SlideShare a Scribd company logo
D



:lhjD_ke_jLZlvygZIZehgZ

J_^ZdlhjBevbgXjbcZkbev_bq
               dZg^b^Zlnbeheh]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gldZn_^jubghkljZgguoyaudh
               Gb`_]hjh^kdhc:dZ^_fbbFJN




J_p_ga_glu=jb[dhZ;IdZg^b^Zlnbeheh]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gl

aZ_^mxsZydZn_^jhcbghkljZgguoyaudhGBJH

H[_j_fdhH=dZg^b^Zli_^Z]h]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_glaZ_^mxsZydZn_^jhc
f_lh^bdbij_ih^ZZgbybghkljZgguoyaudhG=EMbfG:h[jhex[hZ

RZfh:GdZg^b^Zli_^Z]h]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gldZn_^juf_lh^bdb
ij_ih^ZZgbybghkljZgguoyaudhG=EMbfG:h[jhex[hZ


               :lhjbdhee_dlbj_^ZdpbbujZ`Zxlbkdj_ggxx
               [eZ]h^Zjghklvih^^Zgghfm_ebdh[jblZgbb
               FZ]bkljmBkdmkkl`hgZlZgmFZ^^_gmHdknhj^
aZ_kvfZp_ggu_dhgkmevlZpbb



         Ihkh[b_bf__lk_jlbnbdZl‹hlfZjlZ]u^ZggucgZmqgh
f_lh^bq_kdbfwdki_jlgufkh_lhfGBJH

D_ke_jLI©FumqbfkyqblZlvihZg]ebckdbªGb`gbcGh]hjh^]

         Ihkh[b_ ^ey  ajhkeuo b ^_l_c  gzf kbkl_fgh baeh`_gu hkghu ql_gby b
ijZhibkZgbyhkghui_j_h^Zhkghu]jZffZlbdbHghij_^gZagZq_gh^eyl_odlhgZqbgZ_l
bamqZlv Zg]ebckdbc yaud Z lZd`_ ^ey l_o dlh _]h hkghZl_evgh aZ[ue Ihkh[b_ fh`_l [ulv
bkihevahZghmq_[guoaZ_^_gbyojZagh]hlbiZdZd^hiheg_gb_dhkghghfmf_lh^bq_kdhfm
dhfie_dkm



                              ‹D_ke_jLI]
,6%1
                              k_ijZZaZsbs_guaZdhghfJN©H[ZlhjkdhfijZ_ª
                              LbjZ`bjhZgb_ijZhf_jghlhevdhkibkvf_ggh]hjZaj_r_gbyZlhjZ
HlZlhjZ


       WlZ dgb]Z ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey k_o dlh mf__l qblZlv ihjmkkdb b ohl_e [u
gZmqblvky qblZlv ihZg]ebckdb ?keb u mf__l_ qblZlv gZ h^ghf yaud_ lh [_a
khfg_gby kfh`_l_ qblZlv b gZ ^jm]bo yaudZo  fbj_ `bzl g_fZeh ]emobo ex^_c
kmf_rbo h[mqblvky g_kdhevdbf bghkljZgguf yaudZf G_ lhevdh qblZlv gh b
]hhjblv G_bkq_jiZ_fu q_eh_q_kdb_ hafh`ghklb Ebrv [u [ueh lzj^h_ `_eZgb_
gZmqblvkyh[sZlvkygZbghkljZgghfyaud_

       Ql_gb_ ² _kvfZ keh`gh_ mf_gb_ kjh^gb mf_gbx b]jZlv gZ dZdhfeb[h
fmaudZevghfbgkljmf_gl_k_fihgylghqlh[ugZmqblvkybkihegylvgZ nhjl_ivygh
keh`gu_iv_kugm`ghaZljZlblvg_fZehmkbebcgZkdmqgu_]Zffuwlx^ubihemqblv
we_f_glZjgu_ k_^_gby h fmaud_ LZd b k ql_gb_f  Lj_[m_lky fgh`_klh mq_[guo
ihkh[bcqlh[ugZmqblvky[ukljhbijZbevghqblZlv^Z`_gZjh^ghfyaud_g_]hhjy
m`_ h[ bghkljZgghf  H[mq_gb_ ql_gbx gZ Zg]ebckdhf  yaud_ aZljm^gy_lky l_f qlh
dZ`^uc amd ]jZnbq_kdb fh]ml h[hagZqZlv g_kdhevdh [md beb [mdhkhq_lZgbc
G_j_^dh h^gZ b lZ `_ [mdZ h[hagZqZ_l g_kdhevdh jZaguo amdh KZfhklhyl_evgh
jZah[jZlvkywlhckbkl_f_hq_gvljm^gh

       GZrZaZ^ZqZkhklhbllhfqlh[ukhh[sblvwe_f_glZjgu_k_^_gbyhijZbeZo
ql_gbygZZg]ebckdhfyaud_bihfhqvgZmqblvkykhhlghkblv]jZnbq_kdbch[jZakehZk
_]hamqZgb_fA^_kv`_ugZc^_l_b_kvfZihe_agu_mijZ`g_gby

       kijZhqghfjZa^_e_ij_^klZe_guh[h[sZxsb_k_^_gbyihql_gbx]eZkguo
bkh]eZkguo[mdijbf_ju ij_^eh`_gbc  jZaguo ]jZffZlbq_kdbo j_f_gZo Z lZd`_
lZ[ebpuZg]ebckdbohfhgbfhZglhgbfhbfgh]h_^jm]h_

        jZa^_e_  ©kydZy kyqbgZª xgu_ nbeheh]b ]_h]jZnu [bheh]b kfh]ml gZclb
^eyk_[yg_fZehbgl_j_kgh]h

        dZq_kl_ ghjfZlbgh]h Zg]ebckdh]h ijhbaghr_gby aylh mklhyr__ky
ijhbaghr_gb_ lZdh_ dZdbf hgh ij_^klZe_gh  gZb[he__ ihimeyjguo  [jblZgkdbo
kehZjyoZlZd`_[hevrbgkl_kehZj_cba^ZgguoJhkkbb

       Wlh ihkh[b_ ijb]h^blky rdhevgbdZf b klm^_glZf jh^bl_eyf mq_gbdh b
[bag_kf_gZf ² kehhf k_f dlh `_eZ_l memqrblv l_ogbdm ql_gby gZ Zg]ebckdhf
yaud_Zhkh[_gghl_fdlhlhevdhijbklmiZ_ld_]hbamq_gbx

       Zggh_ihkh[b_fh`_lkhq_lZlvkykex[ufbmq_[gufbdhfie_dkZfb
:g]ebckdbcZenZbl                       EZlbgkdbc

I_qZlgucrjbnl   Ihemi_qZlgu_rjbnlu   Jmdhibkgucrjbnl       ZenZbl
$D   [eK]         $D       $D             $D          $        Z

%E   [bÖ]         %E       %E             %E          %        [w

F   [sÖ]         F        F             F                 pw

'G   [dÖ]         'G       'G             'G          '        ^w

(H   [Ö]          (H       (H              (H         (        w

)I   [ef]          )I       )I             )I         )        wn

*J   [³Ö]         *J        *J            *J          *        `_

+K   [eK¶]        +K       +K             +K          +       Zr

,L   [aK]          ,L       ,L             ,L         ,        b

-M   [³eK]         -M       -M             -M         -     chl`b
.N   [keK]        .N       .N             .N          .        dZ

/O   [el]          /O       /O             /O         /       wev

0P [em]           0P       0P             0P          0        wf

1Q   [en]         1Q       1Q             1Q          1        wg

2R   [@u]         2R       2R             2R          2        h

3S   [pÖ]         3S       3S              3S         3        iw

4T   [kjü]        4T       4T             4T          4        dm

5U   [Ó]          5U       5U              5U         5        wj

6V   [es]          6V       6V             6V         6        wk

7W   [tÖ]          7W       7W             7W         7        lw

8X   [jü]         8X       8X             8X          8        m

9Y   [vÖ]         9Y       9Y              9Y         9        w

:Z [döbljü]       :Z       :Z             :Z          :      ^m[evw

;[   [eks]        ;[       ;[              ;[         ;       bdk

   [waK]                                            b]j_d

=]   [zed]        =]        =]             =]         =        a_l
JZa^_eQlhgm`ghagZlvij_`^_q_fijbklmiZlvdql_gbx
                                     ;mdubamdb

       K q_]h gZqZlv h[mq_gb_ ql_gbx _keb m Zk ihybehkv lzj^h_ j_r_gb_
h[mqblvky bghkljZgghc ]jZfhl_ Dhg_qgh `_ k ZenZblZ  Zg]ebckdhf yaud_
bkihevam_lky eZlbgkdbc ZenZbl Lhl kZfuc dhlhjuc bkihevam_lky h njZgpmakdhf
g_f_pdhfb^jm]boyaudZobdhlhjucagZdhfk_frdhevgbdZfbamjhdhfZl_fZlbdb
Ihkfhljbl_ gbfZl_evgh lZ[ebqdm k  Zg]ebckdbf b eZlbgkdbf ZenZblhf b kjZgbl_
gZaZgby[md

       Fu b^bf qlh  Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ [mdu gZauZxlky ih^jm]hfm ey
kh]eZkguo wlh g_ bf__l [hevrh]h agZq_gby ihkdhevdm hgb  hkghghf h[hagZqZxl l_
`_amdbqlhgZijbf_jbg_f_pdhfyaud_Z`ghohjhrhagZlvgZaZgbyZg]ebckdbo
]eZkguoihkdhevdm[_awlh]hg_hafh`ghgZmqblvkyqblZlvLjm^ghklvkhklhbllhf
qlh ]eZkgu_ [mdu  jZaguo ihabpbyo qblZxlky ihjZaghfm qlh b uauZ_l [hevrb_
ljm^ghklbGhdZd]hhjblkyl_ji_gb_bljm^kzi_j_ljml

       BlZdZg]ebckdhfk_]h[mdZamdhagZqbl_evgh[hevr_²

       JZkoh`^_gby f_`^m gZibkZgb_f kehZ b _]h ijhbaghr_gb_f bgh]^Z hq_gv
agZqbl_evgu :g]ebqZg_ rmlyl qlh hgb ibrml FZgq_kl_j Z qblZxl Eb_jimev hl
ihq_fmZg]ebckdhfyaud_hkh[_ggh[hevrmxjhevb]jZ_lljZgkdjbipbylh]^ZdZd
g_f_pdhf d g_c ijb[_]Zxl kjZgbl_evgh j_^dh Ihkl_i_ggh  ijhp_kk_ bamq_gby
ijZbeql_gbyhkhcl_ljZgkdjbipbxbhgZklZg_lZrbf_jgufihfhsgbdhf

       LjZgkdjbipb_c gZauZ_lky i_j_^ZqZ amdh ki_pbZevgufb agZqdZfb. DZ`^hfm
amdm khhl_lklm_l kljh]h hij_^_e_gguc agZd AgZdb nhg_lbq_kdhc ljZgkdjbipbb
aZdexqZxlkydZ^jZlgu_kdh[dbW@
       Hkghgh_ m^Zj_gb_  keh_ h[hagZqZ_lky agZdhf  2@ dhlhjuc klZblky i_j_^
m^Zjgufkeh]hflhjh_m^Zj_gb__kebhgh_klvklZblkygbam@

                     LjZgkdjbipbykh]eZkguoamdh

       ;hevrbgklhkh]eZkguoamdhi_j_^Z_lky[mdZfbeZlbgkdh]hZenZblZ
W@ ² khhl_lklm_l jmkkdhfm l gh ijhbaghkblky j_adh k ijb^uoZgb_f [_a ]hehkZ
Wlhijhbkoh^blaZkqzllh]hqlhdhgqbdyaudZj_adhdZkZ_lkyZev_he²rbr_q_dgZ^
am[ZfbIjb^uoZgb_g_^he`ghij_jZsZlvamdq
d@ ² khhl_lklm_l jmkkdhfm  ^ gh lZd`_ ijhbaghkblky k ijb^uoZgb_f ihkdhevdm
h[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fyaudZdZev_heZf
n@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmgghh[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fyaudZdZev_heZf
l@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmeghh[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fdhgqbdZyaudZd
Zev_heZfaZkqzlq_]hhgyey_lky[he__gZijy`zggufq_fjmkkdbcamdHggbdh]^Z
g_kfy]qZ_lkybhklZ_lkyl_j^ufbgZijy`zggufex[hcihabpbb
k@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmdgh[he__j_adbcbrmfguc
g@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm]gh[he__wg_j]bqguc
p@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmighijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqghkijb^uoZgb_f
b@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm[ghijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqgh
f@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmngh[he__gZijy`zgguc
v@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmgh[he__gZijy`zgguc
s@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmk
z@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfma
h@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmoghf_g__rmfgucijhbaghkblkygZe_]dhfu^ho_
r@ ² hl^Zezggh gZihfbgZ_l jmkkdbc amd j gh ijhbaghkblky [_a b[jZpbc yaudZ
DhgqbdyaudZaZ]b[Z_lky_jodgz[mghg_dZkZ_lky_]hlZdhfiheh`_gbbihiulZc
l_kvkdZaZlvamd`Ih`ZemcwlhkZfucljm^guckh]eZkgucamdZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ
D@²ihoh`_]hamdZjmkkdhfyaud_g_lGm`ghke_]dZaZ`ZlvdhgqbdyaudZf_`^m
am[ZfbbkdZaZlva=m[uijbwlhfg_^b]ZxlkybgZq_ijhbahc^_lbkdZ`_gb_amdZ
T@²wlhlamdlh`_f_`am[gucgh]emohcKdZ`bl_kaZ`ZdhgqbdyaudZam[Zfb
=m[uijbwlhf^b]Zlvkyg_^he`gu
Î@ ² wlh ghkhhc amd ihoh`bc gZ  g gh ijhbaghkblky ih^jm]hfm dhgqbd  yaudZ
ijb`Zldgb`gbfam[ZfZ_]hkibgdZijb`ZlZdfy]dhfmgz[mdZd_keb[uuohl_eb
ijhbag_klb]BebijhklhihiulZcl_kvijhbag_klbfg_kfudZyijbwlhf]m[
j@²[ebahddamdmckeh_fhcijhbag_kzgghfmrzihlhfgh[he__gZijy`zggh
S@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmrghqmlvfy]q_
[Z ]²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm`ghqmlvfy]q_
[¶ ]²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmqghijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqgh
[³] ² g_ bf__l khhl_lklby  jmkkdhf yaud_ Hg h[jZam_lky lZd `_ dZd b  q gh
yey_lkyahgdbfAmdG@dZd[ugZdeZ^uZ_lkygZamdZ@
w@ ² g_ bf__l khhl_lklby  jmkkdhf yaud_ Wlhl amd klj_qZ_lky lhevdh  i_j_^
]eZkgufb Qlh[u _]h ijhbag_klb gm`gh ulygmlv ]m[u i_jz^ dZd [u ]hlhykv ijh
bag_klbjmkkdbcamdmaZl_fwg_j]bqghu^uoZyha^moijhbag_klbke_^mxsbcaZ
gbf]eZkgucamd_jogb_am[uijbwlhfg_^he`gudZkZlvkygb`g_c]m[u
       H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_ Zg]ebckdb_ kh]eZkgu_ g_ kfy]qZxlky b g_ h]emrZxlky
Ahgdb_kh]eZkgu_^Z`_dhgp_kehZijhbaghkylkyahgdh?kebu[m^_l_h]emrZlv
ahgdb_kh]eZkgu_lhmZkihemqblkykhk_f^jm]h_kehhZkg_ihcfml
LjZgkdjbipby]eZkguoamdh

        Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ [hevrh_ agZq_gb_ bf__l ^he]hlZ ]eZkguo hgZ iheghklvx
f_gy_lagZq_gb_kehZGZijbf_jjmkkdhfyaud_g_klhevZ`ghdZduijhbaghkbl_
kehh rbi Fh`_l_ lygmlv b kdhevdh m]h^gh wlh [m^_l bf_lv ebrv wfhpbhgZevgh_
agZq_gb_Mf_gy[hevrhcrbbbi[hlbgd_ Zg]ebckdhf`_yaud_ ihoh`__ kehhk
djZldbf amdhf [K] [m^_l h[hagZqZlv dhjZ[ev Zk ^he]bfamdhfÖ@ — hpm.Qlh[ug_
imlZlvdhjZ[evkhphckh[ex^Zcl_^he]hlmbdjZldhklv]eZkguo[md
       ?keb ihke_ nhg_lbq_kdh]h agZdZ klhyl ^_ lhqdb lh wlh hagZqZ_l qlh amd
^he]bcD@?kebbog_llhamddjZldbc

u@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmmkeh_imlv=m[uijb_]hijhbag_k_gbbg_uiyqbZxlky
u@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmmkeh_ fmeijhbag_kzgghfmijhly`gh=m[uijb
_]hijhbag_k_gbbg_uiyqbZxlky
O@ ² [ebahd d jmkkdhfm amdm  h   keh_  [hd Ijb _]h ijhbag_k_gbb ]m[u  g_
hdjm]eyxlkyyaude_`bliehkdhhjlmdZdijbijhbag_k_gbbamdZZ
þ@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmhkeh_[hev_keb_]hkdZaZlvijhly`ghAmd^he]bc]em
[hdbcgh]m[uijb_]hijhbag_k_gbbg_ulygmlu
ö@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmdjZldhfmZkeh_[Zf
a@²gZihfbgZ_l^he]bcZdhlhjucba^ZxliZpb_gludh]^ZjZqhkfZljbZ_l]hjeh
{@ ² khhl_lklby  jmkkdhf yaud_ g_ bf__l  Ijb ijhbag_k_gbb dhgqbd yaudZ
dZkZ_lky gb`gbo am[h kj_^gyy qZklv yaudZ u]gmlZ q_exklv hims_gZ Ij_^klZvl_
k_[_lZdhfiheh`_gbbuohl_ebkdZaZlvZghihke_^gbcfhf_glkdZaZebw
e@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmwkeh_wlb
K@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmbkeh_ibd
i@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmbkeh_bZ_keb_]hijhbag_klbijhly`gh
ý@²khhl_lklmxs_]hamdZjmkkdhfyaud_g_bf__lkyGZihfbgZ_lamdzkeh_
fz^ _keb hl[jhkblv amd f Ijb _]h ijhbag_k_gbb dhgqbd yaudZ gZoh^blky m gb`gbo
am[h]m[uke_]dZjZklygmluf_`^m_jogbfbbgb`gbfbam[Zfbg_[hevrZys_ev
@@²g_ykgucg_cljZevgucamdg_qlhkj_^g__f_`^mZb_LZdhcamdoZjZdl_j_g
^eyfgh]bojmkkdbo]eZkguo[_am^Zjghfiheh`_gbb

