd wifjyrnf?
k S f
f
278

279. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
- Ediiawmfukd ppfreaom'Drua&pDEiiawmf xlaxmifrnfjzpfonftwGuf 'Drua&pD
kfH
Sf
kd
kd f H
h
kd
tajccHrrsm;ESitnDjzpfaom Ediiom;.tcGita&;rsm;udk umuG,apmifa&Smuf
l
hf
kfH
hf
f
h
ay;onfh Oya'rsm;jzpfonftjyif w&m;a&;r¾dKifukd ajzmifrwfay;&eftwGuf pmc|ef
h
h
awmftrde@f rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfo@kd wifjy+yD; twnfðycsu&,l&ef?
f
f
18?
(u) jynfovxtusKd ;twGuf ydrI twdi;f twmwcktxdaqmif&uEi&ef jynfoŒl
l l k
k kd
k
G f kd f
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu atmufyg jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk 8-12-98
f
kd f
f
&ufae‹wif zGŒJ pnf;cJonf?
G
h
- wki;f &if;om;rsm;a&;&maumfrwD?
d
- b¾m/ pD;yGm;/ ukeo,a&;&maumfrwD?
f G f
- Oya'a&;&maumfrwD?
- ynma&;&maumfrwD?
- use;f rma&;/ vlra&;&maumfrwD?
_
- Ediiwum qufqa&;&maumfrwD?
kfH
H
- awmifov,form;a&;&maumfrwD?
l
- tvkyorm;a&;&maumfrwD?
k f
- v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwD?
f
- umuG,a&;&maumfrwD?
f
(c) ‚if;aemuf atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk csrwconf?
f
S f hJ
- wdi;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDu wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wrwnfaqmufa&;
k
k
$ f_
twGuf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkuprsm;ESiywfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
k
dP
hf
- b¾m/ pD;yGm;/ ukeo,a&;&maumfrwDu pD;yGm;a&;/ b¾ma&; tp&Sonfrsm;
f G f
d
ESiywfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
hf
- ynma&;&maumfrwDu jrefrmhuav;rsm;ESihf ynma&;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI t}uðH y
pmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- use;f rma&;&m/ vlra&;&maumfrwDu aq;±H;k rsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;/ aus;vuf
_
use;f rma&;Xmersm;/ rdcifEiuav; use;f rma&; tp&Sonfw@kd EiywfoufI
S hf
d
S hf
t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- tvkyorm;a&;&maumfrwDu tvkyorm;rsm;ESiywfoufonfh t}uðH ypmwrf;
f
f
hf
ðypk&ef?
- jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&;&maumfrwDu jynfolŒv$wfawmfESifh ywfoufonfh
t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- umuG,a&;&maumfrwDu umuG,a&;ESihf ywfoufaom t}uHðypmwrf;
f
f
ðypk&ef?
- awmifov,form;a&;&maumfrwDu oufqi&mt}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
l
kd f
19?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; csrSwf
vduonf?
k f
279

280. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
- trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmf
kd
S k
D
f
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef w&m;ojzifawmif;qdvu+f yD;aemufr/S 1988 ckEpwif wdi;f jynf
h
k dk
Sf G k
tm%mudor;f ,lxm;onfh tm%mydirsm;u Ediia&;ygwtoD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
k d
kf
kfH
D
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk zrf;qD;/ csKyaESmif/ xde;f odr;f jcif;wd@k onf vGwvyfIw&m;r#
kd f
f
f
f
wpGm 1990 jynfEpf arvu usi;f ycJaom/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
hS
h
D kH D kd
&v'fukd zsuq;D vdujf cif;jzpfonf? Tvky&yfukd jyif;jyif;xefxef±wcsvuonf?
f
k
f
_ f kd f
EdiitwGuf tpOftvmqd;k 0g;vSonf? tedÏm±H}k uD;rm;vSonf?
kfH
- *syefEiitpd;k &u Ediiawmfat;csr;f om;,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD ppfaxmufvr;f
kd f H
kfH
S
a&; t&m&S}d u;D wOD;ud/k tpd;k &.{nfonfawmftjzpf zdw=f um;cJjh cif;onf jrefrmEdiiY
h
kfH
'Drua&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGia&;twGuf óu;d yrf;ae=uaom tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vrsm;
kd
hf
f
udk enf;trsKd ;rs;d jzifacsre;f &mY t"duvkyaqmifaeaom ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ udk
h _
f
S
tm;ay;tm;ajrmufðy&ma&mufonfa=umifh *syefEiiatmufvwawmfEihf txuf
‡
kd f H
$ f
S
v$wawmfEp&yfw@kd . OuUÏrsm;xHo@kd pmjzifa&;om;I jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
f
Sf
h
f
kd f
aumfrwD. pd;k &drrEihf rausrcsr;f jzpfrrsm;udk ta=umif;=um;cJonf?
f _ S
_
h
- jrefrm§xdi;f ydieuf yifv,fa&jyifwif wzufEiirS ig;rsm;ud0ifa&mufzrf;jcif;ESihf
k kf
G
kd f H
k
ywfoufI tcif;jzpfym;cJjh cif;ESihf ywfoufI jrefrmEdiiyieufyifv,fEihf yifv,f
G
k f H kd f
S
ZHk tay: tcsKyftjcmtm%mydiqirEipyfvsO;f I wbufEiiu rnfonftcgr#/
k f kd f _ S hf
kd f H
h
wpHw&m tjiif;yGm;r_r&Scb;l onfh u|e;f (3) u|e;f ydiqiruyg qufE,vmonf
k
d hJ
k f kd f _ kd
G f
a=umifh tjiif;yGm;r_up&yfrsm;udk ESpEiiw@kd u tdre;D em;csi;f yDopGm/ csp=f unf&if;ES;D
dP
f kd f H
f
+idr;f csr;f pGmajz&Si;f Edirnf[k ,H=k unfa=umif;?
kf
20?
(u) Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpu jrefrmEdiiwif vlO;D a&wd;k yGm;
kfH
D
kfH G
vmrnfjzpfaoma=umif/h tpm;tpmzlva&;twGuEihf awmifov,form;rsm;aexdi&m aus;
kH
fS
l
kf
vufa'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufvmap&ef[aom ta=umif;jycsujf zifh atmufygprcsursm;
l
DH f
csrwconf?
S f hJ
- pyg;udk aEGpyg;pduysKd ;a&;ESiwuG ajrvGw/f ajrvyf/ ajr±di;f / a&eufui;f rsm;wd;k csŒJ I pyg;
k f
hf
k
G
pduysKd ;&ef?
k f
- ESr;f / yJtrsKd ;rsKd ;/ qDte;f ESihf a&mfbmyifrsm;udk wd;k csŒJ pduysKd ;&ef?
k
k f
- om;/ ig;/ ykZef arG;jrLa&; wd;k csŒJ vkyaqmif&ef?
G
f
(c) TpDrcsut& ,cifuvkyuiae=uaom jynfovxtwGu/f tcGita&; ay;oifh
H f
f kd f
l l k
hf
oavmufray;bJ/ yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;udk txl;tcGita&;rsm;ay;xm;onf?
~ d
f
f
hf
(*) rlvvufiwf vkyuiaeolrsm;onf ajrulv/D ,mulvD tajctaeod@k a&muf&uef
k
f kd f
dS k
=urnf?
(C) od@k ygojzifh Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp.pDrcsuonf rdrd
kfH
D H f
Ediiwif t}uD;rm;qH;k aomtiftm;jzpfonfh awmifov,form;rsm;ESihf vH;k 0
kfH G
l
oufqiaeonfa=umif/h ‚if;wd@k ud,pm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif ta=utvnf
kd f
k f
f
G
aqG;aEG;I v,f,mu¾rlcsrway;&rnf[k qH;k jzwfcsucsrwconf?
S f
f S f hJ
280

281. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
21?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu zGŒJ pnf;vduonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&;&m
f
kd f
k f
f
aumfrwDrsm;u ‚if;wd@k Eihf oufqionfh t}uðH ypmwrf;rsm;udk aumfrwDu vufc&&S+d y;D jzpfonf?
S
kd f
H
tqdygt}uHðypmwrf;rsm;udk aumfrwDu tpnf;ta0;rsm;t}udr}f udrusi;f yum aqG;aEG;!dEi;f
k
f
S d_
oH k ; oyf I t}uH ð ypmwrf ; rsm;ud k wk d i f ; jynf v l x k o d & S d E d k i f a p&ef 1990 jynf h E S p f
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk
ud,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD. ESpywf vnftpD&ifcpmwGif xnfoi;f azmfjy+y;D xkwjf yefrnfjzpfonf?
k f
h
f
H
h G
t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wf awmfo@kd wifjyoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;?
22?
ed*;Hk csKyftaejzifh atmufygtcsursm;udk az:xkwom;rnf?
f
f G
yxrOD;pGmwifjyvkonfrm rdru,usKd ;udpe@f y,fIvnf;aumif;/ toufay;Ivnf;
d
S d kd f
kG
aumif;/ rdrwi;f jynfwif 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef ZG/J owW/d 0d&,/ t"dÏmefw@dk Eihf
d dk
G kd
S
hf
d
d
S
pdw"gwci+f rJpmaqmif&u=f uonfa=umifh tm%mydirsm;. rw&m;/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
f f dk G
G
kf
xde;f odr;f jcif;ukcae=u&aomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; txl;av;eufpm cs;D rGr;f axmyemðya=umif; jynfoŒl
dH
G
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu rSwwrf;wif*%ðf yvkua=umif; a=unmvkuonf?
f
kd f
f
k
d f
d f
rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu ‚if;wd@k . vGwvyfaomoabmqENt& rJay;/ axmufcay;
S
l l k
f
H
cJaom/ *k%oum&Svonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; rw&m;/ odr;f zsi;f vSonfh
h
f d Q d S
f
kd f
f
enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzifh tm%myditzGŒJ rsm;u odumcsaejcif;udk av;eufpm±_wcsvuonf? vk;H 0OkH
kf
Q
G f dk f
rvkyoifrvkyxuaom ao;Ekyaomðyr_csursm;jzpfayonf?
f h
f dk f
f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rS tzGŒJ 0ifw@dk onf 'Drua&pD
f
kd f
f
dfH
D
kd
a&;ESihf ‚if;ESifh wGJzufaeaom vlŒtcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sd&ef pGJjrJaom cH,lcsufESifh ckdkifrmaom
t"dÏmefw@dk &Saeonfa=umifh wki;f jynfwif 'Drua&pD tjrefq;Hk ay:xGe;f vmrnfukd txl;wvnf
d
d
G dk
,H=k unfonf?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;/ ±d;k om;ajzmifrwfpm tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS
f
dk f
f
h G
yifyifyrf;yrf; vkyuipm;aomufae=u&onfh jynfovxukd twif;t"rRpa0;apI tm%m
f kd f
l l k
k
yditoD;oD;u rw&m; Oya'rJh “t,kt=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;” tp&Sonfh
kf
H
H
d
t"dyg` ,uif;rJ+h yD; atmf[pfapjcif;vkyief;&yfrsm;onf f
f
· ppfreaom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:xGe;f a&;udrvkvm;jcif;/
S f
kd
dk f H
k d
· jynfovxu vk;H 0tvkr&Sonfh tm%m&Sipepf oufwrf;&Snapvkjd cif;/
l l k
d d
f
f
· w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;ukd ysujf ym;apjcif;/
· jynfovxtm; w&m;Oya'tay:,H=k unfav;pm;r_/ vkuemr_ysujf ym;apjcif;/
l l k
d f
· jynfovxtm; vrf;vGo@kd y@kd ay;aejcif;/
l l k
J
· Oya'a&;&mwGiru|r;f usiaom jynfovxtm;/ tm%mydirsm;u rdrw‹dk u,usKd ;
f
f
l l k
kf
d
kd f
twGuf ckw;Hk vkytok;H csaejcif;/
f
· rdru,wijf yÏmef;xm;aomOya'rsm;udyif rav;pm;rvkuemjcif;/
d kd f dk
k
d f
· ,Ofaus;aomurBmEiirsm;xJwif trsKd ;om;a&;*k%oumusqif;apjcif;/
h dk f H
G
f d Q
281

282. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
· a&G;aumufy&v'fudk zsuq;D aejcif;/
JG
f
· jynfovxtm; w&m;Oya'udvuemusio;Hk ap&eftpm;/ aoGznfcsKd ;azmufenf;udk
l l k
k dk f
hf
avhusiay;aejcif;rsm; jzpfonfa=umihf tm%mydirsm;.vky&yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpmuef@
hf
kf
f
G
uGu±wcsvuonf?
f _ f dk f
23?
rdrEiiwif tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnf+rae+y;D jynfaxmifpEiiawmftjzpf wnfjraeap
d kd f H G
J
k kd f H
J
&ef atmufygtcsuw@dk Eihf jynfp&efvtyfayonf?
f S
h Hk
dk
Ediiwif orki;f tpyxrOD;uyif wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pktm;vk;H ESifh tjcm;tm;vk;H aom
kfH G
d
d
wki;f oljynfom;taygi;f wk‹d onf rdom;pkozG,f pm;aomufaexkivmcJ=h uonf? T jrefrmEkiiol
d
df
dfH
Ekiiom;tm;vk;H onf aoG;pnf;nD!w=f uI wOD;ESiwOD;em;vnf=uum trsKd ;om;jyefvnf
dfH
G
fh
pkpnf;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmuf&ef 1947 ckEpf azaz:0g&vu wnfaqmufconfh yifvpw"gwf
G f
k
S
D
hJ
Hk d f
jzpfaom wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;ud&if0,fyuI t+rJarG;jrL=u&ef/ Tae&mwGif trsKd ;
d
G f
k
kd f
om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ vGwvyfa&;Adoum}uD; wyfrawmfzcif}uD; AdvcsKyfatmifqef; rde@f =um;
f
k
k f
cJaom æ
h
“vlrsd K;/ bmom/ a,muFsm;/ rde;f r/ *d%;f *%ra&G; wEkiiv;Hk jynfojl ynfom;vlxwck
k
dfH
k
vk;H tajymomr[kwf tvkyEiwuG trsKd ;om;wk@d .vktifqENrsm;udjk ynf0Eki&ef trdsK;om;wk@d .
f S hf
d
h df
vkyief;rsm;wGif aomif;aomif;jzjz pdwa&mud,yg nD!w=f uonfukd qkvonf” t& vkuem
f
f
k f
G
d dk
d f
usio;Hk =uygv#if trsKd ;om;nDnwa&;udk wnfaqmufEi=f urnfjzpfayonf?
hf
G f
dk
wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;&&S&ef wki;f oljynfom;tm;vk;H u oabmwlvufcEif
d
G f
d
d
H dk
aom 'Drua&pDenf;vrf;uspm 'Drua&pDusipOfrsm;t&a&;qJxm;Ekionfh EdiiawmfzŒJG pnf;tkyf
dk
G dk
hf
G
df
kfH
csKyfytajccHOya'w&yfvtyfonf?
Hk
dk
txufyg&nfre;f csuf (2) &yf ay:xGe;f Edi&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yf ay:ayguvm&ef
S
kf
f
f
vktyfonf?
d
od@k a=umifh &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrdsK;om;
d
dk
d f D kd
f
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zdr;D trdsK;om;uGeu&ufygwEihf trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$wf
d kd
k
f
DS
dk
awmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. wki;f jynfvxtay:wGif
fh
f
kd f
f
d
l k
&Sonfwm0efrsm;t& jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,l&efaqmif&uconf?
d h
f
G f hJ
tm%mydirsm;u v$wawmfac:,lray;bJ ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; rw&m;Oya'rJxe;f
kf
f
k f
f
h d
odr;f xm;vduonfa=umif/h v$wawmfray:ayguvmEkionftwGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
k f
f
f df h
f
kd f
aumfrwDuzŒJG pnf;cJonf?
kd
h
,ae@wif tm%mydirsm;u Ekiia&;ygwrsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;udpEifh
G
kf
dfH
D
f
PS
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zsuor;f ay;vkuv#if Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;/ {nfa*[m
f
kd f
f d
d f
kfH
h
rsm;wGizrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk jyefIv$way;
f
d
f
kd f
f
f
awmhra,mifa,mif roifavsm/f rrSeuef pifppftm;jzifh qufpyfajymqk&efta=umif;r[kwaom
h
f
d
f
tcsursm;udk xkwvivm=uayonf? pifppfrm jyefay;qGonfoabmjzpfaeonf? apwemrSef
f
f $ hf
S
J h
jzif ppfreaomawGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;ðyvkyrnfqygv#if rnfonhf óudwifuef@owfcsursm;rS csrwf
Sf
H
f
dk
f
S
282

283. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
xm;jcif;r&S&ay?
d
24?
&Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGe;f trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zkr;D trsKd ;om;uGef
d
kd
dk
d
*&ufw@dk Eihf trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf wk@d u Oya't& jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef Ekiiawmf
S
kd
f
dfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpo@kd ta=umif;=um;jcif;rSm ,if;u/ xkwjf yefxm;onfh
D
Oya'tm;av;pm;jcif;ESifh Oya'ukd xkwjf yefxm;onfh tzGŒJ tm; *k%oum&Sap&efjzpfayonf?
f d Q d
25?
txufwiazmfjyxm;onfta=umif;rsm;a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,la&;udpukd
Gf
h
f
P
rnfo@kd r# ±kyor;f ay;rnfr[kwonftjyif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuvnf; rnfo@kd r#
f d
f h
f
kd f
kd
zsuor;f ay;rnfr[kwa=umif; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu ckirmjywfom;pGm tav;
f d
f
f
kd f
df
teufq;Hk jzwfvua=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?
dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (7) &uf?
S
D
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 56 (9§99)
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;t&/ v$wawmfay:ayguvm
f
JG
f
f
f
&rnfjzpfayonf? ray:ayguvmojzifh 1990 jynfEpygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy.
f
h S f D kH D kd
JG
&v'ft&/ jynfovxu vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduaom jynfoŒl
l l k
f
‡
k f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvm&efwm0ef&onf?
f
kd f
f
f
f
dS
2?
od‹k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdit
kd
k
kd
kf
rsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@kd u jynfovxk
kd
f
kd
k
f
l l
283

284. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tusKd ;rsm;twGuf aqmif&uay;&efwm0ef&ojzif/h jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,l&ef/ tm%mydirsm;xH
G f
dS
f
kf
ta=umif;=um;cJonf?
h
3?
jynfovx.qENukd vduemav;pm;jcif;r&SbJ vspvsL±_jcif;cH&ojzifh jynfoŒl v$wf
l l k
k f
d
f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD udk 16-9-98 &ufae@u/ jynfovxuwm0efc&rnfh tqdygEiia&;
kd f
l l k kd
H
k kd f H
ygwDd (5) ckrS ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;vdu&onf?
k f
f
h
k f
4?
16-9-99 &ufae@onf Tud,pm;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG pnf;onfh wESpjf ynfajrmufojzifh ESpf
k f
h
ywfvnftxdr;f trSwae@uusi;f ycJonf? od@k usi;f y&mwGi/f tm%mydirsm;u txdr;f trSwf
f
kd
h
kf
usi;f yrnfae&mjzpfaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfXmecsKyf±;kH od@k oGm;a&muf&mvrf;rsm;udk ydwf
h
kd
d
qd@k vuonf? w&m;Oya'ESihf rnDbJ ydwq@kd vujf cif;jzpfonf?
kd f
f kd
5?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud0ifciðhf yonf? od@k
kd
k
f
k G
aomf aemufwirS tjcm;tjcm;aomtzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;udk trsKd ;om;rSwywifu'fjym; yg§ryg ESihf
Gf
f kH
tjcm;trsKd ;rsKd ;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ppfaq;+yD;rS0ifciðhf ycJonf?
G h
6?
txdr;f trSw+f yD;pD;+yD;aemufwae@ 17-9-99 &ufae@wirl tm%mydirsm;u tzGŒJ csKyf
Gf
kf
±H;k od@k vm&mvrf;rsm;udk vH;k 0ydwq@kd vuonf? tzGŒJ csKyA[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk 0ifcihf
f kd f
f k
f
G
ðyonf? tm%mydirsm;onf trsm;jynfoom;vm&mvrf;rsm;udk Oya't&ydwq@kd Eicir&Say?
kf
l G
f kd f G hf d
&mZ0wfrusL;vGevujf cif;jzpfonf?
_
f kd
7?
txufyguo@kd tm%mydirsm;. rw&m;/ Oya'rJh vkyaqmifcsursm;udk av;eufpm
hJ
kf
f
f
G
uef@uuvu+f y;D ±_wcsvuonf?
G f kd
f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (11)&uf?
S
1999 ckEpf / pufwifbmv (20)&uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
284

285. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 57 (9§99)
1?
jrefrmEdii. tajccHp;D yGm;a&;rSm/ v,f,mpduysKd ;a&;vkyief;jzpfonf? v,f,mvkyief;
kfH
k f
f
f
udvyuipm;aomufae=uaom awmifov,form;rsm;onf u|/J EGm;rsm;uktoH;k ðyIom
k k f kd f
l
d
Tvkyief;udk vkyuiae=u&aomtajctaeYyif&aeao;onfa=umifh u|/J EGm; rsm;twGuf
f
f kd f
dS
tpm;tpm/ use;f rma&;ESihf vkòH cHa&;onf tvGeyif ta&;}uD;vSayonf?
f
2?
od@k wap "EkjzLòrdŒe,f/ pHuif;wkue,f&dS v,form;rsm;twGuf r&Srjzpfvtyfaeaom
d f
d
dk
uGi;f trSwf (251) twGi;f &Sd u|/J EGm;pm;usuajrud/k 1994 ckEpf rS tpðyI aus;&GmtkycsKyfa&;tzGŒJ
f
S
f
OuUÏ OD;aqmifaom taygi;f ygwpkw@dk u/ v,fajrtjzpf usL;ausmvyuic=hJ uonf[k od&&onf?
f k f kd f
dS
u|/J EGm;pm;usuajrjzpfojzif/h v,form;trsm;pkuwki=f um;cJaomfvnf;/ oufqi&mwm0ef&ol
f
d
h
dk f
dS
wk@d u rnfo@kd r# ta&;,ljcif;r&S[o&onf?
d k d
3?
1995 ckEpwi/f ,if;pm;usuajr (45) {uay:wGif jc,fv,Eici&xm;ol todi;f
S f G
f
S f kd f G hf
k
t0di;f rS/ usL;ausmol (18) OD;u/ vkyuipm;aomufae=uojzifh a'ocHv,form;aygi;f (143)
k
f
f kd f
OD;wk@d yiqiaom u|J (22) aumif/ EGm; (174) aumifw@dk rm pm;usuaysmufom;ojzifh tpm;tpm
dk f dk f
S
f
G
'kua&mufae=u&onf[k od&&onf?
Q
dS
4?
xk@d a=umifh 1995 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvY v,form;aygi;f (143) OD;wk@d u w&m;0ifuef@uuf
S
G
pmwifoi;f cJaomfvnf; oufqi&mtm%mydiw@dk rS rnfo@kd r# ta&;,laqmif&ujf cif;r&Sonfh
G h
kd f
kf
G
d
tjyif/ pm;usuajrwGif 0ifa&mufusL;ausmvyuiol (18) OD;rS (22) OD;od@k yif wd;k vma=umif;
f
f k f kd f
=um;od&onf? od‹k twGuf u|/J EGm; rsm; tpma&pmiwfjywf 'kua&muf=u&onftjyif/ v,fo
Q
h
rm;rsm;taejzifvnf;/ u|pm/ EGm;pm&&Sa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJjzpfaeygI vGepmqif;&J'uQ
h
J
d
fG
k
a&mufae=u&onf[qonf? Tudpa=umifh v,f,mxGuuexwvya&;udyif xdcuaeonf
k dk
P
f kf k f kf
k
kd f
[ko&&onf?
d dS
5?
a&wGi;f uke;f aus;&Gmtkypwif wm0efauspyg; w{uv#if (14) wif;cGEe;f ay;oGi;f =u&
fk G
J_
+y;D / wwif;v#if aiG - 300d§- usyEe;f jzifh aps;jzwfc&onf[k =um;od&onf? xk@d tjyif pduysKd ;a&;
f_
H
k f
b%fEihf jynfoŒl &JtwGu[qum/ pyg;wwif;v#if aiG 250d§- usyEe;f jzifh aus;&Gmtkypwckv;kH rS/
S
f k dk
f_
fk
285

286. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
pyg;wif; (100) a&mif;csay;&onf[vnf;od&&onf? aemufwzef axmufvr;f a&;twGu[k
k
dS
S
f
qdum pyg;wwif;v#if aiG - 200d§-usyf E_e;f jzifh pyg;wif; (100) xyfra&mif;csay;&jyefonf[k
k
H
qkonf//
d
6?
xk@d aemuf Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJrsm;vma&mufojzifh au|;arG;{nfc&eftwGu[qum/
dfH
hH
f k dk
aus;&Gmtkypk wpkv#if aiG - 20000d§- (ESpaomif;) usyjf zifh aus;&Gmtkypaygi;f (60) ausmrS
f
f
f k
f
aiGaumufcjH yefojzifh v,form;wOD;v#if aiG 200d§- usypEihf v,f,mvkyom;wOD;v#if aiG
f D S
f
100d§- usypD ay;=u&onf[qonf?
f
k kd
7?
jynfoŒl ppfEihf rdcifuav;apmifa&Smufa&; &HyaiGta=umif;jycsujf zif/h aus;&Gmtkypk
S
h
Hk
f
wpkv#if aiGusyf 100000d§- (wode;f ) ausmf owfrwaumufcjH yefojzifh xDauGŒtkyp/k ok;H yif
S f
f
uGi;f tkyp/k a&wGi;f uke;f tkypw@dk rS v,form;wOD;v#if aiG (1000d§-) (500d§-) (400d§-) (300d§)
f
fk
usyf ponfjzifvnf;aumif;/ v,f,mvkyom;wOD;v#if aiG (200d§-) (100d§-) (50d§-) usyponf
h
f
f
jzifvnf;aumif;/ ray;rae& ay;=u&onf[vnf; =um;od&onf?
h
k
8?
a&ayguaus;&Gmtkypwir/l =o*kwvtwGi;f u aumufcaeonfrm a&umwmuif;
f
fk Gf
f
H
S
wJtwGu[vnf;aumif;/ Advjf rwfxe;f wHwm;zGiytwGu[vnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl ppf yHy;kd &ef
f k
k
G
hf JG
f k
h
twGu[vnf;aumif;/ 0ef}u;D OD;apmxGe;f bk&m;wnf&eftwGu[vnf;aumif;ajymqkI t"rR
f k
f k
d
aiGaumufcjH yefojzifh wtdraxmifv#if aiG (200d§-) usypD xnf=h u&jyefonf[qonf?
f
f
k dk
9?
,cktcgwi/f awmifov,form;rsm;. b0tajctaerSm ulrnfor&S/d xlrnfor&Sb/J
G
l
h l
h l d
eif;rnf/h acsrnfoom&Sonf[qum awmifov,form;rsm;rSm pdw"gwusqif;ae=uonf[k
h l d
k dk
l
f f
=um;od&onf?
10?
od‹k twGuf wki;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;.&if;jrpfjzpfaom v,f,mpduysKd ;a&;vkyief;}u;D . t"du
d
k f
f
tm;xm;&m aus;Zl;&Sif awmifov,form;}u;D rsm;. b0tajctaersm; jyefvnfaumif;rGeap
l
f
&eftwGuf tm%mydiw@dk taejzifh vkyoifvyxu/f ðyjyifoifðh yjyifxuonfh udprsm;ud/k tcdser
kf
f h k f dk
dk f
P
f
qki;f bJcsucsi;f aqmif&uay;&ef tvGetav;teufxm;I wkuwe;f vkuonf? awmifol
d
f
G f
f
d f G d f
v,form;rsm;tay: t!SmwmrJðh yrljcif;rsm;udvnf;±_wcsvuonf?
k
f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (11) &uf?
S
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (20) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
286

287. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 58 (9§99)
1?
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf tajccHvŒl tcGita&;rsm;&&Sa&;/ ppfreaom'Dru
kd
hf
d
S f
dk
a&pDEiiawmfwnfaqmufEia&;twGuf trsK;d om;Ekiia&;udk tjynft0aqmif&uaeaom
dk f H
kd f
dfH
h
G f
w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwwckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEp/f arvwGiusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
dk f H
D
hS
f
h
D Hk D kd
axGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif jynfovx. qENr&mckiEe;f &Spq,fausmjf zifh tEki&xm;aom/ jynfol
l l k
J df_ f
df
vlxk ,k=H unftm;xm;qH;k aom ygwwckvnf;jzpfonf?
D
2?
rauG;wki;f / ewfarmufòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) wk@d rS trsKd ;om;'Dru
d
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd uk,pm;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;AdvaxG; ESihf
d f
f
fkd f
f
fk f
OD;atmifjrifoe;f wk@d onf ewfarmufòrdŒe,fjynfovx. wcJeufaxmufcrj_ zifh a&G;cs,cxm;&
h d
l l k
H
fH
+y;D olrsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚if;wd@k onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk ygwpHk
f
kd f
f
D
'Drua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&SiEihf oufqi&mtm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;uvnf;
dk
JG
f S
dk f
kf
Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifxnfoi;f a=unm+yD;jzpfonf?
dfH
h G
3?
xkjd ynfovx. ud,pm;vS,tppftrSersm;jzpfaom ewfarmufòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f
l l k
k f
f
f
trSwm (1) ESihf (2) wk@d rS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d
f
f
kd f
k
vk;H 0 raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh rrSeruef/ w&m;Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rRtEkiusiI &or#
H
d
f
d f hf
vlwpkjzifh w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw&yf ðyvkyEia&;twGuf óudwifjyifqifaea=umif;
JG
f kd f
=um;od&ayonf?
4?
xko@kd w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyJG ðyvkyEia&;twGuf ewfarmufòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd
d
f dk f
aus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGif touf (18) ESpf jynfowi;f pm&Guvway:wGif rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;t&m
fk
h l dk
f G f
razmfjybJ/ vufrwa&;xk;d &ef twif;t"rR +cdr;f ajcmufapcki;f ojzifh trsm;pkjynforsm;rSm pdwf
S f
d
l
rygbJ a=umuf&ŒHG ojzifh vufrwa&;xk;d ay;;&jcif;rsm;&Saeonf[=k um;od&onf? tcsKd Œ vufrwf
S f
d
S
rxk;d vkorsm;twGuf ‚if;wd@k u,wif vufrwwrsm;xk;d a=umif;udvnf;=um;od&onf?
d l
kd f dk
S f k
k
287

288. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
5?
tcsKd Œaus;&Gmtkyprsm;wGif ta=umif;t&m rnfo@kd r# rajym=um;aomfvnf; tcsKd Œaus;
fk
&Gmtkyprsm;wGif “,ck w&m;0if wnf&qjJ zpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;
f k
dS
f
fkd f
f
trnfemrazmfxwI ±_wcsyðJG y&ef jzpfa=umif;” toHcsŒJ pufjzifa=unmonf[=k um;od&onf?
k f
f
h
(Oyrm-a*G;yifaus;&Gmtkyp/k vJb;l aus; &Gmtkyp/k wHcewiaus;&Gmtkyp)
f
f
G f kd f
f k
6?
,ckuo@kd Oya'rJh atmf[pf±wcsyðJG yvkyEia&;twGuf t"du t"rRvufrwa&;xd;k
hJ
_ f
f dk f
S f
cki;f olrsm;rSm/ vlra&;toif;tzGŒJ [k trnfcxm;aom/ }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmtkypk
d
_
H
›
f
tm%myditzGŒJ rsm;/ q,ftrr;ª qkorsm;jzpfa=umif;od&&onf? ,cktxdo&&or# rw&m;Oya'
kf
df d l
dS
d dS
ausmeif;r_ ðyvky&ef}uHpnftm;xkwrrsm;wGif yg0ifywfoufaeaomolrsm;rSm aus;&Gmtkypk
f
f
f _
f
tvkuf atmufygtwki;f jzpfa=umif;od&onf?
d
d
(u) tif;uke;f aus;&Gm
1// OD;pd;k v_if
d
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
2// OD;pd;k rd;k
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
3// OD;atmifbef;
- ukeo,v,f,m0efxrf;
f G f
(c) bke;f awmfjynftypk
h k f
1// OD;aX;vdif
_
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
2// OD;wif0if;
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
(*) vuQKy`i&mtkypk
f G
f
1// OD;atmifaomif;
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
2// OD;ode;f at;
- }uH§zGŒH
›
3// OD;vS'if
- wpn ygw0if
D
(C) ayyifue;f tkypk
k
f
1// OD;oef;armif
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
2// OD;atmif=unf
//
(i) ukvm;&Sitypk
f k f
1// OD;atmifa&$
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
2// OD;ae0if;
- }uH§zGŒH tzG@J 0if
›
(p) a*G;yiftypk
k f
1// OD;0rf;armif
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
2// udAuwuf
k kd f dk
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
(q) wuf0eftypk
kf
1// OD;ausmat;
f
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzG@J OuUÏ
kf
2// udoe;f aZmf
k d
- }uH§zGŒH
›
(Z) vJb;l tkypk
f
1// ud!vS
k kd
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
2// udcspvS
k f
- &yf§aus; tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ
kf
288

289. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(ps) 0gyeftkyfpk
1// udausm0if;
k
f
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
2// udoef;aX;
k
- q,ftrr;ª
d f
(n) ydwcsi;f awmtkypk
f
f
1// ud!e@f a0
k $
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
2// udatmifausmrif;
k
f
?
(Ë) prf;uef§o&ufcsOf tkypk
f
1// udoef;az
k
- }uH§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
›
2// OD;pd;k oef;
- ausmif;q&m
7?
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; Oya'rJatmf[pfyðGJ yvkyEia&;twGuf
f
dk f
f
h
f dk f
jyifqif&mwGif ewfarmufòrŒd txu rS q&mrsm;jzpf=uonfh (1) OD;xGe;f 0if;/ (2) OD;atmif aZmf0if;/
(3) OD;ae0if;/ (4) OD;atmifrsKd ;jrifEifh (5) tvu rS OD;jrifaqGw@dk yg0ifywfoufaea=umif; =um;od&
hS
h
onf?
8?
TuJo@kd ewfarmufòrdŒe,fjynfovxw&yfv;Hk u trsm;pkrqENjzifh qENray;a&G;cs,f
h
l l k
J
J
xm;aom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; jynforsm;.qENtppftrSerygbJ
f
kd f
l
f
±_wcsyðJG yvky&efjyifqifaejcif;onf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk zsuq;D aejcif;jzpfonf? ,if;od@k Oya'
f
f
f
udk ausmeif;csKd ;azmuf&eftm;xkwaer_rsm;onf jypfrajrmufaomvky&yfrsm;jzpfa=umif; yg0ifywf
f
f
l
f
oufaeolrsm;tm;owday;vkuonf?
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vjynfausmf (6) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (30) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
289

290. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 59 ( 10§99 )
xki;f EdiiH AefaumufòrdŒ&Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk tm; vufeufuitcsKd Œu 0ifa&mufp;D eif;jcif;ESihf
d kf
kd f
ywfoufI jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu 2-10-99 &ufae‹wif t*Fvybmomjzifh
f
kd f
G
df
xkwjf yefconfh owif;a=unmcsuukd odomyg&ef jrefrmbmomod@k jyefq+kd yD; jzef@a0vkuonf?
hJ
f
d f
AefaumufòrŒd &Sd jrefrmEdiio±;Hk udk vufeufuitcsKd Œu 0ifa&mufp;D eif;+y;D / "g;pmcHrsm;tm;
kfH H
kd f
zrf;qD;xm;jcif;rsm;udk =um;od&onftwGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu vGepmrS
h
f
kd f
fG
pdwtaESmuft,Sujf zpf&onf? EkiijH cm;owif;rsm;u xkorsm;onf “}u}›H ucirmaom wkuy0if
f
df
d l
›H kd f
d f JG
ppfonfawmf jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;” jzpf=ua=umif;azmfjyxm;onf[em;vnf&onf? ‚if;wd@k u
k
jrefrmEkii&dS Ekiia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vk;H udvway;&efEihf =um;jzwftpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;twGuf
dfH dfH
k $ f
S
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDEifh Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw@dk
f
dk f
S dfH
D
Ekiia&;awGŒqkaqG;aEG;yGðJ yvky&ef awmif;qdxm;onf[vnf;=um;od&onf?
dfH
H
f
k
k
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf tjcm;'Drua&pDa&;v_yf
f
dk f
kd
&Sm;olrsm;. tmoDo/ qENrsm;/ tusK;d ysupmcHpm;ae&rlrsm;ESihf ppftm%myditzGŒJ rsm;u zdEycsKyf
fG
kf
dS f
cs,jf cif;rsm;a=umifh jrefrmEkiirxucmoGm;&ef twif;t"rRvyaqmifcae&rlrsm;udk em;vnfo
dfHS G fG
kf
H
abmayguonfEiwòyiwnf;wGif oH±;Hk tm; 0ifa&mufp;D eif;+y;D "g;pmcHrsm; zrf;qD;xm;onfupukd
f
S hf d f
h dP
c|i;f csur&Sd jypfwif±wcsvuonf? tqdygvy&yfrsm;onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf jynf
f
_ f dk f
k kf
kd
S
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDw@dk u tpOfwpduf udiw,umuG,xm;aom +idr;f csr;f a&;/
f
kd f
k
kf G f
f
w&m;r#wa&;/ vlŒtcGita&;rsm;. tajccHrrsm;ESiqef@usiaeayonf?
hf
l
hf
f
xki;f Ekiitpd;k &. tiftm;tok;H ðya&;udk jiif;qkonfq;Hk jzwfcsuEihf xki;f Edii'w,EdiiH
d dfH
d h
fS d kfHk d kf
jcm;a&;0ef}u;D . oHwrefa&;&mu|r;f usirEihf owWw@kd uyg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f_S
d dk
f
kd f
u cs;D rGr;f ESpaxmif;tm;&jzpf&onf? jzpfay:vmaomtajctaeudk rnfo@kd aomxdcu'%f&mr#
f
kd f
r&&Sap=ubJ +ir;f csr;f pGmajz&Si;f apvkonfrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. ±d;k om;aom
d
d
d
S
f
kd f
qENyifjzpfonf? "g;pmcHrsm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k .rdom;pkrsm;tm;pmemaxmufxm;+y;D / ‚if;wk@d onf aysm&if
f$
csr;f ajrŒpGmjzifh tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfqpnf;=uapyga=umif;qENðytyfonf? jrefrmEkiitwGi;f Y 'Dru
Hk
dfH
kd
a&pDta&;twGuf ±k;H uefvy&m;&mwGif ppftpd;k &. cufrmjyif;xefaomvky&yfrsm;a=umifh Ekif
_ f S
f
d
290

291. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
xufp;D eif; ðyvkyrrsm;a=umif/h rdom;pkrsm;ESivnf;aumif;/ rdwaqGrsm;ESivnf;aumif; pdwqif;&J
f_
hf
f
hf
f
ylyefpmjzifh r=umc%uGumIaexki=f u&onfh ESypufuvlðyjcif;ESihf t=urf;zufjcif;ponfh '%f&m
G
J G
d
df
a=umifh touftE &m,ftoG,o,rsm;jzifh touf&iaexki=f u&aom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;tay: Y
W
f G f
Sf
d
}uD;pGmyif*±k%moufa&mufronf?
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh urBm}u;D tm;od&apvkonfrm/ Aefaumuf
f
dk f
dS d
S
òrŒd &Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk Yjzpfym;aom t=urf;zufronf jrefrmjynfwi;f Y ppftpd;k &. w&m;rJpm &ufpufr_
G
_
G
hG
rsm;/ tpOft+rJ xyfcgwvJvjJ zpfay:aer_. tusKd ;qufomjzpfa=umif;/ t=urf;zufronf t=urf;
_
zufrrsm;udom arG;jrLay;aejcif;jzpfonf?
_
k
+idr;f csr;f a&;/ vlŒtcGita&;/ w&m;r#wa&;udjk rwfE;kd aom jynfotaygi;f . t=urf;r
hf
l
zufaom/ pGpjJG rJjrJ rqkwrepfaom ZG/J owW/d óud;pm;tm;xkwra=umifh jrefrmEkiiY 'Drua&pDrcs
J
f
f_
d f H kd
k
&&Srnf[k trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyEihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu,k=H unfa=umif;?
d
kd
fS
f
kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vjynfausmf (10) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (4) &uf?
S
dk
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
1990 jynfESpf/ ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD.
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. ).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 60 (10§99)
1?
w&m;0ifEiia&;ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
kd f H
kd
k f
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; 1990 jynfEpf / ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufy}JG uD;Y jynfovxu
kd f
f
h S
D kH D kd
l l k
a&G;cs,wifajrmufay;vduonf? ‚if;wd@k onf ,ae@wif w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
‡
k f
kd
f
dk f
rsm;jzpf=uonf?
291

292. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
od@k aomf {&m0wDwi;f usKH aysmòf rdŒe,f tm%myditzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;bvS qdoEihf òrdŒe,f
kd
kf
k l S
jynfaxmifpk }ucia&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;toif; twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aZmfrif; qdow@kd onf (13-7-99) ae@wif
›H kd f
hf
k l
G
Xmeqdi&mt}u;D tuJrsm;ESihf 0efxrf;tcsKd Œudk òrŒd ay:&Sd “{&mrif;”crf;rod@k ae@vnf 13;00 em&Dcef‹
kf
wGif qifac:v#uf usKH aysmòf rŒd e,f/ trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajrrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ref;
h
f
kd f
a*smeEihf rJqENe,fajr (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifw@kd tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d r
f D S
f
kd f
k
axmufcawmha=umif;udpEiywfoufI oufqi&m0efxrf;rsm;xJwif vufrwrxd;k olrsm;ae
H
P S hf
kd f
G
S f
aoma=umifh rjzpfrae wm0efw&yftaejzifh vufrwx;kd ay;&rnfjzpfa=umif; trde@f ay;onf[k
S f
od&&onf?
dS
3?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;ref;
kd
f
kd f
f
a*smeD ESihf OD;wifw@kd rm TòrdŒe,fwif jynfovx. tusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf vlra&;udprsm;udk acwft
f
S
G
l l k
_
P
qufqufu aqmif&uvyuic=hJ uaom yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;jzpf=uI ‚if;wd@k tay: rrSeruef pGypywf
G f k f kd f
f
f JG k
cwfum jynfoŒl qENukd w&m;rJqef@usiaqmif&uapcdi;f r_rsm;ðyvkyjf cif;udk &yfuuaus;&Gm;rsm;&Sd
h
f
G f k
G f
jynforsm;uygraxmufc=H uojzifh tm%mydirsm;u trde@f ay; +cdr;f ajcmufapcdi;f jcif;jzpfonf[k
l
kf
k
qdonf?
k
4?
Ediiawmfwnf+ira&;/ &yf&mat;csr;f om,ma&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[k Ediia&;OD;wnf
kfH
df
G
kfH
csursm;xm;&Saºu;G a=umfaeaom Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp. 0efxrf;rsm;
f
d
kfH
D
jzpf=uaom usKH aysmòf rdŒe,f tm%myditzGŒJ . OuUÏESihf Oya't&m&Sd tqifh (4) jzpfaom òrd@e,f
kf
}u§zGŒH toif; twGi;f a&;rª;wd@k onf/ rdrw@kd u,wiaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;jynfoŒl 0efxrf;rsm;
›H
d kd f kd f
udaomfvnf;aumif;/ “0efxrf;rsm; Ediia&;uif;&Si;f &rnf”[laomjyÏmef;csuukd um,uHajrmuf
k
kfH
f
292

293. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
usL;vGeap±Hr#ru/ Oya'udausmeif;aomvky&yfrsm;udusL;vGe&ef tm;xkwae=ujcif;jzpfonf?
f k
k
f
f
k
f
f
}u§zGŒH toif;onf vlra&;tzGŒJ [kqyifqjkd im;aomfvnf; Ediia&;udprsm;wGiyg/ yg0ifaqmif&uf
›H
_
kd
kfH
P
f
G
aejcif;onf w&m;r0ifonftjyif EdiiawmftwGuvnf; raumif;onftpOftvmudcsay;ae
h
kfH
f
h
k
jcif;jzpfonf?
5?
Tod@k ðyrljcif;onf jynfovx.qENukd qef@usiausmcdi;f ±Hr#ru/ w&m;Oya'udvnf;
l l k
f
k k
k
rav;rpm;ðyvkyjf cif;jzpfaoma=umifh jyif;xefpmuef‹uu±wcsvuonf?
G
G f _ f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f oDwif;u|wfvqef;(9)&uf?
S
1999 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (18)&uf?
S
kd
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 61 (10§99)
1?
w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ekiia&;ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 jynfh
dfH
dk
ESpf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif tm%mydirsm;uxkwjf yefxm;aom jynfoŒl
D Hk D dk
JG G
kf
v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;udk ,k=H unf=uojzifom ,SOòf yita&G;cHc=hJ uonf?
f
JG
f
h
df
tqkyg Oya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;tay: ,k=H unfrr&S=d uv#if Ekiia&;ygwrsm;uvnf; a&G;aumuf
d
f
_
dfH
D
yGwiyg0if,Oòf ydi=f urnfr[kw? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;qkonfrsm;vnf; ay:
J Gf
S
f
f
kd f
f
d
ayguvm=urnfr[kway? ‚if;jyif a&G;aumufy+JG yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvm&rnf
f
f
f
f
a=umifh a&G;aumufyY yg0if,Oòf ydi=f uonf? jynfovxu w&m;r#wpGmESifh vGwvyfpma&G;
JG
S
l l k
f
G
aumufwifajrmufay;vkuonfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk Ekiiawmfjyefwrf;rsm;wGif xnfoi;f a=unm
‡
d f h kd f
f
dfH
h G
+yD;onfa=umifh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfae=uay+yD?
f
kd f
f
293

294. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
2?
(u) a&G;aumufyJG Oya'rS ta&;}u;D onfh jyÏmef;csujf zpfaom tcef; (2)/ v$wawmfzŒJG
f
pnf;jcif;acgi;f pOfrS yk'r -3 udk azmfjyrnf?
f
f
(v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a±G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmf
f
hf
‡
dk f
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzihf zGŒJ pnf;&rnf)
k f
f
(c) ‚if;jyif tm%mydirsm;uvnf; atmufygw@kd uajym=um;cJonf//
kf
kd
h
-- rdrwŒ&JŒ 'Drua&pDyicit& vGwvyfr#wpGm a±G;cs,wifajr‡muf zGŒpnf;vkuwhJ
d dk
kd
dk f G hf
f
f
J
d f
tpd;& tzGŒJ tpnf;udk Ediiawmf&ŒJ tm%mudk v$ajymif;ay;_yD;wmeJŒ ====
k
kfH
J
== 'DaeŒtm%mud,xm;wJtcgrSm == pnf;eJŒpepfeŒJ vkyom;w,fqwmudk == v$wawmfay:
k l
h
f G
kd
f
aygufvm&if a±G;aumufyjJG yD;&if == v$wawmfukd wifjyr,f ===
f
== Ediitm%mudk v$ajymif;ay;zdŒk rlvuwnf;u qEN&vŒdk om a&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk ðyvkyay;
kfH
J
dS
f
cJh wmyJjzpfw,fqwm oabmaygufoifygw,f ===
dk
h
3?
(u) ,ae@wif a&G;aumufy+JG y;D pD;cJonfrm (9) ESpausmvecay+y? od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$wf
G
h
S
f
f G f hJ D
awmfum; ay:ayguvmjcif;r&SbJ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd ŒrSm uG,veom;=u+yD?
f
d
f
kd f
f
f G f G
tm%mydirsm;u !‡O;f yef;EdypufzEyrrsm;a=umifh tcsKd ŒrSmtjcm;wki;f jynfrsm;od@k a&mufae=u
kf
S f
d dS f _
d
onf// tcsKd ŒrSm tusO;f axmiftoD;oD;wk@d Y ESp&ntusO;f uscae=u&onf? tcsKd ŒrSm 6-9-98
f S f
H
&ufae@rpI ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u rw&m;twif;t"rRzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;+yD;/ ppfwyf
S
S
pcef;tcsKd ŒwGif csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;cH&qJjzpfonf? tcseumvtm;jzifh (13) v&Sae+y? jynfoŒl v$wf
df
d D
awmfu,pm;vS,wOD;rSmrl 1998 ckEpf / ZlvivrSpI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&onf?
kd f
f
S
dk f
(c) tcsKd Œaomud,pm;vS,rsm;onf touft&G,}f uD;jrifaeonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfI
k f
f
h
use;f rma&;csKd ŒwJh vmonfukd =um;od&onf? use;f rma&;a=umifh touftE &m,fxcuvmygu
W
d dk f
rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;onfh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ .wm0efom vk;H 0jzpfayvdrrnf?
S
hf
(*) trsm;aomud,pm;vS,rsm;onf tdraxmifO;D pD;rsm;jzpf=uI rdom;pkrsm;. ae
k f
f
f
xkipm;aomufa&;rsm;twGuf }uD;rm;aomtcuftcJ/ tqifrajyr_rsm;ESihf &ifqiae=u&onf?
df
dk f
rdom;pkrsm;u rdrbmom &SmazGvyuipm;aomufrnfuvnf; ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u
d
k f kd f
kd
S
vkuvuef@uuzsuq;D aeonf? vlvcsi;f vk;H 0rpmem tmCmw}u;D pGmjzifh &efouo@kd qufqH
d f H
G f f
l
l hJ
aejcif;yifjzpfayonf? jynforsm;utyfEi;f xm;onhvufeufrsm;udk udixm;olrsm;u wrif
l
S
f
kf
oufouf rw&m;ESypufnO;f yrf;aejcif;jzpfayonf?
df
‡
(C) ,ae@tcgY ruse;f rmonfjh ynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd Œudk ppfaxmufvr;f
f
kd f
f
S
a&;tzGJŒrsm;u usef;rmatmifukoray;bJ ,if;wkd@zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfhae&mrsm;wGif
uG,fvGefoGm;rnfudk pdk;&drf=uonfa=umihfom oufqkdif&maetdrfrsm;odk@jyefvnfydk@aeonf?
294

295. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
tcsKd ŒrSmrl ruse;f rmI aetdro@kd jyefvw+f yD;r=umrDyif uG,veom;=uonf?
f
$
f G f G
(i) jyefvwaomfvnf; &efueru,pm;vS,rsm;udk tzGŒJ csKyf&&mXmemcsKyfo@kd roGm;&/
$ f
k f S kd f
f
dS
e,fu,pm;vS,rsm;udk &efueo@kd roGm;&[kwm;jrpfxm;onf? tcsKd Œudk roGm;yg[I vufrwf
kd f
f
kf
l
S
a&;xk;d cki;f onf? vkuemaqmif&ujf cif;rðyonfu,pm;vS,rsm;udrl jyefIrv$wf jyefIv$w+f yD;
d
d f
G
h kd f
f
k
onfu,pm;vS,rsm;udvnf; ppfaxmufvr;f tzGŒJ u jyefvnfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifonf? Oya'ESihf
h kd f
f
k
S
vk;H 0rnD!wonfvyaqmifcsujf zpfonf?
G f h kf
(p) ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umifh omreftm;jzihf oufqi&maetdrrsm;od@k jyefvway;
dk f
f
$ f
jcif;rsKd ;vnf;&Sonf? od@k aomf tenf;i,fr#aomta&twGuomjzpfonf? xky*Kd~ vw@kd tm; trsKd ;
d
f
dk f
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyo@kd roGm;&[kwm;jrpfjyefonf? tcsKd Œudk roGm;yg[vufrwa&;xk;d aponf?
dk
f
k
S f
,if;vky&yfrsm;onf &mZowf}uD; yk'r - 399 udk usL;vGeaeonfa=umifh &mZ0wfr}_ uD;udk
f
f
f
tm%mydiw@dk u usL;vGeaejcif;jzpfayonf? vGepm,kwnoumrJvaomvky&yfjzpfonf?
kf
f
fG
f hH d Q h S
f
(q) rw&m; twif;t"rRzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;omru/ ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;wdk@
a=umihf rv$ra&SmifomI jyefvnfvway;onftcgwivnf; uef@owfcsutrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf rw&m;/
J
$ f
h
Gf
f
Oya'rJcsKyfaESmifjcif;rsm;udk trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vk;H 0vufrcHEiay? tzGŒJ csKyfuvufr
h
dk
dk f
cHEiouJo@kd oufqi&mum,uH&iy*Kd~ vrsm;uvnf; vk;H 0OkH vufcoifvufcxuonfh udpP
dk f h
dk f
Sfk f
H h
H dk f
&yfr[kway? tm%mydirsm;onf odumusvonfh vky&yfrsm;udk vkyaqmifae=ujcif;omjzpfay
f
kf
Q
S
f
f
onf?
(Z) w&m;Oya'udk tvGo;Hk pm;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ tvGetu|tok;H ðyIvnf;aumif;/
J
f
H
vufeufjzifh +cr;f ajcmufIvnf;aumif;/ tjcm; a=umufvef@apaom enf;vrf;wckcukd tok;H ðyI
d
k
aomfvnf;aumif; vlwOD;wa,muftm; uef@owf/ csKycs,/f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf &mZ
f
0wfrusL;vGejf cif;yifjzpfonf?
_
(ps) ,cktcgwif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd Œudk txufyg &mZ0wfajrmuf
G
f
kd f
f
aomenf;vrf;rsm;udtok;H ðyIxde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rSm vlq;dk "g;jyrsm;ðyvkyavh&aom jyefay;qGJ
k
f
dS
xm;jcif;ESifh xyfwxyfr#yifjzpfonf? jyefay;qGc&olrsm;udtok;H csI wpkw&mtay;t,lðy&ef
l
JH
k
H
óud;pm;jcif;/ od@k r[kwf rdrvvm;csuf wpkw&mudawmif;qkjd cif;onf t=urf;zuf&mZ0wf*%;f
d dk
H
k
kd
om;wk@d . vkyenf;vky[efrsm;yifjzpfonf?
f
f
(n) Tod@k aomenf;[efrsm;jzihf Ekii.ta&;udprsm;udajz&Si;f &eftm;xkwjf cif;onf
dfH
P
k
vGepmrSyif &Suz,&maumif;vSonf? Tenf;tm;jzihf Ekii.ta&;udprsm; +yD;ajyoGm;onf[k
fG
fG f
dfH
P
rnfonftcgr#r&Sonfukd owdðyoifonf? tusKd ;rJjh cif;rsm;om jzpfay:vmrnfrm{uefjzpfonf?
h
d
h
S
295

296. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(Ë) wzef rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd Œudk
f
kd f
f
ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u (2) ywfv#if od@k r[kwf (1) vv#if w}udrf rdom;pkrsm;ESifh wn
S
tdyr#om jyefvnfawGŒqkciay;aejyefonf? oufqi&myk*Kd~ vfrsm;ESirom;pkrsm;udk pdwtm;jzifh
f
H G hf
dk f
fh d
f
vnf;aumif;/ uk,tm;jzifvnf;aumif; n‡O;f yef;Edypufjcif;yifjzpfonf? odrzsi;f ,kwnvonfh
d f
h
Sf
f
f hH S
odumr&Sonfvy&yfjzpfayonf?
Q d h kf
4?
rnfonfta=umif;a=umifrqkd ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. w&m;Oya'ESihf vk;H 0OkH
h
h
S
rudunonfvy&yfrsm;udk vufrcHb/J }uH}› uHcici/f rdr.ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
k f D h kf
› dk f dk d
kd
csKyf.rlrsm;t& owW&pm/ pdw"gwcici+f r+J rJ &yfwnfae=uonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
d dS G
f f dk f dk
f
kd f
rsm;ESihf tjcm; tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifw@dk tm; tzGŒJ csKyfu av;pm;pGm*k%ðf yyga=umif; rSwwrf;wifvu&
f
dk f
ayonf?
5?
ZGowW&&/dS pdwa&mud,yg/ rdr. trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'rsm;twki;f / ckicif
J d dS
f
k f dd
kd
d d f dk
+r+J r/J ckicirmrm&yfwnfaeonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;
d f dk f
f
kd f
f
av;pm;*k%ðf ycs;D rGr;f &rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tzGŒJ csKyf.rl0g'rsm;udazmufzsu+f yD;/ 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf
k
dk
vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udypfy,fI trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfEihf rlrsm;udk udiw,I
hf
k
kd
S
kf G f
jynfovxu qENray;vkuIom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,jf zpfvm=uygvsuf rdroufqif
l l k
J
d f
f
kd f
d
kd
&mrJqEN&ijf ynfovx.qENukd vspvsL±_ypfy,f+y;D ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;. vufuiwwf
S
l l k
f
S
kd f k
tjzpf tok;H csjcif;cHae=u&aomoltoD;oD;wk@d tm; jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
G
f dk f
6?
tqkygorsm;onf rJqEN&irsm;u vkvm;ar#mre;f ,k=H unfxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmf
d l
Sf
d
fS
f
ay:ayguvm+y;D oufqi&mrJqENe,frsm;ESifh wki;f jynf.tusKd ;twGuf aqmif&u&rnfjzpfonf?
f
kd f
d
G f
od@k aomf v$wawmfac:,la&;udO;D xdyrxm;bJ/ rdru,usd K;twGuom ar#mre;f awmifwae=u
f
k
f
d kd f
f
fS
h
olrsm;jzpfonftwdi;f pD;yGm;a&;jzifh jrLqG,aejcif;cH=u&onfrm &Suz,vvyifjzpfayonf?
h k
f
S
f G f d d
‚if;jyif rJqEN&irsm;.qENursuu,ðf yI zk;H uG,vujf cif;onf rdrw@dk tm; qENray;axmufcol
Sf
kd f G
f dk
d
J
H
rsm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif; vdrvnfvnpm;vdujf cif;yifjzpfayonf?
f
S hf
k
296

297. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
7?
jynfovxu vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
l l k
f
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm;ESifh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u twif;/ t"rR/ rw&m;/
f
S
wrifoufouf zrf;qD;xm;jcif;rsm;onf vk;H 0OkH w&m;Oya'ESihf rnD!wonfa=umifh uk,pm;
G f
d f
vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; tjrefq;Hk / ¹cGi;f csur&d/S tuef@towfr&SbJ jyefvnfvway;&ef
f
f
d
$ f
av;eufjyif;xefpmawmif;qkvuonf?
G
d dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f oDwif;uGswvjynhausmf (1) &uf?
S
f
f
1999 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (25) &uf?
S
dk
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcsonf?)
kd
d
1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwif ajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 62 (11§99)
tif'e;&Sm;orRwEdii. orRw}uD;tjzpf a±G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom rpPwm tAŠ'l
kd D
kfH
&mref0g[pf xHoŒkd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k u vufrwa&;xd;k I
f
kd f
S f
t*Fvybmomjzifh ay;ydŒk aom 0rf;ajrmufa-umif; o0%fvmyg ta-umif;t&mrsm;udk jrefrm
df
$
bmomodŒk jyefq_kd yD; od&&efa-unmvduonf?
dS
k f
(p) “rdrEpouf&mtpd;k &udk a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufEicitygt0if oef@&i;f arGŒavsmz,&m
dSf
f
kd f G hf
S
fG f
jzpfaom oD;oef@tcGita&;rsm;jzpfonfh tajccHvŒl tcGita&;rsm;ud,=kH unf=uaom jrefrm
hf
hf
k
Ediiwi;f &Sd yk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm;vH;k .ud,pm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu tif'e;D &Sm;
kfH G
k f
f
kd f
kd
orRwEdii.orRw}uD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&jcif;tay: ±d;k om;pif=u,fpmjzifh 0rf;
kfH
H
G
ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&yga=umif;? orRw}uD;.tpd;k &onf orRw}uD;.EdiioEiiom;rsm;. &Jpr;f
k f H l kd f H
G
297

298. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
owW&rEihf qH;k jzwfoEÏmefcsrw@kd ukd o±kyaz: jyjcif;jzpfygonf? onf;cHjcif;ESihf Ediia&;tqifajyr_
d dS _ S
H Md
_
f
kfH
&&Sap&ef aphpyfrrsm;onf orRw}uD;.acgi;f aqmifru ±kyv;kH ay:vGiaeapygonf? u|Eyw@kd .
d
_
_
f
f
kf f
a'otwGi;f Y 'Drua&pDwefz;kd rsm;udk cdirmaomwm0ef,rrsm;ESitwl EdiiwEdiiay:ayguvm
dk
kf
l_
hf
kfH kfH
f
onfujkd rifawGŒ&onfrm u|Eyw@kd tm; *k%,0ifºh uGm;r_Eihf tm;wufrrsm;udk ay;pGr;f apygonf?
S
fk f
f l
S
_
tu|Eyw@kd u orRw}uD;ESihf orRw}uD;. EdiioEiiom;wd@k tm; aEG;axG;pGmE_wce;f
fk f
k f H l kd f H
fG
qufo&if;/ rsm;r=umrD tif'e;D &Sm;EdiiEihf jrefrmEdiijH ynfojl ynfom;wd@k onf vufw=JG uum
kd
kfH S
kf
+idr;f csr;f a&;/ vGwvyfa&;/ w&m;r#wa&;ESihf u±k%mrsm;jzifjh ynhpaomurBm}uD;udk awGa0,dr;f
f
f kH
,dirv;kH 0uif;&Si;f v#uf wnfaqmuf&ef wduy0if=uEdirnf[xifjrifrygonf?”(qk;H )
kf_
k f JG
kf
k
d
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wefaqmifre;vqef; (1)&uf?
S
kf
1999 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (8)&uf?
S k
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 63(11§99)
1?
&Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om; 'Drua&pD
k
kd
k f D kd
f
kd
tzGŒJ / Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufEihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd onf rdrwi;f jynfwif ppfreaom
k
f
S
kd
d kd
G
Sf
'Drua&pDpepfwnfaqmuf&efEihf &Sioefw;kd wufvmap&ef tp&Sonfh wlnaom&nf&,csursm;
dk
S f
d
D
G f f
ESihf zGŒJ pnf;wnfaxmifxm;aom Ediia&;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfonf?
kfH
D
2?
tqdyg&nf&,csursm;udk taumiftxnfaz:Edi&efrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yf ay:
k
G f f
kf S
f
ayguvm&efvtyfayonf? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfzŒJG pnf;&ef 1990 jynfEpuusi;f ycJh
f
kd
f
hSf
onfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif txufygEiia&;ygwrsm;u 0ifa&mufta&G;
D kH D kd
JG G
kd f H
D
cHconf?
hJ
3?
298
od@k aomfa&G;aumufyrm atmifjrifpm+yD;pD;oGm;cJaomfvnf; v$wawmfum;ay:ayguf
JG S
G
h
f

299. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vmjcif;r&Say? ppftm%mydirsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udxwjf yefc+hJ yD; a&G;
d
kf
f
JG
k k
aumufyuusi;f ycJonf? ,if;wd@k xwjf yefcaom a&G;aumufyOya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;t& v$wf
JG kd
h
k
hJ
JG
f
awmfac:,lay;&efjzpfaomfvnf;/ Oya'xkwjf yefconforsm;uyif Oya'twdi;f ðyvkyaqmif&uf
hJ h l
k
f
G
&efysuuuconf?
f G f hJ
4?
Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf a&G;aumufyusi;f ypOfu jynfovxtwGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfrS
kfH
D
JG
l l k
f
wqifh wdijf ynftusKd ;udprsm;udk rnfo@kd rnfyaqmif&uay;rnf[k a&G;aumufya=unmpm
k
P
kH
G f
JG
wrf;rsm;xkwjf yefIuwdðycJonf? od@k a=umifh ppftm%mydirsm;tm; oufqi&mEdiia&;ygwrsm;u
h
kf
kd f k f H
D
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;t& av;eufpmwduwe;f awmif;qdchJ onf?
f
f
G k f G
k
,if;wd@k u jynfoŒl v$wawmfuac:,lay;&efukd rsuaphywvspvsL±_confa=umifh jynfovxk
f
kd
f d f f
hJ
l l
tusKd ;rsm;twGuaqmif&uay;&ef rdrw@kd wiwm0ef&ae+y;D jzpfojzifh txufwiaz: jyxm;onfh
f
G f
d Gf
dS
Gf
Ediia&;ygwrsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuzŒJG pnf;cJonf?
kfH
D
f
kd f
kd
h
5?
ppftm%mydirsm;onf jynfovxtusKd ;twGuf Ediia&;ygwrsm;u rdrw@kd .wm0ef&dS
kf
l l k
kfH
D
d
onftavsmufaqmif&uay;jcif;udk vH;k 0rvdvm;onfa=umifh ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u
h
G f
k
S
(u) &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. OuUÏjzpfol a'guwmOD;apmjratmif (touf- 82ESp)
k f D kd
f
f
tm; rw&m;Oya'rJzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxeor;f xm;onfrm ,ae@ (13) vcef@r#
h
d f d
S
=umjrifc+hJ yD?
h
(c) rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ OuUÏ Edif (OD;) xGe;f ode;f (touf 82 ESp) ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;
f
kd
k
f
k
om;uGe*&uf OuUÏ yl (OD;) usi&i;f xef wd@k uvnf; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f cJh
f
hf S
kd
onf? use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh aq;uko&ef jyefvnfvway;vduonf?
$ f
k f
aq;0g;uko+yD;onftcg ‚if;wd@k u ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ tm; jyefvnf ac:,l
h
S
xde;f odr;f &efta=umif;=um;cJaomfvnf; rnfo@kd r#ta&;,ljcif;r&Scay?
h
d hJ
(*) od@k aomf ,ckrl 3-11-99 &ufae@u xdk OuUÏ (2) OD;udk rnfonfta=umif;a=umif[k
h
h
rod&&bJ jyefvnfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f cJjh yefonf?
dS
d
6?
rdrwi;f jynfwnfwci+f rJa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;rsm;. aoG;pnf;nD!wf
d kd
hH kd
k kd
G
a&;udk rvGraoGwnfaqmuf=u&rnfjzpfonf? wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk rw&m;/
J
k
Oya'rJ/h zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf tjrifusO;f ajrmif;vSayonf? ‚if;jyif zrf;qD;csKyf
d
aESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;jzifh wdi;f jynfwif wu,fawGΗuae&aom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;
k
G
H
kfH
_
tp&Sonfh t=uyftwnf;jyemrsm;udk rnfo@kd r#ajz&Si;f Edirnfr[kway? wdi;f jynftwGuf
d
kf
f
k
tvGeta&;}uD;aom T&nf&,csuukd zsuq;D [ef@wm;vdujf cif;yifjzpfayonf?
f
G f f
f
k
7?
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk atmifjrifpmwnfaqmufvygv#if Ediia&;t&om
k
G f
G
kd
kfH
wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? vufeufuityprsm;ESihf tajctaet& typftcwf&yfpxm;±Hk
kd f k f k
J
299

300. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
r#jzifvnf;aumif;/ tusKd ;pD;yGm;jcif;wlnojzifh wOD;ESiwOD; wzGŒJ ESiwzGŒJ ,m,Dem;vnfr_ &,lxm;
h
D
hf
hf
Edijf cif;jzifvnf;aumif; ppfreI t"Ge@f &n=f umonfh wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk wnf
k
h
S f
S
k
G f
aqmufIr&Edionfukd od&vufcEi&ayrnf? ppfreonfh wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;wnf
kf
dS
H kd f
Sf
k
G f
aqmuf&efrm Ediia&;jyemppfppfomjzpfonf?
S kfH
8?
od@k a=umifh rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxe;f odr;f xm;onfh wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif
f
d
k
}u;D rsm;udk jynfaxmifpwnf+ra&;twGuf c|i;f csur&Sd tuef@towfr&SbJ tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvwf
k
J
f
d
$
ay;&ef av;eufpmwduwe;f vduonf?
G k f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wefaqmifre;vqef; (3)&uf?
S
kf
1999 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (10)&uf?
S k
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 64 (11§99)
1?
xdi;f EdiitwGi;f od@k ESpEicsI oGm;a&muftvkyvyuiae=uaom jrefrmtvkyorm;
k kfH
f S hf D
f k f kd f
f
rsm;udk ,ckEpf Ed0ifbmvrSpwifI xdi;f EdiirS tjyif;txefvuvzrf;qD;+yD; jrefrmEdiibufo@kd
S k
k kfH
kd f H
kfH
ZGwtwif;jyefy@kd aeonf[=k um;od&onf?
f
2?
xdi;f Ediibufwif jrefrmtvkyorm;aygi;f (6) ode;f ausm&onf[=k um;od&onf?
k kfH
G
f
f dS
‚if;wd@k tm;vH;k udk xdi;f ajray:rSz,f&m;ypfrnf[k xdi;f tm%mydirsm;u ajymqdxm;a=umif;=um;od
k
S
k
kf
k
&onf?
3?
Ttvkyorm;rsm; xdi;f Ediibufo@kd oGm;a&muftvkyvyui=f u&jcif;rSm jrefrmEdiiH
f
k kfH
f k f kd
kf
twGi;f Y Ediia&;wnf+idrruif;rJjh cif;/ pD;yGm;a&; c|wòf cHusjcif;/ 'Drua&pDqwoe;f jcif;/ tajccH
kfH
f _
dk
d f k
vlŒtcGita&;rsm;uif;rJjh cif;/ b0vHòk cHruif;cJjh cif;/ tvkytudiEihf tpma&pm&Sm;yg;jcif; ponfh
hf
_
f kfS
tcuftcJrsm;a=umifjh zpfayonf?
300

301. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
4?
,if;od@k xdi;f tpk;d &ujyefy@dk aom jrefrmtvkyorm;rsm;udk jrefrmEdiibufu vH;k 0
k
f
kfH
vufrcHbJ jyefvnfIwGe;f xkwaeonf[vnf;=um;od&onf? jyefy@kd c&aom tvkyorm;rsm;xHrS
f
k
H
f
ygvmaomaiGa=u;ESihf vuf0wf&wemrsm;udk jrefrmppfom;rsm;u t"rRor;f ,l=uonf[vnf;
d
k
=um;od&onf? tcsKd Œppfwyfrsm;u ,if;'kuonftvkyorm;rsm;;udk aoewfEiypfvwonf[k
Q
f
S hf $ f
=um;od&onf? od@k twGuf trsKd ;orD;rsm;tygt0if tvkyorm;aygi;f aomif;ESicsI awmawmif
f
hf D
rsm;xJwiwvnfvnfjzpfae+yD; tpma&pmiwfjywfae=uonf[=k um;od&onf? tcsKd Œjrefrm
Gf
tvkyorm;rde;f cav;rsm;rSm jrefrmppfom;rsm;. t"rRusijhf cif;udyifc=H u&onf[k owif;rsm;ay:
f
k
xGuaeonf? awm}u;D awmif}u;D rsm;xJwif xd'uonftvkyorm;rsm;rSm tpma&pmiwfjywf
f
G kk Q
f
jcif;/ iSuzsm;a&m*gcpm;&jcif;/ pdwyi;f ud,yi;f qdi&m zdp;D r_rsm;jzpfjcif; ponfrsm;a=umifh r=umrD
f
H
f dk k f kd k f
rSmyif aoqH;k oGm;Edi=f uonf[qonf?
k
k kd
5?
Ttajctaeqd;k udk ESpbufEiitm%mydiw@kd rwm0ef,I tajctaeaumif;rGevm
f
kd f H
kf S
l
f
atmifðyvky&ayrnf? urBmuvor*~ 'kuonfrsm;qdi&mr[mrif;}u;D ±H;k ESihf tpd;k &r[kwf aom
f
h k
Q
kf
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS vktyfaomtultnDrsm;awmif;cH+y;D / ESpbufEiiy;l aygi;f I 'kuonf pcef;rsm;
d
f
kd f H
Q
wnfaqmufum vkyief;atmifjrifxa&mufap&ef aqmif&uoifayonf?
f
d
G f h
6?
t"duwm0ef&onfrm jrefrmEdiitm%mydirsm;jzpfonf? ,if;udpajyvnf&efrm ESpf
dS
S
kfH
kf
P
S
bufaomtm%mydirsm;wGif pdwaumif;apwemESihf pmempdwrsm;&S=d u&efvonf? vlom;wd@k
kf
f
f
kd
. ,cktjzpfq;kd onf pmempdwuif;rJpm &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfrrsm;a=umifjh zpfonf?
f
hG
_
7?
xdi;f EdiirS ,if;tvkyorm;rsm;udk tjyif;txefzrf;qD;ESixwaejcif;ESihf jrefrmEdiiH
k kfH
f
f k f
kf
bufrS rdrEiiom;rsm;udvufrcH±r#ru &ufpufpmypfcwfI jyefvnfEixwaejcif;udk csucsi;f
d kd f H
k
kH
G
Sf k f
f
&yfqi;f =u&efvonf? ESpbufEiiw@kd taejzifh tjyeftvSef !‡Ei;f I em;vnfr&pmajz&Si;f =u&rnfh
kd
kd
f
kd f H
d d_
_ dS G
udp&yfomjzpfonf? toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf rv$ra&SmifomI vma&mufvyuiaeolrsm;
P
J
k f kd f
udk xdi;f EdiiuvufcI tvkyvyciay;oifonf? ay;cJonfrsm;vnf;&Sconf?
k kfH
H
f k f G hf
h
h
d hJ
8?
xdi;f EdiiEihf jrefrmEdiionf e,fpyfcsi;f &Snvsm;pGmqufpyfaeaom tdre;D csi;f Ediirsm;
k kfHS
kfH
f
f
kfH
jzpf±r#ru ud;k uG,onfbmomw&m;csi;f vnf;wln=D uonf? xd@k jyif &Snvsm;aomordi;f a=umif;
kH
f h
f
k
t& qufo,&if;ES;D r_&±r#ru Ediiom;wd@k .,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH wrf;rsm;rSmvnf; rsm;pGmwln=D u
G f
dS kH
kfH
ayonf? xdi;f ESihf jrefrmonf pdwaeoabmxm;/ ±kyqif;oGijf yifrsm;vnf; wln=D uolrsm;jzpfonf?
k
f
f
TuJo@kd aom ta=umif;tcsursm;udaxmufxm;I jrefrm'kuonftvkyorm; rsm;tay:
h
f
k
Q
f
pmemaxmufxm;I oufnmpGmudiw,&ef xdi;f Ediitpd;k &tm; arwWm&yfcwuwe;f vduonf?
‡
kf G f
k kfH
H kd f G k f
9?
jrefrmEdiippftpd;k &. tkycsKyfrEihf pDrcef@cr_ !Hzsi;f jcif;rsm;a=umifh jrefrm'kuonfrsm;
kfH
f _ S H JG h
Q
ESiywfoufI tdre;D csi;f Ediirsm;omru a'owGi;f wnf+idra&;udygxcuaeonfa=umifh jynf
hf
f
kfH
f
k d kd f
wGi;f a&;omr[kwawmhbJ a'ovH;k qdi&mjyemjzpfIaeayonf?
f
kf
10?
trSewu,f jrefrmEdiiEihf jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;twGuta&;}uD;onfrm ,ckuo@kd jrefrm
f
kfHS
f
S
hJ
301

302. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vlrsKd ;rsm; rsuEmi,fpmjzifh tjcm;Ediio@kd om;a&muftvkyvy&efrvdtyfaom tajctaersm;
fS
G
kfH
G
f kf
k
rdrEiiwi;f Y vuf&dS jzpfay:atmif óudyrf;&efjzpfonf? TtajctaersKd ;rsm;&&Sjd zpfay:Edi&ef
d kd f H G
kf
rSm jrefrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm; trSewu,fEihf tjrefq;kH &Svm&efvtyfay
k f H G kd
S
hf
f
S
d
kd
onf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDtjrefq;kH &&Sa&;onf wrsKd ;om;vH;k .wm0efjzpfayonf?
k f H G kd
d
od@k twGua=umifh jrefrmEdiioEiiom;wd@k onf 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm; jrefEior#
f
k f H l kd f H
kd
S
hf
kd f
tjrefq;kH &&S&eftwGuf rdrw@kd vufvr;f rD&m rdrw@kd vyEionfwm0efrsm;udk vufawGŒusus
d
d
S
d
k f kd f h
wm0efausyepmxrf;aqmif=u&efvtyfyga=umif; wduwe;f vduygonf?
GfG
kd
k f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wefaqmifre;vqef; (5) &uf?
S
kf
1999 ckEp/f Ed0ifbmv (12) &uf?
S k
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 65 (12§99)
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990jynfEp/f arvYusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pD
kd
h S
h
D Hk D dk
taxGaxGa&G;aumufywif a&G;aumufyqi&mOya'/ pnf;rsO;f / pnf;urf;rsm;ESitnD yg0if,Oòf yif
JG G
JG dk f
hf
S d
ta&G;cHconf? rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu ‚if;wk@d . vGwvyfaomoabmqENt&/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&
hJ
S
l l k
f
dk
pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;udk wcJeufqENray;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumuf
f
f
kd f
f
J
yGusi;f yay;onfh rJqENe,f (485) ae&mteuf trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu (392) ae&mwGif
J
dk
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&onf?
hJ
2?
Ttjcif;t&monf jrefrmEkiijH ynfojl ynfom;rsm;taeESifh 'Drua&pDtpd;k &udk rnfr#vdk
df
dk
csionfqEN&a=umif;/ &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm xkwazmfjyovkujf cif;jzpfonf? jrefrmod/ urBmod/
f h
dS
f
d
orki;f 0ifta=umif;t&myifjzpfonf?
d
302

303. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
3?
a&G;aumufyrwkirwif wyfrawmfumuG,a&;OD;pD;csKyfu “u|eawmfw@dk wyfrawmf
JG d f DS G
f
f
taeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw@dk &ŒJ 'Drua&pDyicit& vGwvyfr#wpGm a&G;cs,wif
d
kd
dk f G hf
f
f
ajrmufz@JG pnf;vkuwhJ tpd;k &tzGŒJ tpnf;ud/k Ekiiawmf&ŒJ tm%mudk vGajymif;ay;+y;D wmeJ@ u|eawmf
‡
d f
dfH
J
f
wk@d &ŒJ rlvwm0efjzpfwhJ EkiiawmfumuG,a&;eJ@ vkòH cHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; wm0efawGuom
dfH
f
kd
qufvufaqmif&uom;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfruwday;vkygw,f/” [k vnf;aumif; “æ wyfrawmf
G f G
H
d
taeeJ@uawmh a&G;aumufytwGuyJ uwday;xm;w,f æ” [kvnf;aumif; “æ tajccHOya'udk
JG
f
ta&G;cH&wJh ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;awGu/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awG!Ei;f +yD; vky=f u&r,fupP æ”
D
f
kd f
f
Sd d_
h d
[kvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmod/ urBmod orki;f 0ifajym=um;cJonf?
d
h
4?
od@k aomf ,ae@ wki;f jynftajctae/ tjzpftysursm;ud=k unfv#i/f wki;f jynftm%mudk
d
f
h
d
odr;f ,lxm;onfh ,cif (e0w) ,ck Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydif
dfH
k
wkd@onf rdrdtzGJŒuay;xm;cJhaomuwdu0wfrsm;udk rdrdudk,fwkdifyif cdsK;azmufaeayonf?
jrefrmtrsKd ;om;xk.&ifwi;f rS trdsK;om;a&;qki&mxifjrif,q,H=k unfcsuukd rav;rpm; zsuq;D
G
df
l
f
f
aeayonf? jrefrmtrdsK;om;wk@d . ,Ofaus;r_tpOftvmt&/ vlrqufqa&;e,fy,fwiajym+y;D
_
H
Gf
onfpum;rsm;udk vGepmwefz;kd xm;=uonf? omreft&yfo/l t&yfom;wd@k . vlra&;/ pD;yGm;a&;e,f
h
fG
_
y,fYyif ajympum;udomtajccHI qufqrð_ y=uonf? tvkyvy=f uonf?
k
H
f k
5?
,cktcgwif tm%mydirsm;taeESihf urBmEiitoD;oD;. a&G;aumufyqi&m Oya'/
G
kf
h dk f H
JG dk f
vkyx;Hk / vkyenf;/ tpOftvmrsm;udk qef@usirsuu,ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkiiH Ekiia&;ygwD
f
f
f f G
df dfH
rsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'ESifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' jyÏmef;csursm;udk qef@usiazguf
f Hk
f
JG
f
f
zsuIvnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;tESpom&udk rsuu,ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jynfojl ynfom;
f
f
f G
rsm;tm; Oya'jyÏmef;csursm;udk vkuemapmifpnf;aomtavhtusirsm; ysKd ;axmifay;jcif;
f
d f
h
hf
ponftajccHw&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk zsuq;D ypfIvnf;aumif;/ tm%mydirsm;uk,wif jynf
h
f
kf
d f dk
oljynfom;rsm;udk pHjyerlemtjzpf usL;vGejf yaeouJo@kd jzpfonf?
h
6?
tm%mydiw@dk onf rdrw@dk ðyvkyay;aoma&G;aumufy&v'fukd rdrw@kd u,wiyif jiif;y,f
kf
d
f
JG
d kd f dk f
azguzsuae±kr#ru a&G;aumufywitEki&aom trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuvnf; ysup;D
f f H
JG G f d f
kd
kd
f
atmif qk;d npfpm}uHpnftm;xkwaeonf? 1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufyonf wdi;f ðyjynfðyv$wf
G
f
hS
JG
k
awmfa&G;aumufyr[kwf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyjJG zpfa=umif; wm0ef&aomtm%mydiw@kd
JG
f
dS
kf
. a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrDuajymonfh uwdpum;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;
aumufyqi&mOya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; xif&m;+yD;jzpfonf? od@k ygvsuf a&G;aumufyonf zGŒJ
JG dk f
S
JG
pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qG&efomðyvkyaom a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf[k a&G;aumufy+JG yD;I
f Hk
J
f
tcsetwef=umrS vdrpOfaqmufI vdrnmajymqkvm=uonf? od@k aomf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'
df
f
f
d
H
303

304. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
twGujf yifqifaom trdsK;om;nDvmcHwif a&G;aumufc&aom/ jynfovxu a&G;aumufwif
G
H
l l k
ajr‡mufay;xm;aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tm;vk;H wufa&mufcir&&SbjJ zpfjyefonf?
f
kd f
f
G hf d
7?
xkr#ru ,cktcgwif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
d
G
dk
f
dk f
rsm;tm; t,Ht=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh w&m;r0ifonfh Oya'rJvy&yf
k
H
d
h k f
rsm;ukd qki&mtm%mydiw@dk u,wiyif OD;pD;+y;D ðyvkyae=uonf? Tonfrsm;ukd tm%mydiw@dk .
df
k f kd f dk f
f
kf
±kyjf rifo=H um;ESifh pme,fZif;rsm;wGif a&;om;azmfjyae=uonf? qifuef;awmwk;d / rsuuef;oap>
f
ra=umuf vky&yfrsm;jzpfa=umif; owdcsytyfonf?
f
f
8?
24-11-99 &ufae@u yJc;l wki;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;
d
0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;atmifp;kd jrifEihf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
f
kd f
hS
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;!$e@f a0wk@d tm; t,Ht=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
dk f
k
H
oufqi&ma'orsm;wGif vlwpk.t"rRatmf[pfyðJG yvkya=umif; =um;od&onf? pif ppftm;jzifh
dk f
f
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; Tod@k ðyvkyjf cif;onf &mZ0wfrxuaomvkyf
f
kd f
f
_ dk f
&yfrsm;jzpfonf? Tvky&yfrsm;udk oufqi&mtm%mydirsm;uOD;aqmifI ðyvkyonf[=k um;od&
f
dk f
kf
f
onf?
9?
Tvky&yfwif wufºupmyg0ifvyaqmif=uaom awmifiòl r@d e,f/ ajrmufa&=unfaus;
f G
GG
kf
&GmrS awmifol OD;tke;f jrifh qko/l uGse;f uke;f aus;&GmrS OD;xGe;f ckif qko/l òrŒd e,f ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
d
d d
D Hk D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;ausm0if; qko/l rk;d aumif;aus;&GmrS awmifol
JG
f
f
d
OD;cifarmif0if; qkdol/ yGwfpkaus;&GmrS OD;òyH;armifqkdol/ òrdŒe,fygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;aiGpef; qdoEiwuG ud,xvufa&muf OD;aqmif
JG
k l S hf
k f d
yg0if=uoltm;vk;H tm; Oya'wGif jyÏmef;csur&Sonfvy&yfrsm;udðk yvky+f yD;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;
f d h kf
udzsuq;D olrsm;/ &mZ0wfrxuaomtr_uusL;vGeorsm;jzpfa=umif; a=unmvkuonf?
k f
_ kd f
kd
f l
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f ewfawmfvqef; (7) &uf?
S
f
1999 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (14) &uf?
S
(trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
304

305. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 66 (12§99)
1?
rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,avmif;rsm;tm; wcJeufaxmufcqENray;I 1990 jynfEp/f ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
f
H J
hS
D Hk D kd
aumufyY a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;cJonf? ,ae@wif xky*Kd~ v}f u;D rsm;onf jynfovx. ppfref
JG
‡
h
G dk
l l k
S
+y;D w&m;0ifaeonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf &yfwnfvsu&=dS uonf? jynfo.
f
dk f
f
f
l
ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfonfa=umifh *k%oa&&Svonf?
k f
f
f
d S
2?
od@k aomf tqkyg*%oa&&Sd jynfo.ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk ppftm%mydirsm;u rw&m;/
d k f
l k f
f
kf
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rSm (15) v =umjrifae+yDjzpfonf?
h
‚if;jyif *k%oa&&Sd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; odrzsi;f vSonfenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifvnf;
f
f
kd f
f
f
h
h
odumcsaeonf? ppfpcef;toD;oD;&Sd ppfwef;vsm;rsm;Y zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;ukyif
Q
d
{nf&yomrsm;wGixm;&S+d yD; aqG;aEG;aeonf[k urBmod@k yifvrvnfIa=unmonf?
hdf
f
df
3?
aqG;aEG;jcif;onf aumif;rGeaomt"dyg,&onftm;avsmpm aqG;aEG;onf[aom
f
` f dS
f G
l
pum;udk nH@zsi;f ao;odrpm vk;H 0tok;H rðyoifay/ aqG;aEG;jcif; vk;H 0r[kwbJ jynfovx.
f G
h
f
l l k
ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfuay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;rS
k f
f
k f
f
S
vnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKytzGŒJ 0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;+cr;f ajcmufI E_wxuf
f
S
d
f G
ap&ef rw&m;wGe;f tm;ay;aejcif;omjzpfonf?
4?
&efuewi;f twGi;f &Sd ppfwyfpcef;wckwif rw&m;xde;f odr;f csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae=u&aom
k f dk
G
jynfovx. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; ppfaxmufvr;f a&;wyfzŒJG rS a&wyfaxmuf
l l k
f
kd f
f
S
vSr;f a&;trSwf (1) wyfr;ª Advr;ª aomif;ausm&e;f qkou 14-12-99 &ufae@wif pdwapwem
k f
f dS d l
G
f
vk;H 0 rygb/J tay:,Hoabmoufoufjzifom odvsuEiyif aexkipm;aomufa&;tp&Sonfrsm;/
h
f S hf
df
d
oifavsmr_ &S§r&Sd ar;jref;onf[=k um;od&onf? ud,pm;vS,rsm;u ,cktcg qefopfrsm;udpm;
h
f d
k f
f
k
ae=u&onfa=umifh 0rf;Aduraumif;a=umif; jyefIajym=uonf? ‚if;aemuf vuf&dS Ediia&;
k f
kfH
tajctaeudar;jref;ojzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u "rR"Ïmefusus t&Stajctae
k
f
kd f
f
d
d
udk t&Stwki;f jyefajymonf[o&onf?
d d
k d
(u) Ediia&;tusytwnf;jzpfaea=umif;/ od@k a=umifh pD;yGm;a&;tusytwnf;ESihf awGŒ
kfH
f
f
óuH&um/ vlra&;ygysup;D ae+yD; jynfovxk 'kutrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf &ifqiae&a=umif;/
_
f
l l
Q
dk f
rnfr#'ua&mufae&onfukd pm&if;aumuf,&efrvkbJ vlae&yfuursm;xJom;I
k Q
l
d
G f
G
=unhv#ioEia=umif;//
f f d dk f
(c) xk@d a=umifh jzpfay:aeaomEdiia&;jyemudk t"duOD;pm;ay;I ajz&Si;f ay;&efvdk
kfH
305

306. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a=umif;/ ajz&Si;f enf;rSm urBmay:wGienf;vrf;ESpcom&Sonf? wenf;rSm vufeuf
f
fk d
udienf;vrf;jzifajz&Si;f rnfvm;/ od@k r[kwf aemufwenf;rSm tEkenf;jzpfaom EdiiH
kf
h
kf
a&;jyemudk Ediia&;enf;jzifajz&Si;f rnfvm;wk@d jzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Drua&pDt
kfH
h
kd
zGŒJ csKyftaejzifh Ediia&;jyemrsm;udk tEkenf;jzpfaom Ediia&;enf;jzifom ajz
kfH
kfH
h
&Si;f oGm;rnf?
(*) EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;qkdonfrSm awGŒqkHaqG;aEG;a&;rStytjcm;r&Sday? odk@aomf
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&; ay:ayguvmEd;k ESihf apmifqi;f aeIrjzpfEia=umif;/ Ediia&;enf;
H
f
h dk
kd f
kfH
vrf;t& qufvufIavsmufvr;f &rnfjzpfa=umif;?
S
(C) vly*K~ vwOD;csi;f taeESirl ,ckvuf&tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ *k%oum
k d f
hf
dS
f d Q
t&vnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS Ekwxurnfr[kwa=umif;/ a=umufIvnf;aumif;/
f G f
f
tcGita&;&Ivnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftay:opPmazguom;olrsm;txJwif ‚if;
hf
f G
G
wk@d yg0ifrnfr[kwa=umif;?
f
5?
xko@dk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;uajym=um;onftcg ppfaxmufvr;f a&;
d
f
kd f
f
h
S
tzGŒJ rS Advr;ª aomif;ausm&e;f qkou ajym=um;onfrsm;rSm rSeuefoifavsmygonf? od@k aomf
k f
f dS d l
f
h
f
ppftm%mydiw@dk u aqG;aEG;vkaomfvnf; tzGŒJ csKyA[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ .rlrm TonfEiuJG
kf
d
f k
f
S
S hf
vGaeonf[k ppft&m&Sujyefajymonf? ‚if;jyif axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;uvnf; ppftm%mydiw@dk t
J
d
kf
ay: tpOfxywuawGŒaea=umif;ESihf ppftm%m&Siw@dk uvufrcHEionfrm taxGaxGtwGi;f
d f dk f
f
kd f
S
a&;rª;omjzpfa=umif;ajymqk+d y;D wbufEiwbufajym=um;jcif;udk ppft&m&Su pum;ajymqkjd cif;
S hf
d
ud&yfpvuonf?
k J dk f
6?
ppftm%m&Siw@dk onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd
f
kd f
rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&Sa&;twGuom ud,xrif;
kd
S
hf
d
f
k hf
ud,pm;/ ud,t0wfu,0wfEihf ,k=H unfcsutjynft0ESihf óud;yrf;aqmif&uaeonfrsm;udk
k f
k hf
kd f
S
f
h
G f
rodcsia,mif/ rjrifcsia,mifaqmifae=ujcif;jzpfonf? urBmay:wGif rnfonhEiiwir# Tr#
f
f
f kd f H G f
tepfemcHIðyvkyaom Ediia&;ygw[Ir&Sacs?
f
kfH
D l d
7?
*k%oa&&Sd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf ppft&m&Sw@dk ajym=uqk=d u&mY ud,f
f
f
kd f
f
d
k
pm;vS,rsm;uok;H oyfronfrm ‚if;wk@d ajympum;udk tay:,Hem;axmif+y;D tav;xm;jcif;r&Say?
f
d
S
d
A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ ESihf ud,pm;vS,rsm;aoG;cGa&;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf ud,pm;
k
f
k f
f
J
k f
vS,rsm;ESivnf;aumif;/ useA[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESivnf;aumif; aoG;cGa&;wk@d
f
hf
f k
f
hf
J
jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tm; z,f&m;aeonfrmvnf;xif&m;aeonf?
S
S
S
8//
rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f csKyaESmifcae&onfh tzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
H
f
f
dk f
rsm;tm; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh pdwa&mud,ygtaESmuft,Sujf zpfatmif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0if
f
k f
S
rsm;onf ðyusivyaqmifvsu&=dS uonf? 16-11-99 &ufae@u rauG;wki;f / acsmufòrdŒ&Sd ppf
hf k f
f
d
axmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rS t&mcHAvf aomif;vdif qdou acsmufòrdŒwGif rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH
S
kd
_ k l
xm;&onfh tzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,w@dk tm; jyefvway;rnf? od@k aomf &efueòf rŒd
f
f
kd f
f
$ f
k
306

307. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
od@k roGm;&/ &efueòf rdŒESihf tjcm;od@k om;ygu óudwifciawmif;+yD; cGi&rSom;&rnfqonfEihf 0efcH
k
G
G hf
hf
G
dk
S
csuwpkw&mvufrwa&;xk;d &rnfqygu vufrcHEia=umif; wdusjywfom;pGm jiif;qdvuf ojzifh
f H
S f
dk
kd f
k kd
‚if;wk@d ukd jyefvnfIv$wray;awmhyg?
f
9?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS csrwxm;onfrrsm;/ vrf;pOfrsm;udk ZG/J owW&&Eihf rdrd
kd
S f
h l
d dS dS S
ud,usKd ;pGe@f vwum/ rw&m;zrf;qD;/ xde;f odr;f cHxm;&jcif;onf wESpyifausmveae+yDjzpfaomf
k f
$ f
f
f Gf
vnf; +r+J rpm&yfwnfuipaeonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmftm;vk;H wd@k tm; av;euf
HG
kd f JG
f
kd f
f
pGm*k%,rwwrf;wifxm;a=umif; yGivif;pGma=unmvkuonf?
f lS f
hf
d f
10?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyftaeESifhrl EdkifiHa&;jyemrsm;udk ppftm%m&Sifwkd@u
rnfr#yif[ef@wm;ydwq@dk zsuq;D aeaomfvnf; Ekiia&;enf;jzifom wufwufºuGºuG vkv0D&,
f
f
dfH
h
H
d
pduxwI qufvufaqmif&uom;rnfukd oHEÏmefcsxm;+yD;jzpfonf? Tonfrm rdrwi;f
k f k f
G f G
dM
S
d dk
jynfwif 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;&&S&ef tzGŒJ csKyfpwifzŒJG pnf;onfae@rpI A[dtvkytr_
G kd
S
hf
d
h S
k
f
aqmiftzGŒJ . wpdurwfrwfcsrwxm;aom vrf;pOfjzpfayonf? w}udrwcgr# ajymif;vJjcif;r&S/d
k f
S f
f
ajymif;vJ&ef pdwu;l r#yifr&Sacs?
f
d
11?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifw@dk onfvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfrcsrwf
f
kd f
f
S S
xm;onfoabmxm;rlukd cdici+f rJ+rJpuixm;=uonf? A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ uwrsKd ;/ jynf
h
k f kd
JG kd f
k
f
olŒv$wu,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;uwrsKd ; [lI uGjJ ym;jcm;em;jcif; vk;H 0r&Say? ajym=um;
f kd f
f
d
aom ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u tzGŒJ csKyftay: remvkre;f xm; tmCmwjzifh uGtufapvkd
S
dk
J
onfa=umifom tremyajymqkaejcif;omjzpfayonf? ‚if;jyif awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;rðyvkyvonf
h
d
H
f dk
a=umifh trsKd ;rsKd ;aom t&nfr&/ tzwfr& pum;rsm;jzifh 1988 ckEprpwifI jzpfay:vmonfh
S f S
ordi;f a=umif;udyifcsI qifajcay;aejcif;jzpfonf? awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;qENr&Sojzifh vS;D vGaejcif;yif
k
k D
H
d
J
jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif tzGŒJ csKyzufrS awGŒqkaqG;aEG;a&;udpEiywfoufI wdwusus/ tcsutvufppHk
f
H
P S hf
d
f
Hk
ESihf ajymqkonftcg ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u a&Smifvom;=uonfuawGŒ&onf//
d h
S
J$ G
kd
12?
ppftm%m&Sirsm;onf wki;f jynfwijf zpfysuaeaomjyemrsm;udk urBmEiirsm;wGif
f
d
G
f
h kd f H
awGŒqkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f ae=uonfukd odyifojd im;aomfvnf; pdwqENv;Hk 0r&Sonfa=umihf
H
f
d
om awGŒqkaqG;aEG;jcif;udk r[kwrrSeaom qifajctrsKd ;rsKd ;ay;vdrvnf+yD; a&Smifvaejcif;jzpf
H
f f
f
JG
onf? Tod@k aom npfax;aqG;ajraeaomoabmxm;rsm;udk vk;H 0Okypfy,f&efvtyfayonf?
h
H
dk
ypfy,fvsuf r=umrDay:vmawmhrnfh &mpkEpopf/ axmifpEpopfrsm;udk aEG;axG;pGmóudqI pdwf
Sf
kSf
kd
aumif;pdwopfrsm;arG;jrL=u&ef av;eufpmwduwe;f vduonf?
f
G k f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f ewfawmfvjynfausmf (8) &uf?
S
h
1999 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (30) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
307

308. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 ( 1§00 )
1?
jynfovxu rdroabmqENt& vGwvyfIw&m;r#wonfqaom 1990 jynfEp/f
l l k
d
f
kd
h S
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;cJonfh ‚if;wd@k .ud,pm;
D kH D kd
JG G
h
k f
vS,awmf}uD;rsm;jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk ppftm%m&Siw@kd u rw&m;/
f
f
kd f
f
f
Oya'rJ/h xde;f odr;f / zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfrm wESpausmae+yDjzpfonf? rnfonfh w&m;Oya'
S
f
f
yk'rtm;usL;vGe=f uI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;a=umif;udk ,ae@txd ppftm%m&Siw@kd u vlo&if
f
f
d S
=um;/ w&m;0ifxwjf yefa=unmcJjh cif;r&Say? a=unmEdijf cif;vnf; ðyvkyEirnfr[kwacs? tb,f
k
d
k
f kd f
f
a=umifqaomf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf *k%oum&S=d uonfh vl}u;D vl aumif;rsm;
h kd
f
kd f
f
f d Q
jzpfaeonftwGujf zpfygonf? vdrvnfI nHzsi;f ,kwnaom a=unmcsujf zpfonfh “{nf&yom
h
f
h
f hH
hdf
rsm;wGixm;&SI aqG;aEG;aeonf” [kom a=unmEdicayonf?
f
d
k f hJ
2?
*k%oa&&Sd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk ppfwyfpcef;toD;oD;Y taetxdi/f
f
f
kd f
f
k
tpm;taomufrtp tppt&m&mcsKd ŒwJpm zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onf? ‚if;jyif “aqG;aEG;ae
S
h G
onf” qdonfrm ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyrvnf;aumif;/
k
S k f
f
S
kd
fS
E_wxuap&ef twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;/ ESypufaejcif;omjzpfonf? oufqi&myk*Kd~ vrsm;omru/
f G f
df
kd f
f
rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd ;om;csi;f awGuyg rw&m;/ twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;ae=uonf? tcsKd Œud,pm;vS,f
kd
k f
rsm;tm;rl “taysmenf;jzif/h vmbfvmbjzifjh rLqG,I” E_wxuapcdi;f onf? pD;yGm;a&;twGu/f
h
f
f G f k
vlra&;twGutqifajyatmif rnfo@kd rnfyaqmif&uay;rnf [laomE_wpum;rsm;omjzpf
_
f
kH
G f
f
onf? om"uwckrm jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tm; ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ rS Adv}f u;D
S
f
kd f
f
S
k
xGe;f ausmf qdou oGm;a&mufawGŒqHIjrLqG,jf cif;jzpfonf? ppftm%m&Sirsm;onf rnfonfh
k l
k
f
Oya'ESir# nD!wjf cif;r&Sonfvy&yfrsm;udk vkyaqmifaejcif;jzpf+y;D / tzGŒJ csKytzGŒJ 0iftrsm;pkonf
hf
G
d h kf
f
f
,H=k unfcsutjynft0jzif/h cH,csutjynft0jzifh rdrwi;f jynfwif 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;
f
h
l f
h
d kd
G kd
S hf
hf
rsm;&&Satmif óud;yrf;aqmif&uaejcif;jzpfonfukd ppftm%m&Sirsm;u rodusKd ;u|ðH yaeonf?
d
G f
f
308

309. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
3?
*k%oa&&Sjd ynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf rw&m;/ csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;jcif;cH
f
f
kd f
f
xm;&onf r S m umv=umjrif h v monf a =umif h v nf ; aumif ; / aexd k i f p m;aomuf a &;
!Hzsi;f onfa=umifvnf;aumif;/ use;f rma&;tajctaeraumif;Edi=f uay? ruse;f rmI vHavmuf
h
h
k
k
aomaq;0g;rsm;r&&Sd=u[kvnf;=um;od&onf? ‚if;jyif usef;rma&;tajctaeqdk;0g;vmv#if
zrf;qD;olrsm;u ,if;wd@k .wm0eft& aq;0g;ukoay;jcif;rðybJ jyefvway;avh&onfukd awG@jrif
$ f
dS
ae&onf? use;f rma&;tajctaeqd;k 0g;I touftE &m,fxcuvmrnftcseusrom jyef
W
d kd f
h d f S
v$way;jcif;jzpfonf? vH;k 0OHk apwemuif;rJ/h vlvcsi;f pmemjcif;uif;rJ=h uonf? odrzsi;f aom
f
l
f
vky&yfjzpfayonf?
f
4?
jynfovxu rdroabmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;cJaom jynfoŒl v$wawmf
l l k
d
‡
h
f
ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk tmCmwjzifh &efòid;xm;jcif;wckwnf;jzifom rw&m;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;
k f
f
h
a=umifh tjrefq;kH c|i;f csur&S/d tuef@towfr&Sd jyefvnfvway;&ef av;eufpmwduwe;f vduf
f
$ f
G k f G k
onf?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
kd f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f jymodvqef; (8) &uf?
S
k
2000 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&Dv (13) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonf aumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (1§00)
1?
ppfui;f wki;f / ueDòrdŒe,f/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr/ jynf
dk d
dk
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;cifarmifoef;ESihf trSwf (2) rJqENe,fajr/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
dk f
f
dk f
vS,f OD;oef@Zifw@dk tm; òrdŒe,f jynforsm;uqef@usiIraxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlwpk
l
f
H
d
atmf[pfyðJG yvky=f uonf[=k um;od&onf// xdo@kd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmf
k
dk
f
uk,pm;vS,rsm;tm; raxmufcawmha=umif; vlwpkukd tekiusivnzsm;qifac:I pk±;Hk atmf
d f
f
H
d f hf S hf
h
[pfjcif;ukd “trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef” [k aºuG;a=umfvsuaqmif&ucaom ueDòrdŒe,f òrdŒe,fat;
f
G f hJ
309

310. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpOuUÏ qko. aumufusppmvdrvnfppOfrudk ueDòrdŒe,f
D
d l
f G
f
D _
jynfow‹dk u &G&m/ rke;f wD;/ atmhEv;Hk em=unf;=ua=umif;=um;od&onf?
l
HS
S
2?
jzpfpOfrm 8-12-99 &ufae@wif ueDòrŒd e,f/ òrŒd e,ftm%mykiu pmxGuI Xmeqki&m
S
G
df
f
df
OD;pD;rsm;c&D;rxGu&efEihf c&D;vGeaeolrsm; tjrefq;Hk jyefvm&ef!e=f um;onf[o&onf? (9-12f S
f
$
k d
99) &ufae@u òrŒd e,ftpnf;ta0;ðyvky&m òrŒd e,ftm%mykif OuUÏ u “,ckuponf trsKd ;om;
f
d
dP
a&;udpjP zpfonftwGuf rvkyrae&vky=f u&ef” jzpfa=umif;ajym=um;+y;D (10-12-99) &ufae@wif
h
f
G
&yfaus;tm%mykitzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ }uh§zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ rD;owfwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/ =uufajceD wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/
df
H
&JwyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;/ tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;pk±kH;vsuf òrdŒe,ftwGif;&Sd aus;&Gm/ &yfuGufrsm;okd@
wtdrwufqif; acgi;f pOfa&;xm;jcif;r&Saom toif,vmonfpm&Gursm;udk vufrwtwif;
f
d
h l
h
f
S f
t=uyfa&;xk;d cki;f onf[o&onf? tcsKd Œu rnfonftwGuvufrwa&;xk;d &onfudk ar;jref;
d
k d
h
f
S f
aomtcg/ “,ae@ ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifptpk;d &. wHwm;aqmuf/
dfH
D
vrf;azguf ponfh wnfaqmufa&;vkyief;rsm;tay: oabm wl§rwl odvI vufrwa&;xk;d cki;f
f
kd
S f
d
&a=umif;/” }uH§zGŒH rsm;u ajymqkonf[o&onf? vufrwrxk;d olrsm;udk &Jpcef;ok@d ac:,l+yD;
›
d
k d
S f
csKyaESmifxm;onf[vnf;=um;od&onf? ueDwòrŒd vH;k (10-12-99) &ufae@rS (13-12-99) &uf
f
k
ae@txd vufrwa&;xd;k cki;f jcif;vkyief;udk t"rRw&m;rJci;f apcJonf[o&onf?
S f
d
f
h dk
h
k d
3?
(15-12-99)&ufae@wif ueDòrŒd e,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
G
f
kd f
vS,f OD;cifarmifoef;tm; raxmufcawmha=umif; qdonfukd wpfye;f (ac: ) wpfaygi;f tkypEihf
H
k
k
fkS
ql;avuke;f tkypw@kd wif ðyvkyonf[o&onf? ,if;ok@d Oya'udausmeif;I jypfrajrmufaom
fk
G
f
k d
k
f
_
vky&yfwif f
G
- obmywdqorsm;tjzpf kd l
(1) OD;em;armif (awmifo)
l
(2) OD;ys}H uD;
(3) OD;aumif;wif (ppfrxrf;a[mif;) - wd@k uaqmif&u+f yD;/
_
G
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm;tjzpf
k l
(1) a':at;=unf (ausmif;q&mr)
(2) a':cifO
(uHZbaus;&Gm ausmif;tkyq&mr)
D
f
- wd@k u aqmif&uonf?
G f
- t,Ht=unfr&Sraxmufcawmha=umif;tqkukd OD;oef;armif (awmifyv†i) aus;&GmrS
k
d
H
d
f
wif;oGi;f onf? tqkukd axmufcor&S[o&onf?
d
H l d k d
ql;avuke;f tkypwifk Gf
- obmywdqorsm;tjzpf
dk l
(1) OD;b=uL;
310

311. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
(2) OD;oGif
(3) OD;ºuG,f wd@k uaqmif&u+f yD;
G
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdorsm;tjzpf
k l
(1) rcifEŒJG
(2) raiGpef;jrihf - wd@k u aqmif&uonf?
G f
- t,Ht=unfr&Sraxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfukd OD;armifjrifrwif;oGi;f onf? axmuf
k
d
H
d
hS
cHorsm;r&S[o&onf?
l
d k d
4?
(15-12-99) wae@wnf;rSmyif ueDòrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,fajr jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
ud,pm;vS,f OD;oef@Ziftm; raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfukd ueDòrdŒay: tkypEihf acsmif;0&Gm
k f
H
d
f k S
tkypw@dk wif ðyvkyconf[o&onf? ,if;ok@d Oya'udausmeif;I jypfrajrmufaomvky&yfwifk G
f hJ
k d
k
f
_
f Gf
- obmywdqorsm;tjzpf
kd l
(1)OD;aomif (trSwf 2 &yfuu)
G f
(2) OD;0if;atmif ( trSwf 3 &yfuu)
G f
(3) OD;csKd }uD; (trSwf 1&yfuu)
G f
- wd@k u aqmif&u+f yD;/
G
- tcrf;tem;rª;qkorsm;tjzpfd l
(1) rtdr=f unfwif (aus;&Gm ausmif;q&mr˜ 0,m&Gm)
(2) olemðyq&mrwOD;
- wd‹k u aqmif&uonf?
G f
- t,Ht=unfr&Sd raxmufcawmha=umif;tqkukd OD;xGe;f vl (pduysKd ;a&; Xme0efxrf;)rS
k
H
d
k f
wifoi;f onf? axmufcoo;D jcm;r&S[o&&onf?
G
H l
d k d dS
5?
acsmif;r&Gmtkypwif obmywdqotjzpf - OD;ausmwifu aqmif&uI tcrf;tem;
fk G
kd l
f
G f
rª; qkorsm;tjzpf OD;pdez;kd (oif;0ifaus;&Gm) u aqmif&uonf? OD;at;armif (oif;0ifaus;&Gm)
d l
f
G f
rS raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonftqkwifoi;f onf? oD;jcm;axmufcor&S[o&&onf?
H
d h d
G
H l d k d dS
6?
xdae@u ueDòrd@e,fwe,fv;kH rS avSrsm;/ orRmefrsm;/ armfawmfrsm;/ armfawmfum;rsm;
k
tm;vH;k udacsmqGI/ aus;&Gmvlxukd (tvGeat;csr;f vSonfh umvwGi) twif;t"rR/ eHeuf(3)
k
J
k
f
f
em&Dcef@rpI tcrf;tem;ðyvkyonfh pk&yfrsm;od@k wufa&mufci;f cJonf[qonf? jynfovxukd
S
f
dk h
k dk
l l k
qifac:pOfu etz.wki;f usKd ;jynfðyaxmufc&ef[qum rvdrwywfvyI rwufrae& qifac:
h
d
H k kd
hf
kf
h
onf[o&onf?
k d
7?
pk&yfo@kd a&mufaomtcgrS ta=umif;pHo&aom jynfovxonf a'gotrsuxuf
k d
l l k
f G
v#uf vSnjhf yefom;olrsm;&Sonf? wcsKd Œvnf; pdw0ifpm;r_rjybJ/ v_y&m;r_r&Sd ikwwwxiae=u
G
d
f
fS
f k f dk f
onf[o&onf? wcsKd Œaus;&Gmrsm;rS rvdrwywfvyrnfta=umif;udk odojzifh vH;k 0rvma&muf
k d
hf
kf h
311

312. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
bJae=uonf[o&onf? rvma&mufonfaus;&Gmrsm;udk axmufvr;f a&;ESihf }ucia&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d wd;k
k d
h
S
hH dk f
wufa&;toif;rS w&Gmv#if usyaiGwaomif; '%f±uonf[o&onf?
f
dk f
k d
8?
tvm;wlyif ppfui;f wki;f / a&$bc±ki/f a&OD;òr@d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk d
kd d
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;oef;atmifaX;tm; t,Ht=unfr&Sd
f
kd f
k
raxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vufrwa&;xd;k xm;aom rSwwrf;qdonfrsm;ay;tyfyrsm;udk
H
d
S f
f
k
JG
r'kiyifaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f / tifawmaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f / a&OD;uke;f aus;&Gm ukeo,v,f
df
f G f
,m0if;/ wrmawmaus;&Gm jynfoŒl tm;upm;uGi;f Y a'ocHjynforsm;tm; +cdr;f ajcmuft=uyf
l
ukiI apcki;f cJonf[=k um;od&onf? jynfovxtm; ,if;uJo@dk t"rRci;f ap&mwGif yg0ifvyf
df
d h
l l k
h
dk
k
aqmifc=hJ uolrsm;onf Oya'udausmeif;xm;olrsm;jzpfonf?
k
f
9?
rauG;wki;f ewfarmufòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
d
dk
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;AkvaxG;tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
dk f
d f
k
H
qdonfh t"rRvy}f uHatmf[pfyukd vlwpk pk±;kH I tdiaumufaus;&Gmtkypwif usi;f ycJonf[k
k
k
JG
kf
f k G
h
od&onf? Tvky}f uHywif qENazmfxwonfqaom wGi;f }uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;cspwnf qkd
JG G
k f
kd
f
ol/ vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfonfqaom tdiaumufaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ref;
S f
f
k
kd
dk
kf
armif qko/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom ygwpa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGOuUÏ OD;xGe;f at;
d
f
H
kd
D kH
JG
f
J
qkow@kd EiwuG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufatmifyg0ifppOfcorsm;onf Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;
d l S hf
D hJ l
f
jzpf=uonf?
10?
rauG;wki;f / ewfarmufòrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$wawmf rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (2) rS w&m;0ifjynf
d
f
olŒv$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;atmifjrifoe;f tm; t,Ht=unfr&Sraxmufcawmha=umif; qkonfh
f
kd f
h d
k
d
H
d
t"rRvy}f uatmf[pfyukd vlwpkp±;kH I bef;uke;f aus;&Gmtkypwiusi;f ycJonf[o&&onf? vkyf
k H
JG
k
fk Gf
h
k d dS
}uywif qENazmfxwonfqaom uH}u;D uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;Akvxe;f qko/l vufrwa&;
H JG G
k f
kd
d f G d
S f
xk;d rSwwrf;qdonfukd ay;tyfonfqaom bef;uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f xkuf qko/l rSwf
f
k
kd
d
d
wrf;udvufcaom vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf jynfoŒl tiftm; OD;pD;XmerS òrŒd e,fO;D pD;rª; (òrŒd e,faumfr
k
H
&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if) OD;atmifpef qkow@dk EiwuG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufatmif yg0ifppOfcorsm;
f
d d l S hf
D hJ l
onf Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
f
11?
wzef uaygi;f uke;f }uD;aus;&Gmtkypwif ðyvkyaom vlwpkvy}f uHatmf[pfywif qEN
fk G
f
k
JG G
azmfxwonfqaom uaygi;f uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifp;dk qdo/l vufrwa&;xk;d rSwf
k f
dk
k
S f
wrf;ay;tyfonfqaom uaygi;f uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;pdevif qdo/l rSwwrf;vufconfqol
kd
f G k
f
H
kd
òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if/ òrŒd e,fw&m;ol}u;D OD;pd;k ode;f qkow@kd EiwuG Tvkyf
JG
f
d l S hf
}uHyjJG zpfajrmufa&;yg0ifppOforsm;onf Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
D
l
f
312

313. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
12?
rE av;wki;f / ausmufqnfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) . trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
W
d
dk
ud,pm;vS,f OD;ausm0if;tm;/ t,Ht=unfr&Sraxmufcawmha=umif;qkonfh vlwpk. vky}f uH
k f
f
k
d
H
d
zefw;D pk±;kH atmf[pfyukd òrdŒe,ftm%mykirsm;u t"rRci;f cJonf[o&onf?
JG
df
dk h
k d
anmifa&$aus;&GmY ðyvkyaomvky}f uywif qENazmfxwonfqaom OD;!Ge@f vif qko/l
f
H JG G
k f
dk
d_ d
vufrwa&;xd;k rSwf wrf;ay;tyfonfqaom OD;at;ode;f qdo/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrŒd
S f
kd
k
f
H
dk
e,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;0if;atmif qko/l
JG
d
rif;pkaus;&GmY ðyvkyaom vky}f uywif qENazmfxwonfqol OD;jrifukd qko/l vufrwf
f
H JG G
k f
kd
h
d
S
a&;xk;d rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom OD;jroef;/ rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyJG
f
kd
f
H
kd
aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;aZmfrif; qdow@kd EiwuG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifppOf
k l S hf
D
olrsm;onf Oya'ausmeif;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
f
13?
ppfui;f wki;f / t&mawmfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
dk d
dk
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;Avtm; tm%mykirsm;.cki;f apcsut& ref;usn;f
f
kd f
df
d
f
uefaus;&Gmtkyp/k u|e;f awmaus;&Gmtkyp/k aemifti}f uD;aus;&Gmtkyp/k 0g;awmraus;&Gmtkyp/k
f
f
dk
f
f
Oo#p}f uD;aus;&Gmtkypw@dk Y ðyvkyconf[=k um;od&onf?
fk
f hJ
14?
rusn;f wef;aus;&GmtkypY vlwpkvy}f uHatmf[pfywif qENazmfxwonfqaom
f k
k
JG G
k f
kd
rusn;f uefaus;&GmrS ukeonf OD;av;armifqo/l vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom
f
dk
S f
f
kd
OD;aomif;cspf qdo/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if
k
f
H
dk
JG
OD;bjrifqo?
h kd l
u|e;f awmaus;&Gmtkypw@kd Y ðyvkyaomvky}f uHywif qENazmfxwonfqol Oo#pf
f k
f
JG G
k f
kd
}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;jrifaqG qdo/l vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom awmifol
h
k
S f
f
kd
OD;jrifoef; qko/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif
h
d
f
H
kd
JG
f
qef;qdo?
k l
aemifti}f uD;aus;&GmtkypY vlwpkvy}f uHatmf[pfywif qENazmfxwonfqaom
dk
f k
k
JG G
k f
kd
aemifti}f u;D aus;&GmrS OD;ajyat;qko/l vufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom bHvufcwf
dk
d
S f
f
kd
k
aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;cspoe;f qdo/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif
f d k
f
H
kd
JG
tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifO;D vS=unf qdo?
k l
0g;awmraus;&Gmtkypk vky}f uatmf[pfywif qENazmfxwonfqaom 0g;awmr aus;
f
H
JG G
k f
dk
&GmrS t+idrpm; ausmif;q&m OD;aX;armif qdo/l vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom
f
k
S f
f
dk
a&,Haus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausmat; qdo/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaumf
k
f
k
f
H
dk
JG
r&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;ref;vSqo?
kd l
Oo#p}f u;D aus;&GmtkypY vlwpkvy}f uatmf[pfywif qENazmfxwonfqaom Oo#pf
fk
k H
JG G
k f
kd
}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;a&$0if; qdo/l vufrwa&;xk;d rSwwrf;ay;tyfonfqaom awmifol
k
S f
f
kd
313

314. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
OD;atmifoef; qko/l rSwwrf;vufconfqaom òrŒd e,faumfr&SitzGŒJ cGtzGŒJ 0if OD;atmifvS qdol
d
f
H
kd
f
J
k
wd@k EiwuG Tvky}f uHyJG jzpfajrmufa&;wGiyg0iforsm;onf Oya'udausmeif;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
S hf
f
l
k
f
15?
txufygtwki;f w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;udzsuq;D vsuf Oya'ausmeif;aom jypfrxuf
d
k f
f
_ dk
onfh r[kwrw&m;/ vky}f uHatmf[pfyrsm;wGif ud,wiu,us wufºuGpmyg0ifvyuiorsm;
f
JG
k f dk f dk f
G
k f dk f l
tm;vH;k onf jzpfay:vmrnftusKd ;qufukd wm0ef,&rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmvduonf? Oya'csKd ;
h
l
k f
azmufonfvy&yfrsm;wGif jynfovxtm; vdrnmvSnpm;toH;k csvsuf vGrm;pGm avhusioif
h kf
l l k
f
hf
JS
hf
=um;ay;aeonfh vky&yfrsm;udk jyif;xef;pGm±_wcsvuonf?
f
f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f jymokvjynfausmf (4)&uf?
S
d
h
2000 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&D (24)&uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 3 (1§00)
1?
xki;f Edii/H &mhcsb&c&SitwGi;f &Sd aq;±kw±ktm; vufeufuif tkypwpkjzpfaom (God's
d kf
f lD df
H H
kd
fk
Army) qdonhtyprS t=urf;zuf0ifa&mufp;eif;odr;yduconf[=k um;od&onf?
k f kfk
D
f k f hJ
2?
,if;od@k aq;±ktm; t=urf;zuf odr;f yduxm;+y;D aemuf ‚if;wd@k tvd&aom awmif;qkcsuf
H
k f
k dS
d
rsm; awmif;qkconf[vnf;=um;od&onf?
d hJ
k
3?
vufeufr/hJ a&m*ga0'emcHpm;ae&olrsm;/ tm;tifuecrf;cse@J aeolrsm;/ roefpr;f olrsm;
kf d
G
ponfh 'kuQa0'emcHpm;ae&olrsm;ESifh aq;0g;ukoay;aeaom q&m0efrsm;/ olemðyrsm;/
aq;0efxrf;rsm;om&Sonfh aq;±kw±kukd ,ckuo@kd t=urf;zuf0ifa&mufor;f ydujf cif;onf vk;H 0
d
H H
hJ
d k
vufcEip&mr&Say? xk@d tjyif aq;±kwif aq;ukojcif;cH&efwufa&mufae=uaom vlemrsm;tm;
H dk f
d
H G
"g;pmcHðyI rdrw@dk vtyfcsursm;udk t=uyfuiawmif;qkjd cif;udk vk;H 0vufcEip&mta=umif;
d
dk
f
kd f
H dk f
314

315. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
r&Say? xkjd yif aq;±kwif aq;ukojcif;cH&efwufa&mufae=uaomvlemrsmtm; "g;pm;cHðyI rdrw@kd
d
H G
d
vktyfcsursm;udk t=uyfuiawmif;qkjd cif;udk vk;H 0vufcEip&mta=umif;r&Say? Tt=urf;zuf
d
f
kd f
H kd f
d
vky&yftm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu ¹cGi;f csur&Sd jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
f
f
dk f
f
G
f dk f
4?
TuJo@kd aomta&;jyemonf oufqi&mEdiitwGuf udiw,ajz&Si;f &ef tvGef
h
dk f k f H
kf G f
cufceufea=umif;udk pmemaxmufxm;rdygonf? ,ckuo@kd aoG;xGuo,raygi;f rsm;pGmjzifh
J
J
hJ
f H kd _
ajz&Si;f vkua=umif;=um;od&ojzifh pdw±yaxG;pGmjzifh 0rf;enf;a=uuGb,&mjzpf&onf? aq;±kay:
d f
f_f
J G f
H
&Svemrsm;tm; wpkw&m xdcurr&Sa=umif; =um;od&ojzifh pdwoufom&m&&Sonf?
d l
H
kd f _ d
f
d
5?
,ckuo@kd a'owGi;f +idr;f csr;f a&;ESivòHk cHa&;udk xdcuysujf ym;apaomudp&yfrsm; rdrd
hJ
hf
dk f
P
EkdifiHukdta=umif;ðyIjzpfyGm;&jcif;onf vGefpGmrSyif wkdif;jynf.*k%foduQmusqif;apaom
ta=umif;udpjP zpfonf?
6?
od@k twGuf wki;f jynfY vuf&wm0ef,aeaom Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;
d
dS
l
kfH
a&;aumifptaejzifh TuJo@kd rvkvm;tyfaomjzpf&yfrsm;.Zpfjrpfukd tav;teufxm;I qif
D
h
d
jcifo;Hk oyftyfayonf?
7?
t=urf;zufronf ,cif befaumufòrŒd &Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk udk t=urf;zuf0ifa&mufp;D eif;r_Eihf
_
S
qkv#if ESp}f udrEpcg&ay+yD? Tod@k wki;f jynfEivrsKd ;tm;xdcuapaom t±kyq;kd vSonfh jzpf&yf
d
f S f dS
d
S hf l
dk f
f
rsm; xyfray:aygu&ef txl;wvnf*±kðy&efvtyfayonf?
f
dk
8?
Tae&mY urBmuvor*~rxwjf yefaom tjynfjynfqi&m vlŒtcGita&;a=unm
h k
S k
kd f
hf
pmwrf;}uD;. pum;csD;wGif a&;om;azmfjycsufrsm;udk *±kðytav;xm;xkdufayonf? azmfjy
a&;om;xm;onfrm S
“æ vl@tcGita&;rsm;udta&;rxm; rxDav;pm;ðyjcif;onf vlcyfor;f . tusioum
hf
k
d
hf d Q
udk csKd ;azguzsuq;D wwfonfh &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom tðytrlrsm;udk jzpfay:apcJaoma=umifh
f f
h
vnf;aumif;/ æ vlcyfor;f wk@d onf w&m;vufvwf ESypufuvlðyr_/ tkyp;kd r_Eihf zdp;D !SO;f yrf;r_w@kd ukd
d
G df
f S
aemufq;Hk rvGomra&Smifom vufeufpuiumawmfvejf cif;/ ykeuefjcif;rðyap&ef vlŒtcGihf
J
JG kd f
S
f
ta&;rsm;udk Oya'jzifxe;f odr;f umuG,ay;&rnfjzpfaoma=umifvnf;aumif;/ Ediitcsi;f csi;f
h d
f
h
kfH
cspcif&if;ES;D pGmqufqa&;udk ydrw;kd wufap&ef =uHaqmif&rnfjzpfaoma=umifvnf;aumif; æ”
f
H
k kd
h
[k tav;teuf a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf?
315

316. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
9?
txufyg vlŒtcGita&;a=unmpmwrf;t& Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/
hf
dfH
_
use;f rma&; tp&Sonfh jyemrsm;onf Ekiiawmftm%mudk odr;f yduxm;olrsm;tay:wGif
d
dfH
k f
vk;H 0wm0ef&aeayonf?
dS
10?
Tta&;udpPrsm;udkajz&Sif;ay;&ef tm%mudkodrf;ydkufxm;onfh EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;
om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpwiwm0ef&aea=umif;udk wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tygt0if jynf
D Gf
dS
k
olvxw&yfv;Hk rS oabmayguem;vnfoif+h yDjzpfayonf?
l k
f
11?
jynfwi;f wnf+idrat;csr;f r_r&Sjd cif;onf a'owckv;Hk . at;csr;f wnf+idrrudk xdcuf
G
f
f _
dk
onftxd tusKd ;oufa&mufr&Eia=umif;udowdðytyfonf?
_ dS dk f
k
12?
trSepifppftm;jzifh vlrsd K;pkjyemrsm;tygt0if wki;f jynfYjzpfay:aeaom Ekiia&;/
f
d
dfH
vlra&;/ pD;yGm;a&; ponfh taxGaxGjyemrsm;udk Ekiia&;enf;vrf;t& ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f
_
dfH
&rnfjzpfonf? Ediia&;wnf+idrap&ef Ediia&;t&ajz&Si;f jcif;rsm;udk urBmt&yf&yfY awGŒjrifae&
kfH
f
kfH
onf? txl;owdðy&rnfrm t=urf;zufronf t=urf;zufrrsm;udom arG;jrLay;aejcif;jzpfonf
S
_
_
k
[lonftcsuyifjzpfonf?
h
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f jymodvjy!fausmf (6) &uf?
S
k
h
2000 jy!fEp/f Zefe0g&Dv (26) &uf?
hS
( trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
316

317. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 4 (1§00)
(rSwcsuf ? ? 26/ 1/ 2000 &ufaeŒpGjJ zifxwjf yefaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðy
f
h k
f
kd f
aumfrwD. a-unmcsutrSwf = 3(1=00)ESihf yl;wGzwf±yg&ef)
f
J +
k
1?
xdi;f EdiiH &mcsb&c±dif aq;±H}k uD;tm; a*g@'tmrD ( God's Army) qdonfh vufeuf
k kf
f l D k
f
uditypu t=urf;zufor;f yduonfvy&yfrm vH;k 0vufrcHEionfvy&yfjzpfonf?
kf kfk
d k f h kf S
kd f h k f
2?
od@k aomf ,if;t=urf;zuftydip;D r_ukd xdi;f uGeref'rsm;. udiw,ajz&Si;f yHEiywfoufI
kf
k
f kd
kf G f
k S hf
=um;&onfowif;rsm;rSeuefcaomf tvGet±kyq;kd vSonf?
h
f hJ
f
f
3?
=um;&onfowif;rsm;t& aq;±Htydip;D olrsm;u vufeufcs+y;D rSom xdi;f uGeref'rsm;
h
k kf
k
f kd
u zrf;qD;wkwaESmif+yD;xdici;f um wOD;csi;f udypfowfypfonf[=k um;od&onf?
f
k f kd
k
4?
t=urf;zufolrsm;u vufeufcstzrf;cH=u+yD;aemufrSom xdkif;uGefref'dkrsm;u w
a,mufcsi;f ypfowfonfqaomowif;onf aq;±Hwif "g;pmcHtjzpf tzrf;cHaecJ=h u&olrsm;xH
kd
k G
rS ay:xGuvmaom rsujf rifem;=um;owif;rsm;jzpfonf[vnf;=um;&onf?
f
k
5?
tcif;jzpfym;&m aq;±H}k uD;w0duo@kd a&muf&aeaom owif;orm;yk*Kd~ vfrsm;todi;f
G
k f
dS
k
t0di;f rSay:xGuvmaomowif;rSm aoewforsm;onf tjyeftvSeypfcwfaomtoHrsKd ;r[kwf
k
f
H
f
a=umif;/ wzufwnf;uypfaom aoewfoomjzpfa=umif; t&Sizrf;rdorsm;tm; teD;uyfypfowf
H
f
l
aomaoewforsKd ;omjzpfa=umif;/ ±kytavmif;rsm;.rsuEmudk rjrifawGŒ&a=umif;/±kyf tavmif;
H
f
fS
rsm;. aoG;xGuaeaomae&mtm;vH;k onf OD;acgi;f ydi;f rsm;wGiomjzpfa=umif; ponfowif;rsm;
f
k
f
h
vnf;xGuay:vmonf? aq;±Hay: &Sd vlemrsm;ESi"g;pmcHrsm;tm;vH;k / vH;k 0xdcu'%f&m&ao
f
k
hf
kd f
qH;k jcif;r&Sjd cif;u Towif;rsm;rSeuefa=umif;udk twnfðyay;ouJo@kd jzpf&onf?
f
h
6?
Towif;rsm;rSeuefygv#if xdi;f uGeref'rsm;. Tt=urf;zufrj_ yemtm; udif
f
k
f kd
k
wG,ajz&Si;f yHonf rvdtyfbJ tiftm;tvGetu|o;kH jcif;jzpfonf[,qonf? jyefveccH ypfcwf
f
k
k
f H
k l
Sfk
r_rvkybJ vufeufcsorsm;tm; csnwwum aoG;at;at;jzifh wa,mufcsi;f ypfowfjcif;rSm
f
l
f k f
vGepmyif&ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaomvky&yfjzpfonf?
fG
f
317

318. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
7?
*seAmuGeAif;&Si;f t&vnf; vufeufcs+y;D oltm; &efoyifjzpfapumrl owfyicir&Say?
DD
f
l
kd f G hf d
w&m;Oya't&omv#if ta&;,laqmif&u&rnfjzpfonf? w&m;Oya't& xduwefaom jypf
G f
k f
'%fonf rnfr#yif}uD;av;onfjzpfaprSeuefayonf?
f
8?
xd@k a=umifh aemiftcgwif tvm;wljzpf&yfrsKd ;rsm;rjzpfay:ap&ef Tod@k aqmif&uvu&
G
G f kd f
onfqonfh xdi;f tpd;k &ajyma&;qdci&o. ajymqdcsuonf oabmwlvufcEip&mta=umif;
kd
k
k G hf dS l
k f
H kd f
r&Sday?
9?
Tod@k &efu&efcsi;f tiftm;toH;k ðyI ESreif;jcif;rsm;onf jyemtm; ajyvnfom;
kd
df
G
&ef rnfo@kd r# rvkyEiay? om"uaygi;f rsm;pGmyif&onf? ta&SŒtv,fyi;f jyemrsm;/ udqAkd
f kd f
dS
kd
k kd
jyemrsm;onf +yD;jywfjcif;r&SbJ qufvuf jzpfym;aeonfukd oifcef;pm,lEiayonf?
d
G
kd f
10?
befaumufòrdŒ&Sd jrefrmoH±;kH Y tvm;wljzpfym;cJpOfu aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifom at;
G h
h
at;csr;f csr;f +yD;qH;k oGm;cJonf? xdpOfu xdi;f Ediitpd;k &. aoG;xGuo,r&SapbJ ajz&Si;f cJyukd
h
k
k kfH
f H kd d
h kH
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDucs;D usK;cJ&onf?
f
kd f
h
11?
od@k twGuf aq;±Htydip;D r_EiywfoufI xdi;f uGeref'rsm;. w&m;vufvwajz&Si;f
k k f S hf
k
f kd
G f
r_rsm;onf =um;&onfhtwdkif;rSefuefcJhonf&Sdaomf jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
±_wcsvuonf?
f kd f
12?
xd@k tjyif Taq;±Hk t=urf;zuftydip;D r_ukd udiw,ajz&Si;f yHEiywfoufI xdi;f tpd;k &
kf
kf G f
k S hf
k
taejzifh w&m;ojzifh rSereuefuefjzpfap&ef pHprf;ppfaq;ta&;,lum urBmodatmifaqmif&uf
fSf
k
G
ay;vdr@f rnf[k jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuar#mvifonf?
f
kd f
f h
13?
aq;±Hukd t=urf;zufjcif;ta=umif;ESiywfoufI Zpfjrpfukd tav;teufxm;qifjcif
k
hf
oH;k oyf=u&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu wduwe;f vduonf?
f
kd f
k f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f jymodvjynfausmf (7) &uf?
S
k
h
2000 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&Dv (27) &uf?
hS
( trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
318

319. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuf trSwf 5 (2§00)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUX u 4/ 2/ 2000 aeŒpGjJ zifh Ediiawmfat;csr;om,ma&;ESihf
kd
kfH
f
zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpOuUX xHoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfpmudk odom&efjzefŒa0vduonf?
D
h
k f
(p)“ ta=umif;t&m?
? jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm;. use;f rma&;tajctae?
f
k f
f
1?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uaom rauG;
kd
f
kd f
f
wdi;f / a&eHacsmif;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS OD;cifausm[ef ESi/hf òrŒd opfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf
k
f
(1) rS OD;omatmifw@kd tm; rauG;òrdŒ/ trSwf (15)/ axmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ atmuf&dS xde;f odr;f a&;
S
pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfrm (1) ESpf ESihf (6) vcef@ &S+d yjD zpfygonf? xdy*Kd~ vrsm;. use;f rm
S
kk f
a&;tajctaerSm usqif;,d,i;f v#u&onf[=k um;od&ygonf?
k G
f dS
2?
xde;f odr;f xm;aompcef;Y use;f rma&;ðypkapmifa&Smufrrm vHavmufrr&SbJ (5) v
h
_ S k
_ d
(6) vcef@=umrSomv#if w}urvma&mufI use;f rma&;aq;ppfrð_ yvkyonf[o&&ygonf? 15df
f
k d dS
12-99 &ufae@u v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;cifausm[ef. tay:oGm;ESpacsmif; ðywfxu&m
f
kd f
f
f
G f
oGm;wkjyefpuvojzifh u|r;f usioom;bufqi&mq&m0eftm; axmufvr;f a&;wyfzŒJG rS wqifh
kd f kd
f l G
kd f
S
jyocJonf? oufqi&mq&m0efu oGm;wkjyefpu&efvtyfa=umif; ajym=um;onf[o&&ygonf?
h
kd f
kd f kd
k d dS
od@k twGuf oufqi&maxmufvr;f a&;wyfq,r;ª wyf=uyf}uD;od@k ta=umif;=um;cJ&m wm0efcH
kd f
S
G f
h
Adv}f u;D jzpfou aq;0g;ukor_ ukeusp&dwaiG 1000d§- usyxufyv#if um,uH&irS xuf0ufus
k
l
f
f
f
kd
Sf
cHygu aq;cef;od@k oGm;a&mufjyoay;rnf[ajyma=umif;od&&ygonf? od@k aomf ,ae@txd ouf
k
dS
qdi&mq&m0efxo@kd oGm;a&mufjyo&jcif;r&Sao;yg?
kf
H
d
319

320. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
3?
27-12-99 &ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;omatmif onf acgi;f rl;
G
f
kd f
a0'emcHpm;ae&ojzifh oufqi&maxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ u aq;cef;od@k yd@k ay;cJ&m/ q&m0efu aoG;
kd f
S
h
wd;k a&m*gjzpfaea=umif;awGŒ&S&ojzifh aq;ay;vduonf[k od&&ygonf? od@k aomf a&m*groufom
d
k f
dS
ao;ojzifaemuf&ufrsm;wGif aq;cef;od@k qufvufom;a&mufjyovda=umif;ajym=um;&m pcef;
h
G
k
wm0efcu rtm;aoma=umifh vduryd@k Eia=umif;ajym=um;onf[o&&ygonf? ‚if;wd@k tm;vyf
H
k f kd f
k d dS
rSomvduy@kd ojzifh 29-12-99 &ufae@rS 11-1-2000 &ufae@txd (3) }urom aq;cef;od@k y@kd ay;
k f
df
onf[o&&ygonf?
k d dS
4?
xduo@kd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; xde;f odr;f
k hJ
kd
f
kd f
f
cHxm;&pOftwGif; usef;rma&;ESifhywfoufI wm0efausoabmavmufomaqmif&Gufay;
aea=umif;od&&ef ta=umif;=um;ygonf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
dS
f
kd f
vS,rsm;. use;f rma&;ESiywfoufI zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;olrsm;Yom vH;k 0wm0ef&ygonf?
f
hf
dS
xdy*Kd~ vfrsm;.use;f rma&;xdcura=umifh tusKd ;qufrsm;jzpfay:vmygu zrf;qD;xm;olw@kd Yom
kk
kd f _
wm0ef&a=umif; ta=umif;=um;ygonf?” (qH;k )
dS
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wydwvqef; (3) &uf?
S
k JG
2000 jynfEp/f azaz:0g&Dv (7) &uf?
hS
( trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
320

321. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
(53)ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae‹a-unmcsuf
a-unmcsuftrSwf 6 (2§00)
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiionf wygwtm%m&Sipepf. pd;k rd;k jc,fv,ra=umifh Ekiia&;/
dfH
D
f
S f _
dfH
pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;e,fy,frsm;wGif wppc|wòf cHus+yD; urBmwGif zGŒH òzd;r_tenf;qH;k EdiiH
_
kf
wEdiitjzpfo@kd usqif;cJ&ayonf? xd@k a=umifh 1988 ckEpwif vlxtºkH ur}_ u;D jzpfay:v#uf 'Dru
kfH
h
Sf G
k
G
kd
a&pDtcGita&;rsm;udawmif;qdc=hJ uonf? od@k &mwGif wyfrawmfryif qufvufItm%mudk
hf
k
k
S
odr;f ,l+yD; ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyuusi;f yay;cJaomfvnf; a&G;aumufy.&v'f
D kH D kd
JG kd
h
JG
udum; taumiftxnfaz:ay;jcif;r&Scacs? xdenf;wlpm jynfoŒl v$wawmf ay:aygua&;twGuf
k
d hJ
k
G
f
f
awmif;qdók u;d yrf;r_reor#uvnf; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh [ef@wm;aESmif,uv#u&ayonf? Tod@k jzifh
Sf
kd
h S f
f dS
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. vuf&tajctaersm;rSm Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;ESihf EkiiH
kfH
dS
dfH
_
df
wumqufqa&;e,fy,frsm;wGif t=uyftwnf;rsm; qufvufIjzpfay:v#u&onf? T t=uyf
H
f dS
twnf;rsm;onf a&Smifwcifay:ayguvmaom t=uyftwnf;rsm;r[kway? taxGaxGEiia&;
f
f
kd f H
rajyvnfrtay:tajccHI ay:ayguvmaom t=uyftwnf;rsm;omjzpfayonf?
_
f
Ekiia&;rajyvnfrq&mYvnf; vuf&tm%mydirsm;onf vufiif;ajz&Si;f &efvtyfae
dfH
_ kd
dS
kf
kd
aomjyemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ir&Edkifatmif [ef@wm;aESmifh,Sufv#uf&Sdonfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pD
tcGita&;rsm;udvnf; ydwyifwm;qD;v#u&onf? xd@k a=umifh vufiif;óuawGŒae&aom t=uyf
hf
k
f
f dS
H
twnf;/ tcuftcJrsm;udk trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifajz&Si;f vdygu vuf&tm%mydirsm;onf 'Dru
h
k
dS
kf
kd
a&pDtcGita&;rsm;udk av;pm;vduem&efvayonf? 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;qd&mYvnf; jynf
hf
k f
kd
kd
hf
k
olw@dk . tajccHvwvyfcirsm;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfow@kd xrS qif;ouf &rnf[l
G f
G hf
l
H
aom tajccHw&m;rsm;udk txl;av;pm;vduem&efvtyfonf?
k f
kd
1990 jynfh a&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf vGwvyfI w&m;r#w+y;D / jynfow@kd . qENtppftrSeukd
f
l
f
az: jycJonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufy}JG uD;jzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfow@kd .qENukd av;
h
f
l
pm;aomtm;jzifvnf;aumif;/ tm%monf jynfovxxrqif;ouf&rnf[aom 'Drua&pD
h
l l k HS
l
kd
tjccHw&m;rsm;udk av;pm;vduemaomtm;jzifvnf;aumif; jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lusi;f y
k f
h
f
321

322. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ay;&rnfjzpfayonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfYom trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk OD;wnfonf/h trsKd ;
f
G f
om;a&;jyemrsm;udajz&Si;f Edirnfh vkyief;pOfrsm;udk csrw&ayrnf? Tvkyief;pOfrsm;t& ydrkd
k
kf
f
S f
f
k
us,jf yef@I 'Drua&pDusaom nDvmcHw&yfuvnf;usi;f yay;&rnf? xdnvmcHY aqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f
kd
kd
k D
d d_
v#uf &&SaomtajccHrrsm;udcsrwum ppfreaomjynfaxmifpuwnfaqmufjcif;tm;jzifh wdi;f
d
l
k S f
Sf
k kd
k
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jyemudk ajz&Si;f =u&ayrnf?
od@k &mwGif Tvkyief;pOfrsm; qufvuftaumiftxnfaz:a&;twGuf óu;d yrf;r_reor#ukd
f
Sf
Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ § Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD
kfH
df
kfH
tm%mydirsm;onf enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh tpGr;f ukef [ef@wm;aESmif,uv#u&onf? txl;ojzifh
kf
h S f
f dS
wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;udzsuor;f jcif;jzifh wdi;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;t&Set[keukd &yfwef@
k
D
k f d
k
d f
f
ap&ef óud;yrf;cJonf? od@k &mwGif 1990 a&G;aumufywif rdrw‹kd trsKd ;om;jynforsm;. wcJeuf
h
JG G d
l
aom qENrjJ zifh axmufcru&&Sc=hJ uaom wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;onf tm%mydirsm;u rnfo@kd yif
H _ kd d
k
D
kf
zsuor;f onfjzpfap rdrw@kd .trsKd ;om;a&;ESiwuG wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf tem*wfwif
f d
d
hf
k
G
ppfreaomjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;twGuf qufvufóud;yrf;cJ=h uayonf?
Sf
wdi&if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf 1988 ta&;awmfy}kH uD;aemufyi;f wGif rdrw@kd .trsKd ;
kf
kd
d
om;a&;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf tem*wfwif ppfreaomjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;
k
G
S f
twGuf oufqi&mjynfe,frsm;ESihf a'orsm;udtajccHv#uf Ediia&;ygwrsm;udk wnfaxmifc=hJ u
kd f
k
kfH
D
onf? 1990 jynfEpwiusi;f yaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif 0ifa&muf
h S f Gf
D kH D kd
,SOòf yic=hJ u&m &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (23)ae&mudk
df
k
kd
f
kd f
&&Sconf? &Sr;f jynfovxk trsm;pkaxmufcru&&Scayonf? &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonfvnf;
d hJ
l l
H _ kd d hJ
k f D kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfupm;vS,f (11) ae&mudk &&Sc+hJ yD; tEkir&cJaomrJqENe,frsm;wGivnf; &cdif
f
kd
d
df h
f
k
trsKd ;om;rsm;. qENrtrsm;tjym;jzifh axmufcrujkd yocJ=h uay&m &cditrsKd ;om;jynfotrsm;
J
H_
kf
l
pkaxmufcrukd &&Sca=umif; oH;k oyfawGŒ&SEionf? xdenf;wlpm rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ onf
H_
d hJ
d kd f
k
G f
kd
(5)ae&m/ csi;f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf (3) ae&m/ Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufonf (2)
kd
k
f
ae&mESihf tjcm;wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;onfvnf; rdrw@kd .trsKd ;om;jynforsm;. axmufcrtoD;
k
D
d
l
H_
oD;ud&&Sc=hJ uay&m 1990 a&G;aumufyY wdi;f &if;om;ygwtoD;oD;wd@k onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
k d
JG k
D
f
kd
pm;vS,f pkpaygi;f (67) ae&mud&&Sc=hJ uonf? ‚if;wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;teuf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;
k
k d
k
D
k
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf a&G;aumufywif 'kw,trsm;qH;k &&SonfygwjD zpf+yD; &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ
kd
JG G
d
d h
k f D kd
csKyf onfvnf; wwd,trsm;qH;k &&Sconfh ygwjD zpfayonf? Ttcsuu=kd unfv#if oufqi&m
d hJ
f
h
kd f
ygwrsm;ESihf ud,pm;vS,rsm;onf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ud,pm;vS,tppftrSef rsm;jzpf=u
D
k f
f
k
k f
f
onfrmxif&m;onf? xd@k tjyif typftcwf&yfpxm;aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;
S
S
J
k
onf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;vnf;jzpf=uay&m wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.ygwrsm;
k
k
D
ESihf typftcwf&yfpxm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jyemudk yl;aygi;f ajz
J
k
&Si;f &rnfjzpfayonf?
od@k &mwGif Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
kfH
df
kfH
zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydirsm;onf rdrw@kd Eihf oufqi&m trsKd ;om;rsm;.axmufcrukd &&Sc=hJ u
kf
d S
kd f
H_
d
322

323. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
aom wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;udk &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f &Sr;f jynf ud;k uef@'ru&ufwpf
k
D
k
kd
D kd
ygw/D (0) trsKd ;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D òrd(ac: )crD trsKd ;om;nD!wa&;tzGŒJ / jynfaxmifpk
G f
u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf rsm;rSty usewi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;tm;vH;k udk zsuor;f cJonf? rnf
f kd
D
f d h
od@k yif zsuor;f apumrl wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;onf rdrtrsKd ;om;rsm;.axmufcrEihf jynfow@kd .
f d
k
D
d
H_S
l
qENt&ay;tyfvuaom trsKd ;om;a&;wm0efrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&u&ef twGuf
kd f
G f
qufvuf&yfwnfc=hJ uonf? ‚if;tjyif rdrw@kd . trsKd ;om;a&;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf
d
k
tem*wfwif ppfreaomjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;twGuf qufvufaqmif&ujf cif;jzifh wki;f
G
Sf
G
d
&if;om;r[mrdwf (4) ygwtjzpf tcditrm&yfwnfc=hJ uayonf?
D
kf
‚if; (4) ygwonf 1990 a&G;aumufywif &Srwi;f &if;om; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf jynfoŒl
D
JG G f kd
kd
f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f (23) ae&m/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf (11) ae&m/ rGetrsKd ;om; 'Dru
f
kd f
k f D kd
f
kd
a&pDtzGŒJ onf (5) ae&m/ Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufonf (2) ae&m toD;oD; &&Sc=hJ u+yD; pkpaygi;f
k
f
d
k
jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f (41) ae&mudk &&Sxm;a=umif;awGŒEdionf? wdi;f &if;om; (4)
$ f
kd f
d
kf
k
ygwD r[mrdwtzGŒJ ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd onf vufiif;&ifqióf uHawGŒae&maom
f
kd
kd
jyemrsm;ajz&Sif;Edkifa&;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfay:aygufa&;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;jyem
ajz&Si;f a&;wd@k twGuf t}udr}f udrawGŒqHaqG;aEG;cJ=h u+yD; 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
f
k
kd
k
jyemajz&Si;f a&;twGuf tjyeftvSeem;vnfrEihf tajccHoabmwlnrrsm;vnf;&&Sc=hJ u
f
_ S
D _
d
onf? ‚if;tjyif jynfoŒl v$wawmf ay:aygua&;twGuvnf; yl;aygi;f aqmif&uc=hJ uonf?
f
f
f
G f
od@k &mwGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;twGuf óud;yrf;r_reor#ukd enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh [ef@wm;
f
f
S f
aESmuf,Sufjcif;cHcJh&onf? Todk@ [ef@wm;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;a=umifh jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yf
ay:ayguvmEdijf cif;r&Saoma=umifh wdi;f &if;om;ygwD (4) ygw.ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;
f
k
d
k
D k f
f
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd yl;aygi;f +yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd tcditrmzGŒJ pnf;cJ&
kd
f
kd f
kf
h
ayonf? Tod@k atmifjrifpmyl;aygi;f aqmif&ujf cif;onf rdrwi;f jynfvwvyfa&;&&S+d yD;onfh
G
G
d kd
G f
aemufwif yxrqH;k t}urf ay:aygucjhJ cif;jzpfonf? Tonfrm ordi;f .xl;jcm;csuw&yfjzpfonfh
G
d
f
S
k
f
tjyif tem*wfwif wdi;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;ESihf ppfreaomjynfaxmifp}k uD;udk zGŒJ pnf;
G k
S f
a&;twGuaqmif&u&ef tcGita&;rsm;udvnf;ay:ayguapcJygonf? xd@k a=umifh f
G f
hf
k
f h
1? jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;/
f
f
2? trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;ESihf trsKd ;om;jyemajz&Si;f a&;twGuf vkyief;pOf
G f
f
rsm;csrwa&;/
S f
3? 'Drua&pDus+yD; ydrus,jf yef@aomnDvmcHw&yfY aqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f +yD; tajccHrrsm;
kd
k kd
d d_
l
csrwa&;/
S f
4? xdtajccHrrsm;t& ppfreaomjynfaxmifpukd zGŒJ pnf;a&;/
k
l
S f
k
ponfh vkyief;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmifjcif;jzifh 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;/ wdi;f
f
kd
G
k
&if;om;rsm;jyemajz&Si;f a&;ESihf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udvnf; wnfaqmufEirnf
G f
k
dk f
jzpfayonf? od@k &mwGif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,m
kfH
f
dfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifptm%mydirsm;onf wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;udzsuor;f jcif;/ wdi;f &if;om;
D
kf
k
D
k f d
k
323

324. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;jzifh [ef@wm;aESmif,uv#uf
kd
h S f
&Sonf? TuJo@kd wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;ESihf ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk zsuor;f / zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;+y;D
d
h
k
D
k f
f
f d
tjcm;wbufwif rdrw@kd pwóf uuf ud,pm;vS,rsm;/ vufnKd‡ ;axmifacgi;f ndw+f y;D tm%mydiw@kd .
G d d d
k f
f
kf
pdwwi;f us ajymcdi;f or#ajymrnfy*Kd~ vfrsm;jzifh yHpcsaqmif&ujf cif;rsm;onf trsKd ;om;jyemudk
f kd
k
hk
kH
G
ajz&Si;f &mra&mufbJ temaqG;wGif aoG;yky/f jynfyyrsm;jzifòh rHae+yD; twGi;f udk v_upm;Ekiaom
k f
d f df
tema[mif;}uD;toGiuomjzpfay:apygonf?
f kd
xdenf;wlpm wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpEiconf
k
G k
kd f
J kd f hJ
qdaomfvnf; xdtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. trsKd ;om;a&;jyemrsm;ESiywfoufI Ediia&;t&ajz&Si;f &ef
k
k
hf
kfH
awmif;qdrrsm;udvnf; ,ae@wiajz&Si;f ay;jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/ ajz&Si;f &efóud;yrf;tm;xkwr_
k_
k
kd f
f
aomfvnf;aumif;rawGŒ&ay? tcsKd ŒtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpconfrm (10) ESpausmchJ
J hJ
S
f
f
+yjD zpfonf? wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf; toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rdrw@kd . trsKd ;om;a&;ESihf
k
kd f
d
wuG wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;udajz&Si;f ay;rnfh tcsetcg/ tajctaew&yfukd apmifqi;f ae
k
k
df
h kd
=uayonf? Ttajctaersm;onf tcsetcgra&G; tvSntajymif;wckukd jzpfay:apEdiygonf?
df
hf
kf
txl;ojzifh wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESiywfoufI e,fcsorm;wd@k . aoG;cGtycsKyjf cif;
d
hf
J
J kf
a=umifh wdi;f &if;om;nDtpfutcsi;f csi;f pdw0rf;uGjJ ym;cJ=h u&onf[q.? ,ae@acwfumv
k
kd
f
k kd
wGium; e,fcsŒJ orm;rsm;xufyifq;kd 0g;pGmaoG;cGrrsm;udk awGŒjrifae&ayonf? wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
f
J_
k
rsm;udk ud,pm;ðyonfh Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuo@kd aom ygwrsm;.
k f
kfH
D
kd
hJ
D
awG@qaqG;aEG; yl;aygi;f aqmif&urrsm;udvnf;aumif;/ wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;
kH
G f_
k
k
kfH
D
k
om;vufeufuif typftcwf&yfpxm;aom tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf awGŒqHaqG;aEG;r_rsm;udvnf;
kd
J
k
k
aumif; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;rS Ediia&;ygwEihf vufeufuitypftcwf&yfpxm;aom
k
kfH
DS
kd f
J
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;t=um;wGivnf;aumif;/ vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;rS ud;k uG,rrwlnjD cif;udk tcGiaumif;
f
f_
hf
,lIvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;rsKd ;aoG;cGoyfv#Krrsm;ðyvkyv#u&onf? TuJo@kd aoG;cGoyfv#Krrsm;onf
J
d_
f f dS
h
J
d_
tem*wf wdi;f &if;om;rsm;jyemajz&Si;f a&;twGuf aumif;jrwfaomtpOftvmrsm;r[kway?
k
f
xduo@kd aoG;cGoyfv#Kd rukd wdi;f &if;om;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf owd}u;D pGmxm;I z,f&m;&rnf
k hJ
J
_
k
D
S
jzpfayonf?
Tae&mwGif typftcwf&yfp+J y;D aemufyi;f qd;k usKd ;rsm;udyroufa&mufapaom wrsKd ;om;
kd
k kd kd
vH;k ESihf vlom;tEG,0iftm;vH;k udk +cdr;f ajcmufv#u&+dS yD; Ediiwume,fy,fY pd;k &dryyefrrsm;udk
f
f
kfH
f l _
jrifrm;aponfjh yemw&yftm; trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifh tav;teufxm;oH;k oyf&ef vdtyfvm
h
k
ayonf? xdjk yemrSm bde;f / bde;f jzLESihf tufzwrif;aq;jym; xkwvya&mif;csra=umifh ay:ayguf
f kf
_
vmaom rl;,pfaq;0g;jyemyifjzpfonf? xdjk yemonf a&S;,cifuyif &Sconfreaomfvnf;
d hJ
Sf
typftcwf&yfp+J y;D aemufyi;f umvwGif urBmudk txdwwvef@jzpfapatmif rl;,pfaq;0g;onf
kd
f
tqaygi;f rsm;pGm wd;k wufxu&aer_rsm;udk urBmuvor*~. rl;,pfaq;0g;qki&mtpD&ifcpmESihf
G f dS
h k
df
H
tjcm; Ekiiwumrl;,pfaq;0g;qdi&m tpD&ifcpmrsm;t& od&Eiayonf?
dfH
kf
H
dS kd f
Tjyemonf vlrsKd ;pka'owck.jyemr#omr[kwbJ wrsKd ;om;vH;k .jyemjzpf
f
onftjyif vlom;wdi;f .jyemvnf;jzpfayonf? Tjyemudajz&Si;f &efrmvnf; tay:,H
h
k
k
S
ajz&Si;f enf;rsm;jzpfonfh tpm;xd;k oD;ESpuysKd ;jcif;/ bde;f awmiforsm;udk tjcm;ae&mrsm;od@k tpk
H kd f
l
324

325. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vdutòyHvuajymif;a&$Œjcif;rsm;tygt0if aq;+rD;wdenf;rsm;jzifh ukpm;I&Edirnfr[kway?
k f
kd f
k
kf
f
tpm;xd;k oD;ESpuysKd ;jcif;onf a'ocHjynforsm;udk tenf;i,ftusKd ;&SEirnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ bde;f
H kd f
l
d kd f
yaysmufa&;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;a&;twGuf xda&mufaomaqmif&urrsm;r[kway? bde;f
G f _
f
pduysKd ;r_usqif;±Hr#jzifh rl;,pfaq;0g;xkwvyrusqif;rnf[Ivnf; wxpfcsr,lqEkiay? tb,f
k f
k
f kf_
k
df
a=umifqaomf rl;,pfaq;0g;wrsKd ;jzpfonfh tufzwrif;aq;jym;onf bde;f vH;k 0yg0ifjcif;r&SbJ
h kd
d
tjcm;aom"gwypPn;f rsm;jzifh aygi;f pyfxw,Eijf cif;a=umifjh zpfayonf? aemufq;kH awGŒ&Scsursm;
k
k f l kd
d f
t& tqdygr;l ,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk "gwypPn;f rsm;rSomr[kwbJ }uHyifrxuonfh wifv&nfrsm;rS
k
k
f
S G f
J
yif xkw,Eionfh enf;ynmrsm;onf aemifaomtcg wrsKd ;om;vH;k ESihf vlom;tEG,0iftm;vH;k
f l kd f
f
twGuyg pd;k &drz,aumif;aomtcsursm;jzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;yaysmuf
f
fG f
f
a&;udk qlv,eyfv,jf zpfaom aq;+rD;wdenf;rsm;jzifh yaysmufatmifupm;Ekirnfr[kway?
G f
G
k
k df
f
bde;f ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;pduysKd ;xGu&&ma'orsm;onf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkvenf;pkrsm;
k f
f dS
k
l
aexki&ma'orsm;jzpf=u+yD; xda'o&Sd wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;rsm;
df
k
k
kfH
_
onf jrefrmEdiiv;kH qdi&m taxGaxGaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.jyemESihf wenf;r[kww
kfH
kf
k
f
enf;jzifh qufpyfv#u&ayonf? xd@k a=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;yaysmufa&;jyemonf wdi;f
f dS
k
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tajccHusaom Ediia&;jyemESihf cGjJ cm;±_jrifo;kH oyfI &Edirnfr[kway?
kfH
kf
f
jrefrmEdiionf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkpaygi;f aexkiaom vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHEiiwEdiijH zpf
kfH
k
H k
df
k kd f H k f
ayonf? ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdi/f &Sr;f ponfh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tjyif
k
k
ytd0;f / yavmif/ 0/ em* ponftjcm;aomwdi;f &if;om;rsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;pkaygi;f aexdi=f uay
k
h
k
k
onf? xkvrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;ESihf vlaer_b0 tajctae tqiftwef;
d l
kfH
h
wd@k onfvnf; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;r_rsm;&S=d uonf? tkycsKyfa&;tqiftm;jzifvnf; tcsKd ŒrSm xD;òydieef;
f
h
h
f
òyiaecJ=h u+y;D tcsKd ŒrSm apmfbm;/ apmfu/J 'l;0g;/ awmifyi/f awmiftyf ponfjzifh tuGutjym;jym;
df
G
kd
k
J JG
tkycsKyfaexdic=hJ uayonf? tiftm;awmifwif;onfh tcsKd Œaomjrefrmbk&ifrsm;vufxufYom
f
kf
h
wducuor;f oGi;f Edic+hJ yD; usetcsersm;wGif wuGwjym;tkycsKyfv#u&c=hJ uonf?
k f kd f d
kf
f d f
J
f
f dS
+Awo#e,fcsŒJ vufatmufo‹kd twlwuGusa&mufum e,fcsŒJ qef@usia&;/ trsKd ;om;vGwf
d d
f
ajrmufa&;wduyuvnf; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHvufwI qifEc=hJ uonf? vGwvyfa&;tóud
k f JG kd
k
k
JG
J$
f
umvjzpfaom 1947 ckEp/f azazmf0g&vwGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf
S
D
k f
wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf wdi;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vH;k yl;aygi;f I vGwvyfa&;ud&,l&ef o
k
k
f
k
abmwlc=hJ u+yD; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.wef;wla&;ESihf ud,yijf yÏmef;cGiukd todtrSwðf yv#uf
k
k f kd
hf
jynfaxmifpuzŒJG pnf;&efvnf; oabmwlc=hJ uonf? xd@k a=umifh yifvoabmwlncsuEihf yifvpm
k kd
kH
D fS
kH
csKyfukd csKyfqvufrwa&;xd;k cJ=h uonf?
kd
S f
Tod@k jzifh jrefrmEdiionf 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif vGwvyfa&;ud&&Sc+hJ yD;
kfH
S
D
G
f
k d
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii[Ivnf; ay:ayguvmcJ&ayonf? od@k &mwGif AdvcsKyatmifqef;usq;kH +y;D
kfH l
f h
k f f
jrefrmEdiiukd qufvuftycsKyfc=hJ uaomacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdi;f &if;
kfH
k f
k f
k
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;. oabmwlcsrSwfcJhaomtajccHrlrsm;udk aoGznfcJh=uonf? xdk@a=umifh
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wrysujf ym;um wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vufeufuiawmfverrsm;
k
G f_
k
kd f
Sf_
&Sc=hJ uonf? Ttajctaersm;a=umifh 1961 ckEpwif awmif}u;D òrŒd Y wdi;f &if;om; jynfe,faygi;f pHk
d
Sf G
k
325

326. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
nDvmcH}uD;w&yfuusi;f yum wdi;f &if;om;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udaz:aqmifEirnfh jynf
kd
k
G f
k
kd f
axmifpppfppfrl od@k r[kwf zuf'&,frw&yfua&;qGwifjycJ=h uayonf? xdruta=umif;jyI
k
l
kd
J
k l kd
wyfrawmfrtm%modr;f cJ+h y;D wygwtm%m&SipepfjziftycsKyc&m wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vlrsKd ;
S
D
f
h k f f hJ
k
qdi&mtcGita&;rsm;vnf;qH;k ±_;H cJ&onf? xd@k a=umifh wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuiyeuefrrsm; ydrkd
kf
hf
h
k
kd f k f
_
k
rsm;jym;jyif;xefvm+yD; jynfwi;f ppfr;D udvnf; t&Sejf yif;pGmawmufavmifapcJygonf?
G
k
d
h
xd@k tjyif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. vuf&tajctaersm;rSmvnf; 1988 ckEpf ta&;awmf
kfH
dS
S
yH}k uD;aemufyi;f wGif Ediia&;ygwrsm;udzŒJG pnf;cGiðhf y+yD; 1990 jynfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
kd
kfH
D
k
D kH D kd
aumufyuusi;f yay;cJaomfvnf; a&G;aumufy.&v'furl taumiftxnfaz:ay;jcif;r&Sonfh
JG kd
h
JG
kd
d
twGuf Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;ta&;ESihf
kfH
_
k
Ekiiwumqufqa&;e,fy,frsm;wGif tusytwnf;aygi;f pHEihf &ifqióf uHawGŒv#u&ayonf?
dfH
H
f
k S
kd
f dS
Tjyemrsm;onfvnf; wckpo;D jcm;jzpfay:vmjcif;r[kway? wckwnf;aom Ediia&;rajy
D
f
kfH
vnfrutajccHI ay:ayguvmaom jyemrsm;omjzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh Ediia&;tajccH
_ kd
f
kfH
jyemrsm;udr&Si;f bJ pD;yGm;a&;jyem/ rl;,pfaq;0g; jyemrsm;udk oD;jcm; cGxwf ajz&Si;f I
k
J k
&Edirnfr[kway?
kf
f
jrefrmEdiiwif óuHawG@ae&aom tusytwnf;aygi;f pHw@kd uajz&Si;f &eftwGuf wckwnf;
kfH G
f
k kd
aomenf;vrf;rSm jynfoŒl qENEitnD/ 'Drua&pDenf;vrf;usus jynfoŒl ud,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd
S hf
kd
k f
f
tm%mv$ajymif;ay;a&;yifjzpfayonf? xdo@dk tm%mv$ajymif;ay;&eftvd@k im jynfoŒl v$wawmf
J
k
J
S
f
w&yfuac:,lusi;f yay;&efvtyf+yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udO;D
kd
kd
f
G
G f
k
wnfonfvyief;pOfrsm;udcsrw&ayrnf? xdvyief;pOfrsm;udtajcðyI ydrus,jf yef@+y;D 'Drua&pD
h kf
k S f
k kf
k
k kd
kd
usaom nDvmcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yay;&efvayonf? xdnvmcHrS aqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f I &vmaom
kd
k D
d d_
tajccHrrsm;jzifh ppfreaomjynfaxmifpuzŒJG pnf;&ayrnf?
l
S f
k kd
xd@k a=umifh ,ae@&ifqióf uHawGŒae&aom tusytwnf;aygi;f pHukd ajz&Si;f Ekia&;twGuf
kd
f
k
df
oufqi&mtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k onf rdrw@kd .yk*Kd~ vfa&;ESihf toif;tzGŒJ wd@k . tusKd ;pD;yGm;
kd f
d
rsm;udz,f&m;I trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifo;kH oyfum 'Drua&pDxe;f um;a&;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
k
S
h
kd
G
k
rsm;jyemajz&Si;f a&;rSonf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmuf=uyg&ef (53) ESpf
G f
ajrmuf jynfaxmifpae@ukd tav;teufðyI wduwe;f tyfygonf?
k
k f G
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wyd‹k wvqef; (8) &uf?
S
JG
2000 jynfEp/f azaz:0g&Dv (12) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹csonf//)
kd
d
326

327. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudfk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 7 (3§00)
vlEiw&pmefrsm;udxcuapaom ajrðryfri;Ak;rsm; wm;qD;a&;ESizsuq;ypfa&; oabm
S hf d d >
k d kd f
kd f H
hf f D
wlpmcsKyftm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD.axmufccsuEihf oabmxm;udk xkwf
f
kd f
H fS
jyefvdkufonf//
1?
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfh aumfrwD “jynfoŒl
f
kd f
f
f
kd kd f
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD” udk 16-9-98 &ufae‹wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,trsm;
f
kd f
G
f
kd f
f
pku tyfEi;f vduaomvkyyicit& ckirmpGmzGŒJ pnf;vkuonf? xkd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
S k f
f kd f G hf
df
d f
f
kd f
ðyaumfrwDonf jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguonftxd v$wawmfu,pm; aqmif&uom;rnf?
f
f
f
kd f
G f G
wenf;tm;jzifh v$wawmfw&yfray:ao;rD v$wawmf.vkyyicirsm;ukd tok;H ðyoGm;rnf[k tckif
f
f
f kd f G hf
d
trm t"dyg` ,ziqcsuyifjzpfonf// xko@kd vyyicit& ,ck Ediiawmfuusio;Hk aeaom Oya'
f G hf dk f
d
k f kd f G hf
kfH
hf
rsm;udjk yefvnfo;Hk oyfvsuf twnfðy&ef&onfrsm;/ y,fzsu&ef&onfrsm;/ jyifqif&ef&onfrsm;/
dS
f dS
dS
jznfpu&ef/ tpm;xk;d &ef/ E_wy,f&ef tp&Sonfrsm;aqmif&urnf[k twdtvif;a=unmxm;+y;D
hG f
f
d
G f
jzpfonf?
2?
xko@kd aqmif&uEi&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfEioufqionfh v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwD
d
G f dk f
f
S hf
dk f
f
rsm;udvnf; toD;oD;zGŒJ pnf;um aqmif&uvsu&aeonf// xka&;&maumfrwDrsm;teuf Oya'
k
G f
f dS
d
a&;&maumfrwDEihf umuG,a&;&maumfrwDw@dk onfvnf; EkiiawmfEioufqionfuprsm;udk
S
f
dfH
S hf
dk f h d P
aqmif&uvsu&ygonf/ od@k jzpfygI ,ck EkiiawmftwGuf ta&;w}u;D aqmif&u&rnfh udpw&yf
G f f dS
dfH
G f
P
jzpfonfh vlEiw&pmefrsm;udxcuapaom ajrðryfri;f Ak;H rsm;xkwvyjf cif;/ vGajymif;ay;jcif;/ odk
S hf d d >
k d kd f
f dk
f k
J
avSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d uwm;jrpfjcif;ESihf xkajrðryfri;f rsm;zsuq;D ypfjcif;qki&m oabmwlpm
kd
d
kd
f
df
csKy. tzGŒJ 0ifEiitjzpf0ifa&mufa&;ukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfoŒl v$wf
f
dk f H
f
kd f
awmfusi;f yonftcg axmufcwifjyay;&efjzpfygonf?
h
H
327

328. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
3?
tqkyg vlEiw&pmefw@kd uxcuapaomajrðryfri;f rsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh tum
d
S hf d d >
kd d kd f
f dk
tuG,r/hJ tjypfraom t&yfom;rsm;/ jynfoaygi;f rsm;pGm ae@pOfEitr# r±_rvSaoa=uysup;D =u
f
hJ
l
S hf
f
aponf? ud,cE<mtpdwtydi;f rsm; b0woufwm vlpOfrrDatmif jzpf=uaponf? tjypfraom
k f
f k
hJ
uav;i,frsm;u (12) &mE_e;f ESihf trsKd ;orD;rsm;u (16) &mE_e;f jzifh rdi;f '%fc&olrsm;xJwiyg0ifae
k
H
Gf
onf[azmfjyaom jrefrmEkiiEiywfoufI tpD&ifcpmxkwjf yefxm;+y;D jzpfonf? xktedXm±krsm;
k
d f H S hf
H
d
H
onf xdcuq;Hk ±_;H cH&olw@dk Eicsn;f ywfoufaeonfr[kwyg? wEkiiv;Hk txl;ojzifh jynfaxmifpk
kd f
S hf
f
dfH
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tm;vk;H twGi;f wGif 'kuonfrsm;jzpf=u&jcif;/ tk;d tdrr/hJ taxmuftyHh
d
Q
f
uif;rJcae=u&jcif;/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy&ef/ oGm;&ef/ vm&efyif tvGea=umufvef@wevyae
hH
f
kf _f
=u&jcif;/ qif/ jrif;/ u|/J EGm; ponfh tzk;d wefaom wd&pmefrsm;ygrusef ysup;D qk;H ±_;H ae=u&onfh
d >
f
jyemrsm;ESihf &ifqiae=u&onf? vlEiw&d p>mefw@dk uxcuapaom ajrðryfri;f '%fc&onfh
dk f
S hf d
kd d kd f
dk
H
a'otwGi;f zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufrukd }uD;rm;aomt[ef@twm;jzpfaponf?
_
4?
xkvEihf wd&d p>mefrsm;ygxcuapaom ajrðryfri;f rsm;onf xkwvyorsm;ESihf tok;H ðyol
d lS
d kd f
f kd
f kf l
wk@d yifv#if toufq;Hk ±_;H I cE<mud,b0wk;H atmifysu&onftxdyifjzpfaponf? ,ae@ jynfol
k f
f
jynfom;rsm;jzpfaom jrefrmhwyfrawmfppfonfrsm;ESihf tjcm;vufeufuiwuaeolrsm;yif qk;d
kd f dk f
usKd ;rsm;cHpm;ae=u&onf?
5?
vlEihf wd&d p>mefrsm;udxcuapaom rdi;f rsm;wm;jrpfa&;ESihf aemifwif zsuq;D ypfa&;
S
k d kd f
k
G
f
twGuóf uHawGŒ&rnftcuftcJu&ifqiv#uf EkiitoD;oD;wk@d u xda&mufpmyl;aygi;f aqmif
h
kd
dk f
dfH
G
&Gu=f u&efvonf? qk;H cef;wkif wm;qD;ydwyifa&;onf ta&;}u;D aom,k=H unfcsuwnfaqmufa&;
dk
d
f
f
ESihf ta&;,laqmif&ua&;rsm;tay: Yrlwnfonf? 1996 ckEpf 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ tjynf
G f
S
jynfqi&m vlŒtcGita&; ESpywfvnfae@wif urBmuvor*~ nDvmcH}u;D u vlEihf w&dpmefw@kd
dk f
hf
f
G
h k
S
>
xdcuapaomrdi;f rsm; xkwvyjf cif;/ v$ajymif;jcif;/ odavSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d ukd xda&mufpm
kd f
k
f k
J
k
G
wm;jrpfEionfh Oya'tmedoif&rnfh tjynfjynfqi&moabmwlncsuwnfaqmuf=uyg&ef
dk f
dS
dk f
D f
ckicirmrmwduwe;f xm;onf? 1997 ckEp/f 'DZifbmvwGif xkoabmwlncsuukd wnfaqmufEif
d f kd f
k f G
S
d
D f
dk
cJ=h uonf? jrefrmEkiiwitajcpduaeaom urBmuvor*~ ud,pm;vS,rsm;/ tzGŒJ rsm;jzpfonfh
dfH Gf
k f
h k
k f
f
,ltif'y/dD 'AvsLtdwcst/dk ,lequftzGŒJ rsm;vnf; xkuprsm;udaqmif&u&ef vkyyicirsm;
D
f f
D
d d P
k
G f
f kd f G hf
tyfEi;f xm;+yD;jzpfygonf?
S
6?
ouU&mZf (2000) tapmydi;f umvwGif wurBmvk;H ESiywfoufaom ajrðryfri;f Ak;H
k
hf
f kd
jyemudk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef&ygonf? jrefrmEkiirS ajrðryfri;f Ak;H rsm;udpEiywfoufaom tpD
dS
dfH
f dk
P S hf
&ifcpmrl=urf;wapmifukd ouU&mZf (2000) ESpv,fyi;f avmufwia&;qGI/ ouU&mZf (2000)
H
f
kd
Gf
J
ESpf pufwifbmvwGiusi;f yrnfh oabmwlncsupmcsKyftzGŒJ 0ifEiirsm;. 'kw,t}urajrmuf
f
D f
kd f H
d
df
tpnf;ta0;wGif xkwjf yef&ef&onf? tmqD,Eiirsm;jzpfonfh uaABm'D;,m;Edii/H xki;f Ekii/H zd
dS
H dk f H
kd f d d f
vpfyiEii/H rav;&Sm;Edii/H tif'e;D &Sm;Ekiiw@dk onf ajrðryfri;f rsm;wm;qD;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
kd f dk f
kf
kd
dfH
kd
328

329. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
twnfðy+y;D od@k r[kwf vufrwa&;xk;d +y;D jzpfI / b*Fvm;a'h&Eiiu pmcsKytzGŒJ 0ifEiijH zpfaeay+y?
S f
fS kd f H
f
dk f
D
xka=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf vlEiw&d p>mefrsm;udxcuapaom ajrðryf
d
f
kd f
S hf d
k d dk f
rdi;f rsm;xkwvyjf cif;/ v$ajymif;jcif;/ okavSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d ukd wm;jrpfjcif;ESihf ajrðryfri;f rsm;
k
f k
J
d
f kd
wm;qD;a&;ESihf zsuq;D ypfa&;qki&moabmwlpmcsKyf. tzGŒJ 0ifEiitjzpf0ifa&mufEia&; jynfoŒl
f
df
dk f H
dk f
v$wawmfo@kd wifjyrnfjzpfygonf?
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f wyd‹k wvjynfausmf (13) &uf?
S
JG
h
2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (1) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifjr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 8 (3§00)
1?
jrefrmEkiionf ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cki/f &Sr;f ponfh wki;f &if;om;rsm;ESihf
dfH
d
d
tjcm;wki;f &if;om;trsm;tjym; yl;aygi;f aexkiaom EkiiwEkiijH zpfonftjyif vGwvyfa&;tóud
d
df
dfH df
h
f
umvjzpfaom 1947 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &ufae@wif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; AkvcsKyf
S
D
G
d f
atmifqef;ESihf wki;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ud,yijf yÏmef;cGiukd
d
d
k f kd
hf
todtrSwðf yvsuf jynfaxmifpuzŒJG pnf;&ef yifvoabmwlpmcsKyfucsKyfqc=hJ uayonf?
k kd
Hk
kd
dk
2?
odk@&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHudktkyfcsKyfcJh=uaom aemufydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xkdyifvkH
tajccHoabmwlncsursm;udk vkuemaqmif&ur_ tm;enf;cJ=h uonf? aoGznfc=hJ uonf? aemif
D f
d f
G f
tcdsetcgwif wdi;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH vufeufuiawmfverrsm;ay:ayguum wki;f &if;om;
f
G k
kd f
Sf_
f
d
pnf;vk;H nD!wrysujf ym;cJ&ayonf?
G f_
h
3?
,ae@tcsetcgwif Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD tm%mydirsm;
df
G dfH
kf
onf wki;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf; rnfIrnfr#Eihf typftcwf&yfpEic+hJ y;D wki;f &if;om;
d
kd f
S
J kd f
d
pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udvnf; wnfaqmufEic+hJ yD[I aºuG;a=umfaevifupm; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
G f
k
kd f
l
h
k
rsm;.jyemukd Ediia&;t& aqG;aEG;!dEi;f jcif;tm;jzifh tajccHoabmwlncsursm;udk &,l
kfH
S d_
D f
vsuf wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmufEijf cif;r&Sao;ay?
d
G f
dk
d
329

330. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
4?
xk‹d tjyif wki;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf wki;f &if;om;vufeufuitypftcwf&yfpJ
d
kfH
D
d
kd f
xm;aomtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. Ediia&;t& aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &efawmif;qkrrsm;udvnf; vspv#L±_
kfH
d _
k
f
xm;cJayonf? Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifptm%mydirsm;onf wzufwif
h
dfH
D
kf
G
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udwnfaqmufaeygonf? wzufwif wki;f &if;om; vufeufuif
k
G f
k
G d
kd
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpEic+hJ y[I aºu;G a=umfaeaomfvnf; wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
J dk f D l
d
&Sprpuse&aeaom tcGita&;tenf;i,fuyif xyfrywyifwm;qD;vsu&ayonf?
d k hJ k f dS
hf
kd
H d f
f dS
5?
ouU&mZf 2000 jynfEp/f azazmf0g&v (7) &ufae@onf &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;. trsKd ;om;
hS
D
ae@jzpfonf? &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;onf 1947 ckEp/f aza:0g&v (7) &ufae@ukd &Sr;f trsKd ;om;ae@tjzpf
S
D
owfrwc+hJ yD; ESppOfusi;f ycJ=h uonf? od@k &mwGif awmfvea&;aumifpacwfo@kd a&mufaomtcg
S f
f
S f
D
tm%mydirsm;u &Sr;f trdsK;om;ae@usi;f yjcif;onf usO;f ajrmif;onf[qum &Sr;f jynfe,fae@
kf
k dk
tjzpfom ajymif;vJusi;f ycGiðhf ycJavonf? &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;taejzifvnf; trsKd ;om;ae‹ usi;f y
h
h
cGir&onfwiatmif &Sr;f jynfe,fae@usi;f ycGi&&Sao;onfuyif &Sr;f trdsK;om;ae@wif pdwEv;Hk
hf
h kd f
hf d
kd
G
fS
wGif pGrwumusi;f ycJ=h uayonf?
JS f
6?
od@k &mwGif ouU&mZf 2000 jynf/h azaz:0g&v (7) &ufae@wiusa&mufaom &Sr;f trsKd ;
D
Gf
om;ae@url jynfe,fae@tjzpf usi;f ycGiyifrðyawmhay? &Sr;f jynfe,fwif &Sr;f vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;om
kd
hf
G
aexki=f ujcif;r[kwonftwGuf &Sr;f jynfe,fae@ukd usi;f ycGirðyEdia=umif; tm%mydirsm;u
d
f h
hf k f
kf
ta=umif;jyum ydwyifwm;qD;cJ=h ujyefygonf?
f
7?
tu,fI usi;f yrnfqyguvnf; ±k;d &m,Ofaus;r_ uckeaysm&iytjzpfjzifh usi;f y&rnf?
kd
f f $ f JG
ay#my&iywivnf; vlO;D a& (250) xufrydap&/ tcrf;tem;rsm;rðyvky&/ rde@f ce;f rajym&/ EdiiH
f JG $ f JG G f
k
f
G
kf
a&;ygwrsm;.o0%fvmrsm;udrzwf&/ eHeuf (7) em&DrS (11) em&D twGi;f omusi;f y&rnf[I
D
$
k
l
uef@owfcsutrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh usi;f ycGiðhf ycJayonf?
f
h
8?
azaz:0g&v (20) &ufae@onfvnf; csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@jzpfonf? csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@[I
D
l
jzpfay:vm&onfrm jrefrmEkiionf 1948 ckEpwif vGwvyfa&;ud&&Scaomfvnf; csi;f awmifwef;
S
dfH
Sf G
f
k d hJ
rsm;pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk zsuor;f jcif;r&Sao;ay? xkOy'rsm;a=umifh csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;onf }u;D av;
f d
d
d
aomtcGetwkwrsm;udk qufvufay;aqmifae=u&ayonf? xk@d a=umifh csi;f trsKd ;om;acgi;f
f
f
aqmifrsm;. pn;f±;Hk v_ŒH aqmfrj_ zifh vlxtpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfac:,lusi;f yum xkOya'udk qef@
k
d
usiwuy0ifc=hJ uavonf? Tod@k jzifh csi;f awmifwef;rsm;pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk zsuor;f ay;cJ&ay
f dk f JG
f d
h
onf?
9?
xko@kd csi;f jynforsm;udzEyonfh Oya'udk zsuor;f ay;cJ&aom vlxtpnf;ta0;}u;D
d
l
k d dS f
f d
h
k
usi;f yonfh 1948 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (26) &ufae@ukd csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;u trsKd ;omae@tjzpf
S
D
owfrwum ESppOfusi;f ycJ=h uayonf?
S f
f
330

331. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
10?
csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@uvnf; csi;f 0daoowki;f ae@[Ivnf;aumif;/ csi;f jynfe,fae@[I
kd
d
l
l
vnf;aumif; ajymif;vJusi;f y&ef tm%mydirsm;u óud;yrf;r_rsm;&Sc=hJ uayonf? od@k &mwGif csi;f
kf
d
trdsK;om;rsm;url trdsK;om;ae@tjzpfom owfrwusi;f yavh&=dS uayonf?
S f
11?
ouU&mZf 2000 jynfEp/f azaz:0g&v (20) &ufae@wiusa&mufaom csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@
hS
D
Gf
usi;f ya&;udrl tm%mydirsm;u ‚if;wk@d .rl0g'a&;&mESin!wrr&Sojzifh cGirðyEki[I ta=umif;
k
kf
hf D G f _ d
hf d f l
jyum wm;qD;ydwyifcayonf?
f hJ
12?
xkenf;wlpm ESppOf wyd@k wvjynfausmf (1) &ufae@onfvnf; rGetrsKd ;om;ae@jzpf+yD;
d
G f
JG
h
f
vGwvyfa&;&+yD;aemufyi;f rGetrsKd ;om;rsm;u ESppOfusi;f ycJ=h uayonf? rGetrsKd ;om;rsm;onf
f
kd
f
f
f
[Hom0wDEiiawmfwnfaxmifcaomae@ukd rGetrsKd ;om;ae@tjzpfowfrw+f y;D ESppOfusi;f ycJ=h u
dk f H
hJ
f
S
f
jcif;jzpfayonf?
13?
vrf;pOfygwacwfo@kd a&mufaomtcg Ekiiawmftpd;k &u tm;ay;r_jzifh 1973 ckEprpI
D
dfH
SfS
rGetrsKd ;om;ae@udk }u;D us,crf;em;pGmusi;f ycJ=h uayonf? od@k &mwGif ouU&mZf 1361 ck/ wyd@k wv
f
f
JG
jynfausmf (1) &ufae@wiusa&mufaom trsKd ;om;ae@uum; tm%mydiw@dk onf usi;f ycGirðybJ
h
Gf
kd
kf
hf
ydwyifwm;qD;cJayonf?
f
h
14?
tm%mydirsm;.tqkt& trdsK;om;ae@[I jrefrmEkiiY wae@wnf;om&S&rnfjzpf+y;D
kf
d
l
dfH
d
tjcm;wki;f &if;om;rsm;.trsKd ;om;ae@rsm;udk usi;f ycGirðyEdi[Ita=umif;jycJayonf?
d
hf k f l
h
15?
wefaqmifre;f vjynfausmf (10) &ufae@onf jrefrmEkii. wrsKd ;om;vk;H twGuf trsKd ;
k
h
dfH
om;ae@jzpfayonf? +Adwo#e,fcsŒJ wd@k onf jrefrmEkiiukd ppfo;Hk }udrðf yI 1885 ckEpwif t+yD;ydif
d
dfH
Sf G
k
odr;f yducayonf? 1920 ckEpo@kd a&mufaomtcg &efuewuUovOya'udta=umif;ðyI +Adwd
k f hJ
Sf
kf
kd f
k
o#w@dk .udveynma&;pepfukd qef@usioydwarSmufc=hJ u+y;D trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm; ay:ayguf um
k dk D
f
f
trsKd ;om;pdwrsm;vnf; Ek;d =um;vmcJayonf? xk@d a=umifh 1920 ckEpf wefaqmifre;f vjynfh ausmf
f
h
S
k
(10) &ufae@ukd trdsK;om;atmifyae@tjzpfowfrwvsuf ESppOfEpwi;f pnf;um;oduòf rdupm
JG
S f
f S f dk
k
f G
usi;f ycJ=h uavonf? Ekiiawmft}u;D tuJrsm;ESihf wm0ef&y*K~ vrsm;uvnf; xkae@x&ufa&muf
dfH
dS k d f
d
dk
wki;f trsKd ;om;[ef/ trsKd ;om;rmefrsm; r,dr;f r,dif rarhaysmufap&ef a[majymvrf;!$errsm;
d
k
f _
&Sc=hJ uayonf?
d
16?
od@k &mwGif jrefrmEkiionf ArmvlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;aexkiaom Ediir[kway? ArmvlrsKd ;
dfH
df
kfH
f
rsm;tjyif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f &cki/f &Sr;f ESihf tjcm;wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;yg yl;aygi;f
d
d
aexkivsu&=dS uavonf? xkvrsd K;rsm;Yvnf; ArmvlrsKd ;rsm;uJo@kd &Sn=f umaomordi;f a=umif;
df
f
d l
h
k
rsm;ESitwl bmoma&;qdi&m ae@x;l ae@jrwfrsm;ESitwl ordi;f jzpfpOf. tedrtjrif/h twuf
hf
kf
hf
k
hf
331

332. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tus/ tvSnajymif;rsm;t& xl;jcm;aom ae@x;l ae@jrwf (trsKd ;om;ae@) ae@rsm;vnf; &Sc=hJ uav
hf
d
onf?
17?
TuJo@kd ordi;f tpOftvmrsm;ESihf ae@x;l ae@jrwfrsm;udk xdr;f odr;f =u&rnfwm0efrsm;
h
k
h
onf oufqi&mvlrsKd ;wki;f .wm0efrsm;jzpf=uayonf? Tae@x;l ae@jrwf (trdsK;om;ae@) udk ouf
dk f
d
qki&mvlrsKd ;rsm;uusi;f yonftcgYvnf; usevrsKd ;rsm;u *k%,0ifºh um;pGmwufa&muf tm;ay;
df
h
f l
f l
G
=u&ayrnf? usi;f y&eftcuftcJ&v#ivnf; 0di;f 0ef;ulnaz;ray;&rnfomjzpfayonf? Tod‹k jzifh
dS f
k
D
wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSeav;pm;csp=f unfrEihf ,k=H unfrwnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?
d
f
_S
_
18?
,ae@umvonf wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wruwnfaqmuf=u&rnfh tcsetcg
k
G f _ kd
d f
jzpfayonf? xko@kd wnfaqmuf&mwGif tajymoufoufjzifr[kwbJ wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
d
h
f
d
vlrsKd ;qki&mtcGita&;rsm;udav;pm;vkuem+y;D wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . ud,yijf yÏmef;
df
hf
k
d f
d
k f kd
cGiudk todtrSwðf yjcif;jzifom wu,ftppftrSejf zpfaom wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udk
hf
h
h
d
G f
wnfaqmufEirnfjzpfayonf?
dk f
19?
Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
dfH
f
dfH
aumifpD tm%mydirsm;onf tjcm;aomwki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.pmayrsm;udk oif=um;jcif;rðy
kf
d
jcif;/ trsKd ;om;ae@rsm;udusi;f ycGirðyjcif; ponfvy&yfrsm;onf wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H a&;udk
k
hf
h k f
d
tav;teufxm;aqmif&uaeygonfqaom Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / EkiiH
G f
dk
dfH
df
df
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifptm%mydirsm;. tajymESitvkyrsm;onf wjcm;pD
D
kf
hf
f
jzpfaeonf? tajymwjcm; tvkywjcm;om jzpfavonf?
f
20?
Ekiiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD tm%mydirsm;onf jrefrmEkii.
dfH
kf
dfH
yuwdtajctaet&wnf&aeaom uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . ,Ofaus;r_ "avh
dS
xk;H pHEiwuG trsKd ;om;a&;vuQ%mrsm;udk toGio¾meftm;jzifomvufcxm;+y;D tESpom&
S hf
f
h
H
f
tm;jzifh aqmif&uay;jcif;r&Say? trSerm yuwdwnf&aeonfh tajccHta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
G f
d
f S
dS
vufc=H u&ayonf? Tod@k uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aomtrsKd ;om;a&;vuQ%mrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;a&;tjrif
rsm;udk 0g'w&yfucsrw+f yD; wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmuf=u&rnfomjzpfay
kd S
d
G f
onf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361/ waygif;vqef; (4) &uf?
2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (8) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
332

333. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 9 ( 3§00 )
1?
yJc;l wdi;f / anmifav;yifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
k
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;xGe;f ºuG,tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;qdk
f
kd f
f
k
H
onfh vlwpk.vky}f uHatmf[pfyukd 7-12-99 &ufae@uusi;f yoGm;onf[o&&onf?
JG
k d dS
2?
oufqi&m tm%mydiw@kd . pDpOfaqmif&uf !¸e=f um;r_t& xdo@kd Oya'rJ/h r[kwr
kd f
kf
G
k
f
w&m;vky}f uatmf[pfyukd ¹yewefqmòrŒd tm;upm;uGi;f wGiðf yvky&m acsmif;&if;aus;&GmrS awmif
H
JG G f
f
ol OD;ausmjf rifh qdou qENaz:xkwwifjyonf[vnf;aumif;/ at;&Gmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;jr
k l
f
k
aomif; qdou vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfonf[vnf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fa&G;aumuf
k l
S f
f
k
kd
k
yGaumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;wifaZmf0if;qdou rSwwrf;vufconf[vnf;aumif; =um;od&onf?
J
k l
f
H
k
3?
yJc;l wdi;f / xef;wyifòrdŒe,frS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
k
kd
f
kd f
vS,f OD;csparmiftm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;qdonfh vlwpk.Oya'rJp±;kH atmf
f
k
H
k
hk
[pfywckukd xef;wyifòrŒd tm;upm;uGi;f wGif 10-12-99 &ufae@u usi;f ycJonf[k od&&onf?
JG
h
dS
4?
oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd tvdus ðyvkyonfh xdvwpk. Oya'ausmeif;[pfatmfyJG
kd f
kf
k
f
k l
f
wGif pyg;usaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f [ef qdou qENazmfxwwifjyonf[vnf;aumif;/ tke;f
D
k l
k f
k
yifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausmp;kd qdou vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyfonf[vnf;
f k l
S f
f
k
kd
k
aumif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyJG aumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;pd;k oef; qdou rSwwrf;udvufconf[k
f
k l
f
k
H
vnf;aumif;od&&onf?
dS
5?
ppfui;f wdi;f / ,if;rmyifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
kd k
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;wifxe;f atmiftm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;
f
kd f
G
k
H
qdonfh vlwpk. Oya'rJh [pfatmfyukd 20-12-99 &ufae@uvnf;aumif;/ òrŒd r tm;upm;uGi;f
k
JG
wGivnf;aumif;/ wm0 aus;&GmwGivnf;aumif;/ oufqi&m tm%mydiw@kd . oabmwl cGiðhf y
f
f
kd f
kf
csut& ðyvkyconf[k od&&onf?
f
f hJ
dS
333

334. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
6?
Tvlwpk.Oya'csKd ;azmufywif awmifol OD;xl; qdoEihf awmifol OD;cifarmifaX;
JG G
k l S
qdow@kd u qENxwazmf=uonf[vnf;aumif;/ ukeo,a&;0efxrf; (t+ir;f pm;) OD;aygqoEihf
k l
k f
k
f G f
d
kd l S
awmifol OD;+idr;f atmif qdow@kd u vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;qdonfuay;tyf=uonf[vnf;
k l
S f
f
k
kd
k
aumif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;jrifoef; qdoEihf OD;cif
JG
h
k l S
armifwifqow@kd u rSwwrf;qdonfrsm;udvufc=H uonf[vnf;aumif;od&&onf?
kd l
f
k
k
k
dS
7?
yJc;l wdi;f / u0òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl v$wf
k
kd
f
awmfu,pm;vS,f a'guwmrsKd ;0if;tm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;qdonfh vlwpk
kd f
f
k
H
k
. w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udazmufzsuaomatmf[pfyukd 26-12-99 &ufae@u tke;f ESaus;&GmwGif
k
f
JG
J
oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd .tvdus ðyvkyca=umif;od&&onf?
kd f
kf
k
f hJ
dS
8?
,if;vlwpk. Oya'csKd ;azmufywif tke;f ESaus;&GmrS ukeonf OD;wifat;qdou qEN
JG G
J
f
k l
xkwazmfjcif;/ oH'if;aus;&GmrS v,form; OD;pd;k ode;f qdou vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfjcif;ESihf
f
k l
S f
f
òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;cif!kd qdou rSwwrf;qdonfuvufcjH cif;rsm;ðyvkyf
JG
f
k l
f
k
kd
=uonf[o&&onf?
k d dS
9?
ppfui;f wdi;f / uav;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. jynfoŒl
kd k
kd
f
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;odef;0if;tm; t,Hkt=unfr&Sd/ raxmufcHawmha=umif;qdkonfh
tm%mydiw@kd tvdus ðyvkyonfh vlwpk.atmf[pfyukd 28-12-99 ESihf 29-12-99 &ufae@rsm;
kf
k
f
JG
wGif wifom;aus;&Gm/ ausm&maus;&Gm/ ewfacsmif;aus;&Gm/ axmuf}uHaus;&Gm/ ompnfaus;&Gm
f G
›
rsm;wGif ðyvkyconf[o&&onf?
f hJ
k d dS
10?
,if;od@k Oya'ausmeif;vky}f uHatmf[pfywif awmifol OD;jrifatmif/ awmifol a':cif
f
JG G
h
ar0if;/ awmifol OD;cifarmif/ OD;aX;av;/ awmifol OD;armifcsKd qdorsm;u qENxwazmf=ujcif;/
k l
k f
awmifol OD;qGaz/ awmifol OD;armifu/kd awmifol OD;pHy/kd awmifol OD;boef;/ ODausmpeEihf OD;pdeaz
J
fdfS
f
qdorsm;u rSwwrf;qdonfrsm;uday;tyfjcif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
k l
f
k
k
JG
f
jzpf=uaom OD;+idr;f / OD;jrifa0/ OD;cifarmifat; qdorsm;u rSwwrf;qdonfrsm;udk vufcjH cif;rsm;
h
k l
f
k
ðyvkyconf[k od&&onf?
f hJ
dS
11?
rauG;wdi;f / rauG;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,f trSw(1) rS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl
k
f
kd
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ausmjf riftm; t,Ht=unfr&S/d raxmufcawmha=umif;qdonfh vlw
f
kd f
h
k
H
k
pk. Oya'ausmcdi;f I tm%mydiw@kd tvdusðyvkyaomatmf[pfyukd 21-1-2000 &ufae@wif
k
kf
k
f
JG
G
rauG;c±dif tm;upm;uGi;f ESihf anmifuefaus;&Gmtkypw@kd Y usi;f yoGm;onf[k od&&onf?
k
f k
dS
334

335. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
12?
,if;vlwpk. vdrvnfðyvkyaom atmf[pfywif jrifom&yfuurS ukeonf OD;rsKd ;ESihf
f
f
JG G
G f
f
anmifuefaus;&GmrS bufx&Dvyief;&Sif OD;ausm0if; qdow@kd u qENazmfxwjf cif;/ òrdŒa[mif;&yf
kf
f
k l
k
uGurS ukeonf OD;wifvS ESihf anmifuefaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifóuif qdow@kd u vufrwa&;
f
f
d k l
S f
xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfjcif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;jroef;ESihf tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if
f
JG
Oya't&m&Sd OD;apma';Apf qdow@kd u rSwwrf;vufcjH cif;rsm; ðyvkyc=hJ uonf[o&&onf?
k l
f
f
k d dS
13?
,if;od@k r[kwrw&m;enf;jzifh Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udysujf ym;apaom/ rJqEN&ijf ynfovxk
f
k
S
l l
tm; vdrnmvSnpm;+cdr;f ajcmufIðyvkyaom Oya'csKd ;azmufonfatmf[pfyrsm;wGif wufºuG
f
hf
f
h
JG
pGmyg0ifppOforsm;ESiwuG qENazmfxwonfqorsm;/ vufrwa&;xd;k rSwwrf;ay;tyfonf qdk
D l
hf
k f
kd l
S f
f
olrsm;ESihf rSwwrf;qdonfuvufcaomolrsm;tm;vH;k wd@k onf w&m;Oya'udk rav;rpm;/ ausmf
f
k
kd
H
eif;xm;olrsm;jzpfa=umif;ESihf ,if;vky&yfrsm;onfvnf; w&m;0ifjcif;vH;k 0r&Sa=umif; a=unmvduf
f
d
k
onf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f waygif;vjynfausmf (9) &uf?
S
h
2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (28) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 10 (3§00)
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;udk wm0efrjS yefvnf±yor;f jcif;[lonf Oya'jzifh
f
fdk f
f
kf d
tyfESif;aomtm%mwnf&SdrSom aqmif&GufEkdifonf? trsm;tm;jzifh TuJhodk@aomudpP&yf
twGuf Edii. zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'wGif xnfoi;f jyÏmef;ygonf? tb,fa=umifqaomf v$wf
kfH
k
h G
h kd
awmfu,pm;vS,qonfrm rJqEN&ijf ynfovxu rdroabmqENt& vGwvyfpma&G;aumuf
kd f
f kd
S
S
l l k
d
f G
wifajrmufay;vdujf cif;jzpfI jynfovx.ud,pm;vS,jf zpfaeonfa=umifjh zpfygonf? jynfovl
‡
k
l l k k f
l
xk.qENukd t+rav;pm;=u&ygonf? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ediiawmf
J
kfH
df
kfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizŒHG òzd;a&;aumifp) . Oya'trSwf 14/89 (31 - 5 - 89) jzpfaom jynfoŒl
hf
D
335

336. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wm0efrjS ynfvnf±yor;f jcif;ESihf ywfoufI Oya'jyÏmef;csuf vH;k 0xnfh
f
kd f
f
kf d
oGi;f jcif;r&Syg?
d
2?
vGwvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yI jynfoŒl
f
D kH D kd
JG
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEi&ef jyÏmef;xm;aom wnfqJ jynfoŒl
f
kd f
f
kd f
vGwawmf a&G;aumufyOya'yk'r 1 rS 82 jyÏmef;csursm;wGif jynfoŒl vGwawmfu,pm;vS,ukd
f
JG
f
f
f
kd f
f
a&G;cs,wifajrmufvuonfh qENray;ydici&ol jynfovxu Oya'ESitnD wm0efrS jynfvnf
f
kd f
J k f G hf dS
l l k
hf
±kyor;f cGityfEi;f aomtm%mESitcGita&;r&Syg?
f d hf
S
hf
hf
d
3?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'r - 3 wGif “v$wawmfudk rJqENe,f
f
f
f
rsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”
hf
kd f
k f
f
[kom Oya'jziftyfEi;f xm;aom tm%mwnf&aoma=umifh vuf&dS tm%mydirsm;. Oya'ESihf
h
S
dS
kf
nD!waomwm0efrm v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;udaqmif&u&efomjzpfayonf?
G f
S
f
k
G f
4?
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; wm0efrS jyefvnf±yor;f jcif;/ vGwawmfu,pm;vS,f
f
kd f
f
kf d
f
kd f
rsm;tm; oufqi&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif vduvvufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f +yD; t,Ht=unfr&Sd [pfatmf
kd f
k f H
S f
k
k
jcif;onf rdrwif Oya'jziftyfEi;f aomtm%mr&SbJ aqmif&ujf cif;jzpfaoma=umifh Oya'ESihf
d G
h
S
d
G
rnD w&m;rJpmðyvkyaqmif&ujf cif;jzpfonf?
h G
f
G
5?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya'udk wdwususvuem&rnfjzpfonf? OD;b!$e@f yg
f
JG
d
kd f
(2) ESihf OD;pde=f unfyg (8)/ 1971 ckEpf jrefrmEdiiw&m;pD&ifx;kH rsm; pm - 11 wGif “Oya'jziftyf
S
kfH
h
ESi;f aomtm%mudk u|Eyw@kd u us,0ef;atmifcsŒJ xGi&efvnf;rjzpf/ usO;f ajrmif;apatmif csKŒH &ef
fk f
f
f
vnf;r[kw/f wdwusus av;av;eufeuf cH,o;kH pG&efomjzpf.” [k vrf;!¸erð_ yxm;onf?
d
l J
f
6?
jynfoŒl v$wawmf a&G;aumufyOya' yk'r - 29wGif “v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk
f
JG
f
f
kd f
f
oufqi&mrJqENe,frsm;wGiaexdi=f uaom qENray;ydicihf &Sorsm;u v#Kd Œ0SuqENrjzifh wdu±uf
kd f
f k
J kfG d l
f
J
k f kd
a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf” [k jyÏmef;xm;onf? ,if;Oya' jyÏmef;csut& v#Kd Œ0SuqENrjJ zifh
f
f
wdu±ua&G;aumufwifajrmufcxm;&aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wOD;tm; rnfonftm%m
k f kd f
‡ H
f
kd f
f
h
ydi/f rnfonftpkta0;ur# oufqi&mrJqENe,frS vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f I ajAmifvufrwa&;xd;k
k
h
dk f
S f
k
S f
ay;&aom w&m;r0ifpm&Gupmwrf;rsm;jzifh t,Ht=unfr&Sa=umif;/ wm0efrjS yefvnf±yor;f
f
k
d
k f d
a=umif; [pfoay;Ir&yg?
H
7?
jynfoŒl vGwawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r (29) wGif v#Kd Œ0SuqENrpepfowfrwxm;&
f
JG
f
f J
S f
jcif;rSm qENray;ydici&ol jynfojl ynfom;rsm;onf rdr. vGwvyfaomoabmqENt& pdwóf uuf
J k f G hf dS
d
f
d
ud,pm;vS,rsm;udk vGwvyfpm tcsKytcs,r&Sd a&G;cs,Ei&efjzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qENray;
k f
f
f G
f
f
f kd f
J
ydici&ol jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. rlvvl@tcGita&;rsm;udk umuG,ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? od@k jzpf&m
k f G hf dS
hf
f
v#Kd Œ0SuqENrjJ zifh a&G;aumufwifajrmufxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; ay:ay:
f
‡
f
kd f
f
336

337. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
xifxif vufrwa&;xd;k cdi;f aom pm&Gupmwrf;rsm;jzifh t,Ht=unfr&S[qjkd cif;/ aqmif&ujf cif;
S f
k
f
k
d k
G
onf +cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m;aomenf;vrf;jzifh w&m;Oya'rJðh yusijhf cif;omjzpfonf?
8?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg jyÏmef;csufrsm;udkvspfvsL±_+yD; rdrdxifjrif
oabm&onftwdi;f t,Ht=unfr&S[k [pfatmfci;f jcif;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG
h k
k
d
kd
f
Oya'. &nf&,csu/f jyÏmef;csursm;udk qef@usi&ma&mufojzifh ,if;aqmif&ucsuonf Oya'
G f
f
f
G f f
oabmt& rlvueOD;uyif ysujf y,faeygonf? rlvueOD;uyif Oya't&ysujf y,faeaom/
Oya'tmedoifr&Saom aqmif&ucsursm;jzifh w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm;
d
G f f
f
kd f
f
t,Ht=unfr&S[k t"rRvy}f uH[pfatmfjcif;onf w&m;Oya'udk csKd ;azmufjcif;omjzpfonf?
k
d
k
9?
vuf&dS w&m;Oya'jzpfaom Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ediiawmf
kfH
df
kfH
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp). Oya'trSwf - 14§89 jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;
D
f
aumufyOya'wGif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; wm0efrjS yefvnf±yor;f jcif;/ t,Ht=unfr&Sd
JG
f
kd f
f
kf d
k
tqdwifoi;f qH;k jzwfjcif;r&Syg?
k
G
d
10?
jrefrmEdii. Oya'ordi;f udk jyefvnfavhvm=unfv#if jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. zGŒJ pnf;
kfH
k
h
kfH
tkycsKyfytajccHOya' (1974) wGivnf; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; wm0efrjS yefvnf±yf
f Hk
f
f
kd f
f
k
odr;f jcif;qki&m jyÏmef;csuxnfoi;f owfrwxm;jcif;r&Syg?
df
f h G
S f
d
11?
jynfaxmifpq&,vpforRwjrefrmEdiiawmf zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya' (1974) Yom
k kd S f
kfH
k
tcef; (13)/ yk'r - 187 wGif wm0efrS jyefvnf±yor;f jcif;/ Ekwxujf cif;/ tpm;xd;k a&G;cs,wif
f
k f d
f G
f
ajr‡mufjcif;wd@k ujkd yÏmef;xm;onf? ,if;jyÏmef;csut&yif jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;vS,f -f
f
k f
-OD;tm; zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGejf cif;/ ay;tyfaom
k
f
f
wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ausyepmrxrf;aqmifjcif;/ tusipm&dwysujf ym;jcif;ta=umif;w&yf&yf
G f G
hf
W
a=umifom wm0efrS jyefvnf±yor;f vdv#if owfrwxm;aomOya'ESitnD wm0efrjS yefvnf±yf
h
kf d k
S f
hf
k
odr;f cGi&onf?
hf dS
12?
,ae@tajctaewGif jynfolrsm;ua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvkdufaom jynfolŒv$wf
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' yk'r - 3 jyÏmef;csuEihf v$wf
kd f
f
f
JG
f
fS
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;ukd (Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) ,ck Ediiawmfat;csr;f
dfH
f
kfH
om,ma&;ESizŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpw@kd u aqmif&uay;jcif;r&Sojzifh a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfrS (10) ESpcef@
hf
D
G f
d
f
=um+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; v$wawmftaqmifta,mifjzifh uwdopPmqkjd cif;/ vufrwa&;xd;k jcif;yif
f
S f
rðy&ao;yg?
13?
Todk@aomtajctaewGif jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lusif;y+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmf.
qk;H jzwfcsut& jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qGciyif r&Sd
f
f
kd f
f
H
J G hf
337

338. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
ojzifh zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csuw&yf&yfukd azmufzsuusL;vGeEip&mta=umif;r&Syg?
H
f
f
f dk f
d
tvm;wlyif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf uwdopPmqkjd yD; vufrwa&;xk;d I rdrw@dk
f
kd f
f
S f
d
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ae&mudyifr,l&ao;aom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,onf ay;tyfaom
f
kd f
f
k
f
kd f
f
wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ausyepmrxrf;aqmifjcif;rqkxm;bd/ v$wawmftpnf;ta0;yif wuf
G f G
d
f
a&mufcir&ao;yg? v$wawmfu,pm;vS,wm0efyif rxrf;aqmif&ao;onftwGuf wm0ef
G hf
f
kd f
f
h
xrf;aqmifqumv tusipm&dwysujf ym;jcif;ta=umif;onfvnf;ay:aygu&ef ta=umif;vnf;
J
hf
W
f
r&Sdyg?
14?
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aom ,Ofaus;onfh vlŒtzGŒJ tpnf;wGif jynfovxtm; vdrvnft
l l k
f
ok;H cs+y;D Oya'csKd ; azguonfvy&yfrsm;Y yg0ifapjcif;r&Syg// usi0wfoumt&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;
f h kf
d
hf
d Q
Oya'pHEe;f t&vnf;aumif; t&nftaoG;edrusaom &mZ0wf*%;f om;rsm;om Oya'csKd ;azmuf
_
hf
kd
onfh vky&yfrsm;udvuf&Zuf&usL;vGeavh&ayonf/ Oya'csKd ;azguo[onfh Oya'opPmw&m;.
f
k
J
J
f dS
f l l
'%fcwfrutqk;H wae@wif rkcsraoG&ifqi&rnfomjzpfonf//
_ kd
G
kd f
15//
xk@d a=umifh w&m;0ifjynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; raxmufcawmha=umif;qkd
$ f
kd f
f
H
onfw&m;Oya'udk ajymif;ajymif;wif;wif; csKd ;azmufaomvky&yfjzpfonfh vlwpkukd tEkiusihf
h
f
df
vSnpm;+yD; vufrwa&;xk;d cdi;f jcif;/ pk±;Hk atmf[pfjcif;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI jzpfay:vmrnfh tusKd ;
hf
S f
k
qufrsm;udk wm0ef&otm;vk;H Oya't& wm0ef,&rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmvkuonf?
dS l
l
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f waygif;vjynfausmf (10) &uf?
S
h
2000 jynfEp/f rwfv (29) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
338

339. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 11 ( 4§00 )
1?
&efuewuUovausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;aexdi&m ordi;f 0iftaqmifrsm;udk ±H;k cef;
kf
kd f
kf
k
rsm;tjzpf toH;k ðyawmhrnfjzpfa=umif;=um;od&onf?
2?
&efuewuUovausmif;om;/ ausmif;olw@kd . ynma&;vdtyfcsursm;tay: awmif;qdk
kf
kd f
k
f
qENjyr_tm; ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f jcif;rðybJ 1996 ckEpf / 'DZifbmvrSpI &efuewuUovukd
S
k f
kd f
ppftm%m&Sirsm;u ydwxm;cJonfrm (3) ESpausm+f yjD zpfaomfvnf; ,ae@txd jyefvnf zGivpf
f
f
h
S
f
hf S
ay;jcif;r&Sdao;acs?
3?
jyefvnfzivpay;jcif; r&S±r#ru 30-3-2000 &ufae@wiðf yvkyaom wuUov0ef
G hf S f
d kH
G
f
kd f
xrf;rsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif &efuewuUov. ordi;f 0ifvaeaqmifrsm;udk wuUov. ±H;k cef;rsm;
kf
kd f
k
l
kd f
tjzpf ajymif;vJtoH;k ðyawmhrnfjzpfa=umif;/ &efuewuUovygarmuQcsKyu w&m;0ifajym=um;cJh
kf
kd f
f
onf[=k um;od&onf?
4?
=um;od&onfowif;rsm;t&/ &efuewuUov. acwftqufquf ausmif;om;rsm;
h
kf
kd f
aexdicaom vlaeaqmifrsm;udk ±H;k cef;rsm;tjzpf atmufygtwdi;f ajymif;vJypfrnf[k od&&onf?
k f hJ
k
dS
- yJc;l aqmifukd aiGpm&if;Xme
- yif;,aqmifukd ±H;k csKyfEihf taxGaxGXme
S
- ppfui;f aqmifukd tif*sie,m±H;k Xme
kd
f D
- tif;0aqmifukd pm=unfwuEihf okwynmXme
h kd f S
- '*Haqmifukd jrefrmpmXme
k
- a&$baqmifukd a&S;a[mif; okawoeynmXme
kd
- &wemaqmifukd 'eduESihf Ediiwumqufqa&;ynmXme±H;k rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ
kfH
H
toH;k ðyrnf[qonf? yJc;l aqmifrm AdvcsKyfatmifqef; wuUovausmif;om;b0u aecJaom
k kd
S k f
kd f
h
taqmifjzpfa=umif;od&&onf?
dS
5?
,cktcgwif ppftm%m&Sirsm;u ppfwyftwGuzivpxm;onfh wuUovrsm;/ aum
G
f
f G hf S f
kd f
vdyrsm;/ oifwef;ausmif;rsm;Y acwfroif=um;r_taxmuftulypPn;f rsm;pHpvifvifjzifh oD;jcm;
f
D
k kH
vlwef;pm;w&yftjzpf txl;ðyoif=um;ay;aeaomfvnf; jynfovx.om;orD;rsm;jzpf=uaom
l l k
rsKd ;qufopfvi,fwuUovausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;rSm wuUovausmif;rsm;ydwxm;jcif;
l
kd f
kd f
f
cH&ojzifh rdrw@kd b0.tem*wf aysmufq;kH vsu&ayonf? od@k twGua=umifvnf; vlom;t&if;
d
f dS
f
h
tjrpfrsm;jzpfaom ,ae@ausmif;om;vli,fw@kd . pdw"gwa&;&mrsm;ysujf ym;vsu&aeonfukd
f f
f dS
339

340. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
txift&Sm;awGŒjrifae&onf?
6?
EdiiwEdii. acwfrzŒHG òz;d wd;k wufa&;onf vlom;&if;jrpfzŒHG òz;d wd;k wufa&; wenf;tm;
kfH kfH
D
jzifh Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k &Sd wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d / vli,ftm;vH;k wd@k . zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufa&;ESihf wqufwpyfwnf;
kfH
k
jzpfayonf? ppftm%m&Sirsm;u oD;jcm;cGxwf arG;jrLavhusioif=um;ay;aom vli,fwpk.
f
J k
hf
zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;r#jzifh jrefrmwEdiiv;kH / acwfrzŒHG òzd;wd;k wufrrjzpfEiay? vli,fausmif;om;xk
kfH
D
_
kd f
tm;/ ,if;ok@d cGjJ cm;ðypkysKd ;axmifrrsm;onf wae@aomtcgwif trsKd ;om;aoG;uGrEihf rke;f wD;r_rsm;
_
G
J_S
udyifjzpfay:vmEdionfuowdðyoifonf?
k
kf
kd
h
7?
tcsKd ŒEdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfrsm;u jrefrmEkiitm; ynma&;ESioufqiaom aiGa=u;t
kf
k
dfH
hf
kd f
axmuftyHrsm; ynmoif=uma&;taxmuftulypPn;f rsm;ay;vd=k uonf[=k um;od&onf? od@k
h
aomf txufygtðytrlrsm;ud=k unfv#if ,ckuo@kd ppftm%m&Sipepfatmufwif yHy;kd ay;vduf
h
hJ
f
G h
k
aomtaxmuftyHrsm;onf wdi;f jynfEivxtwGuf r#r#ww vH;k 0rjzpfEibJ tusKd ;&S&dS tusKd ;
h
k
S hf l k
kd f
d
tjrwfjzpfxe;f r_uif;rJum ta[modujH zpfz,&mom&Sayonf?
G
h
G f
d
8?
jrefrmEdiiwuUovausmif;om;rsm;. acwftqufquf ynm&nfE@kd aomufp@kd &m
kfH
kd f
Xme}uD;jzpf±r#ru/ jrefrmEdiivwvyfa&;&&S&ef toufpe@f aqmif&ucaomacgi;f aqmifrsm;udk
kH
kfH G f
d
G
G f hJ
arG;xkway;&mvnf;jzpfI/ trsKd ;om;a&;udvyE;d_ ay;vduaom 1920 jynfEpf wuUovausmif;
f
k _f
k f
hS
kd f
om;oydw}f u;D ay:aygu&mXme}u;D jzpfonfh ordi;f 0if &efuewuUov}f u;D tm; ,ckuo@kd yHzsu/f
f
k
kf
kd
hJ k
±kyajymif;ypf&efppOfjcif;onf trsKd ;om;a&;udk opPmrapmifaom vky&yfyifjzpfonf? 1962 ck/
f
D
h
f
Zlviv twGi;f u vGwvyfa&;ordi;f 0if/ wuUovordi;f 0if wuUovor*~taqmuftOD;}u;D udk
kd f
f
k
kd f k
kd f
rdi;f cGJ òzzsuc+hJ y;D / ,cktcg ordi;f 0if&efuewuUov}f u;D wckv;kH udk wdrðf ryfom;atmifzefw;D jcif;rSm
k
d f
k
kf
kd
G
jrefrmhordi;f tppftrSersm;udk ajrðryfypf&ef&nf&,&if;jzpfonf?
k
f
G f
9?
,if;vky&yfu=kd unfv#if &efuewuUovukd jyefvnfrzGiawmhrnft&dyvuQ%myif
f
h
kf
kd f
hf
h
f
jzpfonf? tu,fI wuUovrsm;jyefvnfzivpv#ivnf; ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjcm;a0;vH
kd f
G hf S f f
aomae&mrsm;od@k oGm;a&mufausmif;wuf&ygu p&dwtvGe}f u;D jrifvojzifh ausmif;om;trsm;
f
h S
pktaejzifh ausmif;qufvufrwufa&mufEiatmifðyvkyjf cif;jzpfonf? Tonfrm ynmwwfvl
kd f
S
wef;pm;ray:ayguatmif [ef@wm;jcif;jzpfonf? od@k twGuf ynmwwfausmif;om;xkukd csKd ;ESrf
f
d
aom Tvky&yfukd jyif;xefpmuef@uuvuonf?
f
G
G f kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmf ud,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
k f
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f aESmif;wefc;vqef; (4) &uf?
S
l
2000 jynfEp/f {_yDv (7) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
340

341. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 12 (4§00)
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonfh OD;at;omatmiftm;
f
kd f
24-4-2000 &uf ae@/ nae (18;30) em&Dcef@wif ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u rw&m;Oya'rJh
G
S
twif;t"rRzrf;qD;+yD; rod&onfae&mwcko@kd ac:aqmifom;onf[owif;&onf?
h
G
k
2?
(u) OD;at;omatmifonf twGi;f a&;rª;wm0eftjyif ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0if
k f
G
aom - &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf
k
kd
- &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
- rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G
f
kd
- Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf
k
f
æ rsm;jzpfonfh wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEiia&;ygwrsm;udk ud,pm;ðyonfh ud,pm;vS,f
d
kd f H
D
k f
k f
vnf;jzpfonf?
(c) ‚if;jyif tqkygy*Kd~ vfonf &cdi'rua&pDtzJŒG csKyf Ediia&;ygw. twGi;f a&;rª;vnf;
d k
k f D kd
kfH
D
jzpfonf?
3?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwiyg0ifonfh &cdi'rua&pDtzJŒG csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;
f
kd f
Gf
k f D kd
f
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufw@kd rS OuUÏ}u;D rsm;onf ppftm%m&Sirsm;u rw&m;
kd
k
f
f
Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif xdr;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk cHpm;ae=u&qJjzpfonf?
4?
jrefrmEdiiukd ppfreaomjynfaxmifpEiiawmftjzpf zJŒG pnf;wnfaqmuf&mwGif wdi;f
kfH
Sf
k kd f H
k
&if;om;vlrsKd ;pktm;vH;k ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEiia&;ygwrsm; yl;aygi;f yg0ifrom atmifjrifx
k
kd f H
D
S
ajrmufrnfjzpfayonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ck/ wefc;vjynfausmf (7) &uf?
l
h
2000 jynfEp/f {jyDv (25) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
341

342. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 13 (4§00)
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;omatmiftm; Oya'rJh zrf;qD;jcif;
ESihf ywfoufaom 25 - 4 -2000 &ufpyg a=unmcsutrSwf - 12 (4§00) ESihf wJI zwf±yg&ef)
GJ
f
G
_
1?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfaom OD;at;omatmiftm; (24
f
kd f
- 4 -2000 ) &ufae@u ppftm%m&Sirsm;tzJŒG rS/ ppfaxmufvr;f a&;tzJŒG 0ifrsm;u Oya'rJrw
f
S
h
&m;/ twif;t"rRzrf;qD;&mwGif zrf;0&rf;ryg/ &SmazGyprygbJ wtdrv;kH ud0ifa&mufI ar$aESmuf&m
kH H
f
k
S
azG+yD; pm&Gupmwrf;tcsKd Œudk ,laqmifom;onf[o&onf? ‚if;tjyif ppftm%m&Sirsm;u
f
G
k d
f
rw&m; Oya'rJzrf;qD;jcif;onf tcseumvtuef@towfrnfr#=umrnf[k rnfonfh tcgur#r
h
df
od&acs?
2?
jynforsm;udk rw&m; Oya'rJtwif;t"rR zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaejcif;jzifh wdi;f jynfwif
l
h
k
G
jzpfysuaeaom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&; tp&donfh jyemaygi;f pHukd
f
kfH
_
S
k
ajz&Si;f I&Edirnfr[kwa=umif;a=unmvduonf?
kf
f
k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f wefc;vjynfausmf (9) &uf?
S
l
h
2000 jy!fEp/f {_yDv (27) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
342
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

343. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ q,feSpfajrmufa-unmcsuf
a-unmcsuftrSwf 14 (5§00)
(rSwcsu? ? 1999 ck/ arv 27 &ufae‹wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwuxkwjf yefconfh
f f
G
f
dk f
D D
hJ
a-unmcsutrSwf 33 (5§99)ukvnf; jyefvnf avhvmyg&ef)
f
d
§
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyudk 1990 jynfEpf arv 27 &ufae@uusi;f y+yD;pD;cJonf?
D Hk D dk
JG
h S
h
,ae@onf 2000 jynfEp/f arv (27) &ufae@o@dk csO;f eif;0ifa&mufvmonfa=umifh q,fEpwif;
hS
Sf
wif;jynfajrmuf+yDjzpfayonf? a&G;aumufyukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya't& usi;f y
h
JG
f
JG
ay;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? TOya'. t"duta&;}u;D onfjh yÏmef;csurm jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
fS
f
kd f
rsm;ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfuzŒJG pnf;&efjzpfayonf? 'Drua&pD.tajccHjzpfaom jynfoŒl
f
dk
dk
v$wawmfay:ayguvmrSomv#if ygwp'rua&pDvnf;ay:xGe;f vmrnfjzpfayonf? od@k aomf
f
f
D Hk D dk
q,fEp=f um+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ppftm%m&Sirsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;ESihf
S
f
f
ywfoufI ,if;wk@d xwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'ukd ,if;wk@d u,wif odumrJpmcsKd ;azguaeonf?
k
dk f dk
Q h G
f
wki;f jynfordi;f twGuvnf;aumif;/ aemifvmaemufom;wk@d twGuvnf;aumif;/ vk;H vk;H vsm;
d
k
f
f
vsm; tusn;f weft±kyq;dk vSonferlemqk;d jzpfayonf?
f
h
q,fESpfwmoufwrf;qkdonfrSm wkdawmif;vSonfr[kwf? uav;oli,frsm;yif ausmif;ae/
ausmif;wuf=uum tawG;tac:/ tajrmftjrif/ tod^m%f/ rSw^m%frsm; &Soifoavmuf&ae
f
d h
dS
onftcsetwki;f twmyifjzpfonf? rnfonfudk ðyusivyaqmifv#if oifrnf§roifrnf/
h d f d
hf k f
h
h
aumif;onf qk;d onfw@dk udk a0zefyi;f jcm;wwf=u+yDjzpfonf? rdruay;xm;onfuwdysuv#if
dk
d
h
f
rnfo@dk aumif;usKd ;qk;d usKd ;cHpm;&rnfudk cGjJ cm;a0zefojd rifvmonftouft&G,yifjzpfayonf?
h
f
Tr#=um&Snvmonhf q,fEpwmumvrSm jynfoŒl v$wawmfoufwrf; ESp}f udrf ok@d r[kwf
f
S f
f
ESp}f udrausmcef@ ay:aygujf zpfxe;f vmekiayonf? xktcseumvtwGi;f jynfoŒl v$wawmf.
f
f
G
df
d d f
f
w&m;0ifu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk
dk f
f
f
kd f
f
d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tygt0ifw@dk u awGŒqkaqG;aEG;=u+y;D / wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD
f
kd f
f
H
d
!Gwrwnfaqmufa&;twGuf twki;f twmwcktxd pGr;f aqmifEiavmufay+y? jynfovxu
f_
d
kd f
D
l l k
tmomirf;irf;tvk&aeonfh 'Drua&pDusipOfrsm; tjrpfw,pjzpfaernf? pD;yGm;a&;onf wk;d
d dS
dk
hf
G f
wufzŒHG òzd;oifoavmuf wk;d wufvm+yD; xko@dk wk;d wufvmonfEitr# ynma&;/ use;f rma&;
h
d
S hf
tp&Sonfh vlra&;rsm;onfvnf; òydiww;dk wufvmEkiayonf?
d
_
f l
df
wdi;f jynfvxonf 1962 ckEprpI ppftm%m&Sirsm;. twif;t"rR/ rw&m;tkycsKyfrudk ,ae@
k
l k
SfS
f
f _
343

344. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
wkicae=u&onfa=umif/h a&G;aumufy.&v'ft&/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvmrSom
dfH
JG
f
f
ppftm%m&SipepfaysmufysuI 'Drua&pDusipOft& jynfovxawmif;waom jynfovxu
f
f dk
hf
l l k
l l k
wifajr‡mufonfh jynfolvlxktwGufjzpfaom jynfolvlxktpkd;&ay:xGef;vmrnfjzpfayrnf?
ok@d aomf v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Say?
f
f
d
wki;f jynfEihf jynfovxtm;vk;H twGuf 'Drua&pDEiiay:xGe;f vm+y;D pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ use;f rm
d
S
l l k
dk
kd f H
_
a&;/ ynma&; tp&Sonftajctaersm; wk;d wufzŒHG òz;d vmrnfudk apwemrSe/f apwemaumif;xm;
d h
I r±_preionftm;avsmpmvnf;aumif;/ twWv;Hk vk;H qefaeonfa=umifvnf;aumif;/ oHudk
d fh dk f h
f G
h
oHacs;zsu/f vlutm%muzsuqonfpum;rsm;ukarhavsmum ppftm%m&Sirsm;onf rdrd
dk
f dk h
d
h
f
wk@d u,wixwjf yefonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfaumufyJG Oya'ygjyÏmef;csursm;ukd vspvsL±_/ csKd ;
dk f dk f k
f
f
f
azguI jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ray;bJxm;cJonf? xk@d a=umifh wki;f jynfwif Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;
f
f
h
d
G dfH
a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; tp&Sonfh jyemaygi;f pkonf wae@xufwae@ ykr±waxG;
_
d
H
d dk _ f
euf±i;f vmaeonf?
d_
Tae&mwGif a&G;aumufyEiywfoufI jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ukd xkwjf yefconf?
JG S hf
f
hJ
wki;f jynftm%mukd rw&m;/ Oya'rJh odr;f ,lc+hJ y;D xkae@ xk&ufjzpfaom 1988 ckEpf pufwifbmv
d
d
d
S
(18) &ufae@rpI ,ae@xufwif qufwuwm0ef,aeonfh ppftm%m&SitzGŒJ . =oZmt&Sq;Hk
S
dk
dk f
l
f
d
jzpfol twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u 1990 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wif ajym=um;csursm;ukaz:
hS
G
f
d
xkwvuonf? tm%m&SitzGŒJ . twGi;f a&;rª;u ajym=um;xm;onfjzpfI tzGŒJ wckv;Hk . ajymp
f dk f
f
um;rsm;yif jzpfayonf?
“æ tckvdk vGwvyf+y;D / w&m;r#wr_&whJ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D uk/d
f
dS
D Hk D dk
rlvowfrwxm;wJtwki;f atmifatmifjrifjrifusi;f yay;cJwm[m e0wtzGŒJ taeeJ@ tm%m
S f
h d
h
v$ajymif;ay;csiv@dk yJ vkyay;cJjh cif;jzpfygw,f? tm%mv$ay;zd@k qENr&Sb;l / &nf&,csur&Sb;l qk&if
J
f
f
J
d
G f f d
d
tJ'D a&G;aumufyJG vkyay;p&mta=umif;r&db;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f? æ”
f
S
“æ EkdifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;/ &moufyeftm%mukd
qkyuixm;vkw,fqwhJ pGypcsuawG[m tcktxd rukeao;ygb;l ? Ekiiawmftm%mukd &mouf
f fdk f
d
dk
f JG f
f
dfH
yef qkwuixm;vkw,fq&if jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd tckvdk óu;d óu;d pm;pm;vkyay;
f dk f
d
dk
f
f
p&mta=umif;r&Sdygbl;/ ekdifiHawmftm%mukdv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvkd@om a&G;
aumufy}JG uD;ukd ðyvkyay;cJwmyJjzpfw,fqwm oabmayguoifygw,f? æ”
f h
dk
f h
Tajym=um;csursm;ESihf ppftm%m&SitzGŒJ rsm;.vkyaqmifrrsm; vkuavsmnDaxGr_ &S§r&Sd
f
f
f
_
d f
d
344

345. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
qkonfudk qef;ppf&efvvmayonf? qef;ppf&&Scsursm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpfonf?
d
dk
d f
(1) jynfo@l vwawmfa&G;aumufyOya't&/jynfo@l vwawmfuac:,lz@JG pnf;r_rjyKjcif;/
$ f
JG
$ f
dk
(2) 1990jynfEpf Zlviv (27) &ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESihf qef@
hS
dk f
G
f
usionfh a=unmcsuf trSwf 1§90 ukd xkwjf yefconf? ekiia&;ygwrsm;ukd twif;
f
hJ
dfH
D
t"rR vufrwa&;xk;d apcJaomfvnf; ,if;a=unmcsut& jynfjh ynfppHk ðyvkyf
S f
h
f
h Hk
aqmif&urr&Sjd cif;?
G f _
(3) v$wawmfuac:,lay;&rnhtpm;/ zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya' a&;qGa&;twGuf
f
dk
f
f Hk
J
rlrsm;csrw&ef[q+dk y;D / trsKd ;om;nDvmcHw&yfudk 1993 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (9) &ufae@rS
S f k
S
D
pIusi;f yaeonfrm ,ae@wiatmifjrifrr&S/d tqk;H rowfEibJ jzpfaejcif;? tqkyg
S
dk f
_
dk f
d
trsKd ;om;nDvmcH. 'Drua&pDEiqef@usionfh OD;wnfcsuw&yfjzpfaom “tem*wf
dk
S hf
f
f
Ekiiawmf. trsKd ;om;Ekiia&;OD;aqmifrtcef;u¾wGif wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;
dfH
dfH
_
aqmifeia&;” qkonfrm ygwp'rua&pDuacszsuypfvujf cif;?
dk f
d
S
D Hk D dk
dk
f
dk
(4) trSepifppftm;jzifh wki;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;jzpfaprnfvyief;&yfrsm; (tajccHOy'
f
d
h k f
a&;qJa&;tygt0if ) udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u jynfoŒl v$wawmf
G
f
dk f
f
f
wGiaqG;aEG;I/ uk,pm;vS,rsm;ua&;qGJ ok@d r[kwf oD;oef@tzG@J wzGŒJ zGŒJ pnf;I a&;qGJ
f
d f
f
a&;ponfw@dk udk vkyaqmif&rnfomjzpfjcif;?
f
(5) rdrwi;f jynfonff urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ csKyf. tzGŒJ 0ifEiiwEkiijH zpfaeygv#uf tzGŒJ
d dk
h k
kd f H d f
csKyf. taxGaxGnvmcHtoD;oD;/ tjynfjynfqi&mvlŒtcGita&;aumfr&Sit
D
dk f
hf
f
pnf; ta0;toD;oD;/ tjynfjynfqi&mtvkyorm;tzGŒJ }u;D . tpnf;ta0;rsm;.
dk f
f
qk;H jzwfcsursm;ukd rdrEiionf urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ }u;D wGif rdom;pkEiijH zpfaeonf
f
d dk f H
h k
dk f
ukarhaysmufvsuf vkyaqmifray;jcif;/ qef@usiaejcif;?
d
f
f
(6) jynfovx. 'Drua&pDa&;twGuf ppfreonfqENudk rsuu,ðf y/ vspvsL±_xm;jcif;?
l l k dk
Sf h
f G
f
(7) ppftm%m&Siw@kd . t±kyq;dk / twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJ/h tkycsKyfjcif;cH&r_ray:xGuvm
f
f
f
S
f
onfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[onfh tvif;a&mifjcnfuav;ukd
D Hk D dk
JG l
,ae@wif viykwzrf;qD;xm;ouJo@dk trkuarSmiftwdjzifz;Hk tkyxm;jcif;?
G
f
h
d f
h
f
(8) wki;f jynftycsKyorsmtaejzifh ay;xm;onfuwdu0wfrsm;ukd edrusorzsi;f pGm rav;
d
kf f l
h
hf d f
pm;/ rvduembJ rsuu,ðf yvsuf wki;f jynf.orki;f ukd trnf;uGu}f u;D a&;qGaejcif;?
k f
f G
d
d
J
ppftm%m&Siw@dk onf ,if;wk@d a&;qGxwjf yefxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg
f
J k
f
jyÏmef;csursm;ukd odum&Spmjzifh taumiftxnfaz:ay;&rnfjzpfonf? ok@d aomf Tok@d vyaqmif
f
Q dG
kf
ay;&rnftpm; jynfovxu rdr.vGwvyfaomoabmqENt& wcJeufaxmufcqENray;+y;D
h
l l k
d
f
H J
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ukd twif;t"rR Oya'rJ/h
f
kd f
f
rw&m;/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;ukd odrzsi;f / ,kwnpmaqmif&uaeonf?
f
f Hh G
G f
345

346. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
Tok@d aomvky&yfrsm;onf rdrwi;f jynfvxtay:wGivnf;aumif;/ urBmEiitoD;oD; tv,f
f
d dk
l k
f
h kd f H
wGivnf;aumif;/ vdrnmvSnjhf zm;/ odumusonfh vkyief;&yfrsm;jzpfonf? Ttqd;k rsm;aysmuf
f
f
Q
f
ysuom;ap&ef/ odumq,f&ef/ ppftm%m&Siw@dk onf rdrw@dk uxkwjf yefxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wf
f G
Q
f
d
awmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
ukac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef av;av;eufeufwuwe;f vkuonf?
d
dk f G d f
1990 jynfEp/f a&G;aumufyonf jynfovx. w&m;aomawmif;qkcsursm;ukd a&SmifvI
h S
JG
l l k
d f
J$
r&onfa=umifom ay:ayguvm&jcif;jzpfonf? ok@d twGuf a&G;aumufy.&v'fjzpfaom jynfoŒl
h
f
JG
v$wawmfay:aygua&;onf jynfoŒl qENEitnD rvGraoGtaumiftxnfay:vm&rnfjzpfay
f
f
h
S hf
J
onf? tu,fI jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sygu jynfovx.qENudk qef@usijf cif;
f
f
d
l l k
omjzpfayonf?
,if;ok@d jynfoŒl qENudk tcsetcg/ tajctaersm;ESihf ukunpmjznfqnf;ray;bJ tcse=f um
d f
d f D G
h
d
jrihpmqef@usixm;v#i/f jynfovx. qef@usiwe@f jyefronfvnf; tcse=f umjrihonfEitr#
fG
f
l l k
f k
_
d
f
S hf
ydIykI jyif;xefvmEkiayrnf? rJqEN&ijf ynfovxtaygi;f wk@d onfvnf; rdrw@dk . rlvar#mre;f csuf
k d
df
S
l l k
d
fS
jzpfaom ygwp'rua&pDEiiay:xGe;f a&; jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:aygua&;wGif rdrw@dk u,f
D Hk D dk
dk f H
f
f
d
dk
wkiwm0ef&=dS uayonf? &[ef;&Siv/l ausmif;om;/ jynfow@dk . toufaxmifaygi;f rsm;pGm paw;
df
f
l
cJ&+y;D rSay:ayguvmonfh 1990 jynfEpuusi;f yay;cJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
h
f
hSf
h
D Hk D dk
yG.&v'fudk rsu0g;xifxif/ yDyjD yifjyif taumiftxnfaz:ray;rcsi;f / aemufa&G; aumufyqonf
J
f
JG dk
ukd trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyu vk;H 0OkH vufcrnfr[kwa=umif; oHEÏmefcsxm;onf? xyfrH
dk
f
H
f
dM
Iukd jrefrmod/ urBmod/ a=unmvkuonf?
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f uqkevjynfausm(10) &uf?
S
f
h f
2000 jynfEp/f arv(27) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
dk
d
346

347. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 15 (8§00)
1?
1990 jynfEp/f arvwGiusi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif trsKd ;
hS
f
h
D Hk D kd
JG G
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS 392 OD;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrsm;jzpf=uaom &Sr;f wki;f &if;om; rsm;
kd
k
D
d
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS 23 OD;/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS 11 OD;/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ rS 5 OD;/
kd
k f D kd
f
kd
Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufrS (2) OD; jzpf=uukeaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;rsm;tm;
k
f
f
f
kd f
f
oufqi&mjynfovxrqEN&irsm;u vGwvyfI r#wpGm jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmf
dk f
l l kJ Sf
f
f
kd f
f
}uD;rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=hJ uonf? pkpaygi;f ud,pm;vS,O;D a&onf (433) jzpf+yD;
k
k f
f
a&G;aumufyusi;f yonfh rJqENe,fajrrSm (485) jzpfonfa=umifh &mcdiEe;f 89 ²28 jzpfayonf?
JG
kf _
2?
Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ae@wjzpfvJ Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,m
kfH
df
kfH
a&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp)u ,if;wd@k xkwjf yefxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' (31D
f
JG
5-89 &ufp) . tcef; (2) v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ yk'r - 3 t&/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfudk ac:
JG
f
f
f
,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
3?
od@k aomf a&G;aumufy+JG y;D I rnfonfy*K~d v}f u;D rsm;onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
hk
f
kd f
awmf}uD;rsm;jzpf=uonf[k oufqi&mtm%mydiw@kd u w&m;0ifa=unmcJ@aomfvnf; ,ae@
kd f
kf
wdiatmifyif (q,fEpausmveae+yD) ppftm%m&Siw@kd onf ,if;wd@k xwjf yefxm;aom Oya'
kf
S f
f G f
f
k
ygjyÏmef;csursm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif;csKd ;azmufI jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;jcif;
f
f
r&Sao;ay?
d
4?
(u) 4if;jyif txufwiaz: jyxm;aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEiia&;ygwrsm;u EdiiH
Gf
k
kd f H
D
kf
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpOuUÏ xHo@kd 6-6-1988 &ufpjJG zifh atmufyg tcsuf
D
rsm;yg&onfh pmwapmifukd ay;yd@k cygonf?
dS
hJ
“ æ u|Eyw@kd onf jynfaxmifp}k u;D .tusKd ;udO;D xdyxm;v#uf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifh
kf f
k
f
jrwfa&;twGuf pdwapwemaumif;jzifwifjyygonf? æ”
f
h
“ æ a&G;aumufy&v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf raz: Ediao;jcif;onf jrefrmho
JG
kf
rdi;f wGif trnf;puf}u;D jzpfaeygonf? xdtrnf;puf}u;D udk acszsuEi&efrm a&$;aumufy&v'fukd
k
k
f kd f S
JG
tjref qH;k aumiftxnfaz:ay;&efEihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:ay;&efrty tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Say?
S
f
S
d
æ”
“ æ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiwif vuf&Eiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESihf wdi&if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;t
kfH G
dS kd f H
kf
347

348. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a&;wd@k ukd rajz&Si;f Ediao;bJ t=uyftwnf;aygi;f pHEihf óuHawGŒae&aomumvjzpfayonf? æ”
kf
k S
“ æ u|Eyw@kd tm;vH;k onf jynfaxmifp}k u;D ESiwuG/ jynfovxtay:xm;&Saom apw
kf f
hf
l l k
d
emrSejf zifh rmefrmeESihf tmCmww&m;uif;rJpm ajz&Si;f ausmjf zwf=uv#if t=uyftwnf;rSeor#
hG
f
udk ratmifjrifEip&mr&S[k tav;teuf,=kH unfpmjzifh wduwe;f wifjytyfayonf?æ”
kd f
d
G
k f G
(c) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuvnf; Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
kd
kfH
aumifpD OuUÏ xHo@kd 23-6-1988 &ufpjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$wawmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya't&vnf;
f
aumif;/ ppft%m&Siw@kd . uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ 21-8-1998 &ufae@ rwdirDS jynfoŒl
f
kf
v$wawmfuac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef wduwe;f awmif;qdconf?
f
kd
k f G
k hJ
5?
od@k aomf ppftm%m&Siw@kd u txufyg pmrsm;ESiywfoufI rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;jyef
f
hf
=um;csuray;cJay? Tod@k jynfoŒl v$wawmf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef ysuuujf cif;onf jynfoŒl vl
f
h
f
f G
xk.qENukd rsuu,ðf y&mod@k a&mufonfomru ppftm%mydiw@kd taejzifh wdi;f oljynfom;
f G
kf
k
w&yfv;kH tm;ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmufvujf cif;jzpfonf? xda=umifh wdi;f &if;om;
kd
k
k
vlrsKd ;pkEiia&;ygwrsm;/ tjcm;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf woD;yk*v jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
kd f H
D
kfH
D
~
f
kd f
f
tm;vH;k wd@k tay:wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESiywfoufI rJqEN&irsm;ESihf jynfovx.
f
hf
Sf
l l k
qENt& wm0efusa&mufonfa=umifhvnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg
jyÏmef;csursm;udk xde;f odr;f umuG,f apmifa&Smufay;&rnfh wm0ef&onfa=umifvnf;aumif;/
f
h
Sd
h
(16-9-1998)&ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJonf?
G
f
kd f
h
6?
tqdkyg jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkygwDrsm;jzpf
=uaom/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
k
kd
k f D kd
f
kd
tzGŒJ ESihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufygwrsm;udk ud,pm;ðyonfh OD;at;omatmif (twGi;f a&;rª;/ &cdif
k
f
D
k f
k
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf) ESihf OD;oef;xGe;f (A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0if/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf)
kd
k
f
kd
wd@k u twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif&u=f uonf?
G
7?
txufwiaz: jyxm;onfh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk ygwrsm;udk ud,pm;ðyonftjyif aumf
Gf
k
D
k f
h
rwD.twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonfh OD;at;omatmif tm; 14/4/2000 &ufae@wif ppftm%m&Sirsm;u
G
f
rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/ csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;oGm;+yD; 7/ 6/2000 &ufae@Y ppftm%m&Siw@kd u
f
rw&m;/ ESp&npm/ axmif'%ftESpf (21) csrwconf[=k um;od&onf?
f S f G
S f hJ
8?
OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyaESmifxm;onfae@rpI
f
h S
rw&m;tjypf'%fay;onfae@&ufuausmverom 27/ 7/ 2000 &ufae@wirS oufqi&mrdom;
h
kd
f GfS
Gf
kd f
pkrsm;ESiawGŒqHciðhf yonf? 4if;jyif tr_uppfaq;onftcgwivnf; rdr.ckcumuG,cihf twGuf
hf
kG
kd
h
Gf
d H
fG
a&SŒaewOD;wa,mufur# vduygcirðyonftjyif tusO;f enf;jzifh trsm;jynfoa&SŒarSmufwif
kd k f G hf
h
l
G
348

349. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
r[kwbJ }uD;av;onftjypfukd rw&m;csrwvujf cif;jzpfayonf?
f
h
S f kd
9?
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiwnfwci+f ra&;onf wdi;f &ifom;vlrsKd ;pktoD;oD;. pkaygi;f yg0if/
kfH
hH kd J
k
axmufctm;ay;/ ulnaqmif&uay;r_tay:wGif wnf&aeonfukd jynfow&yfv;kH u od&em;
H
D
G f
dS
l
dS
vnf=uonf? qdvonfrm wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&; cdicirmrm wnfaqmuf
k kd
S k
G f k f kd f
=u&rnfjzpfayonf? t"du wdi&if;om;Ediia&;ygwwckwif yg0ifvy&m;+yD;/ wdi;f &ifom;tcsi;f
kf
kfH
D
G
_fS
k
csif;t=um; aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;twGufvkyfaqmifaeaom OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifum }uD;av;aomtjypf'%fukd ppftm%m&Sirsm;uay;vdujf cif;onf wdi;f &if;
f
k
k
om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk ydrysujf ym;apojzifh jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
G f
k kdf
G
f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f 0gacgifvqef; (10) &uf?
S
2000 jynfEp/f -o*kwv (9) &uf?
S
f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 16 (8§00)
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ediia&;ygwjD zpfonf? 1990 ckEpf
kd
kfH
S
u usi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywi/f jynfovxu rdroabmqENt&
h
D kH D kd
JG G
l l k
d
vGwvyfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrmufay;vduonf? tzGŒJ csKyuu,pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf
f
‡
k f
f kd kd f
,SOòf yic=hJ uonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmf}u;D rsm;onfvnf; ppftm%m&Siw@kd . jyef
df
f
kd f
f
f
wrf;rsm;t&yif w&m;0ifu,pm;vS,awmf}uD;rsm;jzpfayonf?
kd f
f
349

350. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
od@k v}l uD;/ vlaumif; / vl*%wef yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
k f
f
kd f
vS,awmf}uD;rsm;udk (6 - 9 - 98) &ufae rpI ,ae xufwif ppftm%m&Sirsm;u rw&m;/
f
h S
h
kd
f
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJonf? tcseumvtm;jzifh (1)ESpf ESihf
h
d f
&ufaygi;f (345) &ufcef@ &Sae+yDjzpfonf? (2) ESpf jynf&ef &uf (20) omvdawmhonf?
d
h
k
TuJokd h tcseumv=umjrifpm rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/ zrf;qD;csKyaESmif/ xde;f odr;f
h
df
hG
f
xm;onfukd “{nfa*[mrsm;” wGixm;&SI “aqG;aEG;aeonf” [k t&Suuif;rJpm urBmod/ jref
h
f
d
f
hG
rmod ppftm%m&Sirsm;ua=unmcJonf? ‚if;jyif rdrrnfonftjypfuusL;vGerI Tod@k rw&m;
f
h
d
h
kd
fd
xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk um,uH&iy*Kd~ vf}uD;wd‹k tm;vnf;aumif;/ rdom;pkw‹kd tm;vnf;aumif;
Sf k
today;ajym=um;cJjh cif;r&Say? wrifoufouf tmCmwuif;&Si;f a&;/ o[Zmwjzpfay:a&; tp
d
&Sonfh rGejf rwfvaomrl0g'rsm;udcsrw+f y;D trsKd ;om;Ediia&;twGuf aqmif&uaeaom trsKd ;om;
d
S
k S
kfH
G f
'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftay: tmCmwjzifh ppftm%m&Sirsm;u ðyvkyaqmif&uaejcif;omjzpfonf?
kd
f
f
G f
*k%oa&&Sd jynfoŒl ud,pm;vS,awmf}uD;rsm;udk rnfonftjypfur#usL;vGejf cif;r&SygbJ
f
k f
f
h
kd
d
v#uEihf rw&m; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f jcif;ðyae+yD; ,cktcg xl;qef;vSonftjzpftysuf
f S
h
w&yfrm rE av;wdi;f / rdxvmòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
S
W
k
DW
f
kd f
awmf}u;D a'guwmode;f vGitm; tjypfr&SygbEihf (6-9-98) &ufae‹rS pwifzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;
f
f
d JS
+yD; 1-7-2000 &ufae@wiusrS rdxvm&Sd ppfaxmufvr;f a&;wyf trSwf (15) rS wyf=uyf}uD;
Gf
DW
S
wifat; qdou a'guwmode;f vGitm; “q&mhtm;v$wxm;jcif;r[kwyg (1950 - ckEp/f ta&;
k l
f
f
f
f
S
ay: pDrcsutufOya') yk'r (5) njzifh ,ref,I xde;f odr;f xm;qJjzpfa=umif;” [k jynfovxw
H f
f
l
l l k
&yfv;kH u &G&mrke;f wD;aeonfy'rudk wyfvua=umif;=um;od&onf?
H S
h k f
kd f
“{nfa*[mrsm;” wGixm;&SI “aqG;aEG;aeonf”[k ppftm%m&Sirsm;uajymqdjk cif;
h
f
d
f
onf zDvmuef‹vef‹ jzpfaea=umif;/ “aqG;aEG;aeonf” qdonfrmvnf; 6-9-98 &ufae@rS ,ae@
k
S
wdif r+yD;EdibjJ zpfaea=umif;/ rw&m;yk'rwyfjcif; tp&Sonfwkd ukd jyif;xefpm±_wcsvuonf?
k
kf
f
d
h
G
f kd f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEpf / 0gacgifvjynfh ?
S
2000 jynfEp/f -o*kwv(14)&uf?
hS
f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
350

351. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 17 (8§00)
w&m;0if &yfwnfaeaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu,pm;ðy+yD; 1990 jynfEpf
dk
kd dk f
h S
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif jynfovxu vGwvwvyfvyf a&G;aumufwif
D Hk D dk
JG G
l l k
f G f
ajrmufay;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0ifae=uonf? ‚if;jyif
‡
d f
f
kd f
f
ppftm%m&Siw@dk . a=unmcsursm;t& ydIyif w&m;0ifonfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf?
f
f
k
k f
f
xk@d o@kd w&m;0ifaeonhf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,awmf}u;D rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
f
kd f
f
f
kd f
vS,awmf}uD;rsm;.trsm;pkt& axmufccsujf zifom jynfoŒl v$wawmfOuUÏ }uD;uom E_wf
f
H
h
f
xGu/f xkwy,fEionftm%m&Sonf? tjcm;rnfour# E_wxuapjcif;/ xkwy,fEijf cif;
f
kd f h
d
l
f G f
f
dk
rðyvkyEiay?
f dk f
‚if;*k%oa&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;xJwif &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyi;f &yfapmufrqENe,frS jynf
f
G
kd
J
olvxu 'Drua&pDonf jynfovxxrqif;oufonf[aom 'Drua&pDusipOft& wcJeuf
l k
dk
l l k HS
l
kd
hf
qENray;vku+f yD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkuonfh a'guwmvS&evnf; wOD;yg0ifayonf?
J
d
d f
f
dS f
&yfapmufòrŒd e,fwif ppfwyfrS avhusia&;wyftoD;oD; tajrmuftjrm; pcef;csxm;onfh
G
hf
Axl;wyfòrdŒyg0ifonf? ‚if;pcef;rS wyfr;ª }uD;§i,f trdsK;rsKd ;uvnf;aumif;/ Ekiia&;udprsm;ESifh
dfH
P
rnfodk@r# roufqkdifonfh ppftm%m&Sifwkd@. tcdkif;tapvufyg;aprsm;jzpf=uaom }uH›§zGHŒ
0ifrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ a'guwmvS&etm; w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS
f
dS f
f
kd f
f
twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJh E_wxuap&ef enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzifh zdtm;ay;aeonf[=k um;od&onf? Tod@k
f G f
zdtm;ray;rD aiGa=u;jzihvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;tcGita&;rsm;ESivnf;aumif; jrLqG,I E_wxuf
f
hf
fh
f
f G
ap&ef jzm;a,mifconf[k =um;od&onf?
hJ
351

352. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
a'guwmvS&eonf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tjzpfrS E_wxuray;bJ
f
dS f
f
fkd f
f
f G f
}uH}› uHciciaeygv#if rw&m;,kwrmodrzsO;f aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfonfh rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;/ cspm
› dk f dk f
f
f
J
&Gursm;tp&Sonfh &mZ0wfjypfrruif;aomypPn;f rsm;udk wdwwqdwf (od@k r[kw) ajymifajymif
f
d
_
f
f
wif;wif; ypfoi;f jcif;rsm;ukd ppftm%m&Sirsm;uðyvkyI a'guwmvS&etm; jypfrajrmufatmif
G
f
f
f
dS f
_
tuGuqifp&mta=umif;&Saeonfa=umifh xko@kd vk;H 0rðyvky&ef av;eufpm óuwifowday;vkuf
f
d
d
f
G d
d
onf?
&yfapmufòrŒd e,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk wyfe,fr;ª u npfywfpmqJa&;wki;f xGm;+y;D rw
G
d
&m;ajcmufve@f ztm;ay;onfa=umifh a=umuf&ŒHG I tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tjzpfrS E_wxuvu&
S d
f G f dk f
a=umif;=um;od&onf?
ppftm%m&Sirsm;. txufygvy&yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpm ±_wcsvuonf?
f
k f
G
f dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f 0gacgifvqkwf (4) &uf?
S
2000 jynfEp/f -o*kwv (18) &uf?
hS
f
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csd onf?)
dk
352

353. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 18 (9§00)
,ae@ 16-9-2000 jynfae@onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG pnf;cJonfrm
h
f
kd f
h
S
(2) ESpwif;wif; jynfajrmufonfae@ jzpfonf?
f
h
h
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDukd rvGraoGzŒJG pnf;&onfta=umif;rsm;rSm f
dk f
J
h
(1) 1990 jynfEpf jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufy.&v'frsm; xif&m;ay:vGiae+yD;jzpf
hS
f
JG
S
f
aomfvnf; Oya't& jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvm&rnfjzpfonf? od@k aomf
f
f
ppftm%m&Sirsm;u ,if;wk@d xwjf yefxm;aom Oya'jyÏmef;csursm;udk odumrJpm
f
k
f
Q hG
azmufzsuI jynfoŒl v$wawmfuac:,lay;&efysuuujf cif;?
f
f
kd
f G
(2) jynfovxw&yfv;Hk u rdrEiiwif 'Drua&pDEihf vlŒtcGita&;rsm;ay:ayguap&ef
l l k
d dk f H G d kd
S
hf
f
tmomjyif;jyif;vktyfaeonfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvmrSom
d
f
f
v#if xkwaz:ay;Ekirnfjzpfjcif;?
f
df
(3) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,avmif;toD;oD;u a&G;aumufyJG rusi;f yrD jynfovl
f
kd f
f
l
xktm;ay;cJonfh uwdu0wfrsm;udjk znfqnf;ay;&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:
h
h
f
ayguvmrSomv#if ðyvkyaqmif&uEirnfjzpfjcif;?
f
f
G f dk f
(4) wki;f jynfwif wae@xufwae@ usqif;ysup;D ,d,i;f aeonfh Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
d
G
f k G
kfH
vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rm;a&;/ tp&Saom jyemtrsKd ;pkuajz&Si;f &ef jynfoŒl
_
d
H kd
v$wawmfw&yf rvGraoGay:aygu&efvaejcif;?
f
J
f
dk
(5) wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnwa&;ukd wki;f jynfwif rvGraoG jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef
d
G f
d
G
J
vkdtyfaejcif;/ wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfr_r&Sdygv#if rnfonfhenf;ESifhr# jynf
axmifpjk refrmEkiiawmfonf wnfwci+f rJjcif;&SEirnfr[kwjf cif;? pnf;vk;H nD!wf
dfH
hH dk
d dk f
G
r_ukd jynfoŒl v$wawmfwpf&yfay:ayguvmrSom wnfaqmufEirnfjzpfjcif;?
f
f
kd f
(6) wki;f jynf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk jynfoŒl v$wawmfrwqifh ckijf rJatmif aqmif
d
f
S
d
&Gu&efvtyfjcif;?
f
dk
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf}u;D urBmwnfoa&GΠwnfwci+f rap&ef wki;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;
kfH
hH dk J
d
nD!wrwnfaqmufa&;twGuf txl;vktyfonfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
G f_
d
f
kd f
udk atmufygwi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf zGŒJ pnf;cJonf?
dk
kfH
D
h
(1) &Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf- (jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f 23 OD; a&G;
d
kd
$ f
kd f
353

354. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(2) &cki'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
d f D kd
(3) rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
f
dk
(4) ZdrtrsKd ;om;uGe*&uf
kD
f
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)
- (jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f 11 OD; a&G;
$ f
kd f
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)
- (jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f 5 OD; a&G;
$ f
kd f
aumufwifajr‡mufjf cif;cH&onf//)
-(jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;vS,f 2 OD; a&G;
$ f
kd f
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)
xk@d a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfovxu rdr. vGwvyfaom
f
kd f
l l k
d
f
qENt& tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfovxrqif;oufonf[onft& jynfoŒl v$wawmf
l l k S
l
f
ud,pm;vS,f pkpaygi;f (433) OD;rsm;udk tajccHI zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh aumfrwDjzpfonf? rJqENe,f
k f
k
(485) &Sonfa=umifh &mckiEe;f tm;jzifh (89) ausmcef@&onf? tqkygjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
d
df_
f dS
d
f
kd f
vS,fawmfrsm;u jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yf tv#iftjrefay:ayguf&rnfudk rnfr#tav;xm;
a=umif;xif&m;aponf?
S
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDuzŒJG pnf;+yD; oufqi&mv$wawmfup&yfrsm;udk
f
kd f
kd
dk f
f
d P
yDyjD yifjyifaqmif&uEi&eftwGuf atmufygvwawmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wawmf
G f kd f
$ f
f
w&yfay:ayguvmonfae@txdzŒJG pnf;cJonf?
f
h
h
(1) wki;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD
d
(2) b¾m§pD;yGm;§ukeo,a&;&maumfrwD
f G f
(3) Oya'a&;&maumfrwD
(4) ynma&;&maumfrwD
(5) use;f rma&;/ vlra&;&maumfrwD
_
(6) Ekiiwumqufqa&;aumfrwD
dfH
H
(7) awmifov,form;a&;&maumfrwD
l
(8) tvkyorm;a&;&maumfrwD
f
(9) v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwD
f
(10) umuG,a&;&maumfrwD
f
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkii}H u;D wnfwci+f r&ef wdi;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;+y;D pnf;vk;H nD!wrwnf
df
hH kd J
k
G f_
aqmuf&ef txl;wvnfvtyfonfa=umifh wki;f &if;om;ud,pm;vS,wOD;jzpf+y;D &cdi'rua&pDzŒJG
dk
d
k f
f
k f D kd
csKyf.twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfol OD;at;omatmif
f
kd f
u wdi;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD.OuUÏtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf taxG
k
kd
axGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef,conf?
l hJ
354
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. (2) ESptwGi;f aqmif&urrsm;teuf rdrwi;f jynf
f
kd f
f
G f_
d kd

355. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
twGutxl;vdtyfonfh wki;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!wrwnfaqmufa&;aqmif&ucsuwif xif
f
k
d
G f_
G f f G
&Sm;pGmatmifjrifr&&Sconf? ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdi/f &Sr;f tp&Saom wdi;f &if;om;
_ d hJ
k
d
k
rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ,k=H unfr&vm=uonf?
_ dS
Tod@k aomatmifjrifr&v'frsm; ay:xGe;f vmonfukd ppftm%m&Sirsm;u remvk/d r±_prhf
_
f
d
I OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyaESmif+y;D axmif'%f (21) ESpf csrwconf? ppftm%m
f
S f hJ
&Sirsm;u wzufowf rw&m;Oya'rJvyaqmifcjhJ cif;jzpfayonf? vuf&tm%mudk rw&m;t
f
h k f
dS
vGetu|tok;H ðyvkujf cif;jzpfonf? OD;at;omatmif.ae&mwGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
f
H
d
dk
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf qufvufaqmif&uom;rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unm
G f G
vkuonf?
d f
jynfovxu vGwvyfIw&m;r#wpGmjzifh rdroabmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
l l k
f
d
vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;u wki;f jynf. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;
d f
f
G
f
kd f
f
d
kfH
a&;/ vlra&;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; tp&Sonfrsm;udk v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sojzifh ES;D aESm
_
d
f
f
d
aqG;aEG;I udiw,jf cif;rðyEdionfa=umifh tqkygu¾rsm;.tajctaeonf wae@wjcm; csKd Œ
kf G
kf
d
,Gi;f qk;d 0g;vm+yD;jzpfonf?
tqkygtajctaeqk;d rsm;&yfwom;ap&efrm jynfovxu jynfovxtwGuf a&G;
d
hH G
S
l l k
l l k
aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkuonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifzŒJG pnf;xm;onfh 'Dru
d f
f
kd f
f
h
kd
a&pDtpd;k &w&yf ay:ayguvmap&efjzpfonf? wki;f jynftwGuf txl;t"duusonfh vktyfcsujf zpf
f
d
d
ayonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:ayguvmjcif;r&Sao;or#umvywfv;Hk vuf&wi;f jynf. taxG
f
f
d
dS dk
axGtusytwnf;rsm;udk ukpm;Ir&Ediay?
f
kf
,ae@tajctaewGif 'Drua&pD tpd;k &rqkxm;bd jynfovxw&yfv;Hk vkvm;awmifw
kd
d
l l k
d
h
ar#mvifxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfyif a&G;aumufyusi;f y+y;D pD;I (10) ESpausmvm+y;D jzpf
f h
f
JG
f
f
aomfvnf; ay:ayguvmjcif;r&Say? ay:ayguvmjcif;r&SbJ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
f
d
f
d
f
kd f
f
onf tm%mydirsm;.vkyaqmifcsua=umifh atmufygtcuftcJrsm;ESi&ifqiae=u&onf?
kf
f
f
hf
dk f
(1) tcsKd ŒrSm rw&m; axmif'%fuscae&jcif;?
H
(2) tcsKd ŒrSm rw&m; twif;t"rR Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f cHae&jcif;?
(3) tcsKd Œudk +cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m; Ekwxuapjcif;?
f G f
‚if;*k%oum&Sd jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;/ OD;at;omatmifw@kd Eihf tusO;f uscae
f d Q
f
fkd f
f
S
H
&aom Ekiia&;tusO;f orm;tm;vk;H wk@d ukd c|i;f csur&Sd tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfvway;&ef jynfoŒl v$wf
dfH
f
G f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu ppftm%m&Sirsm;tm; av;av;eufeuf awmif;qkvua=umif;/
kd f
f
d dk f
‚if;jyif zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ E_wxuapjcif;vkyief;&yfrsm;udk taqmwv#if csucsi;f &yfqi;f &ef
f G f
f
f
dk
355

356. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
xyfrI av;eufpmwkuwe;f awmif;qkvuonf?
H
G d f G
d dk f
rnfo@dk yifjzpfap urBmordi;f a&pD;a=umif;t& jynfovxw&yfv;Hk . axmufctm;ay;r_/
h k
l l k
H
'Drua&pDvvm;onfh urBmEiirsm;.ulnrrsm;jzifh 'Drua&pDtpd;k &w&yf rvGraoGay:ayguvm
dk
dk
h kd f H
D_
kd
J
f
ap&rnf?
‚if;jyif jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yfay:aygufjcif;r&Sdor#umvywfvkH; jynfolŒv$wfawmf
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf &yfwnfaernfjzpfa=umif; xyfra=unmvkuonf?
k f
H
d f
1990 jynfEpf a&G;aumufy&v'fEitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfukd tjrefq;Hk zGŒJ pnf;ay;
hS
JG
S hf
f
&ef av;av;eufeufawmif;qkvuonf?
d dk f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1362 ckEp/f awmfovif;vjynfausmf (4) &uf?
S
h
2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
356

357. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 19 (9§00)
16/ 9/ 2000 jynfEp&ufaeŒu usi;yaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. (2)
hSf
f
f
kd f
ESpjf ynfajrmufonfaeŒtpnf;ta0;wGif csrwconfh qk;jzwfcsursm;?
h
h
S f hJ
H
f
1?
rw&m;ojzifh txfe;f todr;f cHae&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;ESiwuG
f
kd f
f
fh
Ekiia&; (tusO;f ) orm;rsm; tm;vk;H tm; tjrefq;Hk v$way;&ef?
dfH
f
2?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDEihf aumfrwDtzGŒJ cGrsm;u qufvufI v$wawmf
f
kd f
S
J
f
w&yf ay:ayguvmonftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifom;&ef?
f
G
3?
tem*wf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiH wnfwci+f rJw;dk wufa&;uda&S;±_I Ekiio/l Ediiom;
df
hH dk
k
dfH kfH
rsm;axmufc+H yD; urBmuav;pm;Ekirnfh EkiiawmftajccHOya'rl=urf;w&yfukd OuUÏ OD;atmif
df
dfH
a&$Eihf wki;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDwm0efcH a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@dk u a&;qG&ef?
S d
J
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1361 ckEp/f awmfovif;vjynfausmf (6) &uf?
S
h
2000 jynfEp/f pufwifbmv (18) &uf?
hS
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
357

358. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (9§02)
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD (4) ESpajrmuftxdr;f trSwae@ukd trsKd ;om;'Dru
f
kd f
f
f
dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (A[d) Y 16-9-2002 &ufae@wif usi;f ycJonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfr
k
G
h
f
kd f
wD.twGi;f a&;rª; OD;at;omatmifu,wiwufa&mufvmojzifh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
kd f kd f
omóuq=dk uonf? OD;at;omatmiftm; jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rª;
d
f
kd f
wm0efrsm;udk jyefvnfvtyfay;vkuonf? OD;at;omatmifuvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omvufc+H y;D
J$
d f
qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&uom;rnfjzpfonf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh 'Drkd
G f G
f
kd f
ua&pD&&Sonftxd rav#maomvk;H vjzifh qufvufaqmif&uom;rnfjzpf a=umif;a=unmtyf
d
h
G f G
ayonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1364 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (10) &uf?
S
2002 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcsonf?)
dk
d
358
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

359. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (10§02)
23-10-02 &ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD.tpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m
G
f
kd f
atmufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udcsrwvuonf?
f
k S f kd f
(1) OD;at;omatmiftm; jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rS;ª wm0efukd
$ f
kd f
qufvufay;tyfa=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
(2) (u) OD;at;omatmifonf &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. ud,pm;vS,tjzpf jynfoŒl
k f D kd
k f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&urnf?
f
kd f
G
G f
(c) OD;Edixe;f ode;f onf rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ . ud,pm;vS,tjzpf jynfoŒl
kf G
f
kd
k f
f
v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&urnf?
f
kd f
G
G f
(*) OD;cGexe;f OD; onf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. ud,pm;vS,tjzpf
f G
k
kd
k f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&urnf?
f
kd f
G
G f
(C) OD;ylusi&i;f xefonf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&uf. ud,pm;vS,tjzpf jynfoŒl v$wf
hf S
k
f
k f
f
awmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&urnf?
kd f
G
G f
(3) a'guwmOD;apmjratmifonf vsmxm;jcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmf OuUÏ tjzpf
f
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&urnf?
f
kd f
G
G f
(4) (u) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;wd;k csŒJ vufc&efq;kH jzwf
f
kd f
G
H
onf?
(c) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;0ifa&mufEi&ef
f
kd f
G
kd f
twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udka&;qGJ&ef OD;at;omatmiftm; wm0efay;tyf
a=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
(5) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyf&ef
f
kd f
qH;k jzwfonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1364 ckEp/f oDwif;u|wfvjynfausmf (2) &uf?
S
h
2002 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (23) &uf?
S
dk
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
359

360. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (10§02)
30-10-02
&uf a e@wG i f
jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD .
tpnf ; ta0;u
qH k ; jzwf c suf r sm;ud k
csrS w f v d k u f o nf ?
usif ; yaom
atmuf y g
(1) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDwif wjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;0ifa&mufEia&;twGuf
f
kd f
G
kd f
OD;at;omatmifa&;om;wifjyonfh &nf&,csu/f pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESiywfoufI tao;pdwaqG;
G f
hf
f
aEG;=uum jznfpujf cif;/ jyifqifjcif;rsm;jziftwnfðyonf?
h G
h
(2) tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;vufca&;twGuf (3) v tcseay;&ef?
H
d f
(3) jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jyifqifzŒJG pnf;&ef tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;vufc+H yD;aemufrS
f
xyfro;kH oyfq;kH jzwf&ef?
H
(4) jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. ajyma&;qdci&orsm;tjzpf aumfrwDOuUÏ OD;atmif
f
kd f
k G hf dS l
a&$Eihf twGi;f a&;rª; OD;at;omatmifw@kd tm; wm0efay;tyf&ef?
S
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1364 ckEp/f oDwif;u|wfvjynfausmf (10) &uf?
S
h
2002 ckEp/f atmufwbmv (31) &uf?
S
kd
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹csonf?)
dk
d
360

361. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
“ (56) ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae‹ a-unmpmwrf; ”
Tae@T&ufonf (56) ESpajrmuf jynfaxmifpae@jzpfayonf? azaz:0g&v (12) &ufae@o@kd
f
k
D
a&mufwi;f jrefrmEdiiwif Ediiawmftpd;k &taejzifvnf;aumif;/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;/ tzGŒJ tpnf;
kd
kfH G kfH
h
kfH
D
rsm;taejzifvnf;aumif; jynfaxmifpae@[I txdr;f trSwtcrf;tem;rsm;usi;f yavh&ay
h
k
l
f
dS
onf? jynfaxmifpae@ukd rnfo@kd yif wcrf;wem;*k%ðf ycs;D usL;ae=uaomfvnf; ,ae@umvY
k
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'w&yfudk zsufodrf;cHcJh&jcif;ESifhtwl
jynfe,frsm;ESihf aygi;f pyfzŒJG pnf;xm;onfh jynfaxmifp.toGio¾mefEihf tESpom&ygaysmuf
k
f
S
f
uG,c&onf? xd@k twl jynfaxmifppw"mwf wenf;tm;jzifh yifvpw"mwfonfvnf; arS;rSef
f hJ
kd f
kH d f
d
aysmufu,ve;D yg; tajctaeY&Saeayonf?
G f k
d
vly*Kd~ vftcsKd Œuvnf; yifvoabmwlncsuEihf yifvtajccHrrsm;ud/k wrsKd ;wrnf t"dyg` ,ouf
k
kH
D fS
kH
l
f
a&mufap&ef &nf&,csujf zifh ajymqda&;om;ae=uonftjyif wcsKd Œuvnf; yifvoabmwlnD
G f
k
h
kH
csuEihf yifvtajccHrrsm;udk ypfy,faoGznfvonfh oabmxm;jzifh xkpOfu trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;
fS
kH
l
kd
d
nD!wa&;udwnfaqmufc=hJ uaom acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;udyif/ oG,0uaomenf;jzifh tjypfwif
G f
k
k
f kd f
ajymqdrrsm;&Saeayonf?
k _ d
xd@k a=umifh ,ae@umvonf trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESiwuG/ wdi;f &if;om;
k f
hf
k
acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGmjzifcsrwcaom wdi;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;rl/
h S f hJ
k
G f
wenf;tm;jzifh vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHaoG;pnf;a&;udtajccHonfh jynfaxmifppw"gw. rl&if;tESpom
k
k
k d f f
f
&ESifh oabmw&m;rsm;udk &J&0if0ifaz:xkwpui+f yD;/ jynfaxmifprw&yfukd csrwtaumift
J h h
f JG kd
k l
S f
xnf az:a&;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;wm0efw&yfjzpfonf?
jynfaxmifp[onf jynfe,frsm;udk aygi;f pyfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ ,if;jynfe,f§wdi;f rsm;&Sd jynforsm;.
k l
k
l
qENEihf arG;&mygtcGita&;rsm;udav;pm;vduemjcif;/ 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;&Sjd cif;/ vGwf
S
hf
k
k f
kd
hf
vyfjcif;/ wef;wljcif;/ at;twlytr# qd;k wlaumif;zuf nDr#aomtcGita&;rsm;udk cHpm;cGi&jdS cif;
l
hf
hf
yifjzpfonf?
jrefrmEdii.twdwordi;f wGif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdi/f &Sr;f ESitjcm;aom
kfH
f k
k
hf
wdi;f &if;om;aygi;f pHw@kd onf ud,yitycsKyfa&;udk xlaxmifv#uf aexdic=hJ uonf// +Awo#e,fcsŒJ
k
k
k f kd f k f
kf
d d
vufatmufo@kd usa&mufom;onfwif Armrsm; aexdi&ma'o/ &cdia'o/ rGea'orsm;udk
G
h kd
kf
kf
f
Armjynfr[lIvnf;aumif;/ tjcm; &Sr;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u&ifeD a'orsm;udk awmifwef;a'orsm;
361

362. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
[lI cGjJ cm;tkycsKyfcayonf? vGwvyfa&;tóuumvod@k a&mufaomtcg jrefrmjynfrESihf awmif
f hJ
f
d
wef;a'orsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;onf jrefrmhEiia&;. t"duaomhcsujf yemw&yfjzpfcayonf?
kd f H
hJ
xdtcsewif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf/
k df G
k f
k
&Sr;f jynfawmifyi;f yifvòkH rdŒwGif nDvmcHw&yfac:,l awGŒqHaqG;aEG;um jrefrmEdiiukd jynfrESihf
kd
k
kfH
awmifwef;a'orsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkrljzifhaygif;pnf;&ef aqG;aEG;!SdEd_if;oabmwlnDcJh=u+yD;/
yifvoabmwlpmcsKyfukd vufrwa&;xd;k cJ=h uayonf? xdae@onfum; (1947) ckEpazaz:0g&v
kH
S f
k
Sf
D
(12)&ufae@ jzpfayonf? wdi;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;twGuf jynfaxmifprw&yfukd tcdif
k
G f
kl
k
trm tkwjf rpfcsEicaomae@vnf;jzpfayonf? jynfaxmifppw"gwarG;zGm;&mae@jzpfonftjyif
kd f hJ
kd f f
h
vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHaexdiaom EdiiwEdiiEihf qDav#monfh trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynfaxmifppw"gwukd
k kf
kfH kfHS
f
kd f f
aygi;f pyf+yD; vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHpnf;vk;H nD!wa&;qdi&moabmxm;w&yfukd csrwEicjhJ cif;vnf;jzpf
k
G f
kf
S f kd f
ayonf?
tqdyg jynfaxmifppw"gw[onf yifvwivufrwa&;xd;k cJ=h uaom pmcsKyfygtcsutvuf
k
kd f f l
kH G f
S f
f
tjyif yifvnvmcH}u;D Y aqG;aEG;wifjycsursm;/ tjyeftvSeoabmwlncsursm;/ tjyeftvSef
kH D
f
f
D f
ay;cJonfh uwdu0wfrsm;yg tusKH ;0ifv#u&ayonf? trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; AdvcsKyfatmif
h
f dS
k f
qef;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf tajrmftjrif}u;D rm;pGmjzifh wdi;f jynf.cufceufeaom
k
k
J J
jyem&yfrsm;/ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . tvdqENEiar#mre;f csursm;udk awGŒqHk
k
S hf f S
f
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufEic=hJ uonfenf;wl vufawGŒtm;jzifvnf; jynfaxmifpz@JG
_
kd f
h
h
k
pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'w&yfua&;qGjJ yÏmef;um wdi;f &if;om;jyemtm; ajz&Si;f +yD; trsKd ;
f kH
kd
k
om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmufEicayonf?
G f
k
kd f hJ
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;jyemonf jrefrmEdiiwiomru urBmEiirsm;pGmwd@k . Ediia&;&mudp&yf
k
kfH Gf
h kd f H
kfH
P
rsm;wGif toGitrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh yg0ifywfoufjzpfym;v#u&ayonf? tb,fa=umifqygrl wdi;f &if;
f
G
f dS
h kd
k
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jyemonf rwlnaomvlrsKd ;a&;/ bmoma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ "avhx;kH pHrsm;/ uGjJ ym;
D
jcm;em;onftajccHrsm;tjyif ya'o&mZfacwfrpcJonfh taxGaxGe,fcsŒJ pepf. trsKd ;om;a&;
h
S h
qdi&mjyemrsm;ESihf wpHw&mqufpyfaejcif;a=umifjh zpfayonf?
kf
k
urBmEiitrsm;pkonf vlrsKd ;rsm;pGmjzifaygi;f pyfz@JG pnf;xm;=ujcif;jzpf&m xdo@kd aygi;f pyfaexdif
h kd f H
h
k
k
=uaomvlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf ,ae@acwfordi;f wGif wlnaomvlaer_b0ESihf wlnaomvlrsKd ;pk
k
D
D
. tzGŒJ 0iftjzpfaevdjk cif;/ rdrw@kd . ,Ofaus;r_/ bmompum;/ "avhx;kH pHrsm;udk xde;f odr;f vd=k ujcif;/
d
EdiiwEdiitwGi;f Y t"duusaomvlrsKd ;u tjcm;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf vlrsKd ;pkrsm;udk v$r;f rd;k cs,v,f
kfH kfH
f S
tkycsKyfonftjyif cGjJ cm;qufqjH cif;a=umifh tjcm;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;
f
h
qH;k ±_;H epfemr_jzpfapjcif;/ a&S;a[mif; ya'o&mZftifyg,mEdiirsm;udtpm;xd;k I ay:ayguvm
kfH
k
f
=uaomEdiirsm;onfvnf; t"duvlrsKd ;pku tjcm;aomvlrsKd ;pkrsm;udk v$r;f rd;k tkycsKy=f ujcif; ponfh
kfH
f
tajccHta=umif;rsm;a=umif/h wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjyemonf urBmEiitoD;oD;wd@k . Ediia&;
k
h kd f H
kfH
362

363. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
&mudprsm;wGif toGitrsKd ;rsKd ;jzif/h jzpfym;ay:ayguv#u&ayonf? od@k jzpfI wdi;f &if;om;jyem
P
f
G
f
f dS
k
udajz&Si;f =u&mwGif TtajccHrsm;udo;kH oyfI "rR"Ïmefusus ajz&Si;f &efvtyfayonf?
k
k
d
kd
jrefrmEdii.vlrsKd ;pkjyemudk ajz&Si;f &ef csO;f uyfavhvmonftcgwivnf; vGwvyfa&;&+yD;
kfH
h
Gf
f
onfaemuf ESpaygi;f (50) ausmf pGuyfvmcJaom qENp/JG vlrsKd ;pGrsm; uif;&Si;f &rnftjyif ordi;f qdif
h
f
J
h
J
h
k k
&mtawGŒtóuHrsm;ESihf EdiiwumwGijf zpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom trsKd ;om;a&;jyemrsm;udyg
kfH
k
aygi;f pyfòcio;kH oyfI vufawGŒusus/ "rR"Ïmefusus ajz&Si;f &efvtyfayonf? od@k jzpfI jrefrmEdiiH
H kH
d
kd
kf
wGif vGwvyfa&;&+y;D aemuf ay:aygucaom/ ay:ayguqjJ zpfaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jyem
f
f hJ
f
k
ud±j_ rifo;kH oyf&mwGif wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf &yfpxm;onfq±kH
k
k
kd f
J
kd
r#jzifh jyemt&yf&yfonf ajyvnfroGm;Ediay? qufvufI Ediia&;t& awGŒqHaqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f
kf
kfH
k
&efvtyfayonf?
kd
‚if;jyif wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf;tcsKd ŒESihf vufeufuiyÉdyuQrsm; qufvufjzpfym;
k
kd f
kd f
G
v#u&aeonfuvnf; vufctodtrSwðf y&ayrnf? Tjyem&yfrsm;udajz&Si;f &rnfh wckwnf;
f dS
kd
H
k
aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf; “awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;” enf;vrf;omjzpf+y;D ajz&Si;f &rnftajccHrrm wdi;f &if;
k
h
lS k
om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . arG;&mygtajccHtcGita&;rsm;udk todtrSwðf y+y;D 'Drua&pDjynfaxmif
hf
kd
pkppfppfrjl zifh jrefrmEdiiukd zGŒJ pnf;wnfaxmifjcif;yifjzpfonf?
kfH
jrefrmEdiionf vGwvyfa&;&+yD; (1947) ckEpf jynfaxmifpzŒJG pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya't&
kfH
f
S
k
f
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii[I zGŒJ pnf;Edicaomfvnf; xdzŒJG pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'onf Arm/
kfH l
k f hJ
k
f
rGe/f &cdia'o[k zGŒJ pnf;r_r&ScjhJ cif;/ jynfe,frsm;od@k ay;xm;aom vkyyicirsm;enf;yg;jcif;/ Arm
kf
d
f kd f G hf
trsm;pkaexdi&ma'oudk jynfrtoGijf zifh jynfaxmifptm%mud&,lItkycsKyfjcif;/ b¾ma&;cGJ
kf
k
k
f
a0r_rr#wjcif; ponfh tm;enf;csursm;a=umifh (1948) ckEpaemuf ESpaygi;f (10) ESpausm=f um
f
S f
f
f
vmonftcg tkycsKyfa&;/ b¾ma&; t=uyftwnf;rsm;jzifóh uHawGŒcJ&onf?
h
f
h
xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifptwGi;f Y jynfe,frsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. rauseyfrrsm;jzpfay:cJ+h y;D
k
k
_
zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'qdi&mt=uyftwnf;udjk zpfay:apcJonf? wcsewnf;wGif Ediiawmf
f kH
kf
h
df
kfH
. zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'qdi&m jyifqif&efta=umif;rsm;wduqivmaomtcg &Sr;f jynf
f kH
kf
k f kd f
e,fuvnf; wdi;f &if;om;aygi;f pHuzwac:I awmif}u;D òrŒd Y nDvmcHw&yfusi;f ycJonf? xdnvm
k
k kd d f
h
k D
cHY zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkqdkif&m t=uyftwnf;rsm;udkwifjyI zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkjyifqif+yD;
jynfaxmifpppfppfrl (zuf'&,fr) udk aqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f v#uf ygvrefo@kd wifoi;f &ef qH;k jzwfc=hJ uay
k
l
d d_
D
G
onf? tqdygrrm cGxua&;rlv;kH 0r[kway? zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'. tm;enf;csursm;udk
k lS J G f
f
f kH
f
jyifqif+yD; jynfaxmifpppfppfrw&yfukd wifjyjcif;omjzpfayonf?
k
l
od@k &mwGif wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmiftcsKd Œonf xdzuf'&,frEiywfoufI atmufygtcsursm;udk
k
l S hf
f
ta=umif;jy+yD; (1962) ckEpwif Ediiawmf.tm%mudor;f ,lcayonf? xduo@kd tm%modr;f
Sf G kfH
k d
hJ
k hJ
363

364. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
,l&mwGivnf; tm%modr;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;u “zuf'&,fronf cGxua&;rljzpfonf” “wdi;f
f
l
J G f
k
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf jynfe,frsm;cGxu&ef}uHpnfaeojzifh jynfaxmifpròyduatmif/ wyfr
J G f
k
JG
awmfrS tm%modr;f ,lc&jcif;jzpfonf”[lI ta=umif;jycJ=h uayonf? trSepifppfrm zuf'&,frl
hJ
f
S
onf jynfaxmifprw&yfomjzpf+yD; cGxua&;rlr[kway? xd@k tjyif wdi;f &if;om;rsm;taejzifh
k l
J G f
f
k
jynfe,fcxu&ef&nf&,csursm;/ vkyaqmifcsursm;vnf;ryg&cay?
JG G f
G f f
f
f
dS hJ
xdo@kd tm%modr;f cJonfh (1962) ckEprpI/ jrefrmEdii. jynfaxmifpk zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccH
k
h
S f S
kfH
f kH
Oya'aysmufu,c&ovdk jynfaxmifppw"mwf od@k r[kwf yifvpw"mwfonfvnf; wpwp
G f hJ
k d f
kH d f
arS;rSec&onfrm aysmufu,ve;D yg;jzpfc&ayonf? arS;rSe&efvnf; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;udtoH;k ðycJ=h u
d f hJ
S
G f k
hJ
df
k
ayonf?
TuJo@kd aomtajctaewGif u|Eyw@kd onf trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf
h
kf f
k f
wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;csrwcaom jynfaxmifpr. rl&if;t"dyg` ,Eihf tESpom&udk oabm
k
S f hJ
kl
fS
f
aygu&efvtyfayonf? od@k a=umifh AdvcsKyfatmifqef;u zqyv y%mrjyifqifrnvmcHwif
f
kd
k f
_ D
G
Tod@k re@=f um;cJonf?
d
h
“æu|eawmfw@kd oabmwlncsuawG pmcsKyftrsKd ;rsKd ;csKyfwtcgwe;f u awmifwef;a'o
f
D f
hJ
k
ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf u|eawmfw@kd csKyqcwhJ pmcsKyt&qdv@kd &&ifjzpfap/ aemuf+y;D awmh awmifwef;
k f
f
f
f kd hJ
f
k dS
a'oqdi&m pHprf;a&;tzG@J tpD&ifcpmrSaxmufccsursm;udk u|eawmfw@kd vufcconftwdi;f
kf
k
H
H f
f
H hJ h k
jzpfap/ tJovdk vufcxm;cJonfh pmoabmwGiomruyJ “Not Only the Letter of AgreeH
h
f
f
D
H hJ
f
f
JS
ment ” onf pmoabmudk u|eawmfw@kd oabmwlnvufccwmwGiruyJ u|eawmfw@kd tzGrm
D h
h
qdv@kd &&if “ The Spirit of Agreement” oabmwlnvmcJwhJ wu,ft&if;cHoabmw&m;udk
k dS
vufc+H yD;awmh onftwdi;f yJ onfwi;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfrm em;vnfapcsiygw,f?æ”
k
kd
f
S
f
xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifppw"gw[onf yifvpmcsKyfwiazmfjyxm;aom tcsutvufrsm;om
kd f f l
kH
Gf
f
ru yifvnvmcHwif aqG;aEG;wifjycsursm;/ n‡Ei;f oabmwlncsursm;/ uwdu0wfrsm;tm;vH;k
kH D
G
f
d d_
D f
òcHiIyg0ifaeayonf// Tae&mwGiyifvpmcsKyfay:ayguvmyHEihf jynfaxmifpoabmw&m;rsm;
kH
f kH
f
kS
k
udk tusO;f r#azmfjy&efvtyfayonf//
kd
jrefrmEdiiwif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdi/f &Sr;f tp&Saom vlrsKd ;rsm;tjyif tjcm;
kfH G
k
d
aomvlrsKd ;rsm;pGmwd@k onfvnf; a&S;ya0o%Dumvuyif twlwuGaexdic=hJ uayonf? xdo@kd
kf
k
aexdic=hJ uaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf tcsKd ŒrSm xD;òyi/f eef;òyif Ediirsm;udk xlaxmif
kf
k
d
d kfH
v#uaexdic=hJ u+yD; tcsKd ŒrSm apmfbm;/ apmfzsm;/ apmfu/J 'l;0g;/ awmifyi;f / awmiftyrsm;jzifh
f
kf
G
kd
k f
ud,yitycsKyfv#uf vGwvyfpmaexdic=hJ uonf?
k f kd f k f
f
G
kf
wcsKd Œaom wefc;kd }u;D onfjh refrmrif;rsm;vufxufwiom vuf&jdS refrmEdii[ac:wGiaom e,fajr
Gf
kfH k
f
rsm;ESihf xdxufus,0ef;aome,fajrrsm;udor;f yduum ya'o&mZftifyg,mudk odr;f ydutycsKyf
k
f
k d k f
k f kf
364

365. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
EdiconfuawGŒ&+yD;/ useumvrsm;Y rGe/f Arm/ &cdi/f &Sr;f wd@k onf xD;òydi/f eef;òydif ya'o&mZf
k f hJ
kd
f
k
Ediirsm;udxaxmifv#uf oD;jcm;vGwvyfpm tkycsKyfaexdic=hJ ujyefonf? usewi;f &if;om;
kfH
k l
f
G
f
kf
f kd
vlrsKd ;rsm;rSmvnf; ud,enf;ud,[ef/ ud,yitycsKya&;jzifh &yfwnfaexdic=hJ uonfukd awGŒ&ay
k hf
k hf
k f kd f k f f
kf
onf?
od@k &mwGif +Adwo#e,fcsŒJ wd@k onf jrefrmEdiiukd ppf (3) }udrf wducuor;f yduvuaomtcg/
d
kfH
k f kd f d k f kd f
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pke,fajrtm;vH;k onfvnf;/ e,fcsŒJ vufatmufu|eb0od@k twlwuG usa&muf
k
f
cJ&ayonf? e,fcsŒJ wd@k . vufatmufY Arm/ &cdi/f rGef a'orsm;udk ArmjynfrtjzpfEivnf;aumif;
h
k
S hf
&Sr;f / csi;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u,m;ESihf tjcm;wdi;f &if;om;a'orsm;udk awmifwef;a'orsm;tjzpf
k
vnf;aumif; cGjJ cm;owfrwtycsKyfcayonf? e,fcsŒJ qef@usia&;/ zufqpfwuzsua&;ESihf trsKd ;
S f k f hJ
f
kd f f
om;vGwajrmufa&; ±ke;f uefvy&m;wduy0ifonfh umvwav#mufwivnf; wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk
f
_ f S k f JG
Gf
k
aygi;f pHw@kd onf enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh vufwwuy0ifc=hJ uayonf?
k
JG kd f JG
xdo@kd wuy0if&mwGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf jrefrmhEiia&;acgi;f aqmif
k kd f JG
k f
kd f H
rsm;onf 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k acwfucsrwcaom “Armjynfonf wd@k jynf/ Armpmonfw@kd pm/
S f hJ
Armpum;onf wd@k pum;/ Armjynfucspyg/ wd@k pmudk cs;D jr‡iyg/ wd@k pmudk av;pm;yg”[laom trsKd ;
kd f
hf
om;a&;0g'udk aºuG;a=umfwuy0ifc+hJ yD; “Armhxu&yf*%;f ” acwfo@kd a&mufaomtcgwivnf;
kd f JG
G f kd
Gf
e,fcsŒJ qef@usia&;/ vGwvyfa&;/ 'Drua&pDa&;/ ponfh trsKd ;om;0g'jzifyif trsKd ;om;vGwajrmuf
f
f
kd
h
f
a&;vufeufuiwuyuqifEc=hJ uayonf?
kd f kd f JG kd J$
(1946)/ (1947) ckEprsm;jzpfaom vGwvyfa&;tóudumvod@k a&mufaomtcgwium; trsKd ;
S f
f
Gf
om;a&;0g'onf tvSntajymif;wcko@kd a&muf&vmcJayonf? ‚if;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynf
hf
dS h
axmifpoabmw&m;rsm;udaygi;f pyfxm;onfh jynfaxmifppw"mwfwnf;[laom “trsKd ;om;
k
k
kd f
rsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;0g'” (oabmw&m;) onf ay:xGe;f vmcJayonf? xdo@kd jzpfay:vmap&ef aph
h
k
aqmfonfh Ediia&;tajctaersm;vnf;&Scayonf?
kfH
d hJ
jrefrmEdiiukd rjzpfrae vGwvyfa&;ay;&rnftajctaeod@k a&muf&vmaomtcg +Adwo#tpd;k &
kfH
f
h
dS
d
onf &Sr;f jynfEiawmifwef;e,frsm;udk csexm;vdaomoabmxm;rsm;&Sconf? xdoabmxm;
S hf
f
k
d hJ
k
rsm;udk (1945) ckEp/f arv (17) &ufae@wixwjf yefaom “puULjzLpmwrf;”wGif txift&Sm;
S
Gf k
awGŒ&ayonf? &Sr;f jynftygt0if awmifwef;a'orsm;udrl jrefrmjynfrESihf tqdyga'orsm; wvH;k
k
k
wpnf;wnf;yl;aygi;f &ef/ awmifwef;a'orsm;uqENr&SoI/xda'orsm;udk bk&ifcu oD;jcm;
d
k
H
tkycsKyfom;rnf[az: jyxm;onf?
f
G
k
Ttcsut& jrefrmjynfrudk vGwvyfa&;ay;onfwiatmif awmifwef;a'orsm;udk csexm;
f
f
h kd f
f
rnfh +Awo#tpd;k &.oabmxm;rSm xif&m;aeayonf? xk@d a=umifh jynfrESiawmifwef;a'orsm;
d d
S
hf
onf vGwvyfa&;t&,l&mwGif yl;aygi;f a&;/ ryl;aygi;f a&;onf jyemw&yftaejzifh ay:ayguf
f
365

366. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vmcJayonf? awmifwef;a'orsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f a&;wGivnf; vlO;D a&tm;jzifh tawmftoifrsm;+y;D
h
f
h
e,fajrtm;jzifus,0ef;aom &Sr;f jynfEiy;l aygi;f a&;onf t"duu¾rSyg0ifvm&ayonf?
h
f
S hf
awmifwef;a'orsm;ESiaygi;f pnf;a&;twGuf zqyv. oabmxm;udk (1945) ckEp/f =o*kwv
hf
S
f
(19) &ufae@wiusi;f yaom aeol&etpnf;ta0;}u;D .a=unmcsuwif atmufygtwdi;f awGŒ&
Gf
df
f G
k
ayonf?
“ArmjynftwGi;f &Sd wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdi;f rdrw@kd u}H urmudk rdrw@kd uomzefw;D Edi+f y;D tm;vH;k .o
k
k d
HR
d
k
abmESihf nD!wpmxlaxmifaom Ediiwnfaxmif&ef/ Tod@k wnfaxmif&mY yg0ifaomvlrsKd ;
G f G
kfH
toD;oD;tm; rdrw@kd u=H urRmudk rdrw@kd bmomzefw;D Ediaom tcGita&;rsm;ay;xm;&ef” [lI
d
d
kf
hf
awGŒ&ayonf?
jrefrmjynfwif vGwvyfa&;óud;yrf;r_t&Sejf yif;xefvmum/ atmifqef;- tufwvD pmcsKyft+yD;
G
f
d
wGif =um;jzwftpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;/ wdi;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfac:,la&;twGuf atmifqef;-tufwvD
k
f
pmcsKyf ay:ayguvmcJonf? xdpmcsKyfwif e,fpyfa'ota&; (awmifwef;a'ota&;) ESiywf
f
h
k
G
hf
oufI atmufygtwdi;f az: jyxm;onf?
k
“e,fpyfa'orsm;wGiaexdi=f uaom jynfovx.oabmwlncsu&,l+y;D xda'orsm;udk jrefrm
f k
l l k
D f
k
jynfrESitjrefq;kH yl;aygi;f ay;&efvtyfonf[k +Awo#tpd;k &ESihf jrefrmud,pm;vS,rsm;u oabm
hf
kd
d d
k f
f
wlna=umif;/ xduo@kd yl;aygi;f a&;rwnfaqmufrtcseumvtwGi;f e,fpyfa'oESihf jrefrmjynfr
D
k hJ
D df
wd@k ESpO;D ESpzuftusKd ;oufa&mufvmaom aqmif&ub,&mudp&yfrsm;udk ESpO;D ESpzufv;kH u
f f
G f G f
P
f f
vuf c H E d k i f a omenf ; vrf ; jzif h yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f o if h o nf ? xd k u J h o d k @ aqmif & G u f E d k i f & ef
atmufygtwdi;f oabmwl=uonf?
k
(u) ········
(c) yifvnvmcHYjzpfap/ txl;zdwac:aomnDvmcHYjzpfap/ e,fpyfa'oacgi;f aqmif
kH D
f
rsm;ESihf ud,pm;vS,rsm;tm; =um;jzwfumvtwGi;f atmufygo;kH ckteuf ‚if;wd@k
k f
f
vufcEiaom yl;aygi;f a&;rluwifjyap&rnf?
H kd f
kd
(*) ········
(C) ········
txufygazmfjycJonfh atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfxuay:vm+y;D aemuf &Sr;f jynfEihf Armjynf
h
G f
S
aygi;f pnf;a&;onf tvGeta&;}uD;onftajctaeod@k a&muf&vmcJayonf? TuJo@kd jzpfay:
f
h
dS
h
h
vmaomEdiia&;tajctaersm;a=umifh yifvnvmcHuusi;f ycJ&jcif;jzpfayonf? 'kw,yifvkH
kfH
kH D
kd
h
d
nDvmcHukd (1947) ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (6) &ufae@rS (12) &ufae@txdusi;f ycJonf? xdnvmcH}u;D
S
D
h
k D
wGif trsKd ;om;tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
k f
k
onf tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGm tem*wfjynfaxmifprw&yfukd aqG;aEG;ndEi;f csrwum yifvpm
kl
‡ d_ S f
kH
366

367. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
csKyfukd vufrwa&;xd;k cJ=h uayonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdiiwif (1947) ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12)
S f
kfH G
S
D
&ufae@rpI jynfaxmifprl od@k r[kwf jynfaxmifppw"gwukd arG;zGm;ay;Edicayonf?
S
k
k d f f
k f hJ
Tae&mwGif jynfaxmifppw"gwEiywfoufI yifvnvmcHY AdvcsKyfatmifqef;.ajym=um;
k d f f S hf
kH D
k f
csursm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;.wifjycsursm;udk azmfjy&efvayonf?
f
k
f
kd
“Armjynfvwvyfa&;&+yD[qEia=umif;/ awmifwef;e,frsm;jyemom use&awmh
G f
k kd kd f
f dS
a=umif;/ awmifwef;e,frsm; rvGwvyfoa&GΠArmjynfvwvyf+y[k rqdEia=umif;/ Armrsm;onf
f
G f
D
k kd f
awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k bmom tkycsKyfapvda=umif;/ Armrsm;onf &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f wd@k .
f
k
jynfwGif;a&;udk pGufzufrnfr[kwfa=umif;” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. yifvHkwGif ajym=um;csufrS)
“jrefrmrsm;onf +Adwo#.u|erjzpfva=umif;/ xdenf;wlpm awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;vnf;
d
f
kd
k
G
+Adwo#u|etjzpfra&mufapvda=umif;/ xd@k tjyif awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf jrefrmu|etjzpf
d
f
k
f
vnf;rjzpfapvdk=umif;” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. yifvHkwGif ajym=um;csufrsm;rS)
“wdi;f jynf}uD;yGm;apcsi&if ArmuwrsKd ;/ u&ifuwzH/k ucsi/f csi;f wd@k uwjcm; tuGuJG
k
f
J
tjym;jym;vky=f u&ifjzifh tusKd ;&Srmr[kwb;l ? pkaygi;f vky=f urSomtusKd ;&SEir,f”
d S
f
d kd f
(Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; .ajym=um;csuf r S )
xd@k twlyif yifvnvmcHY &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;.wifjycsursm;rSmvnf; atmufyg
kH D
k
f
twdi;f awGŒ&ayonf?
k
(1) jynfaxmifppepft&yl;aygi;f rnf?
k
(2) tcGita&;ESitqiftwef;wljzpf&rnf?
hf
hf
h
(3) &Sr;f jynftm; vH;k 0ud,yitycsKyfciay;&rnf?
k f kd f k f G hf
(4) cGxuvu tcsera&G;cGxuciay;&rnf?
J G f kd
d f
J G f G hf
Tod‹k aqG;aEG;wifjycsursm;/ oabmwlncsursm;/ uwdu0wfrsm;tygt0if yifvpmcsKyfonf
f
D f
kH
jynfaxmifppw"gw.tajccHEihf rl&if;tESpom&yifjzpfonf? wzef xyfrIwifjy&ygv#if ,ae@
kd f f
S
f
H
tcsewium; tqdygpw"gwrsm; aysmufu,ve;D yg;jzpfae+yD; tcsKd Œaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;uvnf;
d f Gf
k d f f
G f k
jynfaxmifppw"gwtajccHrrsm;udk arS;rSeao;odrap&efEihf tjcm;t"dyg` ,rsm; zH;k v$r;f oGm;ap
k d f f
l
d f
f
S
f
vdonf&nf&,csursm;jzifh ajymqdae=uonfuvnf; =um;odawGŒjrifae&ayonf?
k h
G f f
k
kd
,ae@tcseumvonf jrefrmEdiiawmfukd 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpEiiawmfppfppftjzpf wnf
d f
kfH
kd
k kd f H
aqmuf&rnfjzpfonfa=umif wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ESihf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rS
k
G f
onf trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk r&rae wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? xdo@kd wnfaqmuf&m
G f
k
wGif Ediia&;ygwrsm;/ 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wyfrawmftiftm;pkrsm;/ tm;vH;k nD!w=f u±Hom
kfH
D
kd
G
k
ru wdi;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf aoG;pnf;nDnwa&;onfvnf; tvGeta&;}u;D ayonf? wdi;f
k
G f
f
k
&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmufrnfqygu trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D AdvcsKyfatmif
G f
kd
k f
qef;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tajrmftjrif}uD;pGmcsrwcaom yifvoabmwlncsuEihf
k
S f hJ
kH
D fS
367

368. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwf. rlvtESpfom&ESifh tajccHrlrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzifh
wdi;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?
k
G f
k
vuf&jdS refrmEdii.tajctaerSm pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;
kfH
_
k
G f
tp&Sonfrsm;wGif jyemaygi;f pHay:ayguv#uf wpwpusqif;um ,d,i;f v#u&ayonf?
d
k
f
k G
f dS
Tod@k jzpf&jcif;rSm t"duusaom vufiif;ajz&Si;f &rnfEiia&;jyemudk trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef
h kd f H
w&yftaejzifh rajz&Si;f Ediaoma=umifjh zpfayonf? t"duEdiia&;jyemqd&mYvnf; jrefrm
kf
kfH
k
Ediiwif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; jynfow&yfv;kH (wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tygt0if) qdwoO;f
k f H G kd
hf
l
k
f k
aejcif;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm; ud,yijf yÏmef;cGi/hf arG;&mygtcGita&;rsm; qH;k ±_;H aejcif;wd@k yif
k
k f kd
hf
jzpfonf?
Tjyemrsm;onf jyemESp&yf[xif&aomfvnf; wckEiwck qufpyfum rnfo@kd r# cGr&
f
k
S hf
J
atmifqufE,v#u&onf? 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;r&Sygu vGwvyfaom acwfrzŒHG òzd;wd;k
G f
f dS
kd
hf
d
f
D
wufaomEdiiawmfukd rwnfaqmufEiouJo@kd wdi;f &if;om;jyemudk rajz&Si;f Ediyguvnf;
kfH
kd f h
k
kf
+ir;f csr;f aom/ vGwvyfaom/ acwfrzŒHG òz;d wd;k wufaomEdiiawmfukd wnfaqmufEirnfr[kway?
d
f
D
kfH
kd f
f
xd@k a=umifh 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;udk wòydiwnf;ajz&Si;f =u&ayrnf? Tod@k
kd
k
f
ajz&Si;f &mwGif 'Drua&pD.tajccHusaomjynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vduemjcif;jzifh taumiftxnf
kd
k f
az:&ayrnf? wenf;tm;jzifh jynfovxu vGwvyfpma&G;cs,wifajrmufcaom (1990) jynfEpf
l l k
f G
f
‡ hJ
hS
a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd taumiftxnfaz:&rnf? wdi;f &if;om;jyemajz&Si;f &mwGirl yuwd
JG
k
f
wnf&aeaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tajctaeESiuunaom/ ud,yijf yÏmef;cGi&aom
dS
k
hf kd f D
k f kd
hf dS
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpjk ziftaumiftxnfaz:&rnf?
h
Tonfrm a&Smifui;f Ir&Ediaom/ taqmwv#iajz&Si;f &efvtyfaeaom trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef
S
G
kf
f
kd
w&yfvnf;jzpfayonf? TtrsKd ;om;a&;jyemudk ajz&Si;f &eftwGuf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wf
G
a&;udk r&rae wnfaqmuf=u&rnf? xduo@kd wnfaqmuf&mwGif trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;
k hJ
vkyief;pOf tqifqifjh zifh wnfaqmuf&efvtyfayonf?
f
h
kd
jrefrmEdiionf vGwvyfa&;&+yD;cserpI 0g'pG/J *d%;f *%pG/J tkypp/JG vlrsKd ;pG/J qENpjJG zifh uGjJ ym;um/
kfH
f
dfS
k
fk
jyif;xefaomvufeufpuif yÉdyuQrsm;jzpfay:+y;D / tcsi;f csi;f wducuronf tvGejf yif;xefvaom
JG kd
k f kd f _
S
vufeufuiyËdyuQ jzpfym;ay:ayguvmI/ jynfwi;f ppfjzpfym;Ekionftxd qd;k &Gm;jyif;xefcay
kd f
G
f
G
G df
hJ
onf? ,if;tusKd ;qufa=umifh ,ae@wif trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk rwnfaqmufEicay?
kd
G f
kd f hJ
trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wr_ r&Sygu/ +ir;f csr;f aom/ acwfrzŒHG òz;d wd;k wufaom/ 'Drua&pDjynf0aom
G f d
d
D
kd
h
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. wef;wltcGita&;&Sonfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpukd wnfaqmuf&efvnf;
k
hf
d
k
jzpfEivrrnf r[kway?
kd f d hf
f
trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmuf&mwGi/f trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyief;pOf.
G f
f
368

369. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
yxrtqiftaejzifh ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;udk tcditrmwnfaqmufa&;ESihf 'kw,tqifh
h
_
kf
d
taejzifh trsKd ;om;a&;jyemrsm;udk awGŒqHaqG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh oH;k oyftajz&Sm+y;D / jyem&yf
k
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f um/ trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?
G f
xduo@kd wnfaqmuf&ef ukvor*~. 2002 ckEp/f (57)}urajrmuf taxGaxGnvmcHu “jrefrm
k hJ
S
df
D
Ediitpd;k &onf 'Drua&pDjyefvnf&&Sa&;/ (1990)ckEp/f a&G;aumufy&v'frsm;udk taumiftxnf
kfH
kd
d
S
JG
az:&ef/ (a': ) atmifqef;pk=unfEihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf tjcm;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Dru
S
kd
kd
a&pDa&;/ trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rsm;twGuf t"dyg` ,jf ynf0+y;D / pepfwus yxrOD;pGm awGŒqHk
h
aqG;aEG;=u+yD; raES;tjref tjcm;Ediia&;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. ud,pm;
kfH
k
k f
vS,rsm;yg0if&ef[k jyif;xefpm wduwe;f vduonf?” [laom qH;k jzwfcsut&/ Ediiawmfat;csr;f
f
G k f G k f
f
kfH
om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu vduemaqmif&u&ef wm0ef&ayonf?
D
k f
G f
dS
ypPuEiia&;jzpfay:r_ tajctaeudk oH;k oyfygu/ trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyief;pOf.
Q kd f H
f
yxrtqifjh zpfaom ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufIyif yDyjD yifjyif cdicirmrm rwnf
_
k f kd f
aqmufEiao;a=umif; awGŒ&ayonf? wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuif tzGŒJ tpnf;tcsKd ŒESihf typft
kd f
k
kd
cwf&yfpxm;Edijf cif;/ tusO;f om;tcsKd Œudk v$way;jcif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; v$way;+yD;/
J
k
f
f
vGwvwvyfvyf oGm;vmcGiay;jcif;/ pmrsuEmopfzivpjf cif;jzif/h jynforsm;udk Ediia&;wGif
f G f
hf
f S
G hf S
l
kfH
vGwvyfpmyg0ifvyaqmifEionf[I tm%mydirsm;u xkwjf yefjcif; ponfw@kd ukd vkyaqmif
f
G
kf
kd f
l
kf
f
jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;u¾udk pwifEicaomfvnf;/ tcsKd Œaom wdi;f &if;om;vuf
_
kd f hJ
k
eufuif tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuiyÉdyuQjzpfym;aejcif;/ Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk
kd
kd f
G
kfH
c|i;f csur&Sd rv$way;ao;jcif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf. &cdijf ynfe,fc&D;pOfEihf {&m0wDwi;f
f
f
k
S
kd
tcsKd Œa'orsm;od@k oGm;onfc&D;pOfw@kd wi/f [ef@wm;aESmuf,urrsm; óuHc&ayonf?
h
G
S f _
hJ
od@k a=umifh ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;tydi;f vnf;/ yDjyifcirmr_r&Sao;a=umif; awGŒ&rnfjzpfay
_
k
kd f
d
onf? od@k ,=kH unfrwnfaqmufa&;udk yDyjD yifjyiftaumiftxnfraz:aqmifEijf cif;onf/ Ediia&;
_
kd
kfH
t"dy`g,fjynfh0aom awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&;tqifhudk pwiftaumiftxnfraz:aqmifEdkifjcif;.
ta=umif;w&m;vnf; jzpfayonf?
odŒk jzpfI u|Eyw@kd onf ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufI/ tcditrmtkwjf rpfcsxm;&ef
kf f
_
kf
vdtyfayonf? od@k rom odrarGŒeufeaom awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;tydi;f udk acsmarmtqifajypGm
k
S
f
J
k
k
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifEirnfjzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufjcif; ausmvef
kd f
_
f G
oGm;+y[k qdygaomfvnf;/ T,H=k unfrtydi;f udk yDyjD yifjyiftaumiftxnfaz:&ef vdtyfayonf?
D
k
_ k
k
Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk c|i;f csur&Sd v$way;jcif;/ Oya'rJh zsuor;f cHxm;&aom wdi;f &if;
kfH
f
f
f d
k
om;ygwrsm;tygt0if/ Ediia&;ygwrsm;udk w&m;0if vGwvwvyfvyf v_y&m;cGiay;jcif;/ jynfol
D
kfH
D
f G f
f S hf
rsm;udk a=umuf&ŒHG pd;k &drruif;pGm/ Ediia&;wGif yg0ifaqmif&uciay;jcif;/ vGwvyfpm a&;om;xkwf
f_
kfH
G f G fh
f G
a0cGiay;jcif; ponftajccH'rua&pDtcGita&;rsm;udk az:aqmifay;jcif;jzifh taumiftxnf
hf
h
D kd
hf
369

370. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
az:&ayrnf?
od@k &mwGif tm%mydirsm;u jrefrmEdiiwif pmrsuEmopfukd zGivpconf[k qdjk im;aomfvnf;/
kf
kfH G
fS
hf S f hJ
jynforsm;onf Ediia&;wGif vGwvwvyfvyfyg0ifaqmif&uEi+f yD;/ ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;
l
kfH
f G f
G f kd
_
tqifukd ausmvec+hJ yD[qaomfvnf;/ vufawGŒrSmum; Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm; v$way;&ef
h
f G f
k kd
kfH
f
rsm;pGmuseaeao;onf? xd@k tjyif Ediia&;ygwrsm; v_y&m;cGirmvnf;/ wdi;f &if;om;ygwD trsm;
f
kfH
D
f S hf S
k
tjym;onf zsuor;f jcif;cHxm;&ojzif/h rnfo@kd r# v_y&m;pnf;±H;k Edicir&Say? w&m;0ifygwjD zpfaom
f d
fS
k f G hf d
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. v_y&m;r_ukd =unfv#iyif vGwvwvyfvyf v_y&m;cGi&onf[k
kd
fS
h f
f G f
f S hf dS
rqdEiay?
k kd f
txl;ojzifh &cdijf ynfe,fEihf {&m0wDwi;f tcsKd @a'opnf;±H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmuf,uf
k
S
kd
S
r_ awGΗu&jcif;u oufaojyvsu&ayonf? jynforsm;rSmvnf; Ediia&;ygwrsm;/ Ediia&;orm;
H
f dS
l
kfH
D
kfH
rsm;ESihf xdawGŒqufqrr&atmifuef@owf/ [ef@wm;/ +cr;f ajcmufrrsm; &SaeqJjzpfonf? vGwvyf
H_
d
_
d
f
pGm a&;om;xkwa0cGirmvnf;/ vH;k 0r&Sao;a=umif; awGŒ&ayonf?
f
hf S
d
od@k jzpfI ,ae@Eiia&;tajctaeudk rSereuefuefo;kH oyfrnfqygu/trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwf
kd f H
fSf
kd
a&; vkyief;pOf. yxrtqifjh zpfaom/ ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufIyif tcditrm
f
_
kf
tkwjf rpfcsEijf cif;r&Sao;ay? ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;tydi;f yDjyifcirmrSom/ odrarGŒeufeaom
kd
d
_
k
kd f
f
J
awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&; vkyief;pOfonf acsmarmtqifajyEdirnfjzpfayonf? trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifh
k
f
kf
jrwfa&;ESihf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wrr&Sb/J tzufzufrS ,d,i;f aeaom Ediiawmfukd jyefvnf
G f_ d
k G
kfH
wnfaqmuf&ef vH;k 0rjzpfEiay?
kd f
xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyief;pOfjzpfaom/ ,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;tydi;f
f
_
k
yDjyifcirmatmifaz:aqmifa&;ESihf awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;udk tjrefq;kH pwifEia&;onf/ vuf&tm
kd f
k
kd f
dS
%mydirsm;jzpfaom Ediiawmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpwif vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;
kf
kfH
D G
wm0ef&ayonf?
dS
Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifponf/ jrefrmEdiiawmftm; acwfrzŒHG òz;d wd;k wuf
kfH
D
kfH
D
aom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfukd wnfaqmufom;rnfjzpfa=umif; pOfqufrjywf ajym=um;v#u&ouJh
dk
kd f H
G
f dS
od@k / 'Drua&pDEiiay:xGe;f a&;vrf;a=umif;rS rnfonfenf;ESir# aoGznfom;rnf r[kwa=umif;
kd
kd f H
h
hf
G
f
udvnf;/ tcgtm;av#mpm xkwazmfajym=um;cJ+h y;D jzpfayonf? od@k aomfvnf; 'Drua&pD. tajccH
k
fG
f
kd
tusq;kH jzpfaom jynfoŒl qENukd av;pm;vduemjcif;wnf;[laom 1990 jynfEpf ygwp'rua&pD
k f
hS
D kH D kd
taxGaxGa&G;aumufy. &v'fukd taumiftxnfaz: aqmif&uay;&mwGium;/ tvGe@f tvGef
JG
G f
f
aESmifaES;=uef@=umv#u&ayonf?
h
f dS
od@k jzpfI trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf wdi;f &if;om; (4)ygwjD zpfaom &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru
kd
S k
k
kd
370

371. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGetrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ / Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufygwrsm;
k f D kd
f
kd
k
f
D
onf/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:aygua&;ESihf 'Drua&pDjynf0aom jynfaxmifpEiiay:xGe;f vma&;
f
f
kd
h
k kd f H
twGuf aqmif&uc=hJ uayonf?
G f
od@k &mwGif wdi;f &if;om;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tcsKd ŒESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wawmf
k
f
kd f
f
kd
f
ud,pm;vS,f tajrmuftjrm;udk zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJjh cif;/ uef@owf[ef@wm;aESmuf,ur_ trsKd ;
k f
S f
rsKd ;a=umif/h jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yEdijf cif;r&Scay? ‚if;jyif tm%mydirsm;u ac:,l
f
k
d hJ
kf
&ef qENvnf; r&Scay?
d hJ
xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om; (4)
kd
k
f
k
ygwu,pm;vS,w@kd onf (1998) ckEp/f pufwifbmv(16)&ufae@wif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,f
D kd f
f
S
G
f
kd
pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zG@J pnf;cJayonf? ‚if;aumfrwD. &nf&,csursm;rSm/ v$wawmfay:aygua&;
h
G f f
f
f
twGuf aqmif&uom;&efEihf v$wawmfray:aygurumvtwGi;f tqdygaumfrwDonf/ v$wf
G f G
S
f
fD
k
awmf.vkyief;aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif&uom;&efw@kd jzpfayonf? T&nf&,csursm;udk yDyjD yifjyif
f
G f G
G f f
aqmif&uEi&eftwGu/f tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;udk zdwac:vufcv#uf &Sayonf?
G f kd f
f
H
d
jrefrmEdii. vuf&tajctaerSm Ediia&;jyem/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jyem/ pD;yGm;a&;
kfH
dS
kfH
k
jyem/ vlra&;jyem/ ynma&;jyem ponfjzifh jyemaygi;f pHw@kd onf trsKd ;om;a&;
_
k
jyemw&yftaejzifh taqmwv#if ajz&Si;f &ef awmif;qdv#u&aeayonf? Tjyemrsm;udk
k
f dS
taqmwv#if rajz&Si;f Ediygu/ wpwp,d,i;f um/ rsm;r=umrDumvtwGi;f jyemt&yf&yf
kf
k G
wd@k onf pkaygi;f ±_yaxG;vm+yD;/ tajctaeqd;k rsm;udk rajz&Si;f / rudiw,Eionfh tajctaeod@k
f
k f G f kd f
a&muf&vmEdi+f y;D / wdi;f jynfEihf vlrsKd ;twGuvnf; rar#mre;f Ediaom qd;k usKd ;rsm;. tusKd ;qufukd
dS k
k
S
f
fS kf
cHpm;=u&rnfjzpfayonf?
od@k jzpfI Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifptm%mydirsm;/ trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
kfH
D
kf
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf/ wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuitzGŒJ tpnf;tm;vH;k wd@k onf
k
kfH
D
k
kd f
,H=k unfrukd tcditrmwnfaqmuf+y;D jyem&yfrsm;udk awG@qaqG;aEG;um/tjrefq;kH ajz&Si;f &ef
_
kf
kH
vdtyfaeayonf?
k
od@k &mwGif trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f wdi;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vufeufuif
kd
k
kfH
D
k
kd
tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;wd@k rm/ óuwifpnf;urf;owfrwcsur&Sb/J awGŒqHaqG;aEG;&ef tqifoif&ae
S d
S f f d
k
h dS
=uaomfvnf;/ tm%mydirsm;rSmrl/ awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;rSonf 'Drua&pDjynf0aom jynfaxmifpk
kf
k
kd
h
jrefrmEdiiawmf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; vkyief;pOfrsm;udk aESmifaES;ap&ef/ qifajcqifvuf trsKd ;
kfH
f
h
rsdK;jyv#uf&Sdayonf? xdkodk@ ta=umif;jycsufrsm;teuf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pk
ajrmufjrm;pGm&Saejcif;a=umif/h 'Drua&pDEiiwnfaqmufa&;udk jrefjrefom;Ir&Edi/f jznf;jznf;csi;f
d
kd
kd f H
G
k
oGm;&rnf[aom ta=umif;jycsuvnf; yg0ifayonf?
l
f
371

372. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jrefrmEdiiwif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / Arm/ rGe/f &cdi/f &Sr;f ESihf tjcm;wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; trsm;
kfH G
k
k
tjym;&Sjd cif;onf/ yuwdtajctaew&yfjzpf+y;D / TuJo@kd wnf&aeaom t&Sw&m;udk vufrcHEif
h
dS
d
kd
jcif;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; trsm;tjym;&Saejcif;onf/ 'Drua&pDaz:aqmifa&;ESihf jynfaxmifpppf
k
d
kd
k
ppfrl wnfaxmifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeonf[k ta=umif;jyajymqdaeolrsm;onf
k
tqd;k jrifwwf=uolrsm;omjzpfayonf? jrefrmEdiiwif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; trsm;tjym;aexdif
kfH G k
k
v#u&jdS cif;ud/k yuwdtajctaeESihf t&Sw&m;tjzpf "rR"Ïmefusus oH;k oyf+yD;/ trsKd ;om;aygi;f
f
d
d
pnf;a&;r_w&yfukd csrwusio;kH Ediygu/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;. aumif;jrwfaom pGr;f yum;w&yfyif
S f hf k f
jzpfvmEdiayonf?
kf
xd@k a=umifh u|Eyw@kd EiiY/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; yuwdwnf&aeonfh tajctaeESihf ESpaygi;f
kf f kd f H k
dS
f
(50)ausmf jzwfoef;cJ&aom ordi;f tawGŒtóuHrsm;/ wdi;f &if;om;jyemrsm;/ EdiiwumwGif
h
k
k
kfH
óuawGŒ&aom trsKd ;om;a&;jyem tawGŒtóursm;udk &,l+cKH io;kH oyf+y;D / vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk aoG;pnf;
H
H
kH
nD!wa&;twGu/f trsKd ;om;a&;rl0g'w&yfukd csrwusio;kH &efvtyfayonf?
G f
S f hf
kd
twdwordi;f wGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
f k
k f
k
onf trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynfaxmifppw"gwukd aygi;f pnf;um/ trsKd ;om;rsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;
k d f f
qdi&m oabmw&m;ESihf rl0g'rsm; csrwEic=hJ uayonf? Tod@k csrw&mwGi/f awGŒqHaqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f
kf
S f kd f
S f
k
d d_
jcif;/ tjyeftvSetay;t,lvyjf cif;/ uwdu0wfrsm;udk vufawGŒtaumiftxnfaz: jcif;jzifh
f
k
,H=k unfrwnfaqmufum/ cufceufeaom trsKd ;om;a&;jyemrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edicayonf?
_
J
J
k f hJ
,ae@wif yifvpw"gwtajccHoabmrsm;udk wefz;kd xm; &nf!e;f ae=u&pJjzpfayonf? xduo@kd
kd
kH d f f
$
k hJ
wefz;kd xm; &nf!e;f ae=u&jcif;rSm/ AdvcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifrj_ zif/h wdi;f &if;om;nDtpfursm;
$
k f
k
kd
'Drua&pD enf;usus taustvnfaqG;aEG;n‡Ei;f +yD;/ tjyeftvSef em;vnfr,um/ oabmwl
kd
d d_
_ l
nDnwchJ =uaoma=umifjh zpfayonf? tiftm;oH;k zdtm;ay;+yD;/ wzwfowf &,lcjhJ cif;r[kway?
G f
f
Tod@k aumif;jrwfaom pHerlemrsm;ud,+l yD;/ ,ae@ jrefrmEdiióH uHawGŒ&ifqiae&aom jyem
k
kf
kd f
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f oifayonf?
h
jrefrmEdiiawmftm; 'Drua&pDjynf0+yD;/ +idr;f csr;f I zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufaom Ediiawmfukd wnfaqmuf
kfH
kd
h
kfH
rnfqygu/ 'Drua&pD. tajccHtusq;kH jzpfaom jynfoŒl qENukd av;pm;vduem&rnf? xd@k a=umifh
kd
kd
k f
xyfrwifjy&rnfqygv#i/f (1990)jynfEpf a&G;aumufywi/f jynfow@kd vGwvyfpma&G;cs,wif
H
kd
h S
JG G
l
f
G
f
ajr‡mufcaom/ a&G;aumufy.&v'fukd todtrSwðf ytaumiftxnfaz:&efvonf? xdenf;wl
hJ
JG
kd
k
pGm +ir;f csr;f IzGŒH òz;d wd;k wufaom Ediiawmfukd wnfaqmufrnfqygu/wi;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nDnwf
d
kfH
kd
kd
G
a&;onf r&Srjzpf vdtyfayonf?
d
k
wdi;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;udwnfaqmuf&mwGivnf; tajymoufoufjzifh wnfaqmufI
k
G f
k
f
372

373. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
&Edirnfr[kway? Ediia&;aºu;G a=umforsm;/ pum;vH;k tvStyrsm; oH;k ,Houfoufjzifh ,ae@&if
kf
f
kfH
H
k
qdiae&aomjyem&yfrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edivrrnfr[kway? wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. ordi;f qdif
kf
k f d hf
f
k
k k
&myuwdtajctaersm;udk qENp/JG vlrsKd ;pGuif;pGm"rR"Ïmefususo;kH oyf+yD; vufawGŒususwnf
J
d
aqmuf&ayrnf?
Tvkyief;pOfrsm;uktaumiftxnfaz:&eftwGuf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDonf
f
d
f
kd f
,H=k unfrwnfaqmufa&;/ awGŒqHaqG;aEG;a&;rSwqifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wnfaqmuf
_
k
um jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfukd ac:,lom;&rnfjzpfayonf? xdrwqifh +idr;f csr;f aom/ 'Drua&pD
f
G
kS
kd
jynf0aom/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tcGita&;rsm;udtmrcHaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpukd
h
k
hf
k
k
wnfaqmufom;&rnfjzpfayonf?
G
xd@k a=umifh Ediia&;t"dyg` ,jf ynf0aom awGŒqHaqG;aEG;&ef tvGeoifav#maeonftcsejf zpfI
kfH
h
k
f h
f
h d
Ediiawmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifponfkfH
D
(1) Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udc|i;f csur&Stjrefq;kH v$way;&ef/
kfH
k
f d
f
(2) zsuor;f cHxm;&aom wdi;f &if;om;ygwrsm;tygt0if Ediia&;ygwrsm;udk vGwvwf
f d
k
D
kfH
D
f G
vyfvyf v_y&m;cGiay;&ef/
f S hf
(3) jynforsm;tm; Ediia&;v_y&m;r_wif t[ef@twm;aESmuf,uuif;pGm yg0ifvy&m;
l
kfH
fS
G
S f
_fS
cGifhay;&ef/
(4) vGwvyfpm a&;om;xkwa0cGiay;&ef/
f
G
f
fh
ponfh tajccH'rua&pDtcGita&;rsm;udk yDyjD yifjyifaz:aqmifay;jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrwnf
D kd
hf
_
aqmufa&;udk tcditrmtkwjf rpfcsI awGŒqHaqG;aEG;v#uf trsKd ;om;a&;jyemrsm;udk yl;aygi;f
kf
k
aqmif&u=f uyg&efEihf awG@qaqG;aEG;a&;udk rwGe@f rqkwbJ tjrefq;kH aqmif&u=f u&ef av;eufpm
G
S
kH
f
G
G
wduwe;f vduonf? od@k aqmif&u=f u&mwGif wzufEiwzuf tay;t,l&=dS u&ayrnf? tay;t
k f G k f
G
S hf
,lqonfrm wzufutav;om+yD; wzufukd rxdcurepfemap&ef/ ESpO;D ESpzuf ðyomjyifom
kd
S
kd f
f f
aomenf;vrf;udk toH;k ðy=u&ayrnf[k ,ae@usa&mufonfh (56) ESpajrmuf jynfaxmifpae@tcg
f
k
or,wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDu tav;teufwuwe;f vdu&ayonf?
f
kd f
kd f G k f
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efueòf rŒd
k
1364 ckEp/f wydwvqef; (11) &uf?
S
k JG
2003ckEp/f azaz:0g&Dv (12) &uf?
S
(trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csonf?)
kd
d
373

374. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
trsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf/
dk
&Sr;wki;&if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf/
f df
dk
&cki'rua&pDtzJŒG csKyf/ rGetrsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG ESihf
d f D dk
f
dk
Zkr;trsKd;om;uGe*&ufwŒdk u etztm; Oya't&
dD
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef
f
awmif;qkdwkdufwGef;cJhygw,f?
'gayr,fh vk;0 OkH vspfvsL±+jcif; cHc&ygw,f?
H
hJ
Oya'xkwvuwoawGu Oya'ukd csKd;zsufvujf cif;jzpfygw,f?
f dk f hJ l
dk
w&m;Oya'pk;rk;a&; qdwoO;aew,fqwm jyvkujf cif;yJ jzpfygw,f?
d d
f kf
dk
d
OD;atmifa±$
16 / 9 / 1999
jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD
tydi;
kf
(3)
374

375. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'
(EdkifiH_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )
1350 jynfEp/f awmfovif;vjynfausmf ( 2 ) &uf?
h S
h
1988 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (27) &uf?
S
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyukd atmifjrifpmusi;f yEki&ef Ekiiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_
D Hk D dk
JG
G
df dfH
df
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf atmufygOya'udjk yÏmef;vkuonf?
d f
tcef ; (1)
trnf E S i f h t "d y ` g ,f a zmf j ycsuf
1?
TOya'udk Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGiap&rnf?
dfH
D
f Hk
f
2?
TOya'wGiyg&aom atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwki;f t"dyg` ,oufa&muf
f dS
d
f
ap&rnf?
(u) Ekiia&;ygwqonfrm ppfreaomygwp'rua&pDukd vufcusio;Hk aom tzGŒJ tpnf;
dfH
D kd
S
Sf
D Hk D dk
H hf
udqonf?
k dk
(c) a&G;aumufyqonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyuqonf?
JG dk
S
D Hk D dk
JG kd dk
(*) aumfr&Siqonfrm ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siukd
f dk
S
D Hk D kd
JG
f
qkonf?
d
tcef;(2)
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;
dfH
D
f Hk
3?
a&G;aumufyY 0ifa&muf,Oòf yivaom Ekiia&;ygwtoD;oD;onf owfrwxm;aom
JG
S d f dk
dfH
D
S f
enf;vrf;rsm;ESitnD rSwywif&ef aumfr&Sio@kd av#mufxm;&rnf? od@k &mwGif atmufygtzGŒJ t
hf
f Hk
f
pnf;w&yf&yfonf rSwywif&ef av#mufxm;cGir&Sap& ?
f Hk
hf d
(u) wnfqOya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aomtzGŒJ tpnf;?
J
(c) Ekiiawmftm; vufeufpuiI awmfve/f ykeuefaeaom aomif;useotzGŒJ tpnf;?
dfH
JG kd f
S f
f l
(*) EkiiawmfyiaiGa=u;/ taqmufttk/H ,mOf/ ypPn;f wk@d ukd wku±ujf zpfap/ oG,0uaom
dfH
kd f
d f dk
f kd f
enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGonftzGŒJ tpnf;?
J h
(C) EkiijH cm;wki;f jynfwckc. tpd;k &od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzGŒJ tpnf; od@k r[kwf tjcm;t
df
d
k
zGŒJ tpnf;wckcrS aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHukd wku±ujf zpfap/ oG,0uf
k
h
d f dk
f kd
aomenf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGonftzGŒJ tpnf;?
J h
(i) bmoma&;udk Ekiia&;udptwGuf tvGo;Hk pm;ðyaomtzGŒJ tpnf;?
dfH
P
J
375

376. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
(p) jynfoŒl wyfrawmf/ jynfoŒl &JwyfzŒJG paomumuG,a&;wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/ jynfoŒl 0efxrf;
f
tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ekiiyip;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f aumfya&;&Si;f / tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;rS
d f H kd f
kd
0efxrf;rsm;ESifh Ekiiawmfb¾maiGrS vpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonftzGŒJ
dfH
h
tpnf;?
4?
rnfonfEiia&;ygwrqkd TOya't& rSwywifci&&S+d yD;rSomv#if a&G;aumufywif
h dk f H
D
f Hk G hf
JG G
0ifa&muf,Oòf ydici&onf?
S f G hf dS
tcef ; (3)
aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
5?
Ekiia&;ygwwcku rSwywifay;&efav#mufxm;onftcg owfrwxm;aom enf;vrf;
dfH
D
f Hk
h
S f
rsm;ESitnD ppfaq;+yD;aemuf aumfr&Sionf fh
f
(u) rSwywifciðfh yEkionf? od@k r[kwf
f Hk G d f
(c) rSwywifciðhf y&ef jiif;qkEionf//
f Hk
G
d dk f
6?
a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aom Ekiia&;ygwwckonf yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ
JG
f Hk G hf
dfH
D
f
f
(u)(c)(*)(C) od@k r[kwf (i)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SiuawGŒ
f
&Sv#if rSwywifciðhf ycJjh cif;udy,fzsu&rnf?
d
f Hk G
k
f
7?
a&G;aumufyusi;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwywifci&&S+d y;D aom Ediia&;ygwwckonf yk'r 3/ yk'rcGJ
JG
f Hk G hf
kfH
D
f
f
(p)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SiuawGŒ&Sv#if ,if;tzGŒJ tpnf;wGif
f
d
yg0ifonfh oufqi&myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; ygw0iftjzpfrEwxuap&ef aumfr&Siu oufqi&m
dk f
D
S _ f G f
f
dk f
Ekiia&;ygwEifh oufqi&m0efxrf;tzGŒJ tpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
dfH
D S
dk f
8?
yk'r 5/ 6 od@k r[kwf 7 t& aumfr&Si. qk;H jzwfcsuonf t+yD;tjywfjzpfonf?
f
f
f
tcef ; (4)
taxG a xG
9/
aumfr&Sionf TOya'yg jyÏmef;csursm;udk aqmif&u&efvtyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/
f
f
G f dk
vkyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !¸e=f um;csursm;udk xkwjf yefEionf?
f
f
f
dk f
376

377. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
a-unmcsuftrSwf(9)
ae@pJG - 1989 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &uf?
S
D
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'oabmxm;ESihf
kd
a,bk,svkyief;pOfrsm;udk a-unmjcif;?
f
“'D r d k u a&pD j ynf a xmif p k o pf ”
jynfaxmifpwckv;Hk . Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;/ u¾e,fy,ftm;vH;k Y tjynf0qH;k aom
k
kfH
_
h
'Drua&pDtajctaersm;azmfxwa&;ESihf tppfreq;Hk aom 'Drua&pDEiiawmfopfwnfaqmuf
kd
k f
Sf
kd
kd f H
a&;udk OD;wnfa&Sα_jcif;?
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k vufwrðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nD!wrj_ zifh jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnf
k
JG
G f
wHci+f rJa&;/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifp}k uD;+idr;f csr;f om,ma&;udk OD;wnf
h kd
a&Sα_jcif;?
jynfaxmifpzm;wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . tcGita&;wef;wl&nfwrukd vufcv#uf
kG k
hf
l_
H
rnfonfvrsKd ;udr# txl;tcGita&;ray;a&;ESihf vlrsKd ;EG,/f vlrsKd ;pktm;vH;k . cHpm;xdu/f cHpm;tyf
h l k
hf
k
aom rnfonftcGita&;udr# csKyfcs,uef@owfrrðya&;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
h
hf
k
f
_
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k udk Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;u¾e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y ud,yif
k
dfH
_
k f kd
jyÏmef;cGi&a&;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
hf dS
e,fy,fa'otoD;oD;rS wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&ur/_ uln±i;f yif;r_/
k
G f
D kd
0di;f 0ef;yHy;kd r_jzifh jynfaxmifp}k u;D wckv;kH ESihf jynfaxmifp}k u;D . jynfe,fa'otpdwtydi;f toD;oD;
k
h
f k
. }uD;yGm;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyonf txufyg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udk tajccHv#uf wdi;f &if;
kd
f
k
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.ta&;ESipyfv#O;f aom a,bk,svyief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdi;f csrwaqmif
hf
kf
k S f
&Guom;rnfjzpfonf?
f G
(1) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHyg0ifaom jynfovx}k u;D w&yfv;kH ESitwl waoG;wom;wnf;
k
k
l l
hf
377

378. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vufwv#u/f 'Drua&pDpepfwnfaqmufrta&;awmfy}Hk u;D udk atmifyconftxd wduf
JG
kd
_
JG H
k
yG0ifom;rnf?
J G
(2) 'Drua&pDpepf atmifjrifpmwnfaqmufEiv#if jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnfwcijf ra&;/ zGŒH òz;d wd;k
kd
G
dk f
hH kd J
wufa&;/ +ir;f csr;f om,ma&;/ wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;wnf;[laom
d
k
G f
'Drua&pDvŒl abmifopf. tajccHtwjf rpfrsm;udk tcditrmcsEiap&eftvd@k im yifvnD
kd
k
kf
dk f
S
Hk
vmcH}u;D uJo@kd aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D . tem*wfc&D;vrf;!¸ersm;udk csrwEirnfh wdi;f &if;
h
f
S f kd f
k
om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pktrsKd ;om;!dEi;f r_nvmcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yrnf?
H
S d_
D
(3) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pktrsKd ;om;!SEi;f r_nvmcH}uD;wGif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k .
k
H
d d_
D
k
ud,yijf yÏmef;cGi/hf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . tcGita&;wef;wl&nfwci/hf vlrsKd ;pk}uD;
k f kd
k
hf
lG
wck. e,fy,fa'otwGi;f rSwif;aexdiv#uf ud,yipum;/ ud,yi,Ofaus;r_/ ud,yif
D
kf
k f kd f
k f kd f
k f kd
e,fajra'o&Saom vlrsKd ;pki,frsm;. oD;jcm;e,fajrqdi&mud,yitycsKyr_ ponfta&;
d
k f k f kd f k f f
h
udprsm;ESipyfvsO;f I trsm;oabmwlnr#aom jyÏmef;csursm;udcsrwrnf?
P
hf
D
f
k S f
(4) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pktrsKd ;om;!dEi;f r_nvmcH}uD;wGif jynfaxmifpzm;wdi;f &if;om;
k
H
S d_
D
kG k
tm;vH;k . aoG;pnf;cdirmr_ukd ,dr;f ,diòf yuaeapjcif;/ Ekiia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; bufaygi;f
kf
k d JG
dfH
_
pkwif 'kuyifv,fa0aev#u&onfh jynfaxmifptwGi;f qufvufjzpfay:r_rsm; t+y;D wdif
H G
Q
f dS
k
k
acsaysmufcsKyf+idr;f apa&;twGuf Ekiia&;enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf ajz&Si;f Eki&ef!Ei;f rnf?
dfH
df
Sd d_
(5) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH trsKd ;om;!dEi;f r_nvmcH}uD;wGif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k ESihf
k
S d_
D
k
jynfe,ftm;vH;k . pD;yGm;zHŒG òzd;wd;k wufa&;/ ud,yipmay/ xH;k wrf;,Ofaus;r_Eihf bmom
k f kd f
S
pum;rsm;pnfyifxe;f um;a&;ESihf tjyeftvSetwGuf cdirmwdusaom 0di;f 0ef;yhy;kd r_/
G
f
kf
k
H
tmrcHr/_ av;pm;apmifxe;f r_/ &if;ES;D ðryfEr_ vkyief;pOfcsrwrrsm;udk azmfxwrnf?
h d
HS
f
S f _
k f
(6) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pktrsKd ;om;!SEi;f r_nvmcH}u;D . jyÏmef;csursm;tm; tajccHvrf;
k
H
d d_
D
f
!¸eZ,m;rsm;tjzpfvufuiðf yv#uf jynfaxmifpzm;wdi;f &if;om;tm;vH;k twGuf vlr_
f
kd
kG k
a&;&mYvnf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;&mYvnf;aumif;/ Ediia&;&mYvnf;aumif;/ w&m;r#wr_
kfH
jzpfxe;f apum tqiftwef; tcGita&;ESihf Oya'oufa&mufrw@kd wif yuwdwnap
G
h
hf
_
G
l D
onftjyif vlŒtcGita&;ESivrvwvyfrrsm;udk tjynft0cHpm;apEdionfh jyÏmef;csuf
h
hf
hf l _ G f _
h
kf
rsm;/ tmrcHcsursm;/ wm0efEivyyicirsm; paom Ediiawmf.yHo¾mefEihf &nfre;f
f
S hf k f kd f G hf
kfH
k
S
S
csursm;tm; tcditrm/ twdtus owfrwazmfxwaom EdiiawmfzŒJG pnf;yHtajccH
f
kf
S f
k f
kfH
k
Oya'opfw&yfukd 'Drua&pDwi;f jynfðyv$wawmfwi!Ei;f a&;qGrnf?
kd
kd
f
G f dS d_
J
(7) tajccHOya'opfonf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;/ wef;wl&nfwl
k
G f
tcGita&;cHpm;&&Sa&;/ tjyeftvSe0i;f 0ef;ulny;l aygi;f a&;pdw"gww@kd jzifh 'Drua&pD
hf
d
f kd
D
f f
kd
jynfaxmifpk}uD; t"Gef@&Snf=umwnfwef@cdkif+rJa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vHk;
waoG;/ woH/ wpdw/f w0rf; vufwrðzwfpwrf; yl;aygi;f &yfwnfEia&;udtmrcH&ef óu;d
JG
kd f
k
yrf;rnf?
u|Eyw@kd onf AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESiwuG Ekiia&;acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm; ðypkysKd ;axmifcaom
fk f
k f
hf
dfH
hJ
378

379. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkiiawmf}uD;xGe;f um;&ef tajccHtwjf rpfjzpfonfh yifvpw"gw&ioefzŒHG òzd;
dfH
k
kH d f f S f
a&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ 'Drua&pDta&;tcif;wGif aoG;ajrusc&aom ausmif;om;vli,f &[ef;
f
kd
hJ
&Sivrsm;.opPmudk apmifoaomtm;jzifh vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udtmrcHonfh ppfreaom'Drua&pD
f l
h d
hf
k
Sf
kd
&&Svmonftxdvnf;aumif; ZG/J owWw@kd jzifh nDn!w!wóf u;d yrf;oGm;=urnf[k tav;teuf
d
d
D G f G
t"dÏmefðyygonf?
1989 ckEp/f azaz:0g&Dv/ 12 &ufaeŒ (42 )ESpajrmuf jynfaxmifpaeŒY
S
f
k
&Sr;jynfe,fawmifyi;/ vGKd ifvifc±di/f yifvòHk rdŒ&Swi;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!wr.
f
kd f
k
d kd f
G f+
jy,k*jf zpfonfh yifvausmufwia&SΠwGif a':atmifqef;pk-unfu,wizwf-um;onf?
kH
kd f
kd f kd f
1990 jynfEp/f ZGev (29) &ufae‹rS Zlviv (2) &ufae‹txd &efueòf rdŒd &Sd 0di/f trf/pD/at cef;r-uD;wGif
hS f
dk f
k
k
usif;ycJonfh jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; Ekiia&;ygwDtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. 'kw,t}udrnvmcHrS
h
k dk f
dfH
d
f D
w&m;0iftwnfðycJaom jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS a&G;aumufyt_yD;wGif
h
k dk f
dk
JG
trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&G;aumufytEki&&Srukd vlxatmifytjzpf óudqa-umif;xkwjf yefconfh
kd
JG d f d +
k
JG
dk
hJ
“jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;Ekiia&;ygwDaygif;pkoabmxm;a-unmcsuf”
k kd f
dfH
H
(0di/f trf/pD/at a-unmpmwrf;)
k
a&G;aumufyGJtjyD;
jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; EkdifiHa&;ygwDaygif;pkH
oabmxm;a-unmcsuf
1?
,cktcg e0w ppftpd;k &rS }u;D rª;usi;f yaom a&G;aumufyonf atmifjrifpm+y;D qk;H cJyg+y?
JG
G
h D
a&G;aumufyumvESihf a&G;aumufyrwkicifu rnfuo@kd aom[ef@wm;aESmif,urrsKd ;óuawGŒcJ&
JG
JG d f
hJ
h S f_
H
h
onfjzpfap/ jynfovxw&yfv;Hk u &J&ifwnf=unfpm/ owd}u;D pGm/ tar#mtjrif}u;D pGm/ pnf;urf;
l l k
h
G
f
tda¹EN}uD;pGmjzifh a&G;aumufywif rdrw@dk .qENreuazmfxwjf yocJ=h uonf? jynfovxw@dk .
JG G d
S f kd
k
l l k
&J&ifaompGr;f aqmifrEifh rSeuefjywfom;aomqk;H jzwfcsu.atmifyonf wefz;dk }uD;vSygonf?
h
_ S f
f
JG
Tatmifyukd v_uvpmóudqtyfayonf?
JG
d f JS G
dk
2?
e0w ppftpd;k &onf vGwvyfoef@&i;f Iw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyukd usi;f yay;onf
f
S
JG
[kqapumr_/ xka&G;aumufyusi;f yaecdsewif Ekiia&;ygwtcsKd ŒrS acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ausmif;om;
dk
d
JG
f G dfH
D
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf Ekiia&;orm;rsm;pGmwk@d ukd axmifoi;f tusO;f csxm;cJygonf? xk@d tjyif e0w
dfH
G
h
ppftpd;k &u tm%modr;f onftcserS e,fpyfa'orsm;od@k awmckom;=uaom ausmif;om;vli,f
h df
d G
379

380. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
trsm;tjym;vnf; awmfvea&;pcef;rsm;wGi&ae=uygonf? xko@kd zrf;qD;cH&onfh Ekiia&;tusO;f
Sf
f dS
d
dfH
om;rsm;vGwajrmufa&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ awmfvea&;pcef;toD;oD;wGia&muf&ae=uaom
f
f
Sf
f
dS
ausmif;om;vli,frsm; +ir;f csr;f pGmjynfawmfjyefEia&;twGuvnf;aumif;/ jynfovxu t=urf;
d
dk f
f
l l k
rzufyJ +idr;f csr;f pGmaqmif&uEiaom wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm a&G;aumufywif carmuf
G f dk f
JG G
oauFwa&SŒY =uufajccwfwqy±uEyI qENray;jcif;omjzpfayawmhonf? xk@d a=umifh trsKd ;
H d f kd f dS f
J
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.atmifyonf vlxatmifytppftrSejf zpfaeygawmhonf?
dk
JG
k
JG
3?
,ae@trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&G;aumufyatmifjrifronf vGwvyfa&;tóud
dk
JG
_
f
umvwGiusi;f ycJaom wki;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfa&G;aumufywif zqyvtzGŒJ csKyf.atmifjrifr_
f
h
d
f
JG G
ESihf qifqifwaeygonf? xktcdseu vGwvyfa&;&vkpwf jyif;jypGmjzifh zqyvtzGŒJ csKyukd vlxw
l
d
f
f
dd
f
k
&yfv;Hk u ykatmIrJay;cJ=h uygonf? ,ckvnf; 'Drua&pD&&Sa&;qENjyif;jypGmjzifh trsKd ;om;'Drdk
H
dk
d
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ykatmIrJay;=ujyefyg+yD? ,if;onf orki;f wa=umhjyefvnfjcif;jzpfI u|Eyf
H
d
kf
wk@d taejzifh taumif;a&mtqk;d yg ordi;f oifcef;pm,lwwf&ef ta&;}uD;ygonf?
k
4?
vGwvyfa&;tóudumvwGif u|Eyw@dk wi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f wk@d onf æ
f
kf f
dk
(u) vGwvyfa&;&csiaZm}uD;vGe;f jcif;/
f
f
(c) AdvcsKyfatmifqef;udk ,k=H unfu;kd pm;vGe;f jcif;/
k f
(*) AdvcsKyfatmifqef; usq;Hk +yD;aemuf olŒtay: u±k%moufve;f jcif;/
k f
G
(xkoŒkd yk*~dKvfa&;u±k%moufrveuI (rl) tay:rSm tav#may;onf txd
d
+ Gf J
h
jzpfc&onf// txl;ojzifh zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yXmef;aomtcg vlrsd K;pk
hJ
H
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf AdvcsKyfatmifqef; aemufyi;wufvmaom zqyv acgif;
k f
kd f
aqmifrsm;ESihf tajctwifaqG;aEG;jcif;rðyawmhyJ tav#mhay;cJ-h uygonf?)
(C) Ediia&;ESihf Oya' em;vnfu|r;f usirr&Sjd cif; ponftm;enf;csursm;&SaecJygonf?
kfH
f_
h
f d h
tqkygtm;enf;csursm;a=umifh wki;f jynf.tem*wfu=H urRmudk tqk;H tjzwfay;
d
f
d
rnfh zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yÏmef;aomtcg AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf
f Hk
k f
awmifwef;a'oacgi;f aqmifrsm; yifvnvmcHwif oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqconfh
Hk D
G
dk hJ
twdi;f vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkwef;wl&nfwy;l aygi;f aom ppfreonfjh ynfaxmifpjk zpfrvmbJ/
k
H
l
Sf
jynfaxmifppepfEihf wjynfaxmifpepf a&maESmxm;aom twkta,mifjynf
k
S
axmifpjk zpfvmcJygonf?
h
5?
u|Eyw@dk onf óucz;l aomorki;f oifcef;pmudk tav;teufxm;+y;D trdsK;om;'Drua&pD
kf f
H hJ
d
dk
tzGŒJ csKy.atmifyukd óuq&ayrnf? ,cktcg e0wppftpd;k &onf jynfovxa&G;cs,wifajrmuf
f
JG
d kd
l l k
f
‡
xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd Ekiiawmftm%mv$ajymif;ay;&ef zGŒJ pnf;ykH
f
kd f
f
dfH
J
tajccHOya'r&Sao;yg[aomta=umif;jycsujf zifh jiif;qefaeygonf? xk@d a=umifh u|Eyw@dk onf
d
l
fk f
'Drua&pDt&yfom;tpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;ESihf tm%mv$ajymif;ay;a&;twGuf tvGetrif;qENapm+y;D /
dk
J
f
wki;f jynf.uH=urRmudk tqk;H tjzwfay;rnfh t"dujyemjzpfaom zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qGjJ y
d
H
380

381. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
Ïmef;a&;udk owdvufvwrjzpfoifay? orki;f oifcef;pmt& jynfwi;f +ir;f csr;f a&;tygt0if wki;f
G f
h
d
G d
d
&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. vlrsKd ;qki&mtcGita&;tjynft0&&Sa&;udk tmrcHcsuay;Ekionfh ppfref
df
hf
h
d
f df
S
aomjynfaxmifppepfjzifh EkiiawmfzŒJG pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yÏmef;a&;onf t"duta&;}uD;
k
dfH
H
qk;H jyemjzpfygonf? xkenf;wl jynfoŒl qENEitnD/ jynfovxua&G;cs,wifajrmufxm;aom
d
S hf
l l k
f
‡
jynfoŒl ud,pm;vS,tppftrSersm;vufxo@kd Ediiawmftm%mv$ajymif;ay;a&;onfvnf;
k f
f
f
J
kfH
J
,ae@wi;f jynf. vufiif;jyem}uD;jzpfaeygonf?
dk
6?
tm%mv$ajymif;a&;ESiywfoufI uGsEyw@dk .oabmxm;rSm 1990 jynfEp/f ar (27)
J
hf
fk f
hS
&ufae@wiusi;f yaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyonf EkiiawmftcsKyftjcmtm
Gf
D Hk D kd
JG
dfH
%m. rlvydi&ijf zpfaom jynfovxu rdrw@dk . arG;&mygtcGita&;tjzpfyiqixm;aom
kf S
l l k
d
hf
dk f dk f
Ekiiawmftm%mudk rdrw@dk u,pm; tok;H ðycGiay;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk
dfH
d
kd f
hf
f
kd f
f
a&G;cs,jf cif;jzpf&m jynfovxu ,H=k unfpma&G;cs,xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
l l k
G
f
f
kd f
rsm;/ jynfovxu rdrw@dk yiqixm;aom tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk =unfjzLpGmtoH;k ðycGiay;xm;
l l k
d kd f dk f
hf
onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;xHo@kd e0w ppftpk;d &u Ekiiawmftm%mudk tjrefq;Hk
f
kd f
f
dfH
v$tyfay;&efrwyg; tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Syg? Ekiiawmftm%mwGif Oya'ðytm%m/ tkycsKyfa&;tm
J
S
d dfH
f
%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwk@d yg0ifonfjzpfI vlxxrS Ekiiawmftm%mv$tyfjcif;cH&aom
k H dfH
J
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qGciEiwygwnf; wki;f jynf.
f
kd f
f
H
J G hf S hf
d
tkycsKyfa&;,E &m;tm;vk;H udk udiw,aqmif&uyici&onf[k tav;teuf,=Hk unfygonf?
f
W
kf G f
G f kd f G hf dS
7?
,ae@u|Eyw@dk qifEaeaom 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD;.yef;wkionf wki;f jynfEivl
fk f
GJ
dk
df
d
S hf
rsKd ;. tem*wfu=H urRmudk tmrcHcsuay;rnfh 'Drua&pDxe;f um;+yD; wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H
f
kd
G
d
Ekiia&;t& wef;wl&nfwtcGita&;&&Sonfh ppfreaomjynfaxmifppepfwnfaqmufa&;yif
dfH
l
hf
d
S f
k
jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh u|Eyw@dk .yef;wkiukd rsuajcjywfrcHbJ tm%mv$ajymif;&,l+yD;rS zGŒJ pnf;
fk f
df
f
J
yktajccHOya'uda&;qGonfjzpfap/ zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'a&;qG+J yD;rS tm%mv$ajymif;&,lonf
k
J
H
J
jzpfap/ topfa&;qGjJ yÏmef;rnfh EkiiawmfzŒJG pnf;yktajccHOya'onf atmufygt*F g&yfrsm;ESihf
dfH
H
nD!wap&rnf[k av;eufpmcH,xm;ygonf?
G f
G l
(u) 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;udk tjynft0 jyÏmef;umuG,&rnf?
kd
S hf
hf
h
f
(c) jrefrmEkiitwGi;f &Sd wki;f &if;om;vlrsd K;tm;vk;H udk Ekiia&;t& wef;wl&nfwtcGihf
dfH
d
dfH
l
ta&;&&Sap&rnf?
d
(*) ppfreaom jynfaxmifppepfay:wGif tajccHaom EkiiawmfzŒJG pnf;yktajccHOya'
S f
k
dfH
H
jzpf&rnf//
(C) jynfaxmifptzGŒJ 0if jynfe,frsm;udk zGŒJ pnf;aomtcg yx0Dtaetxm;ay:tajc
k
cHI zGŒJ pnf;jcif;rjzpfapyJ/ vlrsd K;udtajccHaomjynfe,frsm;omjzpf&rnf? qkvonf
k
d dk
rSm wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm;omjzpf&rnf?
k
(i) wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm;udk ud,yijf yÏmef;cGihf Ekiia&;tm%m
d
k f kd
dfH
381

382. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tjynft0tyfEi;f xm;&rnf? qkvonfrm jynfe,frsm;tm; Oya'ðytm%m/
h
S
d dk
S
tkycsKyfa&;tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwk@d ukd tjynft0tyfEi;f xm;&rnf?
f
h
S
xk@d jyif wEkiiv;Hk twki;f twmjzifh aqmif&u&ef jynfaxmifptpk;d &tm; v$tyf
dfH
d
G f
k
J
xm;aom vkyyicitm%mrsm;rSty ºuGi;f useaom vkyyicitm%m Ref kd f G hf
f
f kd f G hf
sidual Power rsm;udtyfEi;xm;&rnf?
k
Sf
(p) trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm; wef;wl&nfwy;l aygi;f I jynfaxmifptpd;k &udzŒJG pnf;&rnf?
l
k
k
jynfaxmifptpd;k &tm; wEkiiv;Hk twki;f twmjzifh aqmif&u&rnfh Ekiiawmfum
k
dfH
d
G f
dfH
uG,a&;/ aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwvya&;/ EkiijH cm;qufo,a&;ESihf tjcm;,m,D
f
f k f
df
G f
v$tyfxm;aomvkyyicitm%mrsm;udk tyfEi;f xm;&rnf? xk@d jyif Ekiiawmf
J
f kd f G hf
S
dfH
tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfaxmifptpk;d &Yomwnf&ap&rnf?
k
dS
(q) jynfaxmifpvwawmfwif vlrsKd ;pkvwawmf (txufvwawmf) ESifh jynfoŒl v$wf
k $ f
G
$ f
$ f
awmf (atmufvwawmf) [lI v$wawmfEp&yfxm;&S&rnf/ vlrsKd ;pkvwawmfwif
$ f
f
Sf
d
$ f
G
jynfe,frsm;rS v$wawmfu,pm;vS,O;D a& tnDtr#apv$w=f u&rnf? od@k rmom
f
kd f
f
S
wki;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. trdsK;om;jynfe,frsm;wef;wl&nfwy;l aygi;f aom jynf
d
l
axmifpqonftESpom& ay:vGirnf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfwif vlO;D a&tcsKd ;tpm;
k dk h f
f
f
G
tvkuf v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk apv$w=f u&rnf?
d
f
kd f
f
8?
'Drua&pDxe;f um;+yD; wki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ekiia&;t&wef;wl&nfwtcGita&;&
dk
G
d
dfH
l
hf
&Sonfh ppfreaomjynfaxmifppepfukd wnfaqmufEirom jynfwi;f ppfukd trSðD yI&Sioefaeaom
d
Sf
k
dk f S
G
f
tm%m&SipepfcsKyf+ir;f um 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;yGivef;aom acwfrEiiawmfukd xlaxmif
f
d
dk
S hf
hf
hf
DS dk f H
Ekirnfjzpfa=umif; wifjyvkuayonf?
df
d f
“'Drua&pDEihf wef;wla&;wkuyJG rkcsatmif&rnf”
dk
S
d f
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ. a-unmcsuf
382

383. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a-unmcsufrSwf 1§90
1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; 6 &uf?
S
f
1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv 27 &uf ?
h S
kd f
1?
jrefrmEdiionf 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wif vH;k 0vGwvyfaom tcsKyftjcm
kfH
S
D
G
f
tm%mydiEiijH zpfconf?
k f kd f
hJ
2?
1988 ckEptwGi;f ta&;tcif;rsm;jzpfay: cJojzifh Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k wGif tajctaet&yf
Sf
h
kfH
&yf,,i;f ysujf ym;cJonf? xko@kd ,d,i;f ysujf ym;cJonftajctaet&yf&yfukd tcserxe;f odr;f
kd G
h
d
k G
h h
d f D d
Edi&eftwGuf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k tusKd ;iSm wyfrawmfu Ediiawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd
kf
kfH
vH;k 0wm0ef,conf? jynfoŒl v$wawmftygt0if Ediiawmftm%myditzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udk zsuf
l hJ
f
kfH
kf
odr;f vsuf Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ udzŒJG pnf;um wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfukd aqmif
kfH
df
k
&Gurnfjzpfa=umif;a=unm+yD; Ediiawmf.ta&;udpt00udk wm0ef,aqmif&uconf?
f
kfH
P
l
G f hJ
3?
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf EdiiawmftwGi;f +idr0yfyjd ym;a&;/
kfH
f
kfH
f
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xda&mufpmxde;f odr;f Edi&ef vdtyfaom
G
kf
k
Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsu/f Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfaomtrde@f rsm;udk xkwjf yefconf?
h
hJ
4?
jynforsm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef yk*vu/ or0g,rESihf zufpyfvyief;rsm;
l
~ d
kf
vkyuiEiap&eftwGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfapaom Oya'rsm;udy,fzsu+f yD; vdtyfaomOya'/
f kd f kd f
k
k
trde@f / !¸e=f um;csu/f Oya'uJo@kd tm%mwnfaom trde@f rsm;udvnf; xkwjf yefvsuf vufawGŒ
h
k
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifvsu&onf? xkjd yif Ediiawmf.a&&SntusKd ;pD;yGm;;udar#mre;f I vkyf
f dS
kfH
f
k fS
aqmifoifonfrsm;udvnf; vkyaqmifvsu&onf?
h
k
f
f dS
5?
Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k wGif vrf;yef;qufo,r_
kfH
df
kfH
G f
vHòk cacsmarGŒap&efEihf wd;k wufaumif;rGeap&eftwGuf aqmif&uoifonfrsm;udvnf; aqmif&uf
H
S
f
G f h
k
G
vsu&onf?
f dS
6?
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ wyfrawmfonf rnfonfzŒJG pnf;yHtajccH
kfH
f
h
k
Oya'udr# vduemusio;kH aomtzGŒJ tpnf;r[kwbJ Ediiawmfukd rm&S,avm (Martial Law)
k k f
hf
f kfH
f
jziftycsKyfaeaom tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfa=umif;/ Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tpd;k &
h k f
kfH
f
onf ppftpd;k &tjzpftycsKyfvsu&a=umif;ESihf ukvor*~tygt0if urBmEiitoD;oD;rS vufcH
kf
f dS
h kd f H
xm;onfh tpd;k &jzpfa=umif; tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf?
383

384. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
7?
Ediiwumqufqa&;ESiywfoufI Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf
kfH
H
hf
kfH
f
vGwvyfIwufºuGaom EdiijH cm;a&;0g'udusio;kH rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h yD; EdiitoD;oD;ESihf
f
kf
k hf
kfH
csp=f unfpm qufqvsu&onf? Ediitcsi;f csi;f oHwrefqufqa&; wd;k wufaumif;rGeap&ef
G
H
f dS
kfH
H
f
jrefrmEdii&dS rnfonfo±;kH udr# ,cktcsetxdywyifjcif;r&SbJ qufvufxm;&Sciðhf y+y;D yHrequf
kfH
h H k
df
d f
d
dG
kSf
qHaeonfenf;wl EdiijH cm;wki;f jynfrsm;wGif jrefrmoH±;kH rsm;udvnf; ±kyor;f jcif;rðybJ qufvuf
h
kf
d
k
f d
zGivpxm;&Sum yHrequfqvsu&onftjyif ,cifu oH±;kH r&ScaomEdiiwEdiiwif oH±;kH topf
hf S f
d
kSf
H f dS h
d hJ
kfH kfH G
w±H;k wk;d csŒJ zGivpconf?
hf S f hJ
8?
jrefrmEdiionf ukvor*~tzGŒJ 0ifEiijH zpfonfEitnD urBmEiia&;udp&yfrsm;ESihf
kfH
kd f
S hf
h kd f H
P
ukvor*~qi&mvkyief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&u&mwGif ukvor*~qi&mjrefrmoH±;kH onf jrefrm
kd f
f
G f
kd f
Edii. EdiijH cm;a&;0g'udk wduspmvduemaqmif&uvsu&onf? EdiiwumESiqufq&mwGif
kfH kf
G k f
G f
f dS
kfH
hf
H
jrefrmEdiionf +idr;f csr;f pGmtwl,Owaexdia&;rlEitnD vduemusio;kH vsu&onf? xd@k jyif
kfH
S f JG
kf
S hf
k f
hf
f dS
jrefrmEdiionf rdr.vGwvyfrukd xde;f odr;f umuG,vsuf rdr.jynfwi;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpuzuf
kfH
d
f _
f
d
G
G f
jcif;rsm;udvnf; ukvor*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;ESitnD vduemusio;kH vsu&onf?
k
hf
k f
hf
f dS
9?
Ediitcsi;f csi;f qufqa&;ysujf ym;apr_ua&Smif&m;&ef oHwreftcsKd Œ. oHwrefusi0wf
kfH
H
kd
S
hf
azmufzsurrsm;udvnf; oabmxm;}u;D pGmjzifh oHwreftrnfEihf Ediitrnfrsm;udk xkwazmfjcif;
f_
k
S kfH
f
rðybJ rdrw@kd jynfwi;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpuzufjcif;rðy&ef t}udr}f udrajym=um;cJonf? xd@k jyif
d
G
G f
f
h
oHwrefenf;vrf;rsm;ESitnD oufqi&moH±;kH rsm;od@k vnf; ta=umif;=um;cJygonf? ,if;od@k
hf
kd f
h
aqmif&ujf cif;jzifh Ediitcsi;f csi;f / tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f qufqa&;ysujf ym;aprnfh udp&yfrsm;udk
G
kfH
H
P
a&Smif&m;Edicaoma=umifh ,ae@xd rnfonfjh yemr# ay:aygucjhJ cif;r&Syg? oHwreftcsKd Œ.
S k f hJ
f
d
vky&yfa=umifh rdrw@kd tpd;k &tay: txiftjrifvrm;r_uvnf; oabmxm;}u;D pGmxm;I oHwref
f
d
JG S
kd
enf;jzifom ajz&Si;f aqmif&uconf?
h
G f hJ
10?
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) onf Ediiawmf.wm0efukd
kfH
f
kfH
,lconftcserpI jynfaxmifpròydua&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wrròydua&;/ tcsKyftjcm
hJ h d f S
k
JG
k
G f_
JG
tm%mwnfwci+f ra&;wd@k ukd pG+J rpmudipaqmif&uvsu&onf? wzufwivnf; vufeufpuif
hH kd J
J G k f JG
G f f dS
Gf
JG kd
qlyaomif;use;f olrsKd ;pHukd wyfrawmfom;rsm;. touf/ aoG;/ ac|; ajrmufrsm;pGm ay;vSLv#uf
l
k
xd;k ppf}uD;rsm;jzifacsre;f cJonfrm tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf? wyfrawmfonf Ediia&;tzGŒJ tpnf;
h _ h
S
kfH
r[kwojzifh qlyaomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf Ediia&;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;udk ðyvkycjhJ cif;r&Syg?
f
l
kfH
f
d
od@k &mwGif vufeufuivrf;pOfupe@f vwI tvif;0ifvmolrsm;udk aumif;rGepmvufcóH udqI
kd f
kd $ $ f
fG
kd
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;vkyief;rsm;udk tzGŒJ tpnf;jzifaqmif&uvsu&onf? Ediiawmf+idr0yf
f
h
G f
f dS
kfH
f
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Ediia&;tpd;k &r[kwojzifh rnfonfvufeufuiaomif;use;f
kfH
f
h
kd f
oltzGŒJ tpnf;ESir# Ediia&;t&aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;ðy&efta=umif;r&Say?
hf k f H
d
384

385. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
11?
Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) onf ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
dfH
f
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f yEdi&ef ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&SiOya'udk
JG
kf
D kH D kd
JG
f
jyÏmef;vsuf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&Siukd zGŒJ pnf;ay;cJonf? a&G;aumufy0if
D kH D kd
JG
f
h
JG
vdaomEdiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifEi&ef Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya'udk jyÏmef;cJonf? xd@k jyif
k
kfH
D
f kH kd f k f H
D
f kH
h
vGwvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f yEdi&ef jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
D kH D kd
JG
kf
f
a&G;aumufyOya'udvnf; jyÏmef;ay;cJonf?
JG
k
h
12? jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'r 3 wGif “v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESihf
f
f
f
tnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [lI jyÏmef;
‡
kd f
f
kd f
f
yg&onf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEitnD v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnf
dS
f S hf
f
kfH
f
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ uaqmif&uay;rnf? xko@kd vwawmfac:,lEi&eftwGuf ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
G f
d $ f
kd f
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu aqmif&u&efup&yfrsm;/ a&G;aumufywif ud,pm;vS,f
JG
f
G f dP
JG G k f
ta&G;cH&onfygwrsm;ESihf a&G;aumufywif ta&G;cH&onfy*Kd~ vrsm;u aqmif&u&efup&yfrsm;udk
h D
JG G
hk f
G f dP
Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESitnD aqmif&uxm;=u&ef tcgtm;avsmpm owif;xkwf jyefa&;tzGŒJ u
hf
G f
fG
&Si;f vif;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
13?
,ae@ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;onfaemufyi;f wGif v$wawmf
D kH D kd
h
kd
f
ac:,la&;/ t%mv$ajymif;a&;udprsm;ESipyfvsO;f I pmapmifrsm;xkwa0aejcif;/ aqG;aEG;jiif;cHk
J
P
hf
f
aejcif;/ jynfytoHviXmersm;rS a&SŒaqmifvrf;jyvkyjf cif;/ aoG;xd;k vHŒ_ aqmfjcif;/ w&m;r0ifpm&Guf
$ hf
pmwrf;rsm;xkwa0jcif;rsm; ðyvkyae=uonf?
f
f
14?
v$wawmfac:,la&;ESiywfoufI txufwif &Si;f vif;az: jycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? tm%mv$J
f
hf
G
ajymif;a&;udpEipyfvsO;f I Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏu wdi;f rª;rsm;/ wyfr
P S hf
kfH
df
k
rª;rsm;/ jynfe,fEiwi;f +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏrsm;tm; tcgtm;avsmpmajym
S hf kd f
f G
=um;cJonfre@f ce;f rsm;wGif !¸ejf ycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / twGi;f
h hd G
kfH
df
a&;rª; (1) taejzifvnf; 1990 jynfEp/f Zlviv 13 &ufae@wif usi;f yonfh (100) }udrajrmuf
h
hS
kd f
G
f
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGY wdwvif;vif;ajymqdc+hJ yD;jzpfonf?
J
d
k
15?
Ekiia&;tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfonf jynfoŒl v$wawmfw&yfay:ayguvm±Hjk zifh Oya'ðyr_
dfH
f
f
tm%m/ pDrcef@crtm%mESihf w&m;pD&ifrtm%m[laom tcsKyftcsmtm%moH;k &yfukd tvdk
H JG _
_
tavsmufr&&SbJ tajccHOya'w&yftay:tajcðyIom&,lEia=umif; txl;&Si;f vif;&efvrnfr
d
kd f
kd
[kwyg? 1947 ckEp/f zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'onf 1947 ckEp/f pufwifbmv 24 &ufae@wif
f
S
f kH
S
G
wki;f jynfðyv$wawmfuvufcI Oya'tjzpftwnfðycJonf? od@k aomf xktajccHOya'tm%m
d
f
H
h
d
wnf+y;D trSewu,ftusKd ;oufa&mufonfrm jrefrmEdiiH vH;k 0vGwvyfaom tcsKyftjcmtm
f
S
kf
f
%mydiEiiawmfjzpfa=umif; a=unmonfh 1948 ckEp/f Zefe0g&v (4) &ufae@wirS jzpfonfukd
k f kd f H
S
D
Gf
Oya'a=umif;t& xif&m;awGŒEdionf? Ediiwck. zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'w&yfonf vGwvyfa&;
S
kf
kfH
k
f
KhaemufrS a&;om;onfOya'[lI ESprsKd ;&Sonf?
r&rDa&;om;xm;onfh Oya'ESihf vGwvyfa&;&Sonf
f
d
h
f d
385

386. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vGwvyfa&;&&Sc=hJ uonfh urBmEiitoD;oD;wGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk vufqyvufui&+yD;
f
d
h kd f H
kf
kd f
rSom wki;f jynfðyv$wawmfac:,lI zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'uda&;qG=J uonfh tpOftvm&Sonf//
d
f
k
k
d
jrefrmEkiiwirl wki;f jynfðyv$wawmfwif zGŒJ pnf;yktajccHOya'uda&;qG+J y;D rS vGwvyfa&;a=unm
dfH Gf d
f
G
H
k
f
cJ&onf? xdo@kd aqmif&ucjhJ cif;onf xdtcseu Ediiacgi;f aqmifrsm;taejzifh +Adwo#w@kd xrS
h
k
G f
k d f kfH
d
H
+ir;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh vGwvyfa&;udk tjref&,lvaomqENa=umifh aqmif&ucjhJ cif;jzpfa=umif;rSm
d
f
kd
G f
xif&m;onf?
S
16?
1974 ckEp/f tajccHOya'udavhvmygu vGwvyfa&;&&S+d y;D aemuf a&;qGjJ cif;jzpf+y;D jynf
S
k
f
olŒqENc,yjJG zifh jyÏmef;cJaomOya'jzpfonfukd rnfor# jiif;qdjk cif;ðyEdirnfr[kwyg?
H l
h
l
kf
f
17?
1947 ckEp/f zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'onf vGwvyfa&;r&rDa&;qGonfh Oya'jzpf+y;D
S
f kH
f
J
1974 ckEp/f zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'onf vGwvyfa&;&+yD;rSa&;qGonfh tajccHOya'jzpfa=umif;
S
k
f
J
uGmjcm;csuukd txl;owdðy=u&efvonf?
f
kd
18?
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif 0ifa&muf,Oòf ydic=hJ uonfh Ediia&;ygwD
D kH D kd
JG G
S f
kfH
trsm;pk.qENrm zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'opfa&;qGa&;jzpfa=umif; ,if;wd@k .oabmxm;a=unm
S
k
J
csursm;t&od&Eionf? 1974 ckEpf zGŒJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'a&;qGpOfu wki;f &if;om;rsm;
f
dS kd f
S
f kH
J
d
ta&;ESiywfoufI yifvnvmcHwif &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f vlrsKd ;pkrsm;ESiom aqG;aEG;!SEi;f cJ+h yD; rGe/f
hf
kH D
G
hf
d _d
&cdif paomvlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;!dEi;f r_r&Sa=umif;awGŒ=u&rnfjzpfonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdiiwif
k
S _d
d
kfH G
Ediia&;t& Ed;k =um;vmaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;trsm;tjym;&S&m 4if;wd@k .qENoabmrsm;udk
kfH
k
d
!SEi;f &,l+yD; cdirmonfzŒJG pnf;yHtajccHOya'opfw&yf a&;qGjJ yÏmef;&ef txl;vdtyfaea=umif;
d _d
kf
h
k
k
xif&m;aeonf?
S
19?
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒonf ppftpdk;&w&yfjzpfonfESifhtnD
rm&S,avm (Martial Law) Oya'udk udipusio;kH aeonfh tpd;k &jzpfonf? xdo@kd jzpfonfEitnD
f
k f JG hf
k
S hf
jrefrmEdiitm; atmufygtm%moH;k &yfjzifh usio;kH vsu&onf?
kfH
f
f dS
(u) Oya'ðyr_tm%m ?
? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒuom
usio;kH ydici&onf?
hf k f G hf dS
(c) pDrcef@crtm%m ?
H JG _
? Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u usio;kH
kfH
df
hf
ydici&onf? od@k &mwGif ,if;tm%mudk tpd;k &tzGŒJ ESiwuG jynfe,f/ wki;f / òrŒd e,f
k f G hf dS
hf
d
pk/ òrŒd e,f/ &yfuu/f aus;&Gmtkypk +ir0ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tqifqiftm;
G
f df
h h
cGa0vsuf pDrcef@ca&;udp&yfrsm;udk pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifrj_ zifh wm0efay;aqmif&uf
J
H JG
P
G
apvsu&onf? ,if;od@k aqmif&uapjcif;rSm zGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'ESitnD ay:
f dS
G f
k
hf
ayguvmrnfh tpd;k &vufxufwif 0efxrf;rsm;onf Xmeqdi&mvkyief;rsm;udk EdiiH
f
G
kf
f
kf
386

387. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
a&;ygwrsm;ESiuif;&Si;f pGmaqmif&uEiap&ef avhusiaqmif&uay;aejcif;jzpf
D
hf
G f kd f
hf
G f
onf?
(*) w&m;pD&ifrtm%m ? ? Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u usif
_
kfH
f
oHk;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf? odk@&mwGif zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'ay:aygufvmonfhtcsdefwGif
tavhtusi&ap&ef omref&mZ0wfrEiw&m;rr_ ponfrsm;udk w&m;±H;k tqifh
hf
_ S hf
qifzŒJG pnf;+yD; ppfaq;pD&ifapvsu&onf?
h
f dS
20?
xda=umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforsm;u a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvuaom ud,f
k
l
kd f
k
pm;vS,rsm;onf tem*wf'rua&pDEiiawmfzŒJG pnf;yHtajccHOya'udk a&;qG&efwm0ef&onfh
f
D kd
kd f H
k
J
dS
yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf?
21?
Ediiawmftm%m&,la&;twGuf ,m,DzŒJG pnf;yHtajccHOya'a&;qGI tpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;jcif;
kfH
k
J
udk rnfonfenf;ESir# vufcEirnfr[kwonftjyif xdo@kd aqmif&uygu Oya'ESitnD xda&muf
h
hf
H kd f
f h
k
G f
hf
pGmta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf jynfoŒl qENEitnD cdirmaomzGŒJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'opfw&yft&
S hf
kf
k
ay:ayguvmrnftpd;k &w&yf rzG@J pnf;rD=um;umvwGif Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;
f
h
kfH
f
tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) taejzifh (u) jynfaxmifpròydua&;/ wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wrròydua&;/ tcsKyftjcmtm
k
JG
k
G f _
JG
%mwnfwci+f rJa&;[lonfh ta&;oH;k yg;?
H kd
(c) Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ a=unmcsutrSwf 1§88 wGiyg&aom
kfH
df
f
f dS
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ vrf;yef;qufo,r_ vHòk cHacsm
G f
arGŒapa&;/ jynforsm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfapa&;ESihf ygwp'rua&pDtaxG
l
D kH D kd
axGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&; ponfvyief;wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfteuf ygwp'rua&pD
JG
h kf
D kH D kd
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;wm0efrtyjzpfaom vkyief;wm0ef}u;D (3)&yfEihf
JG
S
f
S
(*) jrefrmEdiitwGi;f &Sd wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf aqmif
kfH
k
&Gu&ef vkyief;wm0efrsm;udk tav;*±kðyumuG,apmifa&Smufom;rnfjzpfa=umif;
f
f
f h
G
a=unmvduonf?
k f
387

388. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
&efukefòrdŒ
*ENcef;r a-unmpmwrf;
D
ae@pGJ - 1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; (7§8)&uf
S
f
1990 jy!fEp/f Zlviv (28§29)
h S
kd f
1?
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyfrS/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uukefaom
u|Eyw@kd onf jrefrmouU&mZf 1352 ckEp/f 0gacgivqef; (7) &ufEihf (8) &uf/ (1990 jy!fEp/f
fk f
S
f
S
h S
Zlviv 28 &ufEihf 29 &uf) ae@rsm;wGif &efueòf rdŒ/ ausmufwwm;òrdŒe,f&/Sd *ENcrf;raqmifY
_d f
S
k
H
D
pka0;a&muf&=Sd u+yD;/ wdi;f &if;om;. jynfow&yfv;kH .tusK;d iSm/ Ediiawmfa&;&m tjzmjzmESihf
k
l
kfH
jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:qdzŒGJ pnf;a&;udpt00wd@k ukd aqG;aEG;!dEi;f wdiyif=u+yD; oumv/ wnD
f
k
P
‡ _d k f
w!Gwwnf;qH;k jzwfum T “*ENcef;ra=unmpmwrf;” udk xkwjf yefa=unmvdu=f uayonf?
f
D
k
2?
jrefrmEdiiwif ESpaygi;f (30) twGi;f / yxrqH;k t}udrtjzpf 1990jy!fEp/f arv (27)
f kfH G f
f
h S
&ufae@Yusi;f ycJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D wGif jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
h
D kH D kd
f
kd f
vS,ae&m (485) ae&mtwGuusi;f yay;cJ&mY/ trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyonf trsm;jynfovl
f
f
h
kd
f
l
xk}uD;. wcJeufaomaxmufcrw@kd jzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ae&m (392) ae&mwGif
H_
f
kd f
f
tEdi&&dcayonf? od@k &mwGif trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyfonf urBm'rua&pDEiirsm;. usix;kH
k f S hJ
kd
h D kd
kd f H
hf
rsm;twdi;f zJŒG pnf;&r!ftpd;k &w&yfukd cdirmpGmzJ@G pnf;Ediavmufo!fh xuf0ufausmjf ynfoŒl
k
h
kf
kf
v$wawmfu,pm;vS,tiftm;xuf ausmve±r#ru/ v$wawmfu,pm;vS,ta&twGu.
f
kd f
f
f G f kH
f
kd f
f
f
&mcdiEe;f (80) ausmtxd/ vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;tEdi&&dcojzifh jynfoŒl v$wawmftm; OD;aqmifEif
kf_
f
k f S hJ
f
kd
aomtaetxm;udk tcditrm&&dxm;+yD;jzpfayonf?
kf
S
3?
,cktcg ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ uD;udk atmifjrifpmusi;f y+yD;cJ+h yDjzpfay
D kH D kd
G
onf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ uD;+yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ra&S;raESmif;umvY tjrefq;kH zJŒG
f
pnf;ay;&rnfrm "rRwmyifjzpfayonf? jynfovxuvnf; Ttwdi;f ar#mvifae=uayonf?
S
l l k
k
f h
od@k aomf a&G;aumufy}GJ uD;+yD;I &ufaygi;f (60) =umvmo!fwiatmif jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd
h kd f
h
f
rzJŒG pnf;&ao;ay?
a&G;aumufywif vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pktEdi&&dxm;aom trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG
GJ G
kf S
kd
csKyfonf EdiiawmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Sntem*wfumvtusK;d pDym;
kfH
f
G
rsm;udtajccHxm;I/ wpfrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"mwfjzifh yGi;f vif;aom/ ±d;k om;aom/
k
f
apwemtjy!fygaom ESpO;D ESpzuf!Ei;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&urrsm;ðyvkyom;&ef Ediiawmf+ir0yfyd
h
f f
‡d _d
G f_
f G
kfH
df
jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG od@k trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzJŒG rS tqdðk y
kd
k
f
csuuvnf; Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG u wpHw&mta=umif;jyef=um;jcif; r&dchJ
f kd
kfH
df
k
S
ao;ay?
388

389. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
4?
&[ef;&Sivjl ynforsm;/ v,form;rsm;/ tvkyorm;rsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;/ 0ef
f
l
f
xrf;rsm;tygt0ifjzpfaom wdi;f &ifom;jynfovx}k u;D onf Ediiawmfwif 'Drua&pDtcGita&;
k
l l
kfH
G kd
hf
rsm;uef@owfcxm;r_@a=umifh vuf&rsuarSmufðyae&aom pm;0wfaea&;=uyfwnf;r/_ pd;k &drxwf
H
Sd f
f d
vef@ae&r_Eihf aomuAsmyg'ab;rSuif;v$wa&;wd@k twGuf 'Drua&pDtycsKyfa&;pepfukd tjrefq;kH
S
f
kd
kf
ul;ajymif;a&muf&&ef qENjyif;jyv#u&aeayonf?
Sd
f Sd
5?
'Drua&pDpepfuusio;kH o!fh ,Ofaus;aomvlŒtzJŒG tpnf;wdi;f / Ediiwi;f wGif jynfoŒl
kd
kd hf
k k f H kd
v$wawmfukd tjrifq;kH aomr¾dKif}uD;w&yftjzpf jynfow&yfv;kH u tav;tjrwfðyxm;jcif;
f
h
l
tm;jzifh Edii*%usuoa&udk jriwif=up+rjJ zpfayonf? u|Eyw@kd jrefrmEdiiwivnf; 'Drua&pD
kfHk f
f
‡ hf
kf f
kfH Gf
kd
jynfoŒl v$wawmf}u;D w&yf iGm;iGm;pGipihf wnf&aerSom usuoa&r*Fvmxnf0gjy!fp+kH y;D / urBmh
f
hf G
Sd
f
h
tv,fwif av;pm;cHxuaom *k%t*F gtaygi;f jzifh wifw,fayrnf[k u|Eyw@kd u tav;t
G
kd f
f
h
kf f
euf,=kH unf=uayonf?
6?
,ae@ jynfow@kd &ifqiae&aom Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&; paomt=uyftwnf;rsm;
l
kd f
kfH
_
onf jynfow@kd u ,H=k unfu;kd pm;pGm a&G;cs,wifajrmufvuo!fh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
l
f
‡
kd f
f
kd f
rsm;jzifzŒGJ pnf;aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfuom OD;aqmifI jynfoŒl qENEitnD ajz&Si;f tyfayonf?
h
f
S hf
od‹k jzpf&m/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef; (2)/ yk'r (3) Y jyÏmef;xm;aom
f
GJ
f
“v$wawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESitnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvuaom v$wawmfu,f
f
hf
‡
kd f
f
kd
pm;vS,rsm;jzifz@GJ pnf;&rnf” [laomjyÏmef;csuEitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,l
f
h
f S hf
f
zJŒG pnf;ay;&ef ta&;w}uD;vdtyfaeayonf?
k
7?
jynfo@l vwawmfzŒGJ pnf;a&;onf wm0ef&=Sd uukeaom oufqi&mrsm;tzd@k / w&m;Oya'
$ f
f
kd f
t&vnf;aumif;/ usi0wft&vnf;aumif;/ ysuuujf cif;iSmvH;k 0rjzpfEio!ftjyif/ jzpfay:ae
hf
f G
kd f h
aom jynfow@kd .qENEihf wdi;f jynf.tusytwnf; tajctaet&yf&yfw@kd ukd axmufxm;ygv#if
l
S k
f
vnf;/ jynfo@l vwawmfac:,lzŒGJ pnf;a&;udk ysuuujf cif;iSm vH;k 0roifav#m/f ysuuujf cif;iSm
$ f
f G
h
f G
vH;k 0rxdu[k u|Eyw@kd c,ayonf?
k f
kf f H l
8?
od@k jzpf&um; jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd tjrefq;kH rjzpfrae arG;zGm;oef@pifay;&ayawmhrnf?
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef; (1) yk'r2 (u) wGif “v$wawmfqonfrm jynfoŒl
f
GJ
f
f
kd
S
v$wawmfuqonf” [kjyÏmef;xm;csut&/ ,ckay:ayguvmr!fh jynfoŒl v$wawmfonf
f
kd kd
f
f
f
wdi;f ðyjynfðyv$wawmfr[kwa=umif;udvnf; u|Eyw@kd tav;teufc,xm;ayonf?
k
f
f
k
kf f
H l
Oya'ESihf tnDjzpftyfaom tm%m (od@k wnf;r[kw) Oya'ESitnDjzpftyfaom tm
f
hf
%mv$Jajymif;a&;udpPwdk@ESifhywfoufI zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'w&yfudk trsKd;om;'Drdku
a&pDtzJŒG csKyfrS toifa&;qJxm;&d+S yD;jzpfa=umif; od&&I u|Eyw@kd uóudqayonf?
h
G
Sd
kf f
kd
tqdyg 1990 jy!fEpf ,m,DzŒGJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya' (rl=urf;) udk trsK;d om;'Dru
k
hS
f kH
kd
a&pDtzJŒG csKyftaejzifh tjcm;tzJŒG tpnf;toD;oD;ESihf !dEi;f aqG;aEG;r!ftpDtpOfuvnf; u|Eyf
‡ _d
h
kd
kf
wd@k uaxmufcayonf?
H
T,m,DzŒGJ pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'tm;jzif/h Oya'ESitnDtm%mv$ajymif;a&;udk
f kH
hf
J
389

390. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jzpfajrmuftyfonf[k u|Eyw@kd u wnDw!Gwwnf;,lq=uayonf?
kf f
f
9?
xd@k aemuf'rua&pDjynfaxmifpopftwGu&nfoefaom zJŒG pnf;tkycsKyytajccH Oya'
D kd
k
f
f f kH
opfukd u|Eyw@kd yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$wawmfuomv#if a&;qJjG yÏmef;twnfðy&ef wm0ef&ay
fk f
f
Sd
onf? u|Eyw@kd uvnf; xdwm0efuxrf;aqmifaomtcgY us,jf yef@pm ndEi;f aqmif&uom;=u
kf f
k
kd
G ‡ _d
G f G
rnfjzpfayonf?
od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$wawmf.tm%mtyfEi;f r_r&db/J jynfoŒl v$wawmf. tm%mpuf
f
S
S
f
r&db/J jynfoŒl v$wawmf. taqmifta,mif t&det0gr&db/J jynfoŒl v$wawmfu twnfðyjy
S
f
Sf
S
f
Ïmef;jcif;r&db/J jynfoŒl v$wawmfrty tjcm;rnfo!fae&m/ rnfo!ftcseYrqd/k zJ@G pnf;tkyf
S
f
S
h
h d f
csKyfytajccHOya'udk a&;qJcivnf;r&/dS jyÏmef;twnfðycGivnf;r&d/S Tod@k a&;qJ=G urnfqv#if
kH
G G hf
hf
kd
v$wawmftm%mpufr&dojzif/h Oya'tm%mpufvnf;&dvrrnfr[kway? Tvrf;a=umif
f
S
S d hf
f
twdi;f aqmif&uronf oduyif&vrrnfr[kw[k u|Eyw@kd ,qonf?
k
G f_
Q Sd d hf
f
kf f
l
xd@k a=umifh jynfovxvvm;awmifwaeaom 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopf}u;D xlaxmif
l l k kd
h
kd
k
&eftwGuf &nfoefaom zJŒG pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'topfa&;qG&eftvd@k imyif/ jynfoŒl v$wf
f kH
J
S
awmfukd apmv#ipmac:,lzŒGJ pnf;&ef txl;vdtyfa=umif;rSmxif&m;ayonf?
f G
k
S
10?
Tae&mwGif 'Drua&pDtpd;k &ray:aygurumvwav#muf rvJraoG/ ra&SmifrvGom
kd
fD
G
J
ay:aygur!fh 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm;jyemudvnf; acsmarmpGmudiw,ajz&Si;f =u&vdr[k
f
kd
hf
k
kf G f
hf
u|Eyw@kd oabm&&dayonf?
kf f
S
'Drua&pDtpd;k &ay:xGe;f o!ftcgusrom 'Drua&pDtcGita&;awG&&dap/ Tod@k ray:
kd
h
S
kd
hf
S
xGe;f rDumvYrl 'Drua&pDtcGita&;rsm; qdwoe;f aeapqdo!fh tjzpfrsK;d um; vH;k 0rvdvm;tyf
kd
hf
f k
k
k
ay?
'Drua&pDtpd;k & ray:aygurumvwGif 'Drua&pDtajctaersm; zefw;D ay;rSom 'Dru
kd
fD
kd
kd
a&pDjynfaxmifpopfxaxmifa&;txd/ at;csr;f om,mpGm jiifomaomtoGijf zifh taxmuf
k
l
tulðy jzpfxe;f oGm;vdr@f rnf[k u|Eyw@kd ,=kH unfayonf? 'Dra&pDtajctaersm;&dygrvnf; jynfol
G
kf f
kd
S S
vkxonf wxdwxwwvef@vef@Eihf us;D vef@pmpm;ae&aom Asmyg'ab;wd@k rS uif;a0;=uonf
k
f d f
S
jzpfI ud,pwEpyg;csr;f omum 'Drua&pDjynfaxmifpopfxaxmifa&;udk wufnvufnD ud,pD
k fd fSf
kd
k
l
D
k f
todpw"mwfjzifh aqmif&uom;Edi=f uygrnf?
d f
G f G k
Tumvrsm;twGi;f trsm;jynfovxtwGuf tedrq;kH tm;jzifh cHpm;xduaom vGwf
l l k
hf
k f
vyfpma&;om;ykEyxwa0cGi/hf vGwvyfpm,lqwifjycGiw@kd onf pnfyifae&ygrnf? jynfoŒl v$wf
G
H dS f k f
f G
hf
awmfwif tpd;k &w&yfukd vGwvwu|wu|wzŒGJ pnf;Ediavmufatmif v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
G
f G f
f
f
kf
f
kd f
vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pk&&dxm;aom trsKom;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyu,wiu tedrq;kH 'Drua&pD
S
d
kd
f kd f kd f
hf
kd
tcGita&;wd@k uyif qH;k ±H;_ tepfemcHae&onf[qv#if jzpf±;kd jzpfpOf Ediia&;obm0,kwrsm;ESihf
hf
kd
k kd
kfH
dW
vH;k 0zDvmjzpfaeayrnf? jynfovxtjrif/ urBmtjrifw@kd Y tvGew&mrS tusn;f wefaernfrm
l l k
h
f
S
aocsmayonf?
u|Eyw@kd onf ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D rSwqif/h rJqEN&ijf ynfovx.
kf f
D kH D kd
S
l l k
390

391. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
qENtqH;k tjzwfukd &,lxm;olrsm;jzpfI xdobm0ESivuav#mnDaxGpm/ oifwifav#mufywf
k
hf kd f
G
h h
aom tqiftwef;udk &&d=S u&ayrnf? ,kwptqH;k u|Eyw@kd tm; taESmift,Su/f t[ef@twm;
h
fG
kf f
h
+cdr;f ajcmufrw@kd rS uif;a0;ap&ygrnf?
_
11?
avmavmq,ftajctaet& u|Eyw@kd Eiiwif wygwpepfrS ygwp'rua&pDpepfo@kd
fk f kd f H G
D
D kH D kd
ul;ajymif;&rnfjzpfojzifh ajz&Si;f aqmif&u=f u&r!fh tusytwnf; / tcuftcJjyemrsm; &Srnf
G
f
d
udk uGsEkfyfwkd@aumif;pGmowdrlrd=uayonf? ,if;jyemrsm;/ tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;
udvnf; 'Drua&pDtajccHw&m;rsm;udk rxdyg;rysu,i;f apbJ/ trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf
k
kd
f G
kd
S
Ediiawmf+ir0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ wd@k onf wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; OD;wnfcsuf
kfH
df
jzifh ±k;d om;r_/ yGivif;r_/ tjyeftvSeav;pm;r_w@kd ukd tajccHum awGŒqHaqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;tm;
hf
f
k
jzifh rkcsajz&Si;f Edi&rnf[k u|Eyw@kd arsmvif=h uayonf?
kf
fk f
f
,ae@urBmwGif tvGe±yaxG;eufevaom vlom;tm;vH;k udysuðf yef;apr!fh t%kjrL
f_f
J S
k
ppfy}JG uD;tE &m,fuyif awGŒqHaqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;enf;jzifh ,ae@tcsetxd [ef@wm;xm;Edif
W
kd
k
d f
k
cJ+h yjD zpf&m u|Eyw@kd Eiiwif tcsi;f csi;f jzpfym;ae&aom jyem[lor#onfvnf; rsuEmcsi;f qdif
fk f kd f H G
G
fS
k
awGŒqHaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh acsmarmajyvnf&rnf[k u|Eyw@kd ,=Hk unfayonf? ,if;ok@d awGq&mwGif
k
fk f
Hk
1? yGivif;±d;k om;r_Eihf tjyeftvSeav;pm;vkuema&;rl/
hf
S
f
d f
2? wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rl/
3? +idr;f csr;f acsmarG@aomenf;udk toH;k csa&;rl/
4? tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfrukd a&S;±_a&;rl/
_
æ ponfw@kd ukd udiq&rnf[vnf; u|Eyw@kd c,ayonf?
k f JG
k
kf f H l
12?
jynfo@l u,pm;vS,rsm;jzifh yg0ifzŒJG pnf;o!fh jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef
kd f
f
f
awmif;qdyicirm jynfovx. ajccHrtusq;kH aom w&m;0ifyiciw&yfjzpfayonf? ,if;ydicihf
k kd f G hf S
l l k
l
kd f G hf
kfG
udk awmif;qd&ef jynfoŒl ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uukeaom u|Eyw@kd Y wm0ef&ayonf?
k
k f
f
f
kf f
dS
13?
od@k jzpf&um; jynfovx}k u;D .qENEitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfa&G;aumufyOya' tcef;
l l
S fh
f
JG
(2)/ yk'r - 3 t&vnfaumif;/ 'Drua&pDpepf.tESpom&rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ Ediiwum
f
kd
f
kfH
usix;kH usienf;rsm;ESihf avsmnpmvnf;aumif; 1990 jy!fEp/f pufwifbmvtwGi;f jynfoŒl
hf
hf
f D G
h S
v$wawmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef trsK;d om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
f
kd
f
kd f
f
jzpf=uukeaom u|Eyw@kd u Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tm; Tae@T&ufrpI
f
kf f
kfH
f
S
wnDw!Gwwnf;awmif;qdvu+f yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf?
f
k kd
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
d
kd
f
kd f
f
r[wWr*ENcef;raqmif
D
Advatmifausmvrf;/ &efueòf rdŒ?
k f
f
k
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. vufiif;EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I
391

392. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfwdk‹.
oabmxm;a-unmcsuf
Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;yl;wGJa-unmcsuftrSwf(1)
1352 ckEp/f awmfovif;vqef; (10)&uf?
S
1990 jy!fEp/f =o*kwv (29)&uf?
h S
f
1?
ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Siwif w&m;0if rSwywifzŒJG
D kH D kd
JG
f G
f kH
pnf;xm;aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;ygwD (21) ygwD (aemufqufwpm&if;wGi±)udk
k
kfH
JG
f _
pkpnf; xlaxmifxm;o!fh jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ediia&;ygwrsm;. vlrsKd ;pka&;&m
k kd
kfH
D
rl0g'aumfrwDEihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ . ud,pm;vS,tzGŒJ
S
kd
k
f
k f
f
onf 1990 jy!fEp/f Zlviv (5)&ufae@wif &efueòf rŒd ausmufwwm;òrŒd e,f/ Advatmifausmvrf;
hS
kd f
G
k
H
k f
f
&dS jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (XmecsKyf)±H;k Y y%mrndEi;f aqG;aEG;yGJ
k kd
kd
‡ _d
usi;f ycJ=h uygonf?
2?
,if;y%mr!‡Ei;f aqG;aEG;yGrS oabmwlncsut& jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
d _d
J
D f
k kd
Ediia&;ygwrsm;. vlrsKd ;pka&;&mrl0g'aumfrwDEihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_
kfH
D
S
kd
k
f
aqmiftzGŒJ . yxrqH;k t}udrf pHntpnf;ta0;udk 1990 jy!fEp/f Zlviv (12) &ufae@wif &ef
k D
hS
kd f
G
ukeòf rdŒ/ A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ a&$*wivrf;&dS trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ XmecsKyf±;Hk Y usi;f ycJygonf?
kH kd f
kd
h
3?
,if;pHnaqG;aEG;yGrS oabmwlncsut& jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Drua&pD
k D
J
D f
k kd
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf qufo,nEi;f a&;ud,pm;vS,tzGŒJ ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_
G f ‡d _d
k f
f
kd
k
f
aqmiftzGŒJ . ud,pm;vS,tzGŒJ (tzGŒJ csKy.vlrsKd ;pkqi&mtzGŒJ ) onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf
k f
f
f
kd f
kfH
.vufiif;Ediia&;jyemrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I yHreaqG;aEG;yGrsm;udk (3)}udrf qufvufusi;f ycJ=h u
kfH
kSf
J
ygonf?
4?
,if;yHreaqG;aEG;yGrsm;rS ndEi;f oabmwlncsursm;teuf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiawmf
kSf
J
‡ _d
D f
kfH
. avmavmq,fEihf a&&SntusKd ;pDym;wd@k ukd a&Sα_v#u/f ESpO;D ESpbuf wlnaomoabmxm;rsm;
S
f
G
f f
D
udk atmufygtwdi;f yl;wGa=unmtyfygonf?
k
J
(u) 1990 jy!fEp/f ZGev(29) &ufrS Zlviv (1) &ufae@txd &efueòf rŒd / r[mAE<Kvvrf;&d/S
hS f
kd f
k
392

393. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
0ditrfpatcef;rwGif usi;f ycJaom 'kw,t}udrf jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Drua&pD
kf
D
h
d
k kd
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf obmywdpntpnf;ta0;ESihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ediia&;ygwaygi;f pHk 'kw,t}urf
kH D
k
kfH
D
d
d
tpnf;ta0;rS vufiif;&ifqiae&aom Ediia&;jyemqdi&m qH;k jzwfcsursm;ESihf 1990 jy!fEp/f
kd f
kfH
kf
f
hS
Zlviv (28) &ufEihf (29) &ufae@u &efueòf rŒd Advatmifausmvrf;/ *EDcef;raqmifwif usi;f ycJh
kd f
S
k
k f
f
N
G
aom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;.
kd
k
f
kd f
f
yxrt}udrf y%mr!dEi;f tpnf;ta0;rS wnDw!Gwwnf; twnfðycJo!fh qH;k jzwfcsursm;
‡ _d
f
h
f
onf woabmwnf;&da=umif; xkwazmf=uygonf? ‚if;qH;k jzwfcsursm;rSm S
f
f
(1) usi;f y+yD;pD;cJaom ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyt+yD; jynfoŒl v$wawmf
h
D kH D kd
JG
f
a&G;aumufyJG Oya'tcef; (2) yk'r (3) t& jynfoŒl v$wawmfukd 1990 jy!fEp/f
f
f
h S
pufwifbmvtwGif; ac:,lzGJŒpnf;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k awmifqa=umif;?
kd
(2) ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufywif vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pk tEdi&&dcaom
D kH D kd
JG G
k f S hJ
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. tm%mydiu,pm;vS,tzGŒJ ESihf e0wtm%mydif
kd
k f kd f
f
k
ud,pm;vS,tzGŒJ wk@d tjrefq;kH awGŒqH!Ei;f a&;twGuf wduwe;f a=umif;?
k f
f
k ‡d _d
k f G
(3) jrefrmEdii. avmavmq,f tudsK;pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Sntem*wf tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk
kfH
f
a&SŒ±_I trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfOuUÏ OD;wifOD;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiwuG Ediia&;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k vGwajrmufa&;udk apm
S hf
kfH
f
v#ipmaqmif&uay;&ef Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k wduf
f G
G f
kfH
f
k
wGe;f a=umif;?
(4) 'Drua&pDtcGia&;rsm;&&Sa&;ESihf jynfoŒl vGwvyfcihf uef@owfxm;r_rsm;udk ±kyor;f
kd
hf
d
f G
f d
ay;a&;twGuf Ediiawmfjirf0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k awmif;qda=umif;?
kfH
k
txufygq;kH jzwfcsursm;udk tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfaz:&ef Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_
f
kfH
f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ odŒk jynfaxmifpwi&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf trdsK;om;'Drkd
k kd f
kd
S
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwŒkd u xyfavmif;wduwe;f onf?
k f G
(c) jynfoŒl v$wawmf ay:ayguvm+y;D v#if jynfoŒl v$wawmfuwifajrmufaom tpd;k &
f
f
f
‡
zGŒJ pnf;+yD;v#if tjrefq;kH aomumvtwGi;f jynfoŒl v$wawmf. OD;aqmifrj_ zifh wdi;f &if;om;vl
f
k
rsKd ;rsm;ESihf yg0ifoifyg0ifxuaomtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm; vly*Kd~ vfrsm;yg0ifo!fh trdsK;om;!‡Ei;f r_nvm
h
kd f
k
d _d
D
cH}u;D w&yfusi;f yI jynfaxmifpxaxmifa&;twGuf vrf;!¸errsm;csrwrnf? ,if;vrf;!¸errsm;
k l
f_
S f
f_
ESitnD jynfoŒl v$wawmfu a&&Snwnfwci+f rJr!fh zGŒJ pnf;tkycsLyfytajccHOya'opfw&yfukd
hf
f
f
hH kd
f kH
a&;qGjJ yÏmef; twnfðy&rnf[k jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf trsKd ;
k kd
kd
S
om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwŒkd u wnDw!Gwwnf;oabmwl=uonf?
kd
f
(*) wdi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;onf vlrsKd ;a&;wef;wlnr#r/_ Ediia&;wef;wlnr#rEihf ud,yif
k
D
kfH
D _ S k f kd
jyÏmef;cGihf tjy!ft0&Sap&r!ftjyif/ 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;rsm;udk tmrcHcsu&aom jynf
h
d
h
kd
S hf
hf
f dS
axmifpukd wdi;f &if;om;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!wpm xlaxmif&efvtyfa=umif;/ jynfaxmifpk
k
k
G f G
kd
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyEihf trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKywŒkd u wnDw!Gwwnf;
k
kd
fS
kd
f
f
393

394. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
oabmwl=uonf?
5?
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
k kd
kd
S
kd
wdŒk onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. vufiif;Ediia&;jyemrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I !dEi;f aqG;aEG;yGrsm;
kfH
kfH
‡ _d
J
udk qufvuf usi;f yoGm;&efEihf 'Drua&pDbufawmfom; tjcm;Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESivnf; aoG;pnf;
S kd
kfH
D
hf
nD!wa&;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&ufom;&ef oabmwln=D uonf?
G f
G
6?
Tyl;wGa=unmcsuukd &efueòf rŒd / ausmufwwm;òrŒd e,f/ Advatmifausmvrf;/ trSwf
J
f
k
H
k f
f
(393) &S/d jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (XmecsKy±;Hk ) tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif
k kd
kd
f
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ud,pm;vS,rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pD
k kd
kd
k f
f
kd
tzGŒJ csKyfru,pm;vS,rsm; vufrwa&;xd;k I yl;wGxwjf yefa=unmvduygonf?
S kd f
f
S f
J k
k f
jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
k kd f
kd
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
kd
aemufqufwpm&if;
JG
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf jynfe,f (7) ckEiwuG/ wdi;f
k kd
kd
S hf
k
tcsKd ŒrS ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaumfr&Siwif w&m;0ifrwywifzŒJG pnf;xm;aom
D Hk D kd
JG
f G
S f kH
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; Ediia&;tzGŒJ tpnf;ygwrsm;udk pkpnf;xlaxmifxm;aom wyfaygi;f pkw&yf
k
kfH
D
jzpf+yD; atmufygtzGŒJ tpnf;ygwrsm;yg0ifonf?
D
1? &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
k f D kd
2? rGetrdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ /
f
kd
3? watmif;(yavmif) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
kd
4? u&ifjynfe,f trdsK;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
kd
5? csi;f trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
kd
6? u,m;jynfe,fvrsd K;aygi;f pH'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
l
k D kd
&? &Sr;f jynfwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
kd
kd
8? Zdr;D trdsKom;uGe*&uf/
k
f
9? awmifov,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESihf &Sr;f trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnwa&; 'Drua&pD
l
G f
kd
tzGJŒcsKyf/
10? ucsitrdsK;om;vH;k qdi&muGe*&uf/
f
kf
f
11? òrd (ac: ) crDtrdsK;om;nD!wa&;tzGŒJ /
G f
12? u,ef;trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ /
G f
kd
13? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsKd ;om;rsm;'Dru&ufwpfygw/D
kd
394

395. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
14? tif;trdsK;om;tzGŒJ csKyf/
15? &cditrdsK;om;vlrb0 jr‡iwifa&;tzGŒJ (r&rm}uD;)/
kf
_
hf
16? jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0;f trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
kd
17? u&iftrsKd ;om;'Drua&pDue*&uf/
dk
G f
18? r&mjynfoŒl ygw/D
19? vDq;l trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;cdirma&;tzGŒJ /
kf
20? “0” trdsK;om;zHŒG òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D
21? vm;[ltrdsK;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D
jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwif tzGŒJ 0iftjzpf ryg0ifao;aomf
k kd
kd
G
vnf;/ rl0g'a&;&mrsm;ESihf tusKd ;wlvyief;rsm;wGif ylaygi;f vufwyg0ifvsu&aom wdi;f &if;om;
kf
JG
f dS
k
Ediia&;ygwrsm;rSm atmufygtwdi;f jzpfonf?
kfH
D
k
1? &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
k
kd
2? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsKd ;om;rsm;'Drua&pDue*&uf/
kd
G f
3? em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygw/D
xd@k jyif csi;f jynfe,f/ [mcg;òrŒd e,frqENe,f woD;yk*vtrwf OD;vsetyEihf xefwvefòrŒd
J
~
f kfS
e,f/ rJqENe,f woD;yk*vtrwf a'guwmr_xefw@kd vnf; yl;wGyg0ifvsu&onf? jynfaxmifpwi;f
~
f
J
f dS
k kd
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf txufazmfjyyg Ediia&;tzGŒJ tpnf; ygwrsm;ESihf woD;
kd
kfH
D
yk*vrsm;udk ud,pm;ðyygonf?
~
k f
trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ud,pm;vS,rsm;
kd
k f
f
pOf
1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
8?
9?
10?
11?
12?
13?
14?
trnf
tzG@J tpnf;wm0ef
OD;atmifa&$
A[dtvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ 0if
k
f
OD;=unfarmif
OD;cspfcdkif
OD;vGif
a': jrifhjrifhcif
OD;a&$
OD;cifarmifaqG
OD;pd;k odr;f (armif0o)
H
OD;ausmrif;
f
OD;csrf;at;
OD;}uD;ol&ef (ucsi)
d
f
A[dO;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if
k
OD;wifO;D (u,m;)
OD;oef;Edif (u&if)
k
OD;pDAif=uL; (csi;f )
-
S
vufrwf
395

396. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
15?
16?
1&?
OD;&Jxwf (rGe)
G
f
OD;xGe;f atmifausmf (&cdi)
kf
OD;tke;f armif (&Sr;f )
-
jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ud,pm;vS,rsm;
k kd f
kd
k f
f
pOf
1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
&?
8?
9?
10?
11?
12?
13?
14?
trnf
tzGŒJ tpnf;wm0ef
vufrwf
S
OD;aiGor;f
d
t+rJwrf;obmywd aumifptzG@J 0if
D
OD;pDauuduuvf
k f JG
OD;at;az
OD;apmoef;&Sef
d
OD;',fe&,fatmif
D
OD;at;omatmif
twGi;f a&;rª;tzGŒJ 0if
cGewifa&$
f
qvdi;f vserKS ef;
k
f
Edkifatmifjrifh
a'guwmatmifwifO;D
f
cGexe;f OD;
f G
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsd K;a&;&maumfrwDEihf vkyief;aumfrwD0if
k
S
f
pdi;f tduaygi;f
k k f
Edkifcifarmif
OD;ombef;
-
&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
396

397. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
XmecsKyf±kH;
pmtrSwf // // 108§& w ' z§ axG § 96?
aepGJ // // 1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (28) &uf?
S
od@k §
AdvcsKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
k f
OuUÏ
Ekiiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
dfH
f
&efueòf rdŒ
k
ta-umif;t&m//
// rw&m;ðyvkyc&r+tm; wifjyjcif;udpP ?
fH
1?
usaemfw@dk &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf rdrw@kd . A[ktvkytr_aqmif
k
kd
d
d
f
aumfrwD0ifEihf ucsijf ynfe,fXmecGJ OuUÏjzpfol OD;pki;f pd;k !Ge@f xrS wifjyaompmudk ta=umif;ðy
S
d
H
vsuf tvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;udk usi;f ycJ+h yD; trsm;oabmwlnrj_ zifh ,ckpmtm;
f
D
wifjyygonf?
2?
usaemfw@dk taejzifh OD;pdi;f pd;k !Ge@f wifjyvmaompmtm; vufc,=Hk unfa=umif; a&S;OD;pGm
k
H
qk;H jzwf=uygonf? OD;pdi;f pd;k !¸e@f &&Svmaom '%f&m'%fcsursm;udk rsujf rifu,awGŒ awGŒ&Sae&
k
d
f
kd f
d
onftjyif ta=umif;tusKd ;qDavsmrrsm;udyg pOf;pm;=uvsuf vufc,=Hk unf&jcif;jzpfygonf?
h
f _
k
H
,ck Tpmudwifjy&jcif;onf Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh ,ae@ EkiiH
k
kfH
f
df
awmftm; Oya'ESitnD pDrcef@cvsu&onfqaom ajymqdcsursm;udk tav;xm;+yD;qkconfh
fh
H JG
f dS
dk
k f
d hJ
twki;f Oya'ESitnD aqmif&uvrrnf[ar#mvifvsuf wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf?
d
fh
G f d hf
k f h
3?
OD;pki;f pd;k !Ge@f wifjycJaom pmygtjzpftysursm;tay: usaemfw@dk .ok;H oyfcsuukd OD;pGm
d
h
f
f
yxrazmfjyvkygonf? OD;pdi;f pd;k !Ge@f taejzifh rSm;onfjzpfap/ rSeonfjzpfap wm0ef&orsm;taejzifh
d
k
f
dS l
wnfqOya'ESitnDom aqmif&u&rnf[k usaemfw@kd o;Hk oyf&&Sygonf? usaemfw@kd Ekiiw0Sr;f
J
hf
G f
d
dfH
wGif Oya'jzifprcef@caea=umif;udk Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh tcgt
h D H JG
kfH
f
cGioifwi;f ajym=um;aeonfukd usaemfw@kd avhvmawGŒ&S&ygonf? xk@d a=umifvnf; Oya'udav;
hf h dk
d
h
k
pm;aomtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ Oya'ESihftnDaqmif&Gufvdrfhrnf[kar#mfvifhv#uf Tpmtm;
a&;om;wifjyEki&ef qk;H jzwfc=hJ u&jcif;jzpfygonf?
df
4?
,ckjzpfysucaomjzpf&yfwif SNLD taejzifrnfo@kd r# yg0ifywfoufcjhJ cif;r&Sa=umif;
f hJ
G
h
d
397

398. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
xif&m;aeygonf? od@k ygvsuf Akvr;ª 0if;oltaejzifh OD;pdi;f pk;d !Ge@f tm; rnfonfta=umif;a=umifh
S
d f
k
h
SNLD ygw0iftjzpfrS E_wxuapcJoenf;? SNLD taejzifh trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwif aumfr
D
f G f h
G
&Si§vkyief;aumfrwDw@dk .wifjycsursm;ESifh oabmxm;uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aeonfrm trSeyifjzpf
f
f
f
S
f
aomfvnf; wlnaomoabmxm;w&yfjzpfay:&&Satmif óu;d pm;ae=uqJjzpfygonf? oabmxm;
D
d
uGvronf obm0omjzpfygonf? wOD;ESiwOD; “oabmxm;rwlol wk@d &efo” [k usaemfw@kd
J JG _
hf
l
oabmrxm;yg? xko@kd oabmxm;uGjJ ym;=ujcif;onf (e0w) tm; qef@usijf cif;[k usaemfw@dk
d
D
k
rcH,=l uyg? wyfrawmftqifjh rifh t&m&SwOD;taejzifh SNLD ygw0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;pdi;f pd;k !Ge@f tm;
d
tjzpftysuwpkw&moufqijf cif;r&Sygyvsuf ygw0iftjzpfrS twif;t=uyf vufrwa&;xk;d
f H
dk
d J
D
S f
E_wxuapjcif;onf rnfonfu&nf!e;f aeoenf;[k usaemfw@dk tav;teufpOf;pm;ae=u&yg
f G f
kd
¸
onf?
5?
xk@d tjyif jzpfysucaome,fajronf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aome,fajrwGijf zpfygonf? ppfw
f hJ
vif;ajrr[kwyg? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aome,fajrjzpfygonf[qonfukd jiif;qko&v#if trsm;tod
f
k dk
d l dS
a=unmay;apvkygonf? xko@kd w&m;Oya'&Saeygvsuf tpOftvm}uD;rm;vSonf[qaom
d
d
d
k dk
wyfrawmfom;wOD;jzpfol Advr;ª 0if;ol§wyf=uyf^m%fjrifw@dk onf “ppfwyfrmOya'r&Sb;l / tm%m
k f
h
S
d
bJ&w,f” [laomtajymrdsK;jzifh rdroabmtavsmuf xifwi;f ESypufaer_onf Oya'vufvwf
dS
d
dk d f
$
ðyr_omjzpf+yD; wyfrawmf.*k%oumtm; apmfum;jcif;jzpfygonf// jynfovxukd apmfum;jcif;
f d Q
l l k
vnf;jzpfygonf//
6?
usaemfw@dk ygwtaejzifh EdiiawmftudsK;twGuf trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwif yg0ifaqmif&uf
D
kfH
G
G
vsu&ygonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwif oabmxm;rwlujJG ym;=ujcif;onf obm0omjzpfygonf?
f dS
G
rwlonfukd wlEiatmif!Ei;f &efomvkygonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHrS E_wxuci;f p&mta=umif;
dk f
Sd d_
d
f G f kd
r&Syg? ygw0iftjzpfrS E_wxuci;f Ekiavmufaom tcGitm%monfvnf; wyfrawmft&m&Sw
d
D
f G f dk d f
hf
d
a,mufwif &Saevdrrnf[k usaemfw@dk rxifyg// Ediiawmftpd;k &u todtrSwðf yxm;aom EdiiH
G d
hf
kfH
kf
a&;ygwwckrS E_wxuap&ef wyfrawmft&m&SwOD;u w&m;Oya'a=umif;wckukd wrifzefw;D +y;D
D
f G f
d
tvJtvS,ðf ycJjh cif;onf usaemfw@dk tm; tHtm;oifapcJygonf//
h
h h
SNLD taejzifh trdsK;om;nDvmcHwif tðyoabmaqmif vufwaqmif&uaejcif;
G
JG
G f
7?
d D
onf Ediiawmfaumif;usKd ;udar#mu;kd Ijzpfygonf? SNLD taejzifh rdrygw0ifwOD;tm; wyfr
kfH
k f
awmft&m&SwOD;u twif;t=uyfEwxuci;f vdrrnf[k rar#mvifcyg? A[dtvkytr_aqmif
d
_ f G f dk
hf
f h hJ
k
f
kd f
f
wOD;jzpfonftjyif SNLD . trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,wOD;tm; tjyif;txef '%f&m&&Sd
h
atmif±uEuxm;+y;D aemuf xko@kd qJqusr;f armif; cdse;f acsmuf+y;D E_wxuci;f vdrrnf[k ykIyif
kd f S f
d
dk d
f G f kd
hf
d
rar#mvifcyg? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHonf zmo,frawG/ bde;f pm;awG/ bde;f olc;dk awG wufaewmbJ
f h hJ
bmrS t"dyg` ,r&Sb;l - xGuvu[k use;f armif;cse;f ajcmuf+yD;xGuci;f jcif;onf tvGeapmfum;
f d
f dk f
d
d
f kd
f
aompum;&yfjzpfygonf// (e0w) . 5§96 Oya'onf wyfrawmftpdk;&uxkwfjyefaom
398

399. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
Oya'jzpf a=umif; wyfrawmft&m&SwOD;jzpfol Advr;ª 0if;ol od&+dS yD;jzpfygvrrnf?
d
k f
d hf
8?
jzpfysucaom tjzpftysutay: tajccHvsuf usaemfw@dk atmufygtwdi;f pOf;pm;=u
f hJ
f
k
ygonf?
(u) trdsK;om;nDvmcHwif usaemfw@dk ,k=H unfonftwki;f ±d;k om;pGmwifjyaejcif;onf
G
h d
“tjypf” jzpfygovm;?
(c) wyfrawmft&m&Sd wOD;taejzifh usaemfw@dk ygw0ifrsm;tm; yk*Kd~ va&;qENukd qef@usif
D
f
vsuf ygw0iftjzpfrS twif;t=uyfEwxuapEkiygovm;? trdsK;om;nDvmcHrS
D
_ f G f df
E_wxuci;f jcif;ESihf nDvmcHwufa&muforsm;udk ykwcwfajymqkjd cif;onf rnfonfh
f G f kd
l
f
t"dyg` ,jf zpfonfukd aocsmpGmjyefvnfo;Hk oyf&rnfjzpfygonf//
(*) usaemfw@dk taejzifh trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwiyg0ifaqG;aEG;aejcif;onf usaemfw@dk .
Gf
e,fwi&aom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,rsm;ESifh olw@dk . rdom;pkvðHk ca&;t
G f dS
kd f
f
H
wGuf pd;k &drpm ylyifaomujzpfvm&ygonf//
f G
kd f
f
k
(C) usaemfw@dk SLND . trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,wOD;jzpfol OD;pdi;f pk;d !Ge@f yif
v#if w&m;vufvwf rw&m;tEkiusic&+yD; w&m;Oya'ESihf vk;H 0qef@usiaom
G
d f hf H
f
vufjyefóud;wky/f xdyw;Hk cyf+yD; ±duEuconftjyif aq;0g;ukor_uray;cJv#if
f
k f S f hJ h
kd
h
omref±;kd ±d;k vkyom;jynfowOD;tzd@k qv#if awG;0hp&myifr&Sawmhy?
f
l
dk
H
d
(i) tvm;wljzpf&yfrsm;pGmudk usaemfw@dk =um;odae&ygon? Oya'ESitnD w&m;pD&ifEif
hf
dk
jcif;&Sonfukd odyr=um;&yg?
d
f
(p) Ediiom;wOD;. tdry&0%ftwGi;f cGiðhf ycsur&Sd usL;ausm0ifa&muf+yD; aoewfjzifh
kfH
f
f
f
±kuEujf cif;onf Ediiawmfu Ekiiom;rsm;udk tumtuG,ay;&ef ay;tyfxm;
d fS
kfH
dfH
f
aomvufeufjzifh &mZ0wfruusL;vGejf cif;jzpfygonf?
_ kd
f
txufygta=umif;t&mrsm;udk axmuf±+_ yD; usaemfw@dk SLND tvkytr_aqmift
aejzifh (u) Advr;ª 0if;ol/ wyf=uyf^m%fjrifh ESitzGŒJ wd@k .vky&yftm; jyif;xefpm±_wcsygonf?
k f
hf
f
G f
(c) jypfrusL;vGeol wyfrawmft&m&SEihf t=uyfwyfom;wk@d tm; Oya'ESitnD jyif;
_
f
d S
hf
xefpm ta&;,lay;yg&ef awmif;qkvuygonf? trSepifppf Oya'jzifh ta&;,lay;
G
d dk f
f
yg[k awmif;qkae&onfuu usaemfw@dk tzk@d &Suaerdygonf?
d
kd
f
(*) Oya'ESitnD rnfo@kd rnfyHk ta&;,lvua=umif;udk tESypufc&aom yk*Kd~ vfEihf
hf
kd f
d f
H
S
xky*K~ v.ygwtm; twdtusjyefvnfta=umif;=um;ay;&ef awmif;qdygonf?
dk d f
D
k
(C) trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,jf zpfap/ w&m;0ifygwwck. A[dtvkytr_aqmif
kd f
D
k
f
wOD;jzpfap omrefygw0ifwOD;jzpfap/ omrefvyom;jynfowOD;jzpfap/ rnfoyif
D
kf
l
l
jzpfapEkiiom;wOD;taejzifh Ediiom;wOD;. &oif&xkuaom tumtuG,ukd
dfH
kfH
h d f
f
jynf0pGm&&SEiapvkygonf?
h
d dk f d
(i) Advr;ª 0if;olEitzGJŒ. rw&m;ðyusionfvy&yftay: ta&;,laqmif&ujf cif;
k f
S hf
hf h k f
G
399

400. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
r&Sv#if wyfrawmfwckv;Hk u vkyuionfoabmrsKd ; txiftjrifrm;,Gi;f r_rsm;
d
f kd f h
S
jzpfvmEkiygonf?
df
wyfrawmf. wm0ef}u;D jzpfonfh vkyom;jynfow‹dk tm; tumtuG,ay;&rnftpm;
f
l
f
h
w&m;Oya'ESihf tcGitm%mudk tvGo;Hk pm;ðyvsuf w&m;vufvw±uEu/f ESypuf!i;f yrf;ae
hf
J
G f kd f S d f
S
onfukd cGiðhf yaev#if usaemfw@dk taejzifrsm;pGm pdwraumif;jzpf&rnf jzpfygonf?
h
f
xktcg usaemfw@dk taejzifh Ediiawmf.tudsK;udk ar#mu;kd vsuf twlwuGvufwaqmif
d
kfH
f
JG
&Guaeaom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHtay:wGivnf; wrdsK;wzkH jyefvnfpOf;pm;=u&awmhrnfjzpfygonf?
f
f
tvkytr_aqmiftzGŒJ pnf;a0;qk;H jzwfcsut& f
f
xxxxxx
OuUÏ
- yl;wGvsuf OD;pki;f pk;d !Ge@f . tjzpftysutvk;H pktm; tzGŒJ csKyfo@dk wifjyaom pmrdwL?
J
d
f
H
W
- OD;pdi;f pd;k !¸e@f tm; twif;t=uyfvufrwa&;xk;d apcJaom E_wxupmESifh 0efccsuf pmrdwL?
k
S f
h
f G f
H
W
rdwL W
- 'kw,AdvcsKyf}uD; cif!e@f / twGi;f a&;rª; (1)
d k f
G
- Ekiiawmf +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ?
dfH
f
- 'kw, AdvcsKyf}uD; rdsK;!Ge@f (OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si?)
d k f
f
- OD;baX; / OuUÏ / a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si/f /
f
JG
(OD;pdi;pd;!Ge@f .E_wxupmtm; yl;wGyg ol.tjzpftysuwifjycsursm;udk axmuf±+_ yD;vufcjH cif;
kf k
f G f
J
f
f
rðy&efta=umif;=um;ygonf)
- ±k;H vufcH ?
1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv ( ) &uf//
S
od@dk §
400

401. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
c±dia&G;cs,wifajr‡mufa&;tzGŒJ aumfr&Si/f jrpf}uD;em;òrdŒ?
kf
f
ta-umif;t&m?
? &Sr;trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfygwD0ifEihf A[daumfrwD0if tjzpfrEwxuciðhf y
f
kd
S k
S+ f G fG
&efwifjyjcif;?
0di;f armfòrŒd e,f/ rdi;f em;aus;&Gm/ &yfuuf (3)ae (tb) OD;vSarmif.om; Ediiom;pDppfa&;
k
k
G
kfH
vufrwf trSwf 1§0re (Edi) - 027202 udiaqmifol u|eawmfO;D pdi;f pk;d !Ge@f rS av#mufxm;yg
S
kf
kf
f
k
onf? u|eawmfonf vGeconfh (5) ESpcef@rpI &Sr;f trdsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyygw0if/ A[kaufr
f
f hJ
f S
kd
f D
d
wDEihf jrpf}u;D em;òre,f/ òrŒd r&yfuu/f trSwf (30) ae&mwGi±;Hk zGivpxm;&Saom tzGŒJ csKy±;Hk wm0efcH
S
d
G
f hf S f
d
f
tjzpfaqmif&ucygonf? ,ae@ 1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@rtpðyI u|eawmf.
G f hJ
S
S
f
rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&; ajyvnfapa&;twGuf ygw0iftjzpfrvnf;aumif;/ A[daumfrwD0iftjzpfrS
D
S
k
vnf;aumif; E_wxuciðhf yyg&ef wifjyav#mufxm;tyfygonf?
f G fG
xxxxxx
(av#mufxm;ol) trnf//
OD;pki;f pd;k !Ge@f (1§0re(Eki) - 027202)
d
df
rdwLudk W
- òrdŒe,f+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / 0di;f armfòrdŒ?
f
k
- wyfq,r;ª / trSwf (8) axmufvr;f a&;wyfq,/f 0di;f armfòrdŒ?
G f
S
G k
- aus;&Gm+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / rdi;f em;aus;&Gm?
f
k
0efcHuwdðypmcsKyf
0di;f armfòrdŒe,f/ rdi;f em;aus;&GmtrSwf (3) &yfuuae (b) OD;vSarmif.om; pdi;f pd;k !Ge@f
k
k
G f
k
(42) ESpf 1§0re(Eki) - 027202 ESihf (b)OD;zk;d }u;D .om; pd;k ode;f (25)ESpf pDppfa&;u'f (r&S) wk@d EpO;D
fd f
d
Sf
onf 1996 ck 'DZifbmv (17) &ufn (19;30) cdsecef@&yfuuf (3) &Sa': =unfatmifA',±wif
f
G
d
D D kd Hk G
cv& (58) rdi;f em;wyfpcef;rª; wyf=uyfvif;atmifEifh 'kwyf=uyf ode;f ode;f wk@d tm; 0di;f 0ef;xk;d }uwchJ
k
S
k
d f
onftjyif wyfrawmftm; qef@usiawmfveonfpum;rsm; ajymqkonfjh ypfrusL;vGecygonf?
h
f
Sf h
d
_
f hJ
txufygupEiywfoufI rdi;f em;aus;&Gm +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ
d P S hf
k
f
OD;ausm+f idr;f . wm0efcH 0efcsawmif;yefjcif;twGuf OD;pki;f pd;k !Ge@f tm; &Sr;f trdsK;om;'Drua&pD
d
kd
tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0ifEihf A[kaumfrwD0iftjzpfrS E_wxurnfjzpfa=umif;0efcjH cif;/ wyfrawmftm;
S
d
f G f
401

402. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
aemufaemifqef@usia0zefrrðybJ opPm&SpmESifh ±daousKd ;EGpm emcHqufqrnfjzpfa=umif; 0efcu
f
_
dG
k
HG
H
H
wdðypmcsKyfY vufrwa&;xk;d ygonf?
S f
0efcuwdysuuuygu jypfrqi&m Oya'yk'r 141 / 142/ 153 ESifh 332 wk@d t& tr_
H
f G f
_ dk f
f
zGita&;,ljcif;cHrnfjzpfa=umif; 0efcuwdðyygonf?
hf
H
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
pdi;f pk;d nGe@f
k
1§0re(Eki) - 027202
df
armifp;kd ode;f
(pDppfa&;u'f-r&S)
d
1// 1§0re(Eki) - 012982
df
2// 1§0re(Eki) - 013627
df
3// trSw/f yw§10485
4// trSw/f 567597
- OD;ausmjf idr;f (&/0/w OuUÏ)
- a':=unfatmif (tr)
- t&cA ausmp;kd (&if; t&cA)
f
- wuu Om%fjrifh (rw,wuu)
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
od@k
OuUÏ
&Sr;f wki;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
d
kd
&efueòf rdŒ?
k
&ufp?
JG
ta-umif;t&m?
? 1996 / 'DZifbmv (25) &uf//
? &Sr;wki;&if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfygwD0if/ A[daumfrwD0if/ trdsK;om;nDvmcH
f df
kd
k
ud,pm;vS,tjzpfrS twif;t-uyfEwxu&ef apcdi;r+twGuf tpD&ifcwifjyjcif;?
k f
f
+ f G f
kf
H
1?
txufta=umif;t&mESiywfoufI usaemf0i;f armfòrdŒe,f/ rdi;f em;aus;&Gmae OD;pdi;f
hf
kd
k
k
pd;k !Ge@f [ 1§0re (Eki) - 027202 ] tzGŒJ csKy. A[daumfrwD0ifEifh trdsK;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,f
df
f
k
S
kd f
u atmufygtwki;f wifjytpD&ifctyfygonf?
d
H
2?
402
17-12-96 ae@n 7;00 em&Dcef@wif usaemfonf npmpm;aomuf+yD; usaemhtrvrf;
G
df

403. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
axmif&dS AD',±wif uGr;f ,m0g;vsuf tjyifbufcwef;wGif xkiaeygonf? xkpOf ±ktwGi;f rS qln+H y;D
h D kd Hk G
Hk
df
d H
vltrsm;v#xuvmojzifh cav;ESit&G,trsm;rxdcurap&ef 0ifa&mufxe;f odr;f ay;ygonf?
H G f
hf
f dk
dk f d
d
jyempwifjzpfonfh vlpr;f (2) a,muftm; ckwef;wGixiapvsuf tjcm;vlrsm;udk qufvuf
d
H
f dk f
=unfrnfotwGi;f 0ifap+y;D qufvufr=unfrnhol tdrjf yefap&ef arwWm&yfcvuygonf? vlpr;f
h h l
h f
H dk f
d
(2) a,mufrm t&yf0wf/ 0wfxm;aom cv& (58) rdi;f em;&Gm wyfpcef;rª; wyf=uyfvif;atmifEihf
S
k
S
'kwyf=uyf ode;f ode;f wk@d jzpfa=umif; ar;jref;=unfI od&ygonf? usaemfu olw@dk tm;qlyygonf?
h
l
pcef;rª;jzpfv#if pcef;rSmae&ef/ atmufqif;v#if wyf0wfpHk (,leazgi;f ) 0wfI aoewfEivm&ef
D
S hf
'grS t&yfom;uod&Eirnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf ,ckuo@kd jyemjzpfu wyfoumusa=umif; ae&mw
dS dk f
hJ
d Q
um rdrtrvoabmxm;ESihf raygavsmoifa=umif;ajym+yD; aus;&Gm+idr0yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf
d d f dk
h
h h
f
a&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;ausm+f idr;f tm; tac:v$wItyfEay;vkuygonf? jzpfpOfwckv;Hk rSm (5) rdepfcef@
f
HS
d f
om=umjrih+f y;D xkpOfu teD;tem;wGif ‚if;wk@d Eijhf yemjzpfaom &Gmom;armifp;kd ode;f ESihf vrf;pDrH
d
S
ude;f rS OD;atmifEi/f &Gm;om;OD;bd;k a&;/ a': =unfatmif/ armifaemifaemifw@kd &ae=uygonf? tqkyg
dk
dS
d
wyfpcef;rª; wyf=uyfEihf 'kwyf=uyftm; tumtuG,ay;±komay;cJygonf? vk;H 0rxk;d r}udwyg?
S
f H
h
f
‚if;wd@k (2) a,mufEihf &Gmom;armifp;kd ode;f wa,mufwnf; jyemjzpfjcif;omjzpfygonf? ‚if;
S
wk@d u,wif u0w OuUÏESihf trsm;a&SŒwGi0efcc+hJ yD;jzpfygonf?
kd f dk
f H
2?
18-12-96 &ufae@wif usaemfonf pyg;wku&ef v,fawmod@k vkytm;ac:xm;aom
G
d f
f
vSn;f rsm;ESitwl eHeufapmapmxGuom;ygonf? usaemhv,fawmonf &GmESihf (4-5) rkicef@
hf
f G
df
uGma0;ygonf// &Gmod@k pyg;vSn;f (6) pD;ESitwl nae 3;00 em&Dcef@wif jyefa&mufaomtcg &Gm
hf
G
om;OD;bd;k a&;u rae@n (17-12-96) n jyemtwGuf ‚if;.om; armifp;dk ode;f tm; rdi;f em;
k
wyfpcef;wGif csKyfxm;onftwGuf n pcef;od@k om;I pum;ajymay;&ef vma&mufajym=um;
h
G
ygonf? (usaemfw@dk t&yf"avhonf vkytm;tultnDac:ygu xrif;weyfukd tazsm,rumjzifh
f
f
{nfcwuau|;=uygonf?) xrif;pm;aomuf+y;D I usaemfur;f ,m0g;&m aq;rsm;I rl;oGm;ygonf?
h H kd f
G
&Gm;om;udjk ratmifEihf armifwifaqGw@dk u wGI uGr;f ,mqkirS tdro@kd jyefy@kd ay;ygonf? tdra&muf
S
h
J
df
f
f
I usaemfty,m0ifpOf usaemhtray:wGif vlwa,muftm; 0di;f ±duoay:vmygonf? (usaemfh
df
df
k k f H
tdronf a&S;tdrf 2 aqmifòyijf zpf+y;D taqmifr}u;D ESihf xrif;pm;cef;/ rD;zdcef;taqmif=um; avScg;
f
d
k
twuf a&wHav#mufatmufwif 18'x 10' ae&mvyf&ygonf?) usaemfu a[higtray:rSmbm
G
dS
h df
jzpfaewmvJ [katmfvu&m t±kuc&ol &Gmom;armifz;dk omxl;u tdrrxJajy;0ifvm+y;D usaemfh
dk f
d fH
f
udu,fygtud[awmif;yefygonf? usaemfty&mrSxvkupOf usaemftm; trsKd ;orD;uwGxay;
k
k k
df
d f
h
J l
&ygonf? xkpOf ,leazgi;f tpdr;f 0wf umbkiaoewfuif vl (5) a,muf {nfcef;wGi;f 0ifvm+yD;
d
D
df
kd
h
teD;a&mufonfEihf aoewfjziftwif;0if±uygonf? usaemh acgi;f / ezl;/ em;xifEihf yg;pyfw@kd rm
S
h
kd f
S
S
'%f&mrsm;jzpf+yD; tdr{nfcef;twGi;f Y aoG;csi;f csi;f eDom;ygonf? yg;pyfr'%f&ma=umifh oGm; (5)
f h
G
S
acsmif; tHuyfrmuGa=uoGm;ygonf? usaemfu cifAsm;wd@k b,foawGvJ bma=umifh 'Dvvy&
S J
l
dk k f
wmvJ[ar;&m cv& (58) rSjzpfa=umif; zrf;qD;&efvma=umif;ajymojzifh usaemfu tzrf;cHyg
k
onf? tdrwi;f rSmyif usaemf/ armifz;kd omxl;ESihf tdro@kd tvnfa&mufaeaom &Gm;om;armifjrOD;
f G
f
wk@d tm; vufjyefóud;wkyv#uf rki;f em;&Gm cv& (58) wyfpef;od@k ac:aqmifom;ygonf// 3 zgvcef@
f
d
G
Hk
a0;aompcef;od@k om;&m vrf;wav#muf ±kuEuom;ygonf? pcef;a&mufaomf vufjyefóu;d wkyf
G
d f Sd f G
403

404. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
vsuf xdyw;Hk cwf+y;D xyfr±uEuuefausmufygonf? tdrwif pwif±uEupOfuwnf;u w&m;
f
H dk f S f
f G
dk f S f
0iftrsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,jf zpfa=umif;ajymjy+yD;jzpfygonf? em;rvnfb;l [kajym+yD; quf
kd f
vuf±uEuygonf? usaemftm; wpkw&mppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;vnf;rðyI rnfonhtwGuf ±kuf
kd f S f
H
f
d
ESure;f rodyg? n 11;00 em&Dcef@wif armifjrOD;tm;jyefvway;+yD; usaemf/ zk;d omxl;ESihf armifp;dk
fS
G
$ f
ode;f (eHeufuwnf;u csKyfxm;ol) 3 OD;tm; vufjyefóud;wkyvsuf acsmpufavSjzifac:aqmif+yD;
f
h
cv& (58) wyf&if;tcsKyfwif csKyfaESmifxm;cJygonf?
G
h
3?
19-12-96 &ufae@eeuf 6;30 cef@wif cv& (58) XmecsKyfwyfcr;ª Advr;ª 0if;ola&muf
H
G
JG k f
vm+yD; tcsKyfcef;rSxwI wef;pDci;f ygonf? usaemf/ armifp;dk ode;f / armifz;dk omxl;wk@d tm; rif;wk@d
k f
kd
Auy vm;/ atbDtuf(pf)'Dtuf(zf)vm;/ aomif;use;f oltrmcHvm; owfypfvur,f/ rif;wk@d ukd
dk f
owfypfv@dk &w,f/ wyfrawmfrm Oya'r&Sb;l [kajymygonf? usaemftm;vJ bmvJcifAsm;u EdiiH
S
d
kf
a&;orm;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf xrDem;ckpm;wJvvm;? pcef;rª;wa,mufukd 0di;f xk;d }uw/f wyfr
d
h l
k
d
awmfukd tykwcswm/ bmvJ wyfrawmfukd tmcHwmvm;[k ajymqkpypygonf? armifp;dk ode;f u
f
d G f JG
r[kw&ygb;l Advr;ª 0if;olu pcef;rª;qkwm usaemfrodygb;l / t&ifpcef;rª;awG &JabmfawG usaemf
f
k f
d
wk@d cifrif=uw,f/ olŒudawmhusaemfrodv@dk yg/ +yD;awmh olw@dk u pxk;d vk@d usaemfujyefx;dk rdwmyg/
k
udp+P y;D uwnf;u wa,mufe@J wa,muf auseyfv@dk pcef;rª;up+y;D vufqEwquf=uygw,f? ajy
JG _ f
vnf=u+yD;om; aemufae@reuf at;at;aq;aq;pum;ajymzk@d pcef;udom;awmhrS xdyw;Hk xJ
k G
f
xnf+h yD;±kuwmyg? usaemfawmif ckxem;rvnfjzpfaeygw,f[k jyefajymygonf? usaemftm;vJ
d f
d
bmvJcifAsm;u usKyf&abmfukd xkici;f xm;+yD; rdepf (30) avmuf Ediia&;w&m;a[mw,fqdk
J
d f dk
kfH
cifAsm;aocsiovm;[kajym&m usaemfu r[kw&ygb;l Advr;ª cifAsm; &JabmfawG vl=um;rSm jy
f
f
k f
emjzpfv@dk usaemftumtuG,ay;xm;cJwm/ usaemft+rwef;tultnDay;cJwm a'ocHwyf&if;
f
h
J
h
jzpfv@dk t&ifuqkd t&m&St&mcHwyfom;tm;vk;H usaemfucifrif=uw,f/ r[kwwmawGŒ&if
d
h kd
f
usaemfqwm/ qJwm olw@dk tomw=unfc=H uw,f[jk yefajym&m Akvr;ª 0if;olu cifAsm;oufao&Sd
l
d f
ovm; [kar;ygonf? usaemfu oufaotrsm;tjym;&Sw,f/ Advr;ª udwiwvu,wif usaemfh
d
k f k dk f hJ l kd f dk
oufaobJ/ tckac:ar;=unfyg[k jyefajymygonf? Advr;ª 0if;olu cifAsm;pum;wwfwi;f rajymeJ@
h
k f
dk
usKyowfypfr,f/ A[duif;taemufu usi;f awG=unfxm;[kajym+y;D &mZowf}u;D Oya'pmtkyukd
f
k
h
f
xkwjf yI usaemftm; jypfrqi&mOya'yk'r 141/ 142/ 153/ 332 wk@d Eihf w&m;pGqrnfjzpfa=umif;
h
_ dk f
f
S
J dk
ajymygonf// usaemfu Advr;ª ajymwJjh ypfrawG usaemfrusL;vGeyg/ tjzpftysutm;vk;H udvJ
k f
l
f
f
k
usaemfu pwifzefw;D cJwmr[kwyg/ usaemf[m w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,jf zpfyg
h
f
kd f
w,f/ trlrvkyyge@J awmif;yefygw,f[k ajymqkawmif;yefygonf? Advr;ª 0if;olu bmtrsKd ;om;
f
d
k f
nDvmcHv/J zmo,frawG bde;f pm;/ bde;f olc;kd awGwufaewmbJ/ bmrSt"dyg` ,r&Sb;l xGuvu[k
f d
f dk f
t=uyf/ wyfom;rsm;ESifh tcsKyfom; usaemfw@dk (3) OD;a&SŒwGiajymqkcygonf? ,if;aemuf igom;
f
d hJ
G
p&m&Sw,f/ jyefxnfxm;vku[ajym+yD; tcsKyfcef;xJ jyefxnfxm;cJygonf?
d
h
d f k
h
h
ae@ 11;00 em&Dcef@wif usaemfwa,mufwnf;udk tcsKyfcef;rSxw+f yD; tjcm;tcef;vGwf
G
k
wckwif xkicixm;ygonf? 15 rdepfcef@=umaomf rdi;f em;aus;&Gm +idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;
G d f dk f
k
f
tzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;ausm+f idr;f a&mufvm+yD; Advr;ª u ygwe@J trsKd ;om;nDvmcHuxGu&if v$way;r,f
k f
D
f
f
ajymw,f/ vkuemvkuygignD rif;tajctaeodyq;dk aew,f/ aq;jrefjrefurjS zpfr,f[ajymyg
d f
d f h
f
k
k
404

405. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
onf? xkpOfu usaemf. OD;acgi;f onf±uxm; aom'%fcsua=umifh rl;a0uducaeygonf? prf;
d
dk f
f
k fJ
vkuwi;f ydEo;D rSnuo@dk aysmpaysmpjd zpfaeygonf// T tcGita&;onf tdro@kd jyefI aeEkif
d f kd
JM
hf hJ
h d h
hf
f
d
atmif vktyfaomtcGita&;[kyif usaemfxifrwygonf// usaemf oabmwlnc&ygonf//
d
hf
S f
D hJ
yl;wGyg E_wxua=umif;pmudk Advr;ª 0if;olu,wif pm=urf;a&;+y;D cv& (58) wyf&if;±k;H rS vufEyf
J
f G f
k f
kd f kd
Sd
pufjzif±uI usaemftm;vufrwa&;xk;d apygonf? pm±kuaepOf wem&Dcef@twGi;f usaemftm;
h kd f
h
S f
d f
&yfxm;apvsuf rif;wk@d Eiia&;orm;awGrwxm;/ wyfrawmfrm vufeuf&w,f/ woufv;Hk b,f
dk f H
S f
S
dS
awmhrtm%mrtyfb;l / acG;avS;ckev@dk zerxbl;/ zm;wkv@dk c±kce&if tkiysu±om&dvrr,f/ bm
S
f kf
kf
d f f Hk S d hf
vJ om;uGr,m;uGaocsiovm;/ ud,[mud,p;D yGm;a&;vkyygvm;[kajymygonf// usaemfu
J
J
f
k hf
k f
f
Ekiia&;vkyz@dk 0goemygv@dk vkywmr[kwygb;l / Ediiawmfu w&m;0ifciðhf yvk@d vyaewmyg// ygwu
dfH
f
f
f
kfH
G
kf
D
Ekwxuz@kd usaemfoabmeJ@jzpfayrJh trsKd ;om;nDcu,pm;vS,jf zpfaevk@d usaemhtzG@J csKyu vuf
f G f
h
H kd f
f
cHrmr[kwb;l / 'gq&ifawmh Advr;ª a&m usaemfa&m rwwfEiygb;l [kajym&m bmtrsKd ;om;nDvm
S
f
dk
k f
dk f
cHvJ zmo,frawG/ bde;f pm;/ bde;f olc;dk awGwufaewmbJ/ bmrSjzpfvmrSmr[kwb;l // usaemf.
f
ezl;/ yg;pyfr'%f&ma=umifh aoG;ap;rsm;uyfvsu&aoma=umihf usaemfpum;rsm;pGmrajymEkiyg?
S
f dS
df
Advr;ª vkycsiwmvkyygawmh[om usaemfajymcJygonf/ E_wxua=umif;pmudk vufrwa&;xk;d +y;D
k f
f f
f
k
h
f G f
S f
usaemftwGuf vufcEihf c±diaumfr&SitzGŒJ cGo@kd ay;&ef (2) apmifay;+y;D rdwLW jzef@a0r_ukd Advr;ª 0if;
h
HS kf
f
J
k f
olu,wif wm0ef,ygonf? a&;xk;d aom vufrwygpmtwdi;f rvkuemygu ta&;,lc&rnfh
kd f dk
l
S f
k
d f
H
cH0efcsupmwapmifuvJ vufrwa&;xk;d apygonf? (pmESpapmifukd yl;wGwifjytyfygonf?) ae
f
kd
S f
f
J
2;00 em&Dcef@wif vufrwa&;xk;d +yD;I usaemf/ armifp;kd ode;f wk@d tm; u0w OuUÏ OD;ausm+f idr;f /
G
S f
a': =unfatmifEihf t=uyftcsKd Œa&SŒarSmufwif Advr;ª 0if;olu olŒtm;aus;Zl;wifaomtm;jzifh
S
G k f
&Sr;f xk;H pHt& uefawmhawmif;yef&rnf[ajym+yD; jyefvway;cJygonf//
k
$ f h
4?
tdrjf yefa&muf+yD; &Gmol&mom;trsm;tjym;u usaemf'%f&mrsm;tm; qEGi;f / rdwo
G
h
f
vif paom awmaq;rsm;jzifh wduau|;/ aq;vl;ay;=uygonf? yg;pyf'%f&ma=umifh aumfzat;
k f
D
at;udom usaemfaomufEiygonf? 20-12-96 &ufae@wif jrpf}uD;em;od@k u;l I aq;ukocH&m
k
dk f
G
rnfonfh jyifyaq;cef;r# vufcuor_rðy=uyg?
H k
jrpf}uD;em;jynfoŒl aq;±krvnf; &Jpcef;axmufccsujf zifomvufcrnfjzpfa=umif;ajym
HS
H
h
H
ojzifh trSwf (8) axmufvra&;wyfo@kd tultnDom;awmif;&m wyft&m&Srsm;ESirawG@I
S f
G
d
hf
tultnDr&yg// 21-12-96 &ufae@/ eHeufapmapmxyfrom;a&mufaomfvnf; t&m&Srsm;rawGŒ
H G
d
&bJ/ atmuf±;Hk od@k om;&ef !¸ejf y&m (2) rdicef@a0;aomc&D;udk xkpOfu usaemfroGm;Ediyg? usaemf
G
kf
d
kf
tdrjf yefI awmaq;ESihf oufomatmifðyvkyaecJygonf// 22-12-96 &ufwir;kd tk@H I wae@v;kH
f h
Gf
zsm;ygonf? usaemfonf t±kuc&aomae@rS ,ae@xufwif ae@a&mnygtyraysmyg? 23-12d fH
kd
d f
f
96 eHeufapmapmwGif acgi;f rSwppfppfuucvmI txl;pd;k &drvm+y;D &efueo@kd qif;vm&ef ±kww
kd f J
f
kf
f
&ufppOfygonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,rsm;twGuf pDpOfxm;&Saomaq;ukor_ tpDtpOf
D
kd f
f
d
udk tm;ud;k Ijzpfygonf?
5?
txufazmfjyygjzpf&yfrsm;onf usaemf.jzpf&yftrSejf zpfygonf? aus;&Gmvlxtrsm;
k
tjym;tm; a=umufvef@jcif;uif;pGm xGufqdkatmifppfar;ygu ajymjy=uvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf?
405

406. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
usaemfonf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om; rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu,pm;vS,tjzpf
k
kd
kd f
f
a0;vHaomt&yfrS rdrvyief;aqmifwmt&yf&yfuOyuQmðycg Ediiawmftpk;d & (wyfrawmf) .
d k f
kd
kfH
OD;aqmifrj_ zifusi;f yaom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwif yl;aygi;f aqmif&uaevifupm; usaemfEihf rdom;pk
h
G
G f
h
S
td;k tdrvòkH cHa&;twGurqdxm;ESi/hf usaemftm;yif rw&m;±duEu!i;f yef;r_ðycH&v#if usaemf
f
f k
h
k f S f S
rnfuo@kd qufvuf&yfwnf&rnfukd rodEiawmhyg? tu,fI jypfrwpHw&m usL;vGeryguvnf;
hJ
kd f
_ k
fd
wnfqOya't& ta&;,ljcif;udk Ediiom;wOD;taejzifh cH,&efomjzpfygonf? rw&m;±kuEu+f y;D
J
kfH
l
d fS
ygwEitrsKd ;om;nDvmcHrS E_wxuap&efroifyg? jzpfpOftm;vH;k wGif usaemftray:od@k twif;0if
D S hf
f G f
h
h df
a&muf±uEuorm cv& (58) rS wyf=uyf}u;D ^m%fjrifEitzGŒJ jzpf+y;D rdi;f em;&Gmod@k pwif0ifa&muf
dk f S f l S
h S hf
k
onfEihf vrf;ay:awGŒor#vu±u&ef/ &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf qdi;f bkwawGŒv#if
S
l kd dk f
k
kd
k
f
ypfcwfðzwfcsc&ef trde@f &&Sa=umif;od&ygonf? usaemfonf &Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
hJ
d
k
kd
ygw0iftjzpfr‚if;/ trsKd ;om;nDvmcHtm; ausmcdi;f E_wxu&efaomfvnf;aumif; qENv;kH 0r&Syg?
D
S
k
f G f
d
usaemf.tjzpftysuukd erlemxm;I tjcm;jynfovxk rnfonfwOD;wa,mufjzpfap/ rcHpm;&
f
l l
h
atmif oufqi&mEdiiawmft}uD;tuJrsm;od@k yg wifjyEdiap&ef tpD&ifcwifjytyfygonf?
kd f k f H
kf
H
xxxxxx
OD;pki;f pd;k !Ge@f
d
1§0re(Eki) 027202
df
rdi;f em;aus;&Gm
fk
0di;f armfòrdŒe,f?
k
tusOf;uscH trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pk. xkwfjyefa-unmcsuf
od@k
1? OD;oef;xGe;f
2? OD;ode;f =unf
3? OD;wifxe;f armif
G
4? OD;=unf0if;
5? OD;xGe;f tHk
6? OD;jrvdif
_
7? OD;xGe;f a&G
8? a':cifat;jrifh
9? OD;atmifaZmf
10? OD;tke;f jrifh
11? OD;pdef0if;
406
a';'&Jòrd@e,f
awmifwi;f }uD;òrdŒe,f
G
r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,f
r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f
'*kòH rd@opfòrdŒe,f
wGaw;òrŒd e,f
H
rd;k !kòd rdŒe,f
&efuif;òrdŒe,f
'*Hòk rdŒe,f
omauwòrŒd e,f
'vòrŒd e,f
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
rauG;wdi;f
k
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
yJc;l wdi;f
k
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd

407. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
12? a'guwmoef;0if;
f
13? OD;aeOD;
14? OD;jrarmif
15? OD;apmausmpef
f d
16? OD;pHwif
17? OD;wif0if;
18? OD;oef;0if;
19? OD;wifO;D
20? OD;jrifoe;f
h d
21? OD;atmif=uif
22? OD;pd;k rif;
23? OD;vSp;kd
24? OD;aomif;pdef
ajrmufOuUvmyòrdŒe,f
vrf;rawmfòrdŒe,f
a'gyòkH rdŒe,f
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f
usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f
omaygi;f òrdŒe,f
jrefatmifòrdŒe,f
jrefatmifòrdŒe,f
ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f
ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f
rif;bl;òrdŒe,f
jynfòrdŒe,f
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
&efuewi;f
k f kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
{&m0wDwi;f
kd
rauG;wdi;f
k
yJc;l wdi;f
k
oifw@kd onf 1990 jynfEp/f arvuusi;f ycJonfh ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
S
h
D kH D kd
yGwif a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpf=uonf? xda&G;
J G
f
f
kd f
f
k
aumufy}JG uD;onf 1988 ckEp/f 'Drua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;ESitwl Ediiw0Sr;f vH;k &Sd &[ef;&Siv/l
S
kd
hf
kfH
f
ausmif;om; jynfow&yfv;kH . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;wd@k jzifh t&if;wnf+yD;rS ay:ayguvm&aom
l
f
a&G;aumufy}JG u;D jzpfonf? a&G;aumufywif jynfovx}k u;D u 'Drua&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGita&;rsm;udk
JG G
l l
kd
hf
tjynft0tmrcHaom tem*wf 'Drua&pDEiiawmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf óu;d yrf;aqmif&u&ef
h
kd
kd f H
G f
rdrw@kd Eihf rdrw@kd . e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm; ud,pm;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;udk
d S d
k f
f
kd f
f
taESmift,Su/f tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS a&G;cs,wifajr‡mufay;cJ=h uonf?
h
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm; wnf&aejcif;ESitwl jynfoŒl v$wawmfvnf;&S&ay
f
kd f
f
dS
hf
f
d
rnf? ,ck a&G;aumufy+JG yD;cJonfrm (9) ESpcef@&cyg+yD? jynfoŒl v$wawmfum; ay:rvmao;ay?
h
S
f dS hJ
f
a&G;aumufyukd usi;f yay;cJonftpd;k &uvnf; ‚if;wd@k ay;xm;onfuwdu0wfrsm;udk t}ur}f urf
JG
h h
h
d d
csKd ;azguI jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&rnfwm0efukd ysuuuconf? xd@k a=umifh tzG@J csKyfEihf
f
f
h
f G f hJ
S
wdi;f &if;om;ygwtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;yl;aygi;f I jynfo@l vwawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH óud;yrf;
k
D
$ f
aqmif&uae=uonf?
G f
,ae@tcsetxd Ediiw0Sr;f &Sd tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif oifw@kd Eihf wcsewnf;a&G;cs,wif
d f
kfH
S
d f
f
ajr‡mufcc&aom jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;onf ESypufni;f yrf;r_trsKd ;rsKd ;udk cHae&qJ
H hJ
f
kd f
f
df
‡
jzpfonf? tusO;f axmifrsm;twGi;f Y ppftpd;k &vufcsujf zifh toufq;kH ±_;H cJ&aom jynfoŒl v$wf
h
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;. t¶d;k rsm;onf raqG;ao;yg? ‚if;wd@k rom;pkrsm;rSmvnf; óuawGŒae&onfh
kd f
f
d
H
'kursKd ;pHrrvGwao;yg? ,ae@tcseY jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf òrŒd e,ftoD;oD;&Sd
Q kS
f
df
f
tcsKyfcef;rsm;/ tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif ppftpd;k &xH 'l;raxmuf/ tnHrcHyJ ZGowWcirmpGmjzifh
h
J d kd f
jynfovxtwGuf opPmapmifoae=uaom/ jynfobufu &yfwnfae=uaom jynfoŒl ud,pm;
l l k
h d
l
k f
vS,rsm;udk av;pm;*k%,ygonf?
f
f l
407

408. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
oifw@kdrmum; ud,u,wiu jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfygvsuEihf jynfoukd
S
k f kd f kd f
f
kd f
f
fS
l
rsuEmraxmuf/ opPmazguum jynfovx. tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk tumiftxnfaz:ay;onfh
fS
f
l l k
jynfoŒl vGwawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk zsuq;D zd@k óu;d pm;=uonf? jynfovxukd rw&m;onfenf; trsKd ;
f
f
l l k
h
rsKd ;oH;k I ESypufnOf;yrf;&ufpufaeaom ppftm%m&Siw@kd tóuduf vkyaqmifay;=uonf? ppf
d f
f
f
axmufvr;f a&;wd@k . vufui'wtjzpf aqmif&uay;=uonf? ppfaxmufvr;f a&;wd@k . vuf
S
kd f k f
G f
S
udi'waemufvursm;tjzpf vduygaqmuf&u=f uonf? oifw@kd tm; jynforsm;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
kfk f
kd f
k f
G
l
awmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,ay;cJh jcif;onf jynfow&yfv;kH ppftm%m&SipepfatmufrS
kd f
f
f
l
f
vGwajrmufa&;ESihf jynfovx. Ediia&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra&;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f aqmif
f
l l k kfH
_
&Gu&eftwGujf zpfonf? oifw@kd . uk,usKd ;pD;yGm;/ oifw@kd . vGwvyfrtwGuf jynfoucw;kH vkyI
f
d f
f _
l kd k
f
jynfow@kd .ar#mvifcsu/f vdvm;csursm;udk eif;acsypf&ef/ zsuq;D ypf&efr[kwacs? ,ckrl oifw@kd
l
f h
k
f
f
f
onf "g;jyESiaygi;f I ud,rbtdrukd "g;jy jyefwuorsm;jzpfonf? tvGeryif atmufwef;usI
hf
k hf d
f
kd f l
fS
&Sup&maumif;vSonf? vl,wrmwd@k . vky&yfjzpfonf? 'Drua&pD ta&òcHtm%m&Sivuf
f
k f
f
kd
f
yg;aprsm;jzpf=uonf? oifw@kd Eihf oifw@kd .vky&yfrsm;tm; u|Eyw@kd rS jyif;xefpm¶_wcsvuonf?
S
f
fk f
G f kd f
oifw@kd onf jynfoŒl v$wawmfay:xGe;f a&;udk rnfo@kd yifzsuq;D apumrl jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f
f
f
onf ay:xGe;f vm&rnfrm rvGraoGyifjzpfonf?
S
J
tr_aqmiftzG@J
tusO;f usctrsKd ;om;Ediia&;tiftm;pk
H
kfH
1999 ckEp/f arv ( 4 ) &uf?
S
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf
trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&G*Hkwdkifvrf;/
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ
pmtrSwf - 041§pnf;(pnf;¶k;H )§99 ?
&ufpJG - 14 - 6 - 99 ?
ta-umif;t&m?
? trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyfuu,pm;rðyawmhonfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;
kd
kd kd f
f
kd f
vS,rsm; ?
f
1?
yl;wGazmfjyyg jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,w@kd onf trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm;
J
f
kd f
f
kd
vH;k 0 ud,pm;rðy=uawmhonfh (vH;k 0ud,pm;rðy=uawmhonf)ud,pm;vS,rsm;jzpfa=umif;
k f
k f
h k f
f
ta=umif;=um;ygonf?
2?
408
11-6-99 &ufae@wif usi;f yðyvkyaom trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dtvkytr_
G
f
kd
k
f

409. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
aqmiftzGŒJ . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut& ta=umif;=um;ygonf?
f
(yH) atmifa&$
k
OuUÏ
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzG@J csKyf
kd
jzef@a0jcif; (1) oufqi&m yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/
kd f
(2) yJc;l wdi;f / rauG;wdi;f / &efuewi;f / {&m0wDwi;f pnf;¶k;H a&;tzGŒJ OuUÏrsm;/
k
k
k f kd
kd
(3) OuUÏ/ ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si/f
D kH D kd
JG
(4) ¶k;H vufc/H
yl;wGJvGm
yJc;wdi;
l kf
- OD;wifte;f
k
- OD;aomif;pdef
- OD;xGe;f a&$
yef;awmif;òrdŒe,f/
jynfòrdŒe,f/
rd;k !dòk rdŒe,f/
rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rauG;wdkif;
- OD;vSp;kd
- OD;odr;f =unf
rif;bl;òrdŒe,f/
awmifwi;f }uD;òrdŒe,f/
G
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
&efuewi;
k f kd f
- OD;pde0if;
f
- OD;xGe;f tk;H
- OD;=unf0if;
- OD;wifxe;f armif
G
- OD;apmausmpef
f d
- OD;pHwif
- OD;aeOD;
- OD;jrv_if
d
- a':cifat;jrifh
'vòrŒd e,f/
'*Hòk rdŒopfòrdŒe,f/
r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f/
r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f/
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/
vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/
vrf;rawmfòrdŒe,f/
wGawG;òrdŒe,f/
H
&efuif;òrdŒe,f/
rJqENe,f
rJqENe,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rJqENe,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rJqENe,f
409

410. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
{&m0wDwi;
kd f
- OD;wif0if;
- OD;oef;xGe;f
- OD;pd;k rif;
- OD;oef;0if;
usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f/
a';'&JòrdŒe,f/
ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f/
omaygi;f òrdŒe,f/
rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
rJqENe,ftrSw(2)
f
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&SifoefrS 'Drdkua&'Dpepfcdkif_rJrnf
(OD;cifarmif-unf)
ygwp'rua&pDpepfuusio;kH um wd;k wufzŒHG òz;d aeaomEdiirsm;wGif Ediia&;ygwrsm;onf
D kH D kd
kd hf
kfH
kfH
D
0wW&m;ausye=f u&ygonf? ygwtaejzifh 0wW&m;ysuuuygu 'Drua&pDonfvnf; ,d,i;f oGm;
G
D
f G f
kd
k G
ygvrrnf? (If The Party Fails Then The Democracy Fails) ygwrsm;rusq;kH a&;onf 'Drua&pD
d hf
D
kd
bufawmfom;rsm;.t"duOD;wnfcsu/f &nfre;f csujf zpfygonf? rdrtwGuf ygwrusq;kH atmif
S
d
D
xm0pOfowd}u;D pGmxm;=uygrnf?
Ediia&;ygwrsm;tqiftwef;jrifrm;ygrS wdi;f jynfonfvnf; tqiftwef;jrifrm;vmyg
kfH
D
h
h
k
h
h
onf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;. tqiftwef;jrifrm;a&;wGivnf; ygwacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiygw0ifrsm;.
kfH
D
h
h
f
D
hf D
t&nftaoG;ay:rlwnfaejyefygonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdii. Ediia&;onf 'kw,vGwvyfa&;wduyJG
kfH kfH
d
f
k f
(0g) 'Drua&pDEivŒl tcGita&;wduytqifo@kd jyefa&muf&aeygonf? jrefrmjynfom;rsm;tae
kd
S hf
hf
k f JG
h
dS
jzifh yxrvGwvyfa&;udk +Awo#uversm;vufrS wdu,c=hJ u&ygonf? yxrvGwvyfa&;wduyJG
f
d d kd kd D
k f l
f
k f
umvwGif ,cktcsetcguo@kd Ediia&;vrf;paysmufvvjk zpfcz;l ygonf?
d f
hJ k f H
k
hJ
1937 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (14) &ufae@wif e*g;eDpmtkytoif;}u;D rSxwonfh 'D'w*sme,f
S
G
f
k f
k f
t,f'wm OD;bcdi. “jrefrmjynfEiia&;&mZ0if” pmtkyrS ,cktcsetcgumvESihf E_i;f ,SOum
D
kf
kd f H
f
df
d
f
oifcef;pm,loifonfh oH;k oyfcsuwcsKd Œudk atmufwif t&if;twdi;f azmfjyygrnf?
h
f
G
k
“jrefrmjynf. vuf&Eiia&;tajctaeuk=d unfrnfqv#if a&S; (15) ESpausmuvkychJ
dS kd f H
h
kd
f
f
f
aom Ediia&;xuf rsm;pGmtqiftwef;atmufusv#u&onfukd awGŒ&S&ayvdrrnf? trSeudk
kfH
h
f dS
d
hf
f
xkwazmfajymqd&rnfqv#if ,ckpma&;onftcsewif Ediia&;r&SoavmufjzpfI ygwwckEiwck
f
k
kd
h df G kfH
d
D S hf
wduzsu&efvyief;ESihf ud,usKd ;&Smvkyief;rsm;omv#if &SIaeawmh.? TuJo@kd Ediia&;yaysmufcg
k f f kf
k f
f
d
h kfH
vGwvyfa&;vrf;pwH;k Iae&jcif;. ta=umif;&if;ud&mrnfqv#if atmufygtcsuw@kd wif wnfI
f
kS
kd
f G
aeonfuawGŒ&Sayvdrrnf?
kd
d
hf
1? vGwvyfa&;. t&omudk aumif;pGmrodem;rvnfojzifh ESpEpòf cduòf cduf rvdvm;
f
f S
k
=ujcif;?
2? ZmwdaoG;Zmwdrmefw@kd xufoifoavmuf rxufoefjcif;?
h
3? trsKd ;udcspoifoavmuf rcsp=f ujcif;?
k f h
4? Ediia&;vkyief;wGif acgi;f aqmifrsm; r±d;k rajzmifjh cif;?
kfH
f
410

411. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
5? aemufvursm;onf acgi;f aqmifrsm; r±d;k rajzmifonfuov#uf ZGwrwcg vmbf
dk f
h
dk d
f Sd f
udar#mI acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk tm;ay;cg Ediia&;udk vkyaqmif=uolrsm;jcif;?
k f
kfH
f
6? tepfemrcHv=kd ujcif;?
7? rdrw@kd wm0efukd rodem;rvnf=ujcif;?
d
8? jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;onf aygi;f pyfz@JG pnf;Ivky&aom tvkyrsm;udk ru|r;f usif em;r
f
f
vnf=ujcif;?
9? acgi;f aqmifaumif;rsm;enf;yg;jcif;?
10? acgi;f aqmifaumif;rsm;udk wm0efrtuef@towfr&SbJ ,H=k unf=ujcif;?
hJ
d
11? aemufvursm;wGif trSm;trSeukd qH;k jzwfEiaom ud,yi^m%fenf;yg;=uojzifh
kd f
f
kd f
k f kd f
acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk yk*v"dÏmefEihf ,H=k unfjcif;?
~
S
12? wcgu tepfemcHcz;l aomacgi;f aqmifonf aemifrnfr#yif wdi;f jynf. ysup;D &m
hJ
k
f
ysup;D a=umif;udk vkyaqmifaomfvnf; cGivwvaom pdwxm;rsm;&Sjd cif;?
f
f
hf $ f dk
f
13? trSm;trSeukd *±krpkubJ ygwpJG pGIxm;jcif;?
f
d f
D J
14? oD;cHpwr&SbJ vkyaqmif=ujcif;?
d f d
f
15? tdrwi;f a&;ESihf wdi;f jynfa&;uda&mjcif;?
f G
k
k
16? oHCmrsm;.pum;udk trSm;trSe*±krpdubJ woa0rwdr;f emcHjcif;?
f
k f
17? tpd;k &u y&d,m,ftrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf zsuonfudk ra&SmifEi=f ujcif;?
f
kd
18? EdiijH cm;A[kowenf;ojzifh xajrmufatmifjrifaomvrf;rsm;ukd twkr,lwwf
kf
k
jcif;?
19? t*Fvypmwwfrsm;udk rdrw@kd Eihf 0g'rwlonftcg oHo,jzpfatmif ajymqdpyf
d f
d S
h
k G
pGwwfjcif;?
J
20? wm0efrhJ wOD;ESiwOD; ykwcwfajymqdjk cif;?
hf
f
21? taemufEiiH "e&Sirsm;u pDrzefw;D cgay;vduaom bGŒJ xl;*k%x;l &Sorsm;udk txif
kd f
f
H
k f
f d l
}u;D cg w[kwwnf; acgi;f aqmif.tajctaeudk oGwoi;f wwfjcif;rsm;wGif wnfI
f
f G
aeonfuawGŒ&S&ayvdrrnf? ”
kd
d
hf
vGecaomESpaygi;f (65) ESpumvu jrefrmjynf.Ediia&;ESihf ,ckumvjrefrmjynf.EdiiH
f hJ
f
f
kfH
kf
a&;onf xl;rjcm;em;rsm;jzpfaeygovm;? ckirmwd;k wufaeygovm;? qkonfrsm;udk Ediia&;orm;
df
d
kfH
b0cH,xm;ol rsKd ;csprsm;taejzifh ud,u,ua0zefqef;ppfum “ysutpOfjyifc%” rlu,=l u&
l
f
k hf kd f kd
f
kd
ygvrrnf? jrefrmjynfwif ppf,eazmif;0wfum “Ediia&;orm;Edreif;a&;0g'” udpuiI EdiiH
d hf
G
l D
kfH
S f
k JG kd f k f
awmftm%mudk ±dupm;ae=uaom ppfAvcsKyf}uD;rsm;.&efuvnf;rao;vSyg?
k f
kd f
AdvcsKyfae0if;utpðy+yD; AdvcsKyfoef;a&$tqH;k ppft%m&Sirsm;onf Ediia&;orm;rsm;
k f
k f
f
kfH
tm; owfoifouowf/ axmifcsoifouaxmifcs/ jynfEioifoujdk ynfEi/f trnfysu/f b0ysuf
h l kd
h l kd
Sf h l
S
atmifvyoifouvy/f ta&;t&mra&mufaom &mxl;rsm;ay;+yD; acsmifx;dk oifoukd acsmifx;kd
k f h l dk k
h l
paom enf;y&d,m,frsKd ;pHuo;kH um ArmhEiia&;udk zsuq;D vmcJonfrmvnf; =um+yjD zpfygonf?
k dk
kd f H
f
h
S
AdvcsKyae0if;onf 1964 ckEp/f rwfv (28) &ufae@wif “1964 ckEp/f trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;
k f f
S
G
S
G f
411

412. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
udk umuG,onfOya'” udk jyÏmef;um ‚if;.cg;yduaqmif rqvygwEihf ,if;ygw.OD;aqmifrukd
f h
k f
DS
D
_
cH,aom tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSty useEiia&;tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k udk zsuor;f cJygonf? (,if; Oya'
l
f kd f H
f d h
xGucgpu &cdiEiia&;orm;}u;D wOD;u trsKd ;om;Ediia&;ukd yufyufpufpufa0zefygonf? cvo
f
k f kd f H
kfH
Ediia&;[kom ,Of,Ofaus;aus;azmfjyvdygonf? acG;vdk aemufvui,fom;rsm;udom arG;aom
kfH
k
kd f
k
AdvcsKyfae0if;. trsKd ;om;a&;0g'[komazmfjyyg&ap?)
k f
1988ckEpwif jynfovxtºkH ura=umifh AdvcsKyf}u;D ae0if;onf wygwtm%m&SipepfrS
Sf G
l l k
G_
k f
D
f
ygwp'rua&pDpepfukd jyefwrf;wjyef&mygonf? AdvcsKyfae0if;u tpydsK;cJaom ppft%m&Sipepf
D kH D kd
S
k f
h
f
ESihf wygwtm%m&Sipepfq;kd a=umifh AdvcsKyfoef;a&$vufatmufa&mufonftcsewif wdi;f ol
D
f
k f
h df G k
jynfom;rsm;onf urBmwGif trGq;kH vlrsKd ;pm&if;0ifum jynfwi;f rzlvI xrif;eyfreyif rpm;=u&
J
G
kH
Sf
onfb0usa&mufom;ygawmhonf? od@k &mwGif uG,veom;ol (e0w) pufr0ef}u;D 'kw,AdvcsKyf
h
G
f Gf G
_
d k f
}u;D pdeatmif (w±kw}f u;D ) tm;&nfp;l I ‚if;. ZeD;ESiom;orD;rsm;uyifv#if auvmoyHawmfym;
f
hf
k
G
apwDawmftwGuf aiGusyf (153) ode;f ESihf &[ef;cHytwGuf usyf (36) ode;f ponfjzifh tvªtwef;
JG
ay;aeonfh owif;"gwyrsm;udk owif;pmrsm;wGiawGŒjrifae&ygonf? ppfAvrsm; rnfIrnfr#c;kd
f kH
f
kd f
0Suxm;onfudk bk&m;od/ oHCmawmfrsm;todyifjzpfygonf? rnfonfEiia&;orm; wOD;w
f
h kd f H
a,mufr# ppfAvtm%mydirsm;avmuf rcd;k r0Su=f uyg?
kd f
kf
1990 jynfEpwif ppftm%m&Sirsm;uyif ygwp'rua&pDa&G;aumufyukd usi;f yay;cJyg
S f G
f
D kH D kd
JG
h
onf? jynfoŒl v$wawmfupm;vS,trsm;tjym; ta&G;cH=u&onfh &cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGef
f
kd
f
k f D kd
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ vm;[ltrsKd ;om;zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufa&;ygw/D csi;f trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ
kd
kd
csKyfEihf Zdr;D trsKd ;om;uGe*&ufygt0if wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;ud,pm;ðyaom Ediia&;ygwppk
S k
f
k
k f
kfH
Dk
aygi;f (27) ygwjD zifh pkpnf;zGŒJ pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
k kd
kd
(UNLD) udk wzufowf rw&m;zsuor;vdu=f ujyefonf? etzppfaumifptaejzifh wbufwif
f df k
D
G
'Drua&pDpepfusio;kH &ef oHEÏmefcsxm;+y;D yg+y[k urBmuvor*~tzGŒJ csKy}f u;D udyif vdrnmv#u&dS
kd
hf
dM
D
h k
k
f
f
um wjcm;wbufwif Ediia&;ygwrsm;tm; ao;odryaysmufom;atmif =upnf tm;xkwv#uf
G kfH
D
f
G
H
f
&Saeygonf?
d
jynfwi;f wGif &yfwnfcir&v#if jynfywGif zGŒJ pnf;v_y&m;ae=uaom Ediia&;ygwrsm;
G
G hf
f S
kfH
D
tm;vnf; tjrpfjywfppfqifae=uygonf? +Awo#uveacwfwiyif jrefrmjynf&dS Ediia&;ygwrsm;
d d kd kd D
Gf
kfH
D
ESihf Ediia&;orm;.b0onf rqv/ e0w/ etzacwfavmufrqd;k 0g;cJyg? tEdreif;rcHc=hJ u&yg?
kfH
h
S f
Ediia&;orm;rsm;tm;vH;k tm; 0g;vH;k odr;f usKH ; tjrpfðywfEreif;onf0g'onf jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;
kfH
Sd f
h
rsm;tm; urBmtv,fwif atmufwef;tusq;kH b0od‹k usa&mufapygonf? Ediia&;orm;wGif
h
G
kfH
vnf; (1) ud,usKd ;twWwckwnf;udom tav;xm;+yD; jynfo@l tusKd ;/ wdi;f jynftusKd ;udk
k f
k
k
*±krðyaom twkta,mifrsm;/
(2) jynfoEihf wdi;f jynftusKd ;udom OD;xdyxm;+yD; ud,usKd ;twWukd r=unfaom EdiiH
lS k
k
f
k f
h
kf
a&;orm; tppftrSersm;ESihf
f
(3) jynfoEihf wdi;f usKd ;jynfusd K;udk OD;xdyxm;v#uf ud,usKd ;twWukd aemufwef;xm;um
lS k
f
k f
y&[dwESihf twW[w pdwxm;udk arG;aom Ediia&;orm;aumif;rsm; ponfjzifh
d
f
kfH
412

413. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
&Sygonf?
d
taumif;rsm;+yD; tqd;k enf;ygonf?
ppf0wfpta&òcH Ediia&;±dupm;rsm;wGif tm;vH;k tqd;k eD;yg;jzpfum aiGa=u;csr;f omae=uyg
kH
kfH k f
onf? ±d;k ±d;k ppfom;rsm;rSm qif;&Jae=uygonf? ppftm%m&Sirsm;. Ediia&;orm;ESreif;a&;0g'ukd
f
kfH
df
qef@usivorsm;onf odum/ orm"d/ tusiynmt&mwGif jynfpatmifóu;d pm;tm;xkw=f u&yg
f kd l
Q
hf
kH
rnf? Ediia&;orm;rsm; pGr;f tm;&Srom 'Drua&pDpepf&ioefvmum wdi;f jynfonfvnf; tqifh
kfH
dS
kd
Sf
k
jrifvmEdiygonf? Ediia&;ygwrsm;&Sioefa&;ESihf 'Drua&pDpepf tpysKd ;cdi+f rJvmap&ef óud;pm;=u
h
kf
kfH
D
f
kd
k
ygp@kd ? ?
&cdi'rua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (jynfy) jyef-um;a&;XmerS xkwa0onfh "Voice of Arakan"
k f D kd
f
twGJ (1)/ trSwf (9) 'DZifbmv/ 2002 ckEpf (218) ESpajrmuf &cdijf ynf tcsKyftcsmtm%m
S
f
k
usq; aomaeΠtxdr;trSwtxl;xkwf pmrsuEm(2) rS ====
kH
f
f
fS
“EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;qdkonfrSm”
Ediia&;v_y&m;r_wif wufºuGpm yg0ifaqmif&urukd ta=umif;ðyI Oya'yk'rwpfccjk zifh
kfH
fS
G
G
G f_
f
k
ta&;,l zrf;qD;/ tusO;f csc&aom twdutcHEiia&;orm;udk “Ekiia&;tusO;f om;” [kac:qdk
H
k f kd f H
dfH
=uonf?
rqvacwfu 1980 jy!fEp/f arv/ ( 28 )&ufae@wif Ediiawmfaumifptaejzifh vGw+f ir;f
hS
G kfH
D
d
csr;f omcGitrde@f xkwjf yefcz;l onf? xdtrde@f . tyd'(2)wGif “TvGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGitrde@f ukd
hf
J
k
k f
hf
xkwjf yefo!fae@rwdiru ‘Ediia&;jypfr’wpf&yf&yfukd usL;vGecorsm;tm; vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf
h
kfD
kfH
_
f hJ l
ay;vduonf” [k yg&&m xdk “Ediia&;jypfr”qdaom pum;&yfEihf ywfoufI EdiiawmfaumifpD
k f
dS
kfH
_ k
S
kfH
u t"dyg` ,ziqay;&ef jynfoŒl w&m;ol}uD;tzGŒJ u Ediiawmfaumifpo@kd jyefvnfwifjycJonf?
f G hf kd
kfH
D
h
Ediiawmfaumifpu jyef=um;cJ&mwGif kfH
D
h
(u) rw&m;oif; tuf Oya't&jypfrrsm;?
_
(c) jypfrOya'yk'r-121 rS 130 (c)txdyg tpd;k &udk qef@usiaom jypfrrsm;?
_
f
f
_
(*) jypfrOya'tcef; (8)yg Ediiawmf +ir0yfa&;udk ysuapaom jypfrrsm;Esihf ywfoufI
_
kfH
df
f
_
jypfrqi&m Oya'yk'r_ -143/ 144/ 145/ 147/ 148/ 151/ 152/ 153/ 153(u)t&
_ kd f
f
jypfrrsm;?
_
(C) 1950 jy!fEpf ta&;ay: pDrr_ tufOya't& jypfrrsm; - Oyrm yk'r- 5(n)?
h S
H
_
f
(i) Ediiawmfukd OD;aqmifaom vyf;pOfygwtm; umuG,o!fh Oya't& jypfrrsm;?
kfH
D
f
_
(p) Ediiawmftm; aESmif,uzsuq;D vdorsm;. ab;tE &m,frS umuG,o!fh Oya'
kfH
h S f f
k l
W
f
t& jypfrrsm; - yk'r/ 10(u)/ 10(c) ESi(q) jynfoŒl vGwawmfEihf jynfoŒl aumifpD
_
f
hf
f
S
tqifqifa&G;cs,wifajrmufjcif;qdi&m Oya't& jypfrrsm;onf “Ediia&;jypfr”
h h
f
‡
kf
_
kfH
_
qdo!fh pum;&yfwif tusK;H 0ifa=umif; azmfjyyg&onfukd rSwom;awGŒ&Sygonf?
k
G
dS
f
d
413

414. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
“usrwk‹d [m trsm;jynfouae_y;awmh
l
D
a&G;cs,wifajrmufxm;wJh
f
‡
v$wawmfukd uk,pm;ðywJh tzGŒJ jzpfygw,f?
f
d f
tJ'vwawmf&ŒJ ud,pm;vS,f (50)&mckiEe;ausm&ŒJ
D $ f
k f
df+f
f
vkyaqmifyiciukd &&Sxm;wJh tzGŒJ vnf;jzpfygw,f?
f
kd f G hf
d
'ga-umifr‹kd v‹kd
h
usrwk‹d &ŒJ vkyaqmifcsuawGukd
f
f
wyfrawmfom;rsm; tygt0if EkiioEiiom;tm;vk;
d f H l dk f H
H
0di;0ef;_yD;awmh axmufc-H uygvk‹d
kf
usrtaeeJ‹ arwWm&yfccsiyg w,f//”
H f
a':atmifqef;pk-unf
f
(19 = 9 = 1998)
,ae@ jrefrmEdii. tusO;f axmifrsm;Y Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm; &S/d r&Sd tjiif;yGm;zG,jf zpf
kfH
kfH
aeo!fupwif txuftyd'yg Ediia&;jypfrrsm;pm&if; (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C)/ ESihf (p) pm&if;rsm;yg
h d P G
k f kfH
_
Ediia&;jypfrqi&m yk'rrsm;jzifyif ,cktcsexd zrf;qD;jcif;/ xde;f odr;f ;jcif;/ tusO;f csjcif; cHae&
kfH
_ kd f
f
h
d f
onf?
Ediia&;orm;rsm; ajrmufjrm;pGm&Saeo!htcsuu ,ae@jrefrmEdii. tusO;f axmif
kfH
d
f
f
kfH
toD;oD;Y Ediia&;tusO;f om;rsm; &Saea=umif;udk xif&m;pGm !¸ejf yaeonf[k qd&rnfjzpfonf?
kfH
d
S
k
Oya'ynm&SiwOD;
f
414

415. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
vG mouU &;opPmt"d mef 9)csuf h
atmifapownf; æ jrefrwfvyfa&mZf 1309ckXEp/f (jymodvjynfausmf (9)&uf 1948 ckEp/f
S
k
S
Zefe0g&v (4)&uf we*FaEGae@/ aumif;jrwfaom r*FvmtcgY T æ igw@dk jrefrmjynfonf vk;H 0
D
vGwvyfaom tcsKytjcm tm%mydif jynfaxmifporRwjrefrmEkiiawmf}u;D tjzpfo@dk a&mufap
f
f
k
k
dfH
ownf;?
1?
igw@dk onf Tae@TtcserpI igw@kd tm; vGwvyfaom vrf;od@k yd@k aqmifcaom igw@dk .
dfS
f
hJ
acgi;f aqmif}uD; AkvcsKyfatmifqef; csrwconfh vrf;pOftwdi;f woa0rwdr;f cswufrnf//
d f
S f hJ
k
D
2?
igw@kd onf Tae@TtcserpI igw@kd onf jynfaxmifporRw jrefrmEkiiawmf}uD;.
d f S
k
dfH
opPmudk raoGrznf apmifxe;f rnf?
h d
3?
igw@kd onf Tae@/ TtcserpI vGwvyfaom Ekiiom;wk@d . rGejf rwfaom tcGita&;
dfS
f
dfH
hf
udk cH,onfenf;wl/ vGwvyfaom Ekiiom;wk@d . wm0efEi0wW&m;rsm;udvnf; rwdr;f riJh xrf;
l h
f
dfH
S hf
k
aqmifrnf?
4?
igwdk@onf Tae@/ TtcsdefrSpI igwkd@acgif;aqmif}uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. vkH@v
O[jzifh &&Sd+yD;jzpfaom trdsK;om;nD!Gwfa&;udk ausmufpdkifausmufcJuJhodk@ ckdifjrJatmif
xde;f odr;f rnf?
5?
igw@kd onf Tae@/ TtcserpI igw@dk Eiiawmfom;[loa&GŒudk }u;D §i,f/ eD;§a0; rjcm;
dfS
dk f H
waoG;wom;wnf;ðyI enf;§rsm;/ edr§jrifh r&Sap&/ nDwnr#ðyrnf?
hf
d
l D
6// igw@kd onf Tae@/ TtcserpI olwyg;udvnf;rw&m;rðy/ igw@dk tm;rw&m;ðyonfuvnf;f rcH/
dfS
k
kd
toufEivIumuG,rnf//
S hf J
f
7?
igw@kd onf Tae@/ TtcserpI igw@kd Eiiawmf}u;D . w&m;Oya'rsm;udk ±kaopGm vkuf
dfS
dk f H
d
d
emusio;Hk rnf?
hf
8?
igw@kd onf Tae@/ TtcserpI igw@kd EiiEihf igw@dk vwvyfa&;udk toufEivI um
dfS
dk f H S
G f
S hf J
uG,apmifa&Smufrnf?
f
h
9?
vk;H 0vGwvyfaom jynfaxmifporRwjrefrmEkiiawmf}u;D urBm&Snwnf+ra&;wm0ef
f
k
dfH
f
J
onf igw@kd Eihf wuG igw@dk om;ajr; aemifvm tqufqufw@dk tay: Ywnfaprnf?
S
Tigw@dk opPmt"dÏmefreonftwdi;f igw@kd jynfaxmifporRwjrefrmEkiiawmf}uD;onf
S f h k
k
dfH
urBmt&Snf wnfapownf;//
1948 ckEp/f vGwvyfa&;&&SpOftcseu cH,t"dXmefðycJ-h uonfh t"dXmefpmwrf;jzpfygonf
S
f
d
df
l
415

416. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
1998 ckEp/f ZGev (23)&ufae‹u trsdK;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS etz OuUXxH -o*kwv (21)&uf
S f
kd
f
aeŒrwdirD v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&efawmif;qd_k yD;aemuf wjynfv; v$wawmfu,pm;vS,f
kf
f
kH
f
kd f
rsm;tm; etz rS zrf;qD;xde;odr;cJ&m ,if;v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;tm; jynfoŒl v$wawmf
f f h
f
kd f
f
f
ud,pm;ðyaumfrwDrS ay;tyfonf*%ðf yv$m?
k f
hk
416