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Alcohol intoxification
This document summarizes the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and clinical effects of various alcohols including ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol. Ethanol is rapidly absorbed through the stomach and intestine and metabolized in the liver. Common signs of intoxication include sedation, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. Methanol is metabolized to toxic compounds that can cause metabolic acidosis, visual impairment, and death. Treatment involves blocking metabolism using ethanol or fomepizole to prevent formation of toxic metabolites.
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Alcohol intoxification
This document summarizes the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and clinical effects of various alcohols including ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol. Ethanol is rapidly absorbed through the stomach and intestine and metabolized in the liver. Common signs of intoxication include sedation, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. Methanol is metabolized to toxic compounds that can cause metabolic acidosis, visual impairment, and death. Treatment involves blocking metabolism using ethanol or fomepizole to prevent formation of toxic metabolites.
Alzheimer
This document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It discusses how Alzheimer's is characterized by plaques and tangles in the brain made up of beta-amyloid and tau proteins. Current treatment aims to improve cognitive function and behaviors through cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, though none can stop or reverse the disease. Non-pharmacological interventions like education, communication, and stimulation therapies may provide additional support.
Toxicity of hydrocarbons
This document discusses the toxicity of hydrocarbons. It notes that hydrocarbons can affect many organs but most commonly the lungs due to aspiration. The toxicity depends on the type and dose of hydrocarbon as well as route of exposure. Symptoms range from respiratory issues to cardiac problems. Treatment is supportive and may include oxygen, intubation, electrolyte replacement, antibiotics and avoiding catecholamines if arrhythmias are due to myocardial sensitization.
Oral hypoglycemic toxicity
This document discusses oral hypoglycemic toxicity from sulfonylureas. It notes that sulfonylureas are commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes but can cause hypoglycemia from overdose. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, dizziness, and seizures. Treatment involves glucose administration via IV or glucagon injection. Patients may require glucose for hours to days depending on the drug and dose. Activated charcoal may help if ingestion was within an hour but has limited benefit for 1-2 tablet ingestions.
4517 anti viral drugs1
The document discusses anti-viral drugs, their mechanisms of action, spectra, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses. It describes how certain drugs like acyclovir are selectively activated within virus infected cells. Common classes include purine/pyrimidine analogs which inhibit viral DNA polymerase, and prodrugs requiring phosphorylation. Anti-virals inhibit active viral replication but do not eliminate non-replicating virus. Effective treatment depends on inhibitory drug concentrations at infection sites.
Drug therapy during_pregnancy (1)
Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect the fetus in several ways. They may act directly on the fetus, altering the placenta's function, or causing uterine contractions. Factors like dose, timing and pharmacokinetics influence fetal effects, which range from no impact to death. While many drugs are relatively safe, careful risk-benefit assessment is needed due to variable and sometimes unknown risks. Precautions like using the lowest effective dose can help minimize harm to the developing fetus or newborn.
5ee1 adverse drug reaction
The document discusses adverse drug reactions (ADRs), defining them as unintended harmful effects that occur from drugs used for treatment or diagnosis. It classifies ADRs into different types based on predictability (Type A/predictable vs. Type B/unpredictable) and timing (Type C associated with long-term use, Type D delayed effects, Type E withdrawal effects). It also discusses hypersensitivity reactions, drug abuse/dependence, teratogenicity, photosensitivity, iatrogenic disease, and effects on oral tissues like dry mouth, aphthous ulcers, and teeth discoloration.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning kills over 5,000 people per year in the US, mostly from suicide. CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels like gasoline. It is deadly because it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells over 200 times more strongly than oxygen, preventing oxygen from being delivered to tissues. Symptoms range from headache and nausea at low levels to confusion, coma and death at high levels. Treatment focuses on removing the victim from the source of CO and administering high-concentration oxygen therapy to accelerate removal of CO from the bloodstream.