       Zg]ebckdhfyaud_bf_xlkykeh`gu_]eZkgu_amdbdhlhju_khklhyl ba ^mo
amdhqblZxsbokykeblghdZdh^bgamdkm^Zj_gb_fgZi_jhfamd_Wlbkeh`gu_
]eZkgu_amdbgZauZxlky^bnlhg]Zfb

eK@²gZihfbgZ_lkhq_lZgb_]eZkguokeh_i_c
aK@²gZihfbgZ_lkhq_lZgb_jmkkdbo]eZkguokeh_iZc
oK@² gZihfbgZ_l khq_lZgb_ ]eZkguo  keh_ [hc gh ijb ijhbag_k_gbb h ]m[u g_
hdjm]eyxlkyZlhjufwe_f_glhfyey_lkydjZldbcamdb
E@@²i_jucamdwlh]h^bnlhg]Zihoh`gZjmkkdbcamdwkeh_wlhllhjhcamd
ihoh`gZg_m^ZjgucZkeh_l_ZljZeM^Zj_gb_iZ^Z_lgZi_jucwe_f_gl
K@@ ² i_juc amd wlh]h ^bnlhg]Z gZihfbgZ_l djZldbc jmkkdbc amd  b  dhlhjuc
ihkl_i_gghi_j_oh^blg_cljZevgucamdM^Zj_gb_gZi_jhfamd_
@u@²khklhblbadjZldh]hhldjulh]hamdZO@i_j_oh^ys_]hdjZldbcamdu@Ijb
ijhbag_k_gbbO@]m[ug_hdjm]eyxlkyijbijhbag_k_gbbX@g_uiyqbZxlkyi_j_^
au@²ihoh`gZkhq_lZgb_jmkkdboamdhZm]^_lhjhcamdhq_gvdjZldbcm^Zj_gb_
iZ^Z_lgZi_jucamddZdbf_gb2FZm]eb
u@@ ² i_juc  amd wlh]h ^bnlhg]Z gZihfbgZ_l djZldbc jmkkdbc amd m
ijhbag_kzgguc [_a uiyqbZgby ]m[ b ihkl_i_ggh i_j_oh^ysbc  g_cljZevguc amd
M^Zj_gb_iZ^Z_lgZi_jucamd

        hl u b ihagZdhfbebkv k ljZgkdjbipb_c L_i_jv u fh`_l_ _jgmlvky d
Zg]ebckdhfmZenZblmbgbfZl_evghkijZbevgufijhbaghr_gb_fijhqblZlv[mdu
Gm`gh agZlv Zg]ebckdbc ZenZbl [_amij_qgh u ^he`gu mf_lv magZZlv [mdu
gZibkZggu_ex[ufrjbnlhfgZauZlvboex[hfihjy^d_Ijh_jvl_k_[y

($,8*-.4*+59:97/=3%01'*-6=+6+2$()5,3-.
7'942.,$289354*-)10'%7$%/),9:).4+8$(2,$35
MKGV]FDHLJKWIYZOEPLJKVKUWFKLHDRVW[]GEJWIFXYQWYSTUZIYRDLTSP OJ
KMYHLDEDGONLPQZMV]WJILDHUWIYJEQPNOKQPRVD]JGEGDE
         gZklhys__ j_fy ijb ibkvf_ bkihevam_lky ihemi_qZlguc rjbnl ij_`gbc
jmdhibkguc rjbnl mihlj_[ey_lky kz j_`_ GZibrbl_ dZ`^mx [mdm ZenZblZ ih
kljhqd_ihemi_qZlgufrjbnlhf
        Ih kehZjx u fh`_l_ ihiulZlvky ijhqblZlv g_dhlhju_ kehZ himklbf Zf
ihiZehkvkehhGDXJKWHUddhlhjhfmubih^klmiblvkyg_agZ_l_dZdGhaZ]eygbl_
ljZgkdjbipbxbuh[gZjm`bl_qlhhghqblZ_lkyijhklhg_fk_]hq_luj_amdZ
2dþt@@Lhevdh djhihlebZy jZ[hlZ fh`_l Zf ihfhqv heZ^_gbb ljZgkdjbipb_c.
        ?keb u ihevam_l_kv  g_kdhevdbfb kehZjyfb lh fh`_l_ aZf_lblv qlh
ljZgkdjbipby h^gh]h b lh]h `_ kehZ fh`_l g_ khiZ^Zlv  jZaebqguo ba^Zgbyo
GZijbf_j[he__jZggboba^Zgbyo^bnlhg]@u@h[hagZqZekydZdou@
        M g_dhlhjuo keh fh`_l  hlkmlklhZlv amd  @@  dhlhjuc lZd`_ bgh]^Z
h[hagZqZ_lky  kdh[dZo  2rÓzb@
rK@ fZebgZ Kdh[db ih^kdZauZxl qlh h[Z ZjbZglZ
ijhbaghr_gby hafh`gu   2rÓzb@rK@ b  2rÓzbrK@ LZdb_ jZaebqby  ljZgkdjbipbb
hljZ`Zxlihklhygghbaf_gyxsb_kyghjfuijhbaghr_gby`bhcj_qb
        ;ueh [u mlhfbl_evgh qblZlv dZ`^h_ kehh k ihfhsvx ljZgkdjbipbb ?klv
ijZbeZagZgb_dhlhjuoihfh]Z_lheZ^_lvl_ogbdhcql_gbyEmqr_k_]hgZqbgZlvk
ql_gby keh wlh ihfh`_l ijbkihkh[blv j_q_hc ZiiZjZl d Zg]ebckdhfm
ijhbaghr_gbx
KZfh_ ljm^gh_ ² wlh hkhblv ijZbeZ ql_gby ]eZkguo [md ihkdhevdm hgb 
jZaguoihabpbyoqblZxlkyihjZaghfmBoql_gb_aZbkblhllbiZkeh]ZJZaebqZxlljb
lbiZkeh]Zi_juchldjuluclhjhcaZdjuluckeh]bijhklhlj_lbclbikeh]Z

          hldjulhfkeh]_]eZkgu_[mduqblZxlkylZddZdhgbgZauZxlky

                  DeK@HÖ@LaK@R@u@Xjü@bebü@

          aZdjulhfkeh]_l_`_]eZkgu_qblZxlkym`_ih^jm]hfm

                  D{@He@LK@RO@Xö@

          lj_lv_flbi_keh]Zkhk_fbgu_ijZbeZql_gby]eZkguo

          Djhf_ lh]h dZ`^Zy ]eZkgZy  khq_lZgbb k ^jm]bfb [mdZfb fh`_l h[hagZqZlv
jZaebqgu_amdbBgh]^Zh^bgblhl`_amdfh`_lh[hagZqZlvkyg_kdhevdbfb[mdZfb
beb[mdhkhq_lZgbyfbDjhihlebZyjZ[hlZihfh`_ljZah[jZlvkykhk_fbijZbeZfb
ZZcl_ihijh[m_ff_kl_ihklbqvaZdhghf_jghklvql_gby]eZkguo[md

          k_ebagZxlqlhlZdh_hldjuluckeh]HldjulufgZauZ_lkykeh]

Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcgbq_]hg_ke_^m_lPHmÖ@KHhÖ@

Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcke_^m_l]eZkgZy[mdZh[uqghg_qblZ_fZyWHDtÖ@

Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcke_^m_lkh]eZkgZyghaZg_ckghZ]eZkgZyh[uqghg_qblZ_fZy
   QDPHneKm@WDNHteKk@GDWHdeKt@


                JZa^_eHl[mdu²damdmhlamdZ²d[mdZf

          Ij_`^_ q_f ijbklmiblv d bamq_gbx ijZbe ql_gby ]eZkguo [md   hldjulhf
keh]_gm`ghgZmqblvkyqblZlvkh]eZkgu_[mdukhhl_lklbbkljZgkdjbipb_c

EE@       SS@        GG@        WW@        JJ@      NN@   YY@    II@
KK@       OO@        PP@        QQ@        UU@      ZZ@   M³@

          ;mdZ  V   gZqZe_ kehZ b ihke_ ]emobo kh]eZkguo qblZ_lky ]emoh V@ Z ihke_
]eZkguobahgdbokh]eZkguoahgdhz@;mdZFqZs_k_]hqblZ_lkyN@^_[mdu
WKg_j_^dhh[hagZqZxlamdD@Ljm^gucamdg_h[uqguc^eyjmkkdh]hyaudZ

          ^Zevg_cr_fijZbeZql_gby[md[m^mlh[hagZq_gujbfkdbfbpbnjZfb 
       Dh]^Z ijbklmibl_ d ql_gbx keh ihfgbl_ qlh  dZ`^hf keh_ qblZ_lky ebrv
i_jZy]eZkgZy[mdZyeyxsZykym^ZjghcgZ^jm]b_]eZkgu_g_h[jZsZcl_gbfZgby
;mdZHdhgp_kehZihqlbgbdh]^Zg_qblZ_lky__gZauZxlg_fhc]eZkghc
        Ijbf_qZgb_ kdmqgh qblZlv kehZ g_ bf_y ij_^klZe_gby h[ bo agZq_gbb Fu
ijbh^bff_kl_khkehhfh^ghba_]hagZq_gbcmijZ`g_gbyowlbkehZfh]ml[ulv
b  ^jm]bo agZq_gbyo DZ`^hfm mqZs_fmky g_h[oh^bfh jZabZlv mf_gb_ jZkihagZlv
ghh_agZq_gb_keh_kvki_dljagZq_gbcex[h]hkehZufh`_l_magZlvkehZjyo
=E::

                        ,;mdZDhldjulhfkeh]_qblZ_lkyeK@
WDNH[jZlv                           EUDNHlhjfha                  ODdeZklv
PDNH^_eZlv                           ODNHha_jh                    GD^_gv
JDPHb]jZ                             DLGihfhsv                     VDkdZaZlv
QDPHbfy                              UDLQ^h`^v                    VWDhklZlvky
SODWHlZj_edZ                         ZDLW`^Zlv                    SDieZlblv
ODWHiha^gh                           SDLQ[hev                     PDfhqv
FDNHibjh`gh_                        SDLQWjbFhZlv                ZD^hjh]Z
KDWHg_gZb^_lv                       SODb]jZlv                   ODEHOleKbl@wlbd_ldZ
EUDYHojZ[juc                        SUDfheblvky                 WUDLQlj_gbjhZlvky
VDYHkiZkZlv                         VSUD[jua]b                  VNDWHdZlZlvkygZdhgvdZo
        Bkdexq_gb_KDYHh{v@bf_lv

        Fub^bfqlh[mdZDb[mdhkhq_lZgbyDLDh[hagZqZxlh^bgblhl`_
^bnlhg]eK@Ihfgbl_qlhljZgkdjbipbbi_j_^ZzlkyebrvamqZgb_kehZ
        WDNHteKk@UDLQreKn@GDdeK@FDNHkeKk@VWUDLJKWstreKt@ijyfhc

         ihke_^g_f keh_ ^_ [mdu  JK  yeyxlky g_qblZ_fufb Hgb g_ qblZxlky
ihqlbhk_oZg]ebckdbokehZoIhklZjZcl_kvg_h[jZsZlvgZgbogbfZgb_

        AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ihiZfylbljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh
ODWHKDWHVNDWHVWUDLJKWWUDLQVDYHZDLWVWDSDQDPHGDWHFDNHEUDYHSDLQW

        DklZlbfuagZ_fqlhVgZqZe_kehZqblZ_lky]emohs@VDYHseKv@Zf_`^m
]eZkgufbqZs_k_]hahgdhz@UDLVHreKz@ih^gbfZlvGh_klvbkdexq_gbyFDVHkeKs@
dhjh[dZEDVHbeKs@hkghZKehZk[mdhcVf_`^m]eZkgufbijh_jycl_ihkehZjx

                 ,,Áóêâà Dïåðåä áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåì EO ÷èòàåòñÿeK@
                DEOHeKbl@kihkh[guc                       VDEOHseKbl@kh[hev
                WDEOHteKbl@klhe                          VWDEOHsteKbl@ijhqguc
                IDEOHfeKbl@[Zkgy                         FDEOHkeKbl@dZ[_ev

                III. ÄèôòîíãeK@îáîçíà÷àþò è äðóãèå áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿ:
HHLJUHgreK@k_jucWKHDeK@hgbHLJKWeKt@hk_fvZHLJKWweKt@_k
hq_gvj_^dhHDJUHDWgreKt@[hevrhcEUHDNbreKk@ehfZlvVWHDNsteKk@[bnrl_dk

        AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_kehZkhamdhfei@
PDNHQDPHWDNHPDZDVWUDLJKWDLPDEOHJUHVWHDNWKHZHLJKWJUHDWEUDNHEUHDN
H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_ kehZ  EUDNH  EUHDN   ibrmlky ihjZaghfm gh qblZxlky
h^bgZdhhWlhhfhgbfuIh^jh[g__hgboijhqblZcl_kijZhqghfjZa^_e_

        Amd  eK@ bf__lky  `_gkdbo bf_gZo .DWH keKt@ D_cl -DQH ³eKn@ `_cg
0DEHO meKbl@ F_c[e   fm`kdbo bf_gZo  'DYH deKv@ _c -DNH ³eKk@ `_cd 
gZaZgbyof_kyp_0DmeK@fZc$SULO 2eKprKl@Zij_evDklZlbgZaZgbyf_kyp_b
^g_cg_^_ebibrmlkykaZ]eZghc[mdu

        Dh_qlhh[Zg]ebckdboij_^eh`_gbyo

        eylh]hqlh[uqblZlvbihgbfZlvij_^eh`_gbygm`ghbf_lvij_^klZe_gb_h
]jZffZlbq_kdhfkljh_yaudZ
        :g]ebckdh_kehhg_j_^dhfh`_l[ulvbkms_klbl_evgufbijbeZ]Zl_evgufb
]eZ]hehfh^ghcblhc`_nhjf_
        BglhgZpby ih_klhZl_evgh]h ij_^eh`_gby bf__l gbkoh^ysbc lhg lh _klv
ijhbkoh^blihkl_i_ggh_ihgb`_gb_]hehkZddhgpmij_^eh`_gby
        Kem`_[gu_kehZZjlbdebkhxauij_^eh]b
yeyxlky[_am^ZjgufbH^gbfba
kem`_[guokehyey_lkykhxaDQG{nd@baZihfgbl_lZd`_ij_^eh]LQKn@

        AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
0DEHODQG.DWHVNDWH                               F_c[ebD_cldZlZxlkygZdhgvdZo
-DQHDQG.DWHSOD7KHSOD                      `_cgbD_clb]jZxlHgbb]jZxl
'DYHDQG-DNHSD7KHSD                        _cb`_cdieZlylHgbieZlyl
-DNHDQG'DYHVWD7KHVWD                      `_cdb_chklZxlkyHgbhklZxlky
.DWHDQG-DNHWUDLQ7KHWUDLQ                    D_clb`_cdlj_gbjmxlkyHgblj_gbjmxlky
7KHWUDLQLQ0D                                  Hgblj_gbjmxlkyfZ_

        Mhijhkbl_evguoij_^eh`_gbc[_ahijhkbl_evguokehdZdijZbeh
hkoh^ysbclhglh_klvijhbkoh^blihur_gb_]hehkZddhgpmij_^eh`_gby

        AZ]eZgZy[mdZ,aK@h[hagZqZ_lf_klhbf_gb_yKjZgbl_^bnlhg]baK@beK@ 
,SD,SOD,VWD,VNDWH,VDYH.DWH,VDYH'DYH,WUDLQ,KDWHSDLQ
        AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
0D,VDFh`ghykdZ`m  6D.DWHKdZ`bD_cl
0D,SDLQWFh`ghfg_jbkhZlv                    3DLQW.DWHJbkmcD_cl
0D,SODFh`ghyihb]jZx                       3OD-DQHB]jZc`_cg
0D,VWDFh]myhklZlvky                      6WD'DYHHklZZcky_c
0D,ZDLWFh`ghfg_ih^h`^Zlv                   :DLW-DNHIh^h`^b`_cd
0D,SDFh]myaZieZlblv                      3D.DWHIeZlbD_cl
0D,EUDNHFh`ghlhjfhablv                      %UDNH-DNHLhjfhab`_cd
:jlbdev

        MZg]ebckdbobfzgkms_klbl_evguo_klv^ZZjlbdeyhij_^_ezggucbg_hij_
^_ezgguc KgZqZeZ fu ih]hhjbf h g_hij_^_ezgghf Zjlbde_ D @@ Hg [_am^Zj_g b
qblZ_lkykeblghkkms_klbl_evgufDODNHDFDNHDSODWHDWDEOHDODEHODFDEOH
        I_j_^bf_gZfbkms_klbl_evgufbgZqbgZxsbfbkyk]eZkghc[mduhgbf__l
nhjfmDQ@n@DQDLG@ 2neKd@ihfhsgbdDQDLP@ 2neKm@p_ev

        G_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevmihlj_[ey_lkydh]^Zkms_klbl_evgh_mihfbgZ_lky
i_ju_dh]^ZkblmZpbbih^jZamf_Z_lkyij_^f_l©dZdhcgb[m^vª©ex[hcª
0D,WDNHDSODWH                                     Fh`ghaylvdZdmxgb[m^v
lZj_edm
0D,WDNHDFDNH                                      Fh`ghaylvh^gh
ibjh`gh_
0D-DNHWDNHDVWHDN                                  Fh`gh`_cdmaylv[bnrl_dk
0D,WDNHDVWDEOHWDEOH              Fh`ghaylvijhqgucklhe
:DLWDGD                                             Ih^h`^b^_gzd

        G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky lhevdh k kms_klbl_evgufb 
_^bgkl_gghf qbke_  I_j_^ kms_klbl_evgufb h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ hg ijhklh
himkdZ_lky0D,WDNHSODWHVFh`ghyhavfmlZj_edb
        G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev g_ mihlj_[ey_lky k bf_gZfb kh[kl_ggufb b
g_bkqbkey_fufbkms_klbl_evgufblh_klvg_bf_xsbfbfgh`_kl_ggh]hqbkeZ 
,KDWHUDLQYg_gZb`m^h`^v                         ,KDWHSDLQYg_gZb`m[hev
7KHWUDLQ-DQHHgblj_gbjmxl`_cg                   6DYH.DWHKiZkbl_D_cl


        Fgh`_kl_ggh_qbkehbfzgkms_klbl_evguo

        Fgh`_kl_ggh_qbkehkms_klbl_evguoqZs_k_]hh[jZam_lkyijbihfhsb
hdhgqZgbyVdhlhjh_qblZ_lky]emohV@ihke_]emobokh]eZkguobahgdh]@ihke_
ahgdbokh]eZkguob]eZkguoG_fZy]eZkgZyHhklZzlkyg_ijhbaghkbfhc
SODWHSODWHVpleKts@ FDNHFDNHVkeKks@         ODNHODNHVleKks@         VWHDNVWHDNVsteKks@
GDGDVdeKz@  JDPHJDPHVgeKmz@         ODEHOODEHOVleKblz@  WUDLQWUDLQVtreKnz@

        AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
0D'DYHWDNHVWHDNV                                   Fh`_l_caylv[bnrl_dku
0D,WDNHHLJKWFDNHV                                 Fh]myaylvhk_fvibjh`guo
0D-DQHPDNHFDNHV                                    Fh`gh`_cgbki_qzlibjh`gu_
0DWKHPDNHODEHOV                                 Fh`ghhgbba]hlhylwlbd_ldb

        DZd b h k_o yaudZo fbjZ  Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ bf_xlky mklhcqbu_
kehhkhq_lZgbyLZdujZ`_gb_WKHVDhgb]hhjylbgh]^Zmihlj_[ey_lkykfuke_
]hhjylqlhFuihklhyggh[m^_fagZdhfblvkyklZdbfbkehhkhq_lZgbyfb
AZ^Zgb_   IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby Ihfgbl_ qlh ij_^eh]b [_am^Zjgu b qblZxlky
keblghkihke_^mxsbfbkehZfbLQ$SULOK 2neKprKl@
0D-DQHWUDLQ                                   Fh`gh`_cgihlj_gbjhZlvky
0D,SDLQ0D           Fh`ghfg_aZieZlblvfZ_
7KHVD,PDSDLQ0D                        =hhjylqlhfh`ghaZieZlblvfZ_
3DLQ$SULO-DNH        IeZlbZij_e_`_cd

                                              Ih^_^zfblh]b

         L_klIjhqblZcl_ghu_kehZIjh_jvl_boamqZgb_ihljZgkdjbipbbkehZj_
VDOHijh^Z`ZVDPHlhl`_kZfucWDLOohklWDOHjZkkdZa
         L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud

'DYHDQG-DNHSDLQWODEHOV7KHWUDLQLQ0D,WUDLQLQ$SULO,KDWHUDLQ.DWHDQG-DQHPDNH
FDNHV0D,WDNHDFDNH-DNHPDWDNHHLJKWFDNHV'DYHPDSD7DNHHLJKWVWHDNV



                                       Jake may take a steak and eight cakes.
                                   .                                       

                   AZihfgbl_^bnlhg]eK@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
[mdZDhldjulhfkeh]_FDNHFDVHQDPHUDLQZDLWSDLQZDGDSOD
j_^dh[mdZDaZdjulhfkeh]_DEOHWDEOHIDEOHVWDEOHFDEOHVDEOH
_szj_`_[mdhkhq_lZgbyHLHHLJKWZHLJKWJUHWKH
khk_fj_^dh[mdhkhq_lZgb_HDJUHDWEUHDNVWHDN



                                                =E::

         Ij_`^_q_ffui_j_c^zfdijZbeZfql_gbyke_^mxs_c]eZkghc[mdugm`gh
h[jZlblvgbfZgb_gZljm^gu_kemqZbql_gbyg_dhlhjuokh]eZkguo

    IÁóêâàKïîñëåZ÷àùå âñåãî íå ÷èòàåòñÿ:ZKHHOwÖl@dhe_kh

         ,,ÁóêâàFâ áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ÷èòàåòñÿN@Íî êîãäà îíà ñòîèò
ïåðåä ãëàñíûìè áóêâàìèHLòî îíà ÷èòàåòñÿ êàêV@Ñðàâíèòå
N@FDNHkeKk@ibjh`gh_FDVHkeKs@q_fh^ZgFDEOHkeKbl@dZ[_ev 
V@IDFHfeKs@ebphSODFHpleKs@f_klh 

         ,,,Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåVKîáîçíà÷àåò çâóêS@áëèçêèé ê ðóññêîìó çâóêó
ríî ìÿã÷åVKDYHSeKv@[jblvkyVKDNHSeKk@ljyklb
IV. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåFKîáîçíà÷àåò çâóê¶@áëèçêèé ê ðóññêîìó çâóêóq
FKDLQ¶eKn@p_ihqdZFKHHVH¶Öz@kuj

         V. Äâå áóêâûWKîáîçíà÷àþò íå òîëüêî çâîíêèé çâóê [D]íî è ãëóõîé T@
         G_l ijZbe ih dhlhjuf fh`gh hij_^_eblv dh]^Z  WK  qblZ_lky ahgdh D@ Z
dh]^Z ]emoh T@ Gm`gh ohjhrh aZihfgblv agZqdb b ijh_jylv ih kehZjx dZdhc
bf_gghkeh_amdIhkfhljbl_ih^[hjdmkehgZwlbamdbkijZhqghfjZa^_e_

         VIÁóêâàHâ îòêðûòîì ñëîãå ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê äîëãèé çâóêL@
EH[ulv                        VHHNbkdZlv                     KHDWgZ]j_Zlv
ZHfu                          VHHb^_lv                      OHDGjmdhh^blv
KHhg                          VHDfhj_                        PHDWfykh
VKHhgZ                        WHDqZc                         VHDWkb^_gv_
PHfg_f_gy                   HDW_klv                        UHDGqblZlv
VOHHSkiZlv                     MHDQV^`bgku                    ZHDNkeZ[uc
WUHH^_j_h                    FOHDQqbklblv                   VSHDN]hhjblv
WKUHHTrÖ@ljb                 FUHDPdj_f                     OHDYHhklZeylv
IUHHkh[h^guc                 GUHDPf_qlZ                     SHRSOHex^b
JUHHQa_ezguc                  VZHHWkeZ^dbc                   NHdexq
VWUHHWmebpZ                   NHHSojZgblv                    FKHDS^_rzuc
QHHGgm`^Zlvky                 WHDFKh[mqZlv                   SHDFHpÖs@fbj
ZHHNg_^_ey                    WHDPdhfZg^Z                    VHDVRQsÖzn@j_fy]h^Z

         Bkdexq_gb_JUHDWgreKt@_ebdbcEUHDNbreKk@ehfZlvVWHDNsteKk@[bnrl_dk
?klv]jmiiZkeh]^_HDqblZ_lkyih^jm]hfmghh[wlhffu[m^_f]hhjblvhkh[h

       Ihfgbl_qlhh[hagZq_gb_amdZijbgZibkZgbbjZagh_ghljZgkdjbipbhgguc
agZdk_]^Zh^bgZHwÖ@VKHSÖ@VZHHWswÖt@HDWÖt@SHDFHpÖs@FKHDS¶Öp@
         AmdL@_klv`_gkdhfbf_gb(YHÖv@Bbfm`kdhfbf_gb3HWHpÖt@Ibl

         AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh
EHKHZHHNZHDNFOHDQMHDQVFKHHVHZKHHOOHDGFUHDPSHDFHVKHWHDFKNH 
         AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
 ,VHHDVWUHHW                                   Yb`mmebpm
 ,VHHDJUHHQWUHH                                Yb`ma_ezgh_^_j_h
 :HVHHWKUHHWUHHV                           Fub^bfljb^_j_Z
 :HQHHGWKUHHVZHHWV 
                                                    GZfgm`guljbdhgn_lu
 3HRSOHQHHGSHDFH                                 Ex^yfgm`_gfbj
 ,VHH(YHDQG3HWH                                Yb`mBbIblZ
 7KHQHHGFOHDQMHDQV                             Bfgm`guqbklu_^`bgku
 :HQHHGVZHHWWHD                         GZfgm`_gkeZ^dbcqZc
:HQHHGFKHDSFKHHVH                                   GZfgm`_g^_rzuckuj
 :HDNSHRSOHQHHGPHDW                                 KeZ[ufex^yfgm`ghfykh
 :HVHHDZHDNWHDP                                     Fub^bfkeZ[mxdhfZg^m
 :HQHHGDGUHDPWHDP                                   GZfgm`gZdhfZg^Zf_qlZ
 /HDYHPHSOHDVH       HklZvl_f_gyih`ZemcklZ
 7DNHDVHDWSOHDVH                                  Ih`ZemcklZkZ^bl_kv

       H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_   keh_   NH   [mdZ  H  qblZ_lky ih aZdhgm hldjulh]h
keh]ZkÖ@?klvfgh]hkeh`gu_kehZdhlhjuob[mdhkhq_lZgb_HLqblZ_lkyL@
UHFHLYHrK 2sÖv@ihemqZlv  GHFHLYHdK 2sÖv@h[fZguZlv  FRQFHLYHk@n 2sÖv@aZ^mfZlv
UHFHLSWrK 2sÖt@dblZgpby  GHFHLWdK 2sÖt@h[fZg          FRQFHLWk@ 2nsÖt@kZfhfg_gb_

       DklZlb  fgh]hkeh`guo kehZo m^Zjgu_ ]eZkgu_ fh]ml qblZlvky  hldjulhf
keh]_ihijZbemaZdjulh]hkeh]Zhkh[_gghqZklhbgl_jgZpbhgZevguokehZo
       VHFRQGseknd@k_dmg^ZWHOHJUDP 2telegrm@l_e_]jZffZ
          AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud
,VHHDJUHHQWUHH:HVHHDVWUDLJKWVWUHHW3HWHDQG(YHWUDLQWKUHHGDVDZHHN7KHUHFHLYH
WHOHJUDPV0DWKHOHDYHPH:HKDWHGHFHLWV-DQHDQG'DYHQHHGDUHFHLSW7KHQHHG
WHD FKHHVH DQG VZHHWV .DWH DQG -DNH QHHG PHDW FKHHVH  DQG WKUHH VWHDNV :H QHHG JUH
MHDQV3HWHDQG(YHSDLQW7KHSDLQWSHRSOHWUHHVVWUHHWVDQGODNHV3DLQWWKUHHWUHHV%HIUHH

         VII.ÇâóêL@îáîçíà÷àåò èíîãäà è áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåLHðåäêî áóêâàL
SLHFHpÖs@dmkhd                  QLHFHnÖs@ie_fyggbpZ         FKLHI¶Öf@jmdhh^bl_ev
EULHIbrÖf@djZldh                JULHIgrÖf@]hj_          WKLHITÖf@hj  EHOLHYHbK 2lÖv@_jblv
ILHOGfÖld@ihe_              SROLFHp@ 2lÖs@ihebpby      VNLskÖ@dZlZlvkygZeu`Zo

          AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh
KHWHDFOHDQZKHHOWKUHHIUHHSLHFHUHDGVKHFKHHVHOHDGQLHFH
UDLQJUHWKHVNLVKHJUHDWJULHISLHFHSHDFHOHDYHEHOLHYHFKHDSFKLHI
AZ^Zgb_   IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby H[tykgbl_ ihq_fm m h^gbo  Fms_klbl_evguo
_klvg_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevZm^jm]bo_]hg_l
,QHHGDNH                                         Fg_gm`_gdexq
,QHHGWKUHHZHHNV                                   Fg_gm`guljbg_^_eb
7KHQHHGDZKHHO                                    Bfgm`ghdhe_kh
:HQHHGWHDDQGVZHHWV                              GZfgm`_gqZcbdhgn_lu
:HVHHDJUHHQWUHH                                  Fub^bfa_ezgh_^_j_h
5HDGDIDEOH                                        IjhqblZcdZdmxgb[m^v[Zkgx
3HRSOHQHHGSHDFH                                    Ex^yfgm`_gfbj
0D,PDNHWHD                                       Fh`ghaZZjblvqZc
,QHHGDLG    Fg_gm`gZihfhsv
,QHHGDQDLG                                        Fg_gm`_gihfhsgbd
Fu gZmqbebkv aZ^ZZlv g_dhlhju_ hijhku gh ihdZ g_ agZ_f dZd gZ gbo
hl_qZlveyml_j^bl_evgh]hhl_lZgZfgm`ghkehh^ZHVjes@

         H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_gZlhqlh[mdZMh[hagZqZ_lamd³@ZljZgkdjbipbhgguc
agZqhdM@h[hagZqZ_lamdihoh`bcgZjmkkdbcamdc

         Lhl`_amdj@ijbkmlklm_lbkeh_RXjü@dhlhjh_fh`_li_j_h^blvky
aZbkbfhklbhlkblmZpbbdZdluul_[_Zfl_[yZk
RXPDVHH3HWH                                 Lufh`_rvmb^_lvIblZ
:HVHHRX                                       FuZkb^bf
,QHHGRXRXQHHGPH                          Lugm`_gfg_Zyl_[_ 
,EHOLHYHRXRXEHOLHYHPH              Y_jxZfufg_
RXGHFHLYHPH,GHFHLYHRX                    Luh[fZguZ_rvf_gyyh[fZguZxl_[y 
         AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 
0D,VHHRXYfh]mZkmb^_lv         0DEHFh`_l[ulv
0D,EHIUHHYfh]m[ulvkh[h^_g                  HVRXPDZfh`_l_
0D,PHHWRXFh`ghkZfbihagZdhfblvky                         HVRXPDZfh`gh
0DZHHDWFKHHVHFh`gh_klvkuj                               HVRXPDZfh`gh
0D3HWHHDWPHDWIblfh`_lih_klvfykZ                HVKHPDZfh`_l
0D(YHVHH3HWHBfh`_lmb^_lvIblZ                           HVVKHPDZfh`_l
0D3HWHDQG(YHOHDYHIblbBfh]mlmclb                      HVWKHPDZfh]ml
0DWKHPHHWPHFh`ghhgbf_gyklj_lyl                   HVWKHPDZfh`gh