Laxatives (1)
Constipation is defined as infrequent and difficult bowel movements. It affects 2-27% of the population and has many potential causes. Treatment options include non-drug approaches like diet and exercise changes as well as various drug approaches using laxatives. There are several classes of laxatives including bulk-forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, and stimulant laxatives. All laxative use requires monitoring for side effects and electrolyte disturbances.
Digoxin toxicity
Digoxin toxicity is caused by digoxin, a plant-derived cardiac glycoside used to treat heart conditions. It has a narrow therapeutic window, so toxicity can easily occur. Common signs of toxicity include arrhythmias such as heart block or tachycardia. Management involves discontinuing digoxin, treating arrhythmias, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and using digoxin antibody fragments for severe toxicity. Factors like renal impairment, hypokalemia, and drug interactions can precipitate or worsen digoxin toxicity.
Cadmium iron toxicity
Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic even in low concentrations and accumulates in organisms, causing toxicity in multiple organ systems like the lungs, kidneys, bones and increasing cancer risk. It is found naturally and as a byproduct of industrial processes like mining and smelting, and also enters the body through cigarette smoke, food and water. Once absorbed, cadmium binds to proteins in the blood and is transported mainly to the liver and kidneys where it can cause damage and be stored long-term if exposure is continuous.
Heavy metals toxicity
This document discusses heavy metal toxicity, specifically focusing on lead toxicity. It defines heavy metals, describes common sources of exposure, and details the absorption, distribution, elimination and pathophysiology of heavy metals like lead in the body. Signs and symptoms of both acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning are provided, with a focus on lead toxicity in children which can cause developmental delays and learning disabilities. The document concludes with discussing diagnostic tests for heavy metal toxicity and treatments options like chelation therapy.
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Alzheimer
This document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It discusses how Alzheimer's is characterized by plaques and tangles in the brain made up of beta-amyloid and tau proteins. Current treatment aims to improve cognitive function and behaviors through cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, though none can stop or reverse the disease. Non-pharmacological interventions like education, communication, and stimulation therapies may provide additional support.
Toxicity of hydrocarbons
This document discusses the toxicity of hydrocarbons. It notes that hydrocarbons can affect many organs but most commonly the lungs due to aspiration. The toxicity depends on the type and dose of hydrocarbon as well as route of exposure. Symptoms range from respiratory issues to cardiac problems. Treatment is supportive and may include oxygen, intubation, electrolyte replacement, antibiotics and avoiding catecholamines if arrhythmias are due to myocardial sensitization.
Oral hypoglycemic toxicity
This document discusses oral hypoglycemic toxicity from sulfonylureas. It notes that sulfonylureas are commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes but can cause hypoglycemia from overdose. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, dizziness, and seizures. Treatment involves glucose administration via IV or glucagon injection. Patients may require glucose for hours to days depending on the drug and dose. Activated charcoal may help if ingestion was within an hour but has limited benefit for 1-2 tablet ingestions.
4517 anti viral drugs1
The document discusses anti-viral drugs, their mechanisms of action, spectra, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses. It describes how certain drugs like acyclovir are selectively activated within virus infected cells. Common classes include purine/pyrimidine analogs which inhibit viral DNA polymerase, and prodrugs requiring phosphorylation. Anti-virals inhibit active viral replication but do not eliminate non-replicating virus. Effective treatment depends on inhibitory drug concentrations at infection sites.
Drug therapy during_pregnancy (1)
Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect the fetus in several ways. They may act directly on the fetus, altering the placenta's function, or causing uterine contractions. Factors like dose, timing and pharmacokinetics influence fetal effects, which range from no impact to death. While many drugs are relatively safe, careful risk-benefit assessment is needed due to variable and sometimes unknown risks. Precautions like using the lowest effective dose can help minimize harm to the developing fetus or newborn.