         ?szjZa_jgzfkydql_gbx[mduFbijh_jbfk_[y 

N@FDVHFDNHFDEOHFOHDQFUHDP
V@IDFHSODFHSHDFHSLHFHQLHFHUHFHLYHGHFHLWFRQFHLWSROLFH
¶@FKDLQFKHHVHFKHDS

                      Ih]hhjbfh]jZffZlbd_
                  
         Ebqgu_f_klhbf_gbyfum`_agZ_fihqlbk_
         y,luRXhgKHhgZVKHfuZHuRXhgbWKH
         F_klhbf_gb_LWKt@fh`_llZd`_i_j_h^blvkydZdhgbhgZdh]^Zj_qvb^zlh
g_h^mr_ezgguo ij_^f_lZo b h `bhlguo ihkdhevdm  Zg]ebckdhf yaud_
g_h^mr_ezggu_ij_^f_lug_bf_xljh^Z,Wmihlj_[ey_lkybagZq_gbbwlh
,VHHLW,QHHGLW                                  Ywlhb`mFg_wlhgm`gh
:HVHHDWUHH:HVHHLW                               Fub^bf^_j_hFub^bf_]h
(YHVHHVDVZHHW6KHVHHVLW                       Bb^bldhgn_ldmHgZb^bl_z
3HWHQHHGVDWDEOH+HQHHGVLW                        Iblmgm`_gklhe?fmhggm`_g
:jlbdev M bfzg kms_klbl_evguo djhf_ g_hij_^_ezggh]h Zjlbdey [uZ_l
hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev  WKH D@@ ?keb bfy kms_klbl_evgh_ gZqbgZ_lky k ]eZkghc
[mdulhZjlbdevijhbaghkblkyg_kdhevdhbgZq_DÖ@WKHDLPWKHDLG
        Wlhl Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky dh]^Z kh[_k_^gbdZf ba_klgh h dZdhf  ij_^f_l_
b^zlj_qvHgfh`_lmihlj_[eylvkybkg_bkqbkey_fufbbf_gZfbkms_klbl_evgufb
(DWWKHFDNH?rvwlhibjh`gh_                     +HDWWKHWHDIh^h]j_cqZc
,QHHGWKHQHHGOHFg_gm`gZwlZb]eZ             :HVHHWKHZDFub^bf^hjh]m
0D,HDWWKHFKHHVHFh`gh_klvkuj              0D(YHWDNHWKHNHBhavfzldexq
7KHVHHWKHWUHHHgbb^ylwlh^_j_h         :HSODWKHJDPHFub]jZ_fwlmb]jm
/DWKHWDEOHGZdjhcgZklhe                       0D,VHHWKHVHDFh]mymb^_lvfhj_     

        AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyI_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud
0DZHVHHWKHWHDP:HVHHDZHDNWHDP:HQHHGWKHWHDP©*UHHQ3HDFHª:HDNSHRSOH
OHDYHWKHWHDP7KHQHHGEUDYHSHRSOH0DZHZDLW:HQHHGDWDEOH0D,VHHWKH
JUHHQWDEOH3OHDVHWDNHWKHJUHWDEOH7DNHLW,QHHGDFOHDQSODWH7DNHWKHJUHHQSODWH
SOHDVH7DNHLW0DWKHHDWVZHHWVHVWKHPD,VHHDVWHDN7DNHLW(DWWKHVZHHWV
SOHDVH0D,SDLQWSHRSOHRXPDSDLQWJUHHQWUHHVVWUHHWVSHRSOHDQGDVHD

        Hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevWKHfh`_l[ulvaZf_gzgmdZaZl_evgufbf_klhbf_gbyfb
WKLVDKs@wlhlbWKDWD{t@lhli_j_^kms_klbl_evgufb_^bgkl_gghfqbke_ 
5HDGWKHIDEOH                                        IjhqblZcwlm[Zkgx
5HDGWKLVWDOH                                         IjhqblZcl_wlhljZkkdZa
0DZHUHDGWKDWWDOH                        Fh`ghfuijhqblZ_flhljZkkdZa
7HDFKPHWKLVJDPH                               GZmqbf_gywlhcb]j_
7DNHWKDWZKHHOSOHDVH                        havfblhdhe_khih`ZemcklZ


      MdZaZl_evgu_f_klhbf_gbybf_xlnhjfmfgh`_kl_ggh]hqbkeZ
      WKLVwlhlWKHVHDÖz@wlbWKDWlhlWKRVHD@uz@l_
      0D,SDLQWWKHVHWUHHV3DLQWWKRVHSOHDVH
      0DZHHDWWKHVHVZHHWVRXPDHDWWKRVHVZHHWV

       Ij_^eh]bLQKn@gmljbq_]heb[h
RQO@gZih_joghklbq_]heb[h
LQWKHVDIHk_cn_      LQWKHVWUHHWgZmebp_             LQWKHWUHHgZ^_j__
LQWKHWHDPdhfZg^_                LQWKHGUHDPhkg_                LQWKHJDPHb]j_
LQWKHODNHha_j_                  LQWKHFDVHnmleyj_              LQQHHGgm`^_
RQWKHWDEOHgZklhe_                RQWKHSODWHgZlZj_ed_             RQWKHZKHHOgZdhe_k_
RQWKHODEHOgZwlbd_ld_             RQWKHZDih^hjh]_               RQVDOHijh^Z`_
Ih^_^zfblh]b
        L_klGZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh
UDLQSODJUHDWVDWKHVWUDLJKWEUHDNEHWHDSLHFHUHDGSHDFHVOHHSQLHFHFKHDS

        L_klIjhqblZcl_g_agZdhfu_kehZIjh_jvl_k_[yihkehZjx
HDFKdZ`^ucSHDFKi_jkbdGHHS]em[hdbcUHDVRQijbqbgZVKHHWebkl

        L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyI_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud
:HVNLLQWKHILHOG7KHSDLQWJUHHQWUHHVLQWKHVWUHHW-DNHDQG3HWHSODLQWKHWHDP7KH
VNDWHDQGVNL-DQHDQG(YHHDWVWHDNVFDNHVDQGVZHHWV3OHDVHHDWWKHPHDW7KHQHHGWHD
+HDWWKHWHD7KHODEHOLVRQWKHWDEOH0DZHUHDG,ODWKHFDEOHRQWKHWDEOH,ODWKHFDNH
RQ WKH SODWH 7DNH D VHDW SOHDVH :H  QHHG WKUHH ZKHHOV :DLW HLJKW GDV 0D ZH ZDLW D
ZHHN,VHHPQLHFHLQWKHVWUHHW,EHOLHYHPFKLHI'DYHDQG3HWHGHFHLYHWKHFKLHI:H
QHHGWKHSROLFH,EHOLHYHWKHSROLFH0D,WDNHWKHVHJUHHQMHDQV7DNHWKHJUHMHDQV



                              Eve and Pete eat meat, cheese and sweet cream.
                          

                AZihfgbl_amdL@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
[mdZHhldjulhfkeh]_EHZHVKHIUHHWKUHHVHDWHDHDWSHRSOHNH
j_^dh[mdhkhq_lZgb_LHSLHFHQLHFHEULHIJULHIILHOGFKLHIWKLHIEHOLHYH
hk_fj_^dh[mdZLhldjulhfkeh]_VNLSROLFH
    k



                                                    =E::

        I. Áóêâà[ìîæåò îáîçíà÷àòü äâå ïàðû çâóêîâ: ãëóõèåks@è çâîíêèågz@
ER[bOks@dhjh[dZIR[fOks@ebkZVL[sKks@r_klvIL[fKks@ijbdj_ieylv
PL[mKks@kf_rbZlvWH[Wtekst@l_dklWD[t{ks@gZeh]WD[L2t{ksK@lZdkb
H[HUFLVH2eksKsaKz@mijZ`g_gb_H[DPKg 2z{m@wdaZf_gH[DFWKg 2z{kt@lhqguc

                   II. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåQJ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê îäèí çâóêÎ@
                        à áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåQNêàê äâà çâóêàÎk@
VRQJsOÎ@i_kgyVWURQJstrOÎ@kbevgucVSULQJsprKÎ@_kgZ
WKLQJTKÎ@_svVLQJsKÎ@i_lvEULQJbrKÎ@ijbghkblvFHLOLQJ2sÖlKÎ@ihlhehd
HYHQLQJ2ÖvniÎ@_q_j(QJOLVK2KÎglKS@Zg]ebqZgbg(QJODQG2KÎgl@nd@:g]eby
EDQNb{Îk@[ZgdWKDQNT{Îk@[eZ]h^ZjblvGULQNdrKÎk@iblv
H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_mkms_klbl_evguohfgh`_kl_gghfqbke_ihke_
rbiysbobkbklysbohdhgqZgb_HVqblZ_lkyKz@
IDFHIDFHV2feKsKz@SODFHSODFHV2pleKsKz@FDVHFDVHV2keKsKz@QLHFHQLHFHV2nÖsKz@
ER[ER[HV2bOksKz@IR[IR[HV2fOksKz@WD[WD[HV2t{ksKz@
VSHHFKVSHHFKHV2spÖ¶Kz@j_qbZLVKZLVKHV2wKSKz@ih`_eZgby

         BlZdhdhgqZgb_VqblZ_lkyihljzfZjbZglZf
 s@     SODWHVFDNHVODNHVZHHNVVKHHWVVWUHHWVVZHHWVVHDWV 
  z@    QDPHVGDVJDPHVWDOHVWDEOHVODEHOVWUHHVVHDVGUHDPVWHDPVZKHHOVVRQJV
 Kz@    FDVHVSODFHVIDFHVSLHFHVQLHFHVSHDFKHVVSHHFKHVWD[HVER[HVIR[HV

         Zg]ebckdhfyaud_bf__lky]jmiiZkms_klbl_evguomdhlhjuofgh`_kl_g
gh_qbkehh[jZam_lkyihhkh[ufijZbeZfIh^jh[g__h[wlhfkijZhqghfjZa^_e_
VKHHSSÖp@hpZVKHHSSÖp@hpu                     PDQm{n@fm`qbgZPHQmen@fm`qbgu
WKLHITÖf@hjWKLHYHVTÖvz@hju                     OHDIlÖf@ebklOHDYHVlÖvz@ebklvy

         AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
3OHDVHVLQJWKHVHVRQJV                                      Ih`ZemcklZkihcl_wlbi_kgb
RXPDWDNHWKUHHFDNHV                         ufh`_l_aylvljbibjh`guo
6KHHSHDWJUHHQOHDYHV                           Hpu_^yla_ezgu_ebklvy
7KLHYHVVWHDOWKLQJV               hjudjZ^ml_sb
,WLVDJUHDWJULHI                                           Wlh[hevrh_]hj_
7KHFKLHIVSDWD[HV                                        Wlbjmdhh^bl_ebieZlylgZeh]b
5HDGWKHH[HUFLVHVSOHDVH                                   Ih`ZemcklZijhqblZcl_mijZ`g_gby

         =eZ]heulj_lv_febp__^bgkl_ggh]hqbkeZgZklhys_]hj_f_gbihemqZxl
hdhgqZgb_  H
V  dhlhjh_  qblZ_lky  ih  l_f  `_  ijZbeZf qlh b hdhgqZgb_ V  m
kms_klbl_evguo h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ Bkdexq_gb_  ]eZ]he PD Fh^Zevgu_
]eZ]heug_bf_xlhdhgqZgbcHfh^Zevguo]eZ]heZoqblZcl_kijZhqghfjZa^_e_
s@        6KHVSHDNV(QJOLVK                   HgZ]hhjblihZg]ebckdb
 z@       +HUHDGVLQWKHHYHQLQJ           HgqblZ_l_q_jhf
 z@       ,WUDLQVLQVSULQJLQ(QJODQG                :g]ebb_kghcb^zl^h`^v
Kz@       .DWHIL[HVWKHODEHOV                    D_clijbdj_iey_lwlbd_ldb
Kz@       3HWHWHDFKHV-DQHDQG'DYH                    Iblmqbl`_cgb_cZ

         AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby
(YHUHDGV6KHUHDGVWDOHVDQGIDEOHV3HWHQHHGVWKUHHZKHHOVDQGHLJKWER[HV+HQHHGVWKH
WDEOHV0DEHOQHHGVWKUHHFDNHVDQGWKUHHVWHDNV6KHPDWDNHWKHFDNHVDQGWKHVWHDNV-DQH
WHDFKHV(QJOLVK.DWHSDLQWVSHRSOHVWUHHWVDQGODNHV'DYHSDLQWVIDFHV-DNHIL[HVWKHODEHOV
,WUDLQVLQ0D3HWHHDWVSHDFKHV+HPDWDNHWKUHHSODWHV7KHWHDPVSODLQ(QJODQG

More Related Content

What's hot

Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
ghulamenabi786
 
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
ghulamenabi786
 
Islami aqeedah
Islami aqeedahIslami aqeedah
Islami aqeedah
Fahad Javed
 
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
Иван Иванов
 
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответырусский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
Иван Иванов
 
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgerami
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgeramiAllama ghulam ali aazad bilgerami
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgeramiMushahid Razvi
 
Umahat ul momineen
Umahat ul momineenUmahat ul momineen
Umahat ul momineen
Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
 
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat ghulamenabi786
 
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf hoHuqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
dawateislami
 
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_newрусский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
Иван Иванов
 
Hijree tareekh
Hijree tareekhHijree tareekh
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلوماتپانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
Ilyas Qadri Ziaee
 
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
Martinkay99
 
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
nabeelsahab
 
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
ghulamenabi786
 
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaalAsr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
 
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic LibraryUmrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
 

What's hot (19)

Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
Tafseer surah e ikhlas in urdu by Ehsan ullah qadri
 
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
Mukhtaser Muta imam muhammad
 
Islami aqeedah
Islami aqeedahIslami aqeedah
Islami aqeedah
 
юнг архетип и символ
юнг архетип и символюнг архетип и символ
юнг архетип и символ
 
24234
2423424234
24234
 
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
гдз. русский язык 5кл ладыженская 2000
 
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответырусский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
русский язык 9кл разумовская 2001_ответы
 
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgerami
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgeramiAllama ghulam ali aazad bilgerami
Allama ghulam ali aazad bilgerami
 
Umahat ul momineen
Umahat ul momineenUmahat ul momineen
Umahat ul momineen
 
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat
Taraveeh Aur Shakok o Shubhat
 
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf hoHuqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
Huqooq ul ebaad kesay muaaf ho
 
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_newрусский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
русский язык 8кл разумовская 2001_ответы_new
 
Hijree tareekh
Hijree tareekhHijree tareekh
Hijree tareekh
 
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلوماتپانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
پانی کے بارے میں اہم معلومات
 
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
Belief in The Finality of Prophethood - (Urdu)
 
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
187 Takhlees Usoo Le Shashi - brelvi madaris
 
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
Book of Hadees with sharha urdu
 
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaalAsr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
Asr e-hazir mein ruyate hilaal
 
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic LibraryUmrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
Umrah ka tariqah || Australian Islamic Library
 

Viewers also liked

Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev Manovich
Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev ManovichEls nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev Manovich
Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev ManovichAmidala00
 
Final fundraising lecture
Final fundraising lectureFinal fundraising lecture
Final fundraising lecturenaymami
 
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
Affluens
 
Graficas
GraficasGraficas
Graficas
Carlos Valles
 
555 bhxh-thu
555 bhxh-thu555 bhxh-thu
555 bhxh-thuquynhvu88
 
Aristocratic Hotel
Aristocratic HotelAristocratic Hotel
Aristocratic Hotel
Rahim Mahmoud
 
Pelestarian mahluk hidup
Pelestarian mahluk hidupPelestarian mahluk hidup
Pelestarian mahluk hidup
SDN. Mangga Dua Selatan 01 Pagi
 
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhanSlide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
SDN. Mangga Dua Selatan 01 Pagi
 
Perkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
Perkembangan Provinsi di IndonesiaPerkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
Perkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
SDN. Mangga Dua Selatan 01 Pagi
 
Gamining strategies for operators v2
Gamining strategies for operators v2Gamining strategies for operators v2
Gamining strategies for operators v2Benjamin SCHWARZ
 
Marx ideologiaalemana
Marx ideologiaalemanaMarx ideologiaalemana
Marx ideologiaalemanamediolimon
 
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio ExcepcionalCertificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
Kay Valenzuela Experta en Experiencias de Servicio Conferencista
 
Economics championship iv fe unp
Economics championship iv fe unpEconomics championship iv fe unp
Economics championship iv fe unp
Tila17
 
Colonies Infantil
Colonies InfantilColonies Infantil
Colonies Infantilceipelspins
 
Eco escolas 11 12
Eco escolas 11 12Eco escolas 11 12
Eco escolas 11 12Ema_Salero
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev Manovich
Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev ManovichEls nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev Manovich
Els nous mitjans de comunicació - Lev Manovich
 
FG5MediaKit_Dou
FG5MediaKit_DouFG5MediaKit_Dou
FG5MediaKit_Dou
 
Final fundraising lecture
Final fundraising lectureFinal fundraising lecture
Final fundraising lecture
 
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
2016 05 24 rg coeurcode presentation publique
 
Graficas
GraficasGraficas
Graficas
 
555 bhxh-thu
555 bhxh-thu555 bhxh-thu
555 bhxh-thu
 
AriHotel
AriHotelAriHotel
AriHotel
 
Aristocratic Hotel
Aristocratic HotelAristocratic Hotel
Aristocratic Hotel
 
Pelestarian mahluk hidup
Pelestarian mahluk hidupPelestarian mahluk hidup
Pelestarian mahluk hidup
 
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhanSlide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
Slide perkembangbiakan tumbuhan
 
Perkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
Perkembangan Provinsi di IndonesiaPerkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
Perkembangan Provinsi di Indonesia
 
Evaluacion de periodo 7e
Evaluacion de periodo 7eEvaluacion de periodo 7e
Evaluacion de periodo 7e
 
Gamining strategies for operators v2
Gamining strategies for operators v2Gamining strategies for operators v2
Gamining strategies for operators v2
 
Marx ideologiaalemana
Marx ideologiaalemanaMarx ideologiaalemana
Marx ideologiaalemana
 
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio ExcepcionalCertificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
Certificación Internacional Estrategias en Servicio Excepcional
 
Presentación1
Presentación1Presentación1
Presentación1
 
OdontologíA Neurofocal
OdontologíA NeurofocalOdontologíA Neurofocal
OdontologíA Neurofocal
 
Economics championship iv fe unp
Economics championship iv fe unpEconomics championship iv fe unp
Economics championship iv fe unp
 
Colonies Infantil
Colonies InfantilColonies Infantil
Colonies Infantil
 
Eco escolas 11 12
Eco escolas 11 12Eco escolas 11 12
Eco escolas 11 12
 

чтение правила

  • 1. D :lhjD_ke_jLZlvygZIZehgZ J_^ZdlhjBevbgXjbcZkbev_bq dZg^b^Zlnbeheh]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gldZn_^jubghkljZgguoyaudh Gb`_]hjh^kdhc:dZ^_fbbFJN J_p_ga_glu=jb[dhZ;IdZg^b^Zlnbeheh]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gl aZ_^mxsZydZn_^jhcbghkljZgguoyaudhGBJH H[_j_fdhH=dZg^b^Zli_^Z]h]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_glaZ_^mxsZydZn_^jhc f_lh^bdbij_ih^ZZgbybghkljZgguoyaudhG=EMbfG:h[jhex[hZ RZfh:GdZg^b^Zli_^Z]h]bq_kdbogZmd^hp_gldZn_^juf_lh^bdb ij_ih^ZZgbybghkljZgguoyaudhG=EMbfG:h[jhex[hZ :lhjbdhee_dlbj_^ZdpbbujZ`Zxlbkdj_ggxx [eZ]h^Zjghklvih^^Zgghfm_ebdh[jblZgbb FZ]bkljmBkdmkkl`hgZlZgmFZ^^_gmHdknhj^
  • 2. aZ_kvfZp_ggu_dhgkmevlZpbb Ihkh[b_bf__lk_jlbnbdZl‹hlfZjlZ]u^ZggucgZmqgh f_lh^bq_kdbfwdki_jlgufkh_lhfGBJH D_ke_jLI©FumqbfkyqblZlvihZg]ebckdbªGb`gbcGh]hjh^] Ihkh[b_ ^ey ajhkeuo b ^_l_c gzf kbkl_fgh baeh`_gu hkghu ql_gby b ijZhibkZgbyhkghui_j_h^Zhkghu]jZffZlbdbHghij_^gZagZq_gh^eyl_odlhgZqbgZ_l bamqZlv Zg]ebckdbc yaud Z lZd`_ ^ey l_o dlh _]h hkghZl_evgh aZ[ue Ihkh[b_ fh`_l [ulv bkihevahZghmq_[guoaZ_^_gbyojZagh]hlbiZdZd^hiheg_gb_dhkghghfmf_lh^bq_kdhfm dhfie_dkm ‹D_ke_jLI] ,6%1 k_ijZZaZsbs_guaZdhghfJN©H[ZlhjkdhfijZ_ª LbjZ`bjhZgb_ijZhf_jghlhevdhkibkvf_ggh]hjZaj_r_gbyZlhjZ
  • 3. HlZlhjZ WlZ dgb]Z ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey k_o dlh mf__l qblZlv ihjmkkdb b ohl_e [u gZmqblvky qblZlv ihZg]ebckdb ?keb u mf__l_ qblZlv gZ h^ghf yaud_ lh [_a khfg_gby kfh`_l_ qblZlv b gZ ^jm]bo yaudZo fbj_ `bzl g_fZeh ]emobo ex^_c kmf_rbo h[mqblvky g_kdhevdbf bghkljZgguf yaudZf G_ lhevdh qblZlv gh b ]hhjblv G_bkq_jiZ_fu q_eh_q_kdb_ hafh`ghklb Ebrv [u [ueh lzj^h_ `_eZgb_ gZmqblvkyh[sZlvkygZbghkljZgghfyaud_ Ql_gb_ ² _kvfZ keh`gh_ mf_gb_ kjh^gb mf_gbx b]jZlv gZ dZdhfeb[h fmaudZevghfbgkljmf_gl_k_fihgylghqlh[ugZmqblvkybkihegylvgZ nhjl_ivygh keh`gu_iv_kugm`ghaZljZlblvg_fZehmkbebcgZkdmqgu_]Zffuwlx^ubihemqblv we_f_glZjgu_ k_^_gby h fmaud_ LZd b k ql_gb_f Lj_[m_lky fgh`_klh mq_[guo ihkh[bcqlh[ugZmqblvky[ukljhbijZbevghqblZlv^Z`_gZjh^ghfyaud_g_]hhjy m`_ h[ bghkljZgghf H[mq_gb_ ql_gbx gZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ aZljm^gy_lky l_f qlh dZ`^uc amd ]jZnbq_kdb fh]ml h[hagZqZlv g_kdhevdh [md beb [mdhkhq_lZgbc G_j_^dh h^gZ b lZ `_ [mdZ h[hagZqZ_l g_kdhevdh jZaguo amdh KZfhklhyl_evgh jZah[jZlvkywlhckbkl_f_hq_gvljm^gh GZrZaZ^ZqZkhklhbllhfqlh[ukhh[sblvwe_f_glZjgu_k_^_gbyhijZbeZo ql_gbygZZg]ebckdhfyaud_bihfhqvgZmqblvkykhhlghkblv]jZnbq_kdbch[jZakehZk _]hamqZgb_fA^_kv`_ugZc^_l_b_kvfZihe_agu_mijZ`g_gby kijZhqghfjZa^_e_ij_^klZe_guh[h[sZxsb_k_^_gbyihql_gbx]eZkguo bkh]eZkguo[mdijbf_ju ij_^eh`_gbc jZaguo ]jZffZlbq_kdbo j_f_gZo Z lZd`_ lZ[ebpuZg]ebckdbohfhgbfhZglhgbfhbfgh]h_^jm]h_ jZa^_e_ ©kydZy kyqbgZª xgu_ nbeheh]b ]_h]jZnu [bheh]b kfh]ml gZclb ^eyk_[yg_fZehbgl_j_kgh]h dZq_kl_ ghjfZlbgh]h Zg]ebckdh]h ijhbaghr_gby aylh mklhyr__ky ijhbaghr_gb_ lZdh_ dZdbf hgh ij_^klZe_gh gZb[he__ ihimeyjguo [jblZgkdbo kehZjyoZlZd`_[hevrbgkl_kehZj_cba^ZgguoJhkkbb Wlh ihkh[b_ ijb]h^blky rdhevgbdZf b klm^_glZf jh^bl_eyf mq_gbdh b [bag_kf_gZf ² kehhf k_f dlh `_eZ_l memqrblv l_ogbdm ql_gby gZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_Zhkh[_gghl_fdlhlhevdhijbklmiZ_ld_]hbamq_gbx Zggh_ihkh[b_fh`_lkhq_lZlvkykex[ufbmq_[gufbdhfie_dkZfb
  • 4. :g]ebckdbcZenZbl EZlbgkdbc I_qZlgucrjbnl Ihemi_qZlgu_rjbnlu Jmdhibkgucrjbnl ZenZbl $D [eK] $D $D $D $ Z %E [bÖ] %E %E %E % [w F [sÖ] F F F pw 'G [dÖ] 'G 'G 'G ' ^w (H [Ö] (H (H (H ( w )I [ef] )I )I )I ) wn *J [³Ö] *J *J *J * `_ +K [eK¶] +K +K +K + Zr ,L [aK] ,L ,L ,L , b -M [³eK] -M -M -M - chl`b
  • 5. .N [keK] .N .N .N . dZ /O [el] /O /O /O / wev 0P [em] 0P 0P 0P 0 wf 1Q [en] 1Q 1Q 1Q 1 wg 2R [@u] 2R 2R 2R 2 h 3S [pÖ] 3S 3S 3S 3 iw 4T [kjü] 4T 4T 4T 4 dm 5U [Ó] 5U 5U 5U 5 wj 6V [es] 6V 6V 6V 6 wk 7W [tÖ] 7W 7W 7W 7 lw 8X [jü] 8X 8X 8X 8 m 9Y [vÖ] 9Y 9Y 9Y 9 w :Z [döbljü] :Z :Z :Z : ^m[evw ;[ [eks] ;[ ;[ ;[ ; bdk [waK] b]j_d =] [zed] =] =] =] = a_l
  • 6. JZa^_eQlhgm`ghagZlvij_`^_q_fijbklmiZlvdql_gbx ;mdubamdb K q_]h gZqZlv h[mq_gb_ ql_gbx _keb m Zk ihybehkv lzj^h_ j_r_gb_ h[mqblvky bghkljZgghc ]jZfhl_ Dhg_qgh `_ k ZenZblZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ bkihevam_lky eZlbgkdbc ZenZbl Lhl kZfuc dhlhjuc bkihevam_lky h njZgpmakdhf g_f_pdhfb^jm]boyaudZobdhlhjucagZdhfk_frdhevgbdZfbamjhdhfZl_fZlbdb Ihkfhljbl_ gbfZl_evgh lZ[ebqdm k Zg]ebckdbf b eZlbgkdbf ZenZblhf b kjZgbl_ gZaZgby[md Fu b^bf qlh Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ [mdu gZauZxlky ih^jm]hfm ey kh]eZkguo wlh g_ bf__l [hevrh]h agZq_gby ihkdhevdm hgb hkghghf h[hagZqZxl l_ `_amdbqlhgZijbf_jbg_f_pdhfyaud_Z`ghohjhrhagZlvgZaZgbyZg]ebckdbo ]eZkguoihkdhevdm[_awlh]hg_hafh`ghgZmqblvkyqblZlvLjm^ghklvkhklhbllhf qlh ]eZkgu_ [mdu jZaguo ihabpbyo qblZxlky ihjZaghfm qlh b uauZ_l [hevrb_ ljm^ghklbGhdZd]hhjblkyl_ji_gb_bljm^kzi_j_ljml BlZdZg]ebckdhfk_]h[mdZamdhagZqbl_evgh[hevr_² JZkoh`^_gby f_`^m gZibkZgb_f kehZ b _]h ijhbaghr_gb_f bgh]^Z hq_gv agZqbl_evgu :g]ebqZg_ rmlyl qlh hgb ibrml FZgq_kl_j Z qblZxl Eb_jimev hl ihq_fmZg]ebckdhfyaud_hkh[_ggh[hevrmxjhevb]jZ_lljZgkdjbipbylh]^ZdZd g_f_pdhf d g_c ijb[_]Zxl kjZgbl_evgh j_^dh Ihkl_i_ggh ijhp_kk_ bamq_gby ijZbeql_gbyhkhcl_ljZgkdjbipbxbhgZklZg_lZrbf_jgufihfhsgbdhf LjZgkdjbipb_c gZauZ_lky i_j_^ZqZ amdh ki_pbZevgufb agZqdZfb. DZ`^hfm amdm khhl_lklm_l kljh]h hij_^_e_gguc agZd AgZdb nhg_lbq_kdhc ljZgkdjbipbb aZdexqZxlkydZ^jZlgu_kdh[dbW@ Hkghgh_ m^Zj_gb_ keh_ h[hagZqZ_lky agZdhf 2@ dhlhjuc klZblky i_j_^ m^Zjgufkeh]hflhjh_m^Zj_gb__kebhgh_klvklZblkygbam@ LjZgkdjbipbykh]eZkguoamdh ;hevrbgklhkh]eZkguoamdhi_j_^Z_lky[mdZfbeZlbgkdh]hZenZblZ W@ ² khhl_lklm_l jmkkdhfm l gh ijhbaghkblky j_adh k ijb^uoZgb_f [_a ]hehkZ Wlhijhbkoh^blaZkqzllh]hqlhdhgqbdyaudZj_adhdZkZ_lkyZev_he²rbr_q_dgZ^ am[ZfbIjb^uoZgb_g_^he`ghij_jZsZlvamdq d@ ² khhl_lklm_l jmkkdhfm ^ gh lZd`_ ijhbaghkblky k ijb^uoZgb_f ihkdhevdm h[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fyaudZdZev_heZf n@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmgghh[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fyaudZdZev_heZf
  • 7. l@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmeghh[jZam_lkyijbdhkgh_gb_fdhgqbdZyaudZd Zev_heZfaZkqzlq_]hhgyey_lky[he__gZijy`zggufq_fjmkkdbcamdHggbdh]^Z g_kfy]qZ_lkybhklZ_lkyl_j^ufbgZijy`zggufex[hcihabpbb k@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmdgh[he__j_adbcbrmfguc g@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm]gh[he__wg_j]bqguc p@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmighijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqghkijb^uoZgb_f b@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm[ghijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqgh f@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmngh[he__gZijy`zgguc v@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmgh[he__gZijy`zgguc s@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmk z@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfma h@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmoghf_g__rmfgucijhbaghkblkygZe_]dhfu^ho_ r@ ² hl^Zezggh gZihfbgZ_l jmkkdbc amd j gh ijhbaghkblky [_a b[jZpbc yaudZ DhgqbdyaudZaZ]b[Z_lky_jodgz[mghg_dZkZ_lky_]hlZdhfiheh`_gbbihiulZc l_kvkdZaZlvamd`Ih`ZemcwlhkZfucljm^guckh]eZkgucamdZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ D@²ihoh`_]hamdZjmkkdhfyaud_g_lGm`ghke_]dZaZ`ZlvdhgqbdyaudZf_`^m am[ZfbbkdZaZlva=m[uijbwlhfg_^b]ZxlkybgZq_ijhbahc^_lbkdZ`_gb_amdZ T@²wlhlamdlh`_f_`am[gucgh]emohcKdZ`bl_kaZ`ZdhgqbdyaudZam[Zfb =m[uijbwlhf^b]Zlvkyg_^he`gu Î@ ² wlh ghkhhc amd ihoh`bc gZ g gh ijhbaghkblky ih^jm]hfm dhgqbd yaudZ ijb`Zldgb`gbfam[ZfZ_]hkibgdZijb`ZlZdfy]dhfmgz[mdZd_keb[uuohl_eb ijhbag_klb]BebijhklhihiulZcl_kvijhbag_klbfg_kfudZyijbwlhf]m[ j@²[ebahddamdmckeh_fhcijhbag_kzgghfmrzihlhfgh[he__gZijy`zggh S@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmrghqmlvfy]q_ [Z ]²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfm`ghqmlvfy]q_ [¶ ]²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmqghijhbaghkblky[he__wg_j]bqgh [³] ² g_ bf__l khhl_lklby jmkkdhf yaud_ Hg h[jZam_lky lZd `_ dZd b q gh yey_lkyahgdbfAmdG@dZd[ugZdeZ^uZ_lkygZamdZ@ w@ ² g_ bf__l khhl_lklby jmkkdhf yaud_ Wlhl amd klj_qZ_lky lhevdh i_j_^ ]eZkgufb Qlh[u _]h ijhbag_klb gm`gh ulygmlv ]m[u i_jz^ dZd [u ]hlhykv ijh bag_klbjmkkdbcamdmaZl_fwg_j]bqghu^uoZyha^moijhbag_klbke_^mxsbcaZ gbf]eZkgucamd_jogb_am[uijbwlhfg_^he`gudZkZlvkygb`g_c]m[u H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_ Zg]ebckdb_ kh]eZkgu_ g_ kfy]qZxlky b g_ h]emrZxlky Ahgdb_kh]eZkgu_^Z`_dhgp_kehZijhbaghkylkyahgdh?kebu[m^_l_h]emrZlv ahgdb_kh]eZkgu_lhmZkihemqblkykhk_f^jm]h_kehhZkg_ihcfml