5ee1 adverse drug reaction
The document discusses adverse drug reactions (ADRs), defining them as unintended harmful effects that occur from drugs used for treatment or diagnosis. It classifies ADRs into different types based on predictability (Type A/predictable vs. Type B/unpredictable) and timing (Type C associated with long-term use, Type D delayed effects, Type E withdrawal effects). It also discusses hypersensitivity reactions, drug abuse/dependence, teratogenicity, photosensitivity, iatrogenic disease, and effects on oral tissues like dry mouth, aphthous ulcers, and teeth discoloration.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning kills over 5,000 people per year in the US, mostly from suicide. CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels like gasoline. It is deadly because it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells over 200 times more strongly than oxygen, preventing oxygen from being delivered to tissues. Symptoms range from headache and nausea at low levels to confusion, coma and death at high levels. Treatment focuses on removing the victim from the source of CO and administering high-concentration oxygen therapy to accelerate removal of CO from the bloodstream.
Laxatives (1)
Constipation is defined as infrequent and difficult bowel movements. It affects 2-27% of the population and has many potential causes. Treatment options include non-drug approaches like diet and exercise changes as well as various drug approaches using laxatives. There are several classes of laxatives including bulk-forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, and stimulant laxatives. All laxative use requires monitoring for side effects and electrolyte disturbances.
Digoxin toxicity
Digoxin toxicity is caused by digoxin, a plant-derived cardiac glycoside used to treat heart conditions. It has a narrow therapeutic window, so toxicity can easily occur. Common signs of toxicity include arrhythmias such as heart block or tachycardia. Management involves discontinuing digoxin, treating arrhythmias, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and using digoxin antibody fragments for severe toxicity. Factors like renal impairment, hypokalemia, and drug interactions can precipitate or worsen digoxin toxicity.
Cadmium iron toxicity
Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic even in low concentrations and accumulates in organisms, causing toxicity in multiple organ systems like the lungs, kidneys, bones and increasing cancer risk. It is found naturally and as a byproduct of industrial processes like mining and smelting, and also enters the body through cigarette smoke, food and water. Once absorbed, cadmium binds to proteins in the blood and is transported mainly to the liver and kidneys where it can cause damage and be stored long-term if exposure is continuous.
Heavy metals toxicity
This document discusses heavy metal toxicity, specifically focusing on lead toxicity. It defines heavy metals, describes common sources of exposure, and details the absorption, distribution, elimination and pathophysiology of heavy metals like lead in the body. Signs and symptoms of both acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning are provided, with a focus on lead toxicity in children which can cause developmental delays and learning disabilities. The document concludes with discussing diagnostic tests for heavy metal toxicity and treatments options like chelation therapy.
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遠東科技大學 化妝品應用與管理系
- 4. 作品名稱: 彩‧艷 (新詩)或簡介 以蘭蔻作為整組象徵性，代表著女人如玫瑰般艷麗，運用各種色彩來呈 現出華麗又高貴的氣質。 創作動機: 香水瓶身設計與色彩來運用在設計的靈感上，本作品以紫色來呈現出神 祕與高貴感。 靈感來源: 設計元素: 紗做成玫瑰花朵為主軸加入網和羽毛來做出層次感，再以珍珠、鑽石作 為局部點綴增加豐富性。
- 5. 設計理念: 融入蘭蔻元素的花朵以及運用各種色彩來呈現整組主題，每個女人就像玫 瑰，各有其特色與姿態，展現出高貴氣質不同凡響。 材質應用: 彈性網、六角網、紗、鋁線、鑽、珍珠、羽毛、毛線 實驗過程: 1.先用鋁線作出半月形狀並固定牢固作為基底。 2.將彈性網定位後逢上。 3.用紗做成的玫瑰一朵朵的擺上。 4.中間穿插一些羽毛裝飾。 5.把網、紗摺成扇形逢上固定。 6.鑽石、珍珠做點綴。 7.毛線綁成三股編當底座固定頭上用。 8.完成。
- 8. ＥＮＤ