  • 8. LjZgkdjbipby]eZkguoamdh Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ [hevrh_ agZq_gb_ bf__l ^he]hlZ ]eZkguo hgZ iheghklvx f_gy_lagZq_gb_kehZGZijbf_jjmkkdhfyaud_g_klhevZ`ghdZduijhbaghkbl_ kehh rbi Fh`_l_ lygmlv b kdhevdh m]h^gh wlh [m^_l bf_lv ebrv wfhpbhgZevgh_ agZq_gb_Mf_gy[hevrhcrbbbi[hlbgd_ Zg]ebckdhf`_yaud_ ihoh`__ kehhk djZldbf amdhf [K] [m^_l h[hagZqZlv dhjZ[ev Zk ^he]bfamdhfÖ@ — hpm.Qlh[ug_ imlZlvdhjZ[evkhphckh[ex^Zcl_^he]hlmbdjZldhklv]eZkguo[md ?keb ihke_ nhg_lbq_kdh]h agZdZ klhyl ^_ lhqdb lh wlh hagZqZ_l qlh amd ^he]bcD@?kebbog_llhamddjZldbc u@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmmkeh_imlv=m[uijb_]hijhbag_k_gbbg_uiyqbZxlky u@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmmkeh_ fmeijhbag_kzgghfmijhly`gh=m[uijb _]hijhbag_k_gbbg_uiyqbZxlky O@ ² [ebahd d jmkkdhfm amdm h keh_ [hd Ijb _]h ijhbag_k_gbb ]m[u g_ hdjm]eyxlkyyaude_`bliehkdhhjlmdZdijbijhbag_k_gbbamdZZ þ@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmhkeh_[hev_keb_]hkdZaZlvijhly`ghAmd^he]bc]em [hdbcgh]m[uijb_]hijhbag_k_gbbg_ulygmlu ö@²khhl_lklm_ljmkkdhfmdjZldhfmZkeh_[Zf a@²gZihfbgZ_l^he]bcZdhlhjucba^ZxliZpb_gludh]^ZjZqhkfZljbZ_l]hjeh {@ ² khhl_lklby jmkkdhf yaud_ g_ bf__l Ijb ijhbag_k_gbb dhgqbd yaudZ dZkZ_lky gb`gbo am[h kj_^gyy qZklv yaudZ u]gmlZ q_exklv hims_gZ Ij_^klZvl_ k_[_lZdhfiheh`_gbbuohl_ebkdZaZlvZghihke_^gbcfhf_glkdZaZebw e@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmwkeh_wlb K@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmbkeh_ibd i@²[ebahddjmkkdhfmamdmbkeh_bZ_keb_]hijhbag_klbijhly`gh ý@²khhl_lklmxs_]hamdZjmkkdhfyaud_g_bf__lkyGZihfbgZ_lamdzkeh_ fz^ _keb hl[jhkblv amd f Ijb _]h ijhbag_k_gbb dhgqbd yaudZ gZoh^blky m gb`gbo am[h]m[uke_]dZjZklygmluf_`^m_jogbfbbgb`gbfbam[Zfbg_[hevrZys_ev @@²g_ykgucg_cljZevgucamdg_qlhkj_^g__f_`^mZb_LZdhcamdoZjZdl_j_g ^eyfgh]bojmkkdbo]eZkguo[_am^Zjghfiheh`_gbb Zg]ebckdhfyaud_bf_xlkykeh`gu_]eZkgu_amdbdhlhju_khklhyl ba ^mo amdhqblZxsbokykeblghdZdh^bgamdkm^Zj_gb_fgZi_jhfamd_Wlbkeh`gu_ ]eZkgu_amdbgZauZxlky^bnlhg]Zfb eK@²gZihfbgZ_lkhq_lZgb_]eZkguokeh_i_c aK@²gZihfbgZ_lkhq_lZgb_jmkkdbo]eZkguokeh_iZc oK@² gZihfbgZ_l khq_lZgb_ ]eZkguo keh_ [hc gh ijb ijhbag_k_gbb h ]m[u g_ hdjm]eyxlkyZlhjufwe_f_glhfyey_lkydjZldbcamdb
  • 9. E@@²i_jucamdwlh]h^bnlhg]Zihoh`gZjmkkdbcamdwkeh_wlhllhjhcamd ihoh`gZg_m^ZjgucZkeh_l_ZljZeM^Zj_gb_iZ^Z_lgZi_jucwe_f_gl K@@ ² i_juc amd wlh]h ^bnlhg]Z gZihfbgZ_l djZldbc jmkkdbc amd b dhlhjuc ihkl_i_gghi_j_oh^blg_cljZevgucamdM^Zj_gb_gZi_jhfamd_ @u@²khklhblbadjZldh]hhldjulh]hamdZO@i_j_oh^ys_]hdjZldbcamdu@Ijb ijhbag_k_gbbO@]m[ug_hdjm]eyxlkyijbijhbag_k_gbbX@g_uiyqbZxlkyi_j_^ au@²ihoh`gZkhq_lZgb_jmkkdboamdhZm]^_lhjhcamdhq_gvdjZldbcm^Zj_gb_ iZ^Z_lgZi_jucamddZdbf_gb2FZm]eb u@@ ² i_juc amd wlh]h ^bnlhg]Z gZihfbgZ_l djZldbc jmkkdbc amd m ijhbag_kzgguc [_a uiyqbZgby ]m[ b ihkl_i_ggh i_j_oh^ysbc g_cljZevguc amd M^Zj_gb_iZ^Z_lgZi_jucamd hl u b ihagZdhfbebkv k ljZgkdjbipb_c L_i_jv u fh`_l_ _jgmlvky d Zg]ebckdhfmZenZblmbgbfZl_evghkijZbevgufijhbaghr_gb_fijhqblZlv[mdu Gm`gh agZlv Zg]ebckdbc ZenZbl [_amij_qgh u ^he`gu mf_lv magZZlv [mdu gZibkZggu_ex[ufrjbnlhfgZauZlvboex[hfihjy^d_Ijh_jvl_k_[y ($,8*-.4*+59:97/=3%01'*-6=+6+2$()5,3-. 7'942.,$289354*-)10'%7$%/),9:).4+8$(2,$35 MKGV]FDHLJKWIYZOEPLJKVKUWFKLHDRVW[]GEJWIFXYQWYSTUZIYRDLTSP OJ KMYHLDEDGONLPQZMV]WJILDHUWIYJEQPNOKQPRVD]JGEGDE gZklhys__ j_fy ijb ibkvf_ bkihevam_lky ihemi_qZlguc rjbnl ij_`gbc jmdhibkguc rjbnl mihlj_[ey_lky kz j_`_ GZibrbl_ dZ`^mx [mdm ZenZblZ ih kljhqd_ihemi_qZlgufrjbnlhf Ih kehZjx u fh`_l_ ihiulZlvky ijhqblZlv g_dhlhju_ kehZ himklbf Zf ihiZehkvkehhGDXJKWHUddhlhjhfmubih^klmiblvkyg_agZ_l_dZdGhaZ]eygbl_ ljZgkdjbipbxbuh[gZjm`bl_qlhhghqblZ_lkyijhklhg_fk_]hq_luj_amdZ 2dþt@@Lhevdh djhihlebZy jZ[hlZ fh`_l Zf ihfhqv heZ^_gbb ljZgkdjbipb_c. ?keb u ihevam_l_kv g_kdhevdbfb kehZjyfb lh fh`_l_ aZf_lblv qlh ljZgkdjbipby h^gh]h b lh]h `_ kehZ fh`_l g_ khiZ^Zlv jZaebqguo ba^Zgbyo GZijbf_j[he__jZggboba^Zgbyo^bnlhg]@u@h[hagZqZekydZdou@ M g_dhlhjuo keh fh`_l hlkmlklhZlv amd @@ dhlhjuc lZd`_ bgh]^Z h[hagZqZ_lky kdh[dZo 2rÓzb@
  • 10. rK@ fZebgZ Kdh[db ih^kdZauZxl qlh h[Z ZjbZglZ ijhbaghr_gby hafh`gu 2rÓzb@rK@ b 2rÓzbrK@ LZdb_ jZaebqby ljZgkdjbipbb hljZ`Zxlihklhygghbaf_gyxsb_kyghjfuijhbaghr_gby`bhcj_qb ;ueh [u mlhfbl_evgh qblZlv dZ`^h_ kehh k ihfhsvx ljZgkdjbipbb ?klv ijZbeZagZgb_dhlhjuoihfh]Z_lheZ^_lvl_ogbdhcql_gbyEmqr_k_]hgZqbgZlvk ql_gby keh wlh ihfh`_l ijbkihkh[blv j_q_hc ZiiZjZl d Zg]ebckdhfm ijhbaghr_gbx
  • 11. KZfh_ ljm^gh_ ² wlh hkhblv ijZbeZ ql_gby ]eZkguo [md ihkdhevdm hgb jZaguoihabpbyoqblZxlkyihjZaghfmBoql_gb_aZbkblhllbiZkeh]ZJZaebqZxlljb lbiZkeh]Zi_juchldjuluclhjhcaZdjuluckeh]bijhklhlj_lbclbikeh]Z hldjulhfkeh]_]eZkgu_[mduqblZxlkylZddZdhgbgZauZxlky DeK@HÖ@LaK@R@u@Xjü@bebü@ aZdjulhfkeh]_l_`_]eZkgu_qblZxlkym`_ih^jm]hfm D{@He@LK@RO@Xö@ lj_lv_flbi_keh]Zkhk_fbgu_ijZbeZql_gby]eZkguo Djhf_ lh]h dZ`^Zy ]eZkgZy khq_lZgbb k ^jm]bfb [mdZfb fh`_l h[hagZqZlv jZaebqgu_amdbBgh]^Zh^bgblhl`_amdfh`_lh[hagZqZlvkyg_kdhevdbfb[mdZfb beb[mdhkhq_lZgbyfbDjhihlebZyjZ[hlZihfh`_ljZah[jZlvkykhk_fbijZbeZfb ZZcl_ihijh[m_ff_kl_ihklbqvaZdhghf_jghklvql_gby]eZkguo[md k_ebagZxlqlhlZdh_hldjuluckeh]HldjulufgZauZ_lkykeh] Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcgbq_]hg_ke_^m_lPHmÖ@KHhÖ@ Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcke_^m_l]eZkgZy[mdZh[uqghg_qblZ_fZyWHDtÖ@ Dh]^Zihke_]eZkghcke_^m_lkh]eZkgZyghaZg_ckghZ]eZkgZyh[uqghg_qblZ_fZy QDPHneKm@WDNHteKk@GDWHdeKt@ JZa^_eHl[mdu²damdmhlamdZ²d[mdZf Ij_`^_ q_f ijbklmiblv d bamq_gbx ijZbe ql_gby ]eZkguo [md hldjulhf keh]_gm`ghgZmqblvkyqblZlvkh]eZkgu_[mdukhhl_lklbbkljZgkdjbipb_c EE@ SS@ GG@ WW@ JJ@ NN@ YY@ II@ KK@ OO@ PP@ QQ@ UU@ ZZ@ M³@ ;mdZ V gZqZe_ kehZ b ihke_ ]emobo kh]eZkguo qblZ_lky ]emoh V@ Z ihke_ ]eZkguobahgdbokh]eZkguoahgdhz@;mdZFqZs_k_]hqblZ_lkyN@^_[mdu WKg_j_^dhh[hagZqZxlamdD@Ljm^gucamdg_h[uqguc^eyjmkkdh]hyaudZ ^Zevg_cr_fijZbeZql_gby[md[m^mlh[hagZq_gujbfkdbfbpbnjZfb Dh]^Z ijbklmibl_ d ql_gbx keh ihfgbl_ qlh dZ`^hf keh_ qblZ_lky ebrv i_jZy]eZkgZy[mdZyeyxsZykym^ZjghcgZ^jm]b_]eZkgu_g_h[jZsZcl_gbfZgby ;mdZHdhgp_kehZihqlbgbdh]^Zg_qblZ_lky__gZauZxlg_fhc]eZkghc Ijbf_qZgb_ kdmqgh qblZlv kehZ g_ bf_y ij_^klZe_gby h[ bo agZq_gbb Fu ijbh^bff_kl_khkehhfh^ghba_]hagZq_gbcmijZ`g_gbyowlbkehZfh]ml[ulv b ^jm]bo agZq_gbyo DZ`^hfm mqZs_fmky g_h[oh^bfh jZabZlv mf_gb_ jZkihagZlv ghh_agZq_gb_keh_kvki_dljagZq_gbcex[h]hkehZufh`_l_magZlvkehZjyo
  • 12. =E:: ,;mdZDhldjulhfkeh]_qblZ_lkyeK@ WDNH[jZlv EUDNHlhjfha ODdeZklv PDNH^_eZlv ODNHha_jh GD^_gv JDPHb]jZ DLGihfhsv VDkdZaZlv QDPHbfy UDLQ^h`^v VWDhklZlvky SODWHlZj_edZ ZDLW`^Zlv SDieZlblv ODWHiha^gh SDLQ[hev PDfhqv FDNHibjh`gh_ SDLQWjbFhZlv ZD^hjh]Z KDWHg_gZb^_lv SODb]jZlv ODEHOleKbl@wlbd_ldZ EUDYHojZ[juc SUDfheblvky WUDLQlj_gbjhZlvky VDYHkiZkZlv VSUD[jua]b VNDWHdZlZlvkygZdhgvdZo Bkdexq_gb_KDYHh{v@bf_lv Fub^bfqlh[mdZDb[mdhkhq_lZgbyDLDh[hagZqZxlh^bgblhl`_ ^bnlhg]eK@Ihfgbl_qlhljZgkdjbipbbi_j_^ZzlkyebrvamqZgb_kehZ WDNHteKk@UDLQreKn@GDdeK@FDNHkeKk@VWUDLJKWstreKt@ijyfhc ihke_^g_f keh_ ^_ [mdu JK yeyxlky g_qblZ_fufb Hgb g_ qblZxlky ihqlbhk_oZg]ebckdbokehZoIhklZjZcl_kvg_h[jZsZlvgZgbogbfZgb_ AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ihiZfylbljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh ODWHKDWHVNDWHVWUDLJKWWUDLQVDYHZDLWVWDSDQDPHGDWHFDNHEUDYHSDLQW DklZlbfuagZ_fqlhVgZqZe_kehZqblZ_lky]emohs@VDYHseKv@Zf_`^m ]eZkgufbqZs_k_]hahgdhz@UDLVHreKz@ih^gbfZlvGh_klvbkdexq_gbyFDVHkeKs@ dhjh[dZEDVHbeKs@hkghZKehZk[mdhcVf_`^m]eZkgufbijh_jycl_ihkehZjx ,,Áóêâà Dïåðåä áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåì EO ÷èòàåòñÿeK@ DEOHeKbl@kihkh[guc VDEOHseKbl@kh[hev WDEOHteKbl@klhe VWDEOHsteKbl@ijhqguc IDEOHfeKbl@[Zkgy FDEOHkeKbl@dZ[_ev III. ÄèôòîíãeK@îáîçíà÷àþò è äðóãèå áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿ: HHLJUHgreK@k_jucWKHDeK@hgbHLJKWeKt@hk_fvZHLJKWweKt@_k hq_gvj_^dhHDJUHDWgreKt@[hevrhcEUHDNbreKk@ehfZlvVWHDNsteKk@[bnrl_dk AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_kehZkhamdhfei@ PDNHQDPHWDNHPDZDVWUDLJKWDLPDEOHJUHVWHDNWKHZHLJKWJUHDWEUDNHEUHDN
  • 13. H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_ kehZ EUDNH EUHDN ibrmlky ihjZaghfm gh qblZxlky h^bgZdhhWlhhfhgbfuIh^jh[g__hgboijhqblZcl_kijZhqghfjZa^_e_ Amd eK@ bf__lky `_gkdbo bf_gZo .DWH keKt@ D_cl -DQH ³eKn@ `_cg 0DEHO meKbl@ F_c[e fm`kdbo bf_gZo 'DYH deKv@ _c -DNH ³eKk@ `_cd gZaZgbyof_kyp_0DmeK@fZc$SULO 2eKprKl@Zij_evDklZlbgZaZgbyf_kyp_b ^g_cg_^_ebibrmlkykaZ]eZghc[mdu Dh_qlhh[Zg]ebckdboij_^eh`_gbyo eylh]hqlh[uqblZlvbihgbfZlvij_^eh`_gbygm`ghbf_lvij_^klZe_gb_h ]jZffZlbq_kdhfkljh_yaudZ :g]ebckdh_kehhg_j_^dhfh`_l[ulvbkms_klbl_evgufbijbeZ]Zl_evgufb ]eZ]hehfh^ghcblhc`_nhjf_ BglhgZpby ih_klhZl_evgh]h ij_^eh`_gby bf__l gbkoh^ysbc lhg lh _klv ijhbkoh^blihkl_i_ggh_ihgb`_gb_]hehkZddhgpmij_^eh`_gby Kem`_[gu_kehZZjlbdebkhxauij_^eh]b
  • 14. yeyxlky[_am^ZjgufbH^gbfba kem`_[guokehyey_lkykhxaDQG{nd@baZihfgbl_lZd`_ij_^eh]LQKn@ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 0DEHODQG.DWHVNDWH F_c[ebD_cldZlZxlkygZdhgvdZo -DQHDQG.DWHSOD7KHSOD `_cgbD_clb]jZxlHgbb]jZxl 'DYHDQG-DNHSD7KHSD _cb`_cdieZlylHgbieZlyl -DNHDQG'DYHVWD7KHVWD `_cdb_chklZxlkyHgbhklZxlky .DWHDQG-DNHWUDLQ7KHWUDLQ D_clb`_cdlj_gbjmxlkyHgblj_gbjmxlky 7KHWUDLQLQ0D Hgblj_gbjmxlkyfZ_ Mhijhkbl_evguoij_^eh`_gbc[_ahijhkbl_evguokehdZdijZbeh hkoh^ysbclhglh_klvijhbkoh^blihur_gb_]hehkZddhgpmij_^eh`_gby AZ]eZgZy[mdZ,aK@h[hagZqZ_lf_klhbf_gb_yKjZgbl_^bnlhg]baK@beK@ ,SD,SOD,VWD,VNDWH,VDYH.DWH,VDYH'DYH,WUDLQ,KDWHSDLQ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 0D,VDFh`ghykdZ`m 6D.DWHKdZ`bD_cl 0D,SDLQWFh`ghfg_jbkhZlv 3DLQW.DWHJbkmcD_cl 0D,SODFh`ghyihb]jZx 3OD-DQHB]jZc`_cg 0D,VWDFh]myhklZlvky 6WD'DYHHklZZcky_c 0D,ZDLWFh`ghfg_ih^h`^Zlv :DLW-DNHIh^h`^b`_cd 0D,SDFh]myaZieZlblv 3D.DWHIeZlbD_cl 0D,EUDNHFh`ghlhjfhablv %UDNH-DNHLhjfhab`_cd
  • 15. :jlbdev MZg]ebckdbobfzgkms_klbl_evguo_klv^ZZjlbdeyhij_^_ezggucbg_hij_ ^_ezgguc KgZqZeZ fu ih]hhjbf h g_hij_^_ezgghf Zjlbde_ D @@ Hg [_am^Zj_g b qblZ_lkykeblghkkms_klbl_evgufDODNHDFDNHDSODWHDWDEOHDODEHODFDEOH I_j_^bf_gZfbkms_klbl_evgufbgZqbgZxsbfbkyk]eZkghc[mduhgbf__l nhjfmDQ@n@DQDLG@ 2neKd@ihfhsgbdDQDLP@ 2neKm@p_ev G_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevmihlj_[ey_lkydh]^Zkms_klbl_evgh_mihfbgZ_lky i_ju_dh]^ZkblmZpbbih^jZamf_Z_lkyij_^f_l©dZdhcgb[m^vª©ex[hcª 0D,WDNHDSODWH Fh`ghaylvdZdmxgb[m^v
  • 16. lZj_edm 0D,WDNHDFDNH Fh`ghaylvh^gh
  • 17. ibjh`gh_ 0D-DNHWDNHDVWHDN Fh`gh`_cdmaylv[bnrl_dk 0D,WDNHDVWDEOHWDEOH Fh`ghaylvijhqgucklhe :DLWDGD Ih^h`^b^_gzd G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky lhevdh k kms_klbl_evgufb _^bgkl_gghf qbke_ I_j_^ kms_klbl_evgufb h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ hg ijhklh himkdZ_lky0D,WDNHSODWHVFh`ghyhavfmlZj_edb G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev g_ mihlj_[ey_lky k bf_gZfb kh[kl_ggufb b g_bkqbkey_fufbkms_klbl_evgufblh_klvg_bf_xsbfbfgh`_kl_ggh]hqbkeZ ,KDWHUDLQYg_gZb`m^h`^v ,KDWHSDLQYg_gZb`m[hev 7KHWUDLQ-DQHHgblj_gbjmxl`_cg 6DYH.DWHKiZkbl_D_cl Fgh`_kl_ggh_qbkehbfzgkms_klbl_evguo Fgh`_kl_ggh_qbkehkms_klbl_evguoqZs_k_]hh[jZam_lkyijbihfhsb hdhgqZgbyVdhlhjh_qblZ_lky]emohV@ihke_]emobokh]eZkguobahgdh]@ihke_ ahgdbokh]eZkguob]eZkguoG_fZy]eZkgZyHhklZzlkyg_ijhbaghkbfhc SODWHSODWHVpleKts@ FDNHFDNHVkeKks@ ODNHODNHVleKks@ VWHDNVWHDNVsteKks@ GDGDVdeKz@ JDPHJDPHVgeKmz@ ODEHOODEHOVleKblz@ WUDLQWUDLQVtreKnz@ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 0D'DYHWDNHVWHDNV Fh`_l_caylv[bnrl_dku 0D,WDNHHLJKWFDNHV Fh]myaylvhk_fvibjh`guo 0D-DQHPDNHFDNHV Fh`gh`_cgbki_qzlibjh`gu_ 0DWKHPDNHODEHOV Fh`ghhgbba]hlhylwlbd_ldb DZd b h k_o yaudZo fbjZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ bf_xlky mklhcqbu_ kehhkhq_lZgbyLZdujZ`_gb_WKHVDhgb]hhjylbgh]^Zmihlj_[ey_lkykfuke_ ]hhjylqlhFuihklhyggh[m^_fagZdhfblvkyklZdbfbkehhkhq_lZgbyfb
  • 18. AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby Ihfgbl_ qlh ij_^eh]b [_am^Zjgu b qblZxlky keblghkihke_^mxsbfbkehZfbLQ$SULOK 2neKprKl@ 0D-DQHWUDLQ Fh`gh`_cgihlj_gbjhZlvky 0D,SDLQ0D Fh`ghfg_aZieZlblvfZ_ 7KHVD,PDSDLQ0D =hhjylqlhfh`ghaZieZlblvfZ_ 3DLQ$SULO-DNH IeZlbZij_e_`_cd Ih^_^zfblh]b L_klIjhqblZcl_ghu_kehZIjh_jvl_boamqZgb_ihljZgkdjbipbbkehZj_ VDOHijh^Z`ZVDPHlhl`_kZfucWDLOohklWDOHjZkkdZa L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud 'DYHDQG-DNHSDLQWODEHOV7KHWUDLQLQ0D,WUDLQLQ$SULO,KDWHUDLQ.DWHDQG-DQHPDNH FDNHV0D,WDNHDFDNH-DNHPDWDNHHLJKWFDNHV'DYHPDSD7DNHHLJKWVWHDNV Jake may take a steak and eight cakes. . AZihfgbl_^bnlhg]eK@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
  • 22. khk_fj_^dh[mdhkhq_lZgb_HDJUHDWEUHDNVWHDN =E:: Ij_`^_q_ffui_j_c^zfdijZbeZfql_gbyke_^mxs_c]eZkghc[mdugm`gh h[jZlblvgbfZgb_gZljm^gu_kemqZbql_gbyg_dhlhjuokh]eZkguo IÁóêâàKïîñëåZ÷àùå âñåãî íå ÷èòàåòñÿ:ZKHHOwÖl@dhe_kh ,,ÁóêâàFâ áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ÷èòàåòñÿN@Íî êîãäà îíà ñòîèò ïåðåä ãëàñíûìè áóêâàìèHLòî îíà ÷èòàåòñÿ êàêV@Ñðàâíèòå N@FDNHkeKk@ibjh`gh_FDVHkeKs@q_fh^ZgFDEOHkeKbl@dZ[_ev V@IDFHfeKs@ebphSODFHpleKs@f_klh ,,,Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåVKîáîçíà÷àåò çâóêS@áëèçêèé ê ðóññêîìó çâóêó ríî ìÿã÷åVKDYHSeKv@[jblvkyVKDNHSeKk@ljyklb
  • 23. IV. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåFKîáîçíà÷àåò çâóê¶@áëèçêèé ê ðóññêîìó çâóêóq FKDLQ¶eKn@p_ihqdZFKHHVH¶Öz@kuj V. Äâå áóêâûWKîáîçíà÷àþò íå òîëüêî çâîíêèé çâóê [D]íî è ãëóõîé T@ G_l ijZbe ih dhlhjuf fh`gh hij_^_eblv dh]^Z WK qblZ_lky ahgdh D@ Z dh]^Z ]emoh T@ Gm`gh ohjhrh aZihfgblv agZqdb b ijh_jylv ih kehZjx dZdhc bf_gghkeh_amdIhkfhljbl_ih^[hjdmkehgZwlbamdbkijZhqghfjZa^_e_ VIÁóêâàHâ îòêðûòîì ñëîãå ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê äîëãèé çâóêL@ EH[ulv VHHNbkdZlv KHDWgZ]j_Zlv ZHfu VHHb^_lv OHDGjmdhh^blv KHhg VHDfhj_ PHDWfykh VKHhgZ WHDqZc VHDWkb^_gv_ PHfg_f_gy HDW_klv UHDGqblZlv VOHHSkiZlv MHDQV^`bgku ZHDNkeZ[uc WUHH^_j_h FOHDQqbklblv VSHDN]hhjblv WKUHHTrÖ@ljb FUHDPdj_f OHDYHhklZeylv IUHHkh[h^guc GUHDPf_qlZ SHRSOHex^b JUHHQa_ezguc VZHHWkeZ^dbc NHdexq VWUHHWmebpZ NHHSojZgblv FKHDS^_rzuc QHHGgm`^Zlvky WHDFKh[mqZlv SHDFHpÖs@fbj ZHHNg_^_ey WHDPdhfZg^Z VHDVRQsÖzn@j_fy]h^Z Bkdexq_gb_JUHDWgreKt@_ebdbcEUHDNbreKk@ehfZlvVWHDNsteKk@[bnrl_dk ?klv]jmiiZkeh]^_HDqblZ_lkyih^jm]hfmghh[wlhffu[m^_f]hhjblvhkh[h Ihfgbl_qlhh[hagZq_gb_amdZijbgZibkZgbbjZagh_ghljZgkdjbipbhgguc agZdk_]^Zh^bgZHwÖ@VKHSÖ@VZHHWswÖt@HDWÖt@SHDFHpÖs@FKHDS¶Öp@ AmdL@_klv`_gkdhfbf_gb(YHÖv@Bbfm`kdhfbf_gb3HWHpÖt@Ibl AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh EHKHZHHNZHDNFOHDQMHDQVFKHHVHZKHHOOHDGFUHDPSHDFHVKHWHDFKNH AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby ,VHHDVWUHHW Yb`mmebpm ,VHHDJUHHQWUHH Yb`ma_ezgh_^_j_h :HVHHWKUHHWUHHV Fub^bfljb^_j_Z :HQHHGWKUHHVZHHWV GZfgm`guljbdhgn_lu 3HRSOHQHHGSHDFH Ex^yfgm`_gfbj ,VHH(YHDQG3HWH Yb`mBbIblZ 7KHQHHGFOHDQMHDQV Bfgm`guqbklu_^`bgku :HQHHGVZHHWWHD GZfgm`_gkeZ^dbcqZc
  • 24. :HQHHGFKHDSFKHHVH GZfgm`_g^_rzuckuj :HDNSHRSOHQHHGPHDW KeZ[ufex^yfgm`ghfykh :HVHHDZHDNWHDP Fub^bfkeZ[mxdhfZg^m :HQHHGDGUHDPWHDP GZfgm`gZdhfZg^Zf_qlZ /HDYHPHSOHDVH HklZvl_f_gyih`ZemcklZ 7DNHDVHDWSOHDVH Ih`ZemcklZkZ^bl_kv H[jZlbl_ gbfZgb_ keh_ NH [mdZ H qblZ_lky ih aZdhgm hldjulh]h keh]ZkÖ@?klvfgh]hkeh`gu_kehZdhlhjuob[mdhkhq_lZgb_HLqblZ_lkyL@ UHFHLYHrK 2sÖv@ihemqZlv GHFHLYHdK 2sÖv@h[fZguZlv FRQFHLYHk@n 2sÖv@aZ^mfZlv UHFHLSWrK 2sÖt@dblZgpby GHFHLWdK 2sÖt@h[fZg FRQFHLWk@ 2nsÖt@kZfhfg_gb_ DklZlb fgh]hkeh`guo kehZo m^Zjgu_ ]eZkgu_ fh]ml qblZlvky hldjulhf keh]_ihijZbemaZdjulh]hkeh]Zhkh[_gghqZklhbgl_jgZpbhgZevguokehZo VHFRQGseknd@k_dmg^ZWHOHJUDP 2telegrm@l_e_]jZffZ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,VHHDJUHHQWUHH:HVHHDVWUDLJKWVWUHHW3HWHDQG(YHWUDLQWKUHHGDVDZHHN7KHUHFHLYH WHOHJUDPV0DWKHOHDYHPH:HKDWHGHFHLWV-DQHDQG'DYHQHHGDUHFHLSW7KHQHHG WHD FKHHVH DQG VZHHWV .DWH DQG -DNH QHHG PHDW FKHHVH DQG WKUHH VWHDNV :H QHHG JUH MHDQV3HWHDQG(YHSDLQW7KHSDLQWSHRSOHWUHHVVWUHHWVDQGODNHV3DLQWWKUHHWUHHV%HIUHH VII.ÇâóêL@îáîçíà÷àåò èíîãäà è áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåLHðåäêî áóêâàL SLHFHpÖs@dmkhd QLHFHnÖs@ie_fyggbpZ FKLHI¶Öf@jmdhh^bl_ev EULHIbrÖf@djZldh JULHIgrÖf@]hj_ WKLHITÖf@hj EHOLHYHbK 2lÖv@_jblv ILHOGfÖld@ihe_ SROLFHp@ 2lÖs@ihebpby VNLskÖ@dZlZlvkygZeu`Zo AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh KHWHDFOHDQZKHHOWKUHHIUHHSLHFHUHDGVKHFKHHVHOHDGQLHFH UDLQJUHWKHVNLVKHJUHDWJULHISLHFHSHDFHOHDYHEHOLHYHFKHDSFKLHI AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby H[tykgbl_ ihq_fm m h^gbo Fms_klbl_evguo _klvg_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevZm^jm]bo_]hg_l ,QHHGDNH Fg_gm`_gdexq ,QHHGWKUHHZHHNV Fg_gm`guljbg_^_eb 7KHQHHGDZKHHO Bfgm`ghdhe_kh :HQHHGWHDDQGVZHHWV GZfgm`_gqZcbdhgn_lu :HVHHDJUHHQWUHH Fub^bfa_ezgh_^_j_h 5HDGDIDEOH IjhqblZcdZdmxgb[m^v[Zkgx 3HRSOHQHHGSHDFH Ex^yfgm`_gfbj 0D,PDNHWHD Fh`ghaZZjblvqZc ,QHHGDLG Fg_gm`gZihfhsv ,QHHGDQDLG Fg_gm`_gihfhsgbd
  • 25. Fu gZmqbebkv aZ^ZZlv g_dhlhju_ hijhku gh ihdZ g_ agZ_f dZd gZ gbo hl_qZlveyml_j^bl_evgh]hhl_lZgZfgm`ghkehh^ZHVjes@ H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_gZlhqlh[mdZMh[hagZqZ_lamd³@ZljZgkdjbipbhgguc agZqhdM@h[hagZqZ_lamdihoh`bcgZjmkkdbcamdc Lhl`_amdj@ijbkmlklm_lbkeh_RXjü@dhlhjh_fh`_li_j_h^blvky aZbkbfhklbhlkblmZpbbdZdluul_[_Zfl_[yZk RXPDVHH3HWH Lufh`_rvmb^_lvIblZ :HVHHRX FuZkb^bf ,QHHGRXRXQHHGPH Lugm`_gfg_Zyl_[_ ,EHOLHYHRXRXEHOLHYHPH Y_jxZfufg_ RXGHFHLYHPH,GHFHLYHRX Luh[fZguZ_rvf_gyyh[fZguZxl_[y AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 0D,VHHRXYfh]mZkmb^_lv 0DEHFh`_l[ulv 0D,EHIUHHYfh]m[ulvkh[h^_g HVRXPDZfh`_l_ 0D,PHHWRXFh`ghkZfbihagZdhfblvky HVRXPDZfh`gh 0DZHHDWFKHHVHFh`gh_klvkuj HVRXPDZfh`gh 0D3HWHHDWPHDWIblfh`_lih_klvfykZ HVKHPDZfh`_l 0D(YHVHH3HWHBfh`_lmb^_lvIblZ HVVKHPDZfh`_l 0D3HWHDQG(YHOHDYHIblbBfh]mlmclb HVWKHPDZfh]ml 0DWKHPHHWPHFh`ghhgbf_gyklj_lyl HVWKHPDZfh`gh ?szjZa_jgzfkydql_gbx[mduFbijh_jbfk_[y N@FDVHFDNHFDEOHFOHDQFUHDP V@IDFHSODFHSHDFHSLHFHQLHFHUHFHLYHGHFHLWFRQFHLWSROLFH ¶@FKDLQFKHHVHFKHDS Ih]hhjbfh]jZffZlbd_ Ebqgu_f_klhbf_gbyfum`_agZ_fihqlbk_ y,luRXhgKHhgZVKHfuZHuRXhgbWKH F_klhbf_gb_LWKt@fh`_llZd`_i_j_h^blvkydZdhgbhgZdh]^Zj_qvb^zlh g_h^mr_ezgguo ij_^f_lZo b h `bhlguo ihkdhevdm Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ g_h^mr_ezggu_ij_^f_lug_bf_xljh^Z,Wmihlj_[ey_lkybagZq_gbbwlh ,VHHLW,QHHGLW Ywlhb`mFg_wlhgm`gh :HVHHDWUHH:HVHHLW Fub^bf^_j_hFub^bf_]h (YHVHHVDVZHHW6KHVHHVLW Bb^bldhgn_ldmHgZb^bl_z 3HWHQHHGVDWDEOH+HQHHGVLW Iblmgm`_gklhe?fmhggm`_g
  • 26. :jlbdev M bfzg kms_klbl_evguo djhf_ g_hij_^_ezggh]h Zjlbdey [uZ_l hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev WKH D@@ ?keb bfy kms_klbl_evgh_ gZqbgZ_lky k ]eZkghc [mdulhZjlbdevijhbaghkblkyg_kdhevdhbgZq_DÖ@WKHDLPWKHDLG Wlhl Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky dh]^Z kh[_k_^gbdZf ba_klgh h dZdhf ij_^f_l_ b^zlj_qvHgfh`_lmihlj_[eylvkybkg_bkqbkey_fufbbf_gZfbkms_klbl_evgufb (DWWKHFDNH?rvwlhibjh`gh_ +HDWWKHWHDIh^h]j_cqZc ,QHHGWKHQHHGOHFg_gm`gZwlZb]eZ :HVHHWKHZDFub^bf^hjh]m 0D,HDWWKHFKHHVHFh`gh_klvkuj 0D(YHWDNHWKHNHBhavfzldexq 7KHVHHWKHWUHHHgbb^ylwlh^_j_h :HSODWKHJDPHFub]jZ_fwlmb]jm /DWKHWDEOHGZdjhcgZklhe 0D,VHHWKHVHDFh]mymb^_lvfhj_ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyI_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud 0DZHVHHWKHWHDP:HVHHDZHDNWHDP:HQHHGWKHWHDP©*UHHQ3HDFHª:HDNSHRSOH OHDYHWKHWHDP7KHQHHGEUDYHSHRSOH0DZHZDLW:HQHHGDWDEOH0D,VHHWKH JUHHQWDEOH3OHDVHWDNHWKHJUHWDEOH7DNHLW,QHHGDFOHDQSODWH7DNHWKHJUHHQSODWH SOHDVH7DNHLW0DWKHHDWVZHHWVHVWKHPD,VHHDVWHDN7DNHLW(DWWKHVZHHWV SOHDVH0D,SDLQWSHRSOHRXPDSDLQWJUHHQWUHHVVWUHHWVSHRSOHDQGDVHD Hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevWKHfh`_l[ulvaZf_gzgmdZaZl_evgufbf_klhbf_gbyfb WKLVDKs@wlhlbWKDWD{t@lhli_j_^kms_klbl_evgufb_^bgkl_gghfqbke_ 5HDGWKHIDEOH IjhqblZcwlm[Zkgx 5HDGWKLVWDOH IjhqblZcl_wlhljZkkdZa 0DZHUHDGWKDWWDOH Fh`ghfuijhqblZ_flhljZkkdZa 7HDFKPHWKLVJDPH GZmqbf_gywlhcb]j_ 7DNHWKDWZKHHOSOHDVH havfblhdhe_khih`ZemcklZ MdZaZl_evgu_f_klhbf_gbybf_xlnhjfmfgh`_kl_ggh]hqbkeZ WKLVwlhlWKHVHDÖz@wlbWKDWlhlWKRVHD@uz@l_ 0D,SDLQWWKHVHWUHHV3DLQWWKRVHSOHDVH 0DZHHDWWKHVHVZHHWVRXPDHDWWKRVHVZHHWV Ij_^eh]bLQKn@gmljbq_]heb[h
  • 28. LQWKHVDIHk_cn_ LQWKHVWUHHWgZmebp_ LQWKHWUHHgZ^_j__ LQWKHWHDPdhfZg^_ LQWKHGUHDPhkg_ LQWKHJDPHb]j_ LQWKHODNHha_j_ LQWKHFDVHnmleyj_ LQQHHGgm`^_ RQWKHWDEOHgZklhe_ RQWKHSODWHgZlZj_ed_ RQWKHZKHHOgZdhe_k_ RQWKHODEHOgZwlbd_ld_ RQWKHZDih^hjh]_ RQVDOHijh^Z`_
  • 29. Ih^_^zfblh]b L_klGZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh UDLQSODJUHDWVDWKHVWUDLJKWEUHDNEHWHDSLHFHUHDGSHDFHVOHHSQLHFHFKHDS L_klIjhqblZcl_g_agZdhfu_kehZIjh_jvl_k_[yihkehZjx HDFKdZ`^ucSHDFKi_jkbdGHHS]em[hdbcUHDVRQijbqbgZVKHHWebkl L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyI_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud :HVNLLQWKHILHOG7KHSDLQWJUHHQWUHHVLQWKHVWUHHW-DNHDQG3HWHSODLQWKHWHDP7KH VNDWHDQGVNL-DQHDQG(YHHDWVWHDNVFDNHVDQGVZHHWV3OHDVHHDWWKHPHDW7KHQHHGWHD +HDWWKHWHD7KHODEHOLVRQWKHWDEOH0DZHUHDG,ODWKHFDEOHRQWKHWDEOH,ODWKHFDNH RQ WKH SODWH 7DNH D VHDW SOHDVH :H QHHG WKUHH ZKHHOV :DLW HLJKW GDV 0D ZH ZDLW D ZHHN,VHHPQLHFHLQWKHVWUHHW,EHOLHYHPFKLHI'DYHDQG3HWHGHFHLYHWKHFKLHI:H QHHGWKHSROLFH,EHOLHYHWKHSROLFH0D,WDNHWKHVHJUHHQMHDQV7DNHWKHJUHMHDQV Eve and Pete eat meat, cheese and sweet cream. AZihfgbl_amdL@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
  • 32. hk_fj_^dh[mdZLhldjulhfkeh]_VNLSROLFH k =E:: I. Áóêâà[ìîæåò îáîçíà÷àòü äâå ïàðû çâóêîâ: ãëóõèåks@è çâîíêèågz@ ER[bOks@dhjh[dZIR[fOks@ebkZVL[sKks@r_klvIL[fKks@ijbdj_ieylv PL[mKks@kf_rbZlvWH[Wtekst@l_dklWD[t{ks@gZeh]WD[L2t{ksK@lZdkb H[HUFLVH2eksKsaKz@mijZ`g_gb_H[DPKg 2z{m@wdaZf_gH[DFWKg 2z{kt@lhqguc II. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåQJ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê îäèí çâóêÎ@ à áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåQNêàê äâà çâóêàÎk@ VRQJsOÎ@i_kgyVWURQJstrOÎ@kbevgucVSULQJsprKÎ@_kgZ WKLQJTKÎ@_svVLQJsKÎ@i_lvEULQJbrKÎ@ijbghkblvFHLOLQJ2sÖlKÎ@ihlhehd HYHQLQJ2ÖvniÎ@_q_j(QJOLVK2KÎglKS@Zg]ebqZgbg(QJODQG2KÎgl@nd@:g]eby EDQNb{Îk@[ZgdWKDQNT{Îk@[eZ]h^ZjblvGULQNdrKÎk@iblv
  • 33. H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_mkms_klbl_evguohfgh`_kl_gghfqbke_ihke_ rbiysbobkbklysbohdhgqZgb_HVqblZ_lkyKz@ IDFHIDFHV2feKsKz@SODFHSODFHV2pleKsKz@FDVHFDVHV2keKsKz@QLHFHQLHFHV2nÖsKz@ ER[ER[HV2bOksKz@IR[IR[HV2fOksKz@WD[WD[HV2t{ksKz@ VSHHFKVSHHFKHV2spÖ¶Kz@j_qbZLVKZLVKHV2wKSKz@ih`_eZgby BlZdhdhgqZgb_VqblZ_lkyihljzfZjbZglZf s@ SODWHVFDNHVODNHVZHHNVVKHHWVVWUHHWVVZHHWVVHDWV z@ QDPHVGDVJDPHVWDOHVWDEOHVODEHOVWUHHVVHDVGUHDPVWHDPVZKHHOVVRQJV Kz@ FDVHVSODFHVIDFHVSLHFHVQLHFHVSHDFKHVVSHHFKHVWD[HVER[HVIR[HV Zg]ebckdhfyaud_bf__lky]jmiiZkms_klbl_evguomdhlhjuofgh`_kl_g gh_qbkehh[jZam_lkyihhkh[ufijZbeZfIh^jh[g__h[wlhfkijZhqghfjZa^_e_ VKHHSSÖp@hpZVKHHSSÖp@hpu PDQm{n@fm`qbgZPHQmen@fm`qbgu WKLHITÖf@hjWKLHYHVTÖvz@hju OHDIlÖf@ebklOHDYHVlÖvz@ebklvy AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 3OHDVHVLQJWKHVHVRQJV Ih`ZemcklZkihcl_wlbi_kgb RXPDWDNHWKUHHFDNHV ufh`_l_aylvljbibjh`guo 6KHHSHDWJUHHQOHDYHV Hpu_^yla_ezgu_ebklvy 7KLHYHVVWHDOWKLQJV hjudjZ^ml_sb ,WLVDJUHDWJULHI Wlh[hevrh_]hj_ 7KHFKLHIVSDWD[HV Wlbjmdhh^bl_ebieZlylgZeh]b 5HDGWKHH[HUFLVHVSOHDVH Ih`ZemcklZijhqblZcl_mijZ`g_gby =eZ]heulj_lv_febp__^bgkl_ggh]hqbkeZgZklhys_]hj_f_gbihemqZxl hdhgqZgb_ H
  • 34. V dhlhjh_ qblZ_lky ih l_f `_ ijZbeZf qlh b hdhgqZgb_ V m kms_klbl_evguo h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ Bkdexq_gb_ ]eZ]he PD Fh^Zevgu_ ]eZ]heug_bf_xlhdhgqZgbcHfh^Zevguo]eZ]heZoqblZcl_kijZhqghfjZa^_e_ s@ 6KHVSHDNV(QJOLVK HgZ]hhjblihZg]ebckdb z@ +HUHDGVLQWKHHYHQLQJ HgqblZ_l_q_jhf z@ ,WUDLQVLQVSULQJLQ(QJODQG :g]ebb_kghcb^zl^h`^v Kz@ .DWHIL[HVWKHODEHOV D_clijbdj_iey_lwlbd_ldb Kz@ 3HWHWHDFKHV-DQHDQG'DYH Iblmqbl`_cgb_cZ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby (YHUHDGV6KHUHDGVWDOHVDQGIDEOHV3HWHQHHGVWKUHHZKHHOVDQGHLJKWER[HV+HQHHGVWKH WDEOHV0DEHOQHHGVWKUHHFDNHVDQGWKUHHVWHDNV6KHPDWDNHWKHFDNHVDQGWKHVWHDNV-DQH WHDFKHV(QJOLVK.DWHSDLQWVSHRSOHVWUHHWVDQGODNHV'DYHSDLQWVIDFHV-DNHIL[HVWKHODEHOV ,WUDLQVLQ0D3HWHHDWVSHDFKHV+HPDWDNHWKUHHSODWHV7KHWHDPVSODLQ(QJODQG
  • 36. â îòêðûòîì ñëîãå ÷èòàåòñÿaK@ KLijb_l KLGHijylZlv VKjh[dbc GLHmfbjZlv GULYHh^blv Ehdheh WLH]Zeklmd VPLOHmeu[dZ IO
  • 39. e]Zlv
  • 40. e_`Zlv ZLQHbgh GUkmrblv ILYHiylv VLGHklhjhgZ WUiulZlvky QLQH^_ylv ZULWHraKt@ibkZlv IU`Zjblv ILQHij_djZkguc ZKLWHwaKt@[_euc ZKwaK@ihq_fm OLNHgjZblvky FULPHij_klmie_gb_ Pfhc OLIH`bagv QLFHohjhrbcijbylguc WLJHU2taKg@@lb]j WLPHj_fy VOLFHehflbd FOLPDWH2klaKmKt@debfZl ZLIH`_gZ VNg_[h ZKLOHwaKl@ihdZg_fgh]h Bkdexq_gbyOLYHlKv@`blvJLYHgKv@^ZZlvIULHQGfrend@^jm]ZlZd`_]jmiiZ kehkdhlhjhcfuagZdhfuSLHFHQLHFHILHOGFKLHIWKLHIJULHIEULHIEHOLHYHVNLSROLFH bnlhg]aK@_klvfm`kdbobf_gZo,NHaKk@:cd0LNHmaKk@FZcd6LPRQ 2saKm@n@KZcfhgsaK@KZc`_gkdbobf_gZo9LvaK@Zc,GD2DKd@@B^Z/LVD 2laKz@@EZcaZgZaZgbyokljZgKLQD2¶aKn@@DblZcgZaZgbb^gyg_^_eb )ULGD2fraKdK@iylgbpZ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby +L,NH+L/LVD Ijb_l:cdIjb_lEZcaZ ,OLNHPOLIH Fg_gjZblkyfhy`bagv :HOLNH6LPRQDQG0LNH GZfgjZylkyKZcfhgbFZcd /LVDDQG0LNHOLNHPZLIH EZca_bFZcdmgjZblkyfhy`_gZ ,OLNHPZKLWHWLH Fg_gjZblkyfhc[_euc]Zeklmd 7KHOLNHPILQHWLH BfgjZblkyfhchlebqguc]Zeklmd :HOLNHWKLVQLFHODNH GZfgjZblkywlhdjZkbh_ha_jh :HOLNHWKHWUHHEWKHODNH GZfgjZblky^_j_hmha_jZ 0LNHDQG,UHDGWDOHVE*UHHQ FukFZcdhfqblZ_fjZkkdZau=jbgZ FD,ZULWHPQDPHLQ(QJOLVK Fh`ghgZibkZlvkhzbfyihZg]ebckdb 7KHZULWH©:HQHHGWLPHª Hgbibrml©GZfgm`ghj_fyª 7KHQHHGQLQHGDV Bfgm`gh^_ylv^g_c %WKHZD,QHHGILYHGDV F_`^mijhqbffg_gm`ghiylv^g_c 0DZHIORQ)ULGD Fh`ghfuihe_lbfiylgbpm ,GDDQG,IOLQWLPH FukB^hce_lbfhj_fy ,WHDFK(QJOLVKILYHWLPHVDZHHN Yij_ih^ZxZg]ebckdbciylvjZag_^_ex AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh VLGHWUQLFHVNVPLOHZKFOLPDWHILQHIOZKLWHZKLOHZULWH)ULGD
  • 41. IV. ÁóêâàL ïåðåä áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿìèOGQG÷èòàåòñÿaK@ PLQGmaKnd@jZamf ELQGbaKnd@ijbyauZlv PLOGmaKld@lbobc NLQGkaKnd@^h[juc EOLQGblaKnd@ke_ihc ZLOGwaKld@^bdbc ILQGfaKnd@gZoh^blv EHKLQGbK 2haKnd@kaZ^b FKLOG¶aKld@j_[zghd Bkdexq_gbyFKLOGUHQ2¶Kldr@n@^_lbZLQGwKnd@_l_jghZLQGwaKnd@aZh^blvqZku
  • 42. AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby ,OLNHWKLVNLQGDQGPLOGFKLOG Fg_gjZblkywlhl^h[jucblbobcj_[zghd )LQGWKLVZLOGFKLOG GZc^bl_wlh]hg_hkiblZggh]hj_[zgdZ 0LNHDQGKLGHEHKLQGWKHOLPH FZcdbKZcijyqmlkyaZwlhcebihc ,KDWHZLOGFKLOGUHQ G_gZb`mjZkims_gguo^_l_c 0IULHQGVILQG0LNHQLFH Fhb^jmavykqblZxlqlhFZcdohjhrbc 6LPRQLVDVKFKLOG KZcfhgjh[dbcj_[zghd 7KHWHDFKWKLVEOLQGFKLOG HgbmqZlwlh]hke_ih]hj_[zgdZ ,OLNHNLQGSHRSOH Ex[ex^h[juoex^_c :HOLNHWKLVPLOGVSULQJ GZfgjZblkywlZlzieZy_kgZ 0D,ELQGWKHVKHHS Fh`ghfg_ijbyaZlvhpm V. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåLJKòàêæå ÷èòàåòñÿaK@ KLJKhaK@ukhdbc ILJKWfaKt@[hjhlvky ULJKWraKt@ijZbevgucijZuc WLJKWtaKt@l_kguc EULJKWbraKt@yjdbcykguc WLJKWVtaKts@dhe]hldb OLJKWlaKt@k_leucez]dbc VLJKWsaKt@aj_gb_b^ QLJKWnaKt@ghqv IULJKWHQfraKtn@im]Zlv AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby ,OLNHOLJKWQLJKWV Fg_gjZylkyk_leu_ghqb ,OLNHEULJKWGDV Fg_gjZylkyykgu_^gb :HVHHWKHEULJKWVN Fub^bfykgh_g_[h ,VHH,NHEHKLQGWKHKLJKWUHH Yb`m:cdZaZukhdbf^_j_hf 6LPRQDQG0LNHILJKW KZcfhgbFZcd^_jmlky ,VHHWKHZDWRWKHULJKW Yb`m^hjh]mkijZZ 7KLVZLOGZLQGIULJKWHQVSHRSOH WlhlmjZ]Zgguc_l_jim]Z_lex^_c )OKLJKLQ(QJOLVK Mki_ohbamq_gbbZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ VI. Íàïèñàíèå ñëåäóþùèõ ñëîâ ñ äèôòîíãîìaK@íàäî çàïîìíèòü EXbaK@ihdmiZlvEHbaK@ihdZijbijhsZgbb
  • 44. %XWKLVOLJKWJUHWLH Dmibwlhlk_lehk_juc]Zeklmd ,OLNHJUHHHV Fg_gjZylkyk_ju_]eZaZ 7DNHHLWKHUFDNH ;_jbex[h_ibjh`gh_ ,WDNHQHLWKHU Yg_havfmgbh^ghbagbo ,WDNHQHLWKHUVLGH Yg_ijbgbfZxgbqvxklhjhgm 7KHWUHHLVVL[IHHWLQKHLJKW Wlh^_j_hr_klbnmlhukhlhc %HEH0LNH IhdZFZcd Ih]hhjbfh]jZffZlbd_ =eZ]heWREHbf__lljbebqgu_nhjfuij_^eh`_gbyohguihegy_ljhev kyadb b gZ jmkkdbc yaud g_ i_j_h^blky IhdZ fu ihagZdhfbfky k nhjfhc LV Kz@ mihlj_[eyxs_ckylj_lv_febp__^bgkl_ggh]hqbkeZ 0LNHLVNLQGFZcd^h[juc 7KHVNLVEULJKWG_[hykgh_ 7KHWLHLVOLJKW=Zeklmdk_leuc 7KHWUHHLVKLJK_j_hukhdh_ 0QDPHLV,NHF_gyahml:cd /LVDLVQLFHEZcaZkbfiZlbqgZy 7KHZLQHLVILQHbghhlebqgh_ 7KHFKLOGLVZLOGJ_[zghdg_hkiblZgguc QZklhLVmihlj_[ey_lky[_aebqguoij_^eh`_gbyolbiZ ,WLVQLFHOhjhrh7KLVLVULJKWIjZbevgh7KDWLVJUHDWAZf_qZl_evgh jZa]hhjghf yaud_ g_j_^dh ijhbkoh^bl khdjZs_gb_ ]jZffZlbq_kdbo nhjf qlh e_qzl aZ kh[hc uiZ^_gb_ ]eZkguo amdh Ijb ibkvf_ f_klh uiZrbo amdh klZblkyZihkljhnaZiylZyk_jomIjbql_gbbg_h[jZsZcl_gZg_]hgbfZgby ,W¶VQLFHOhjhrh,W¶VILQHHlebqgh,W¶VVSULQJ_kgZ 7KDW¶VULJKWIjZbevgh7KDW¶VJUHDWAZf_qZl_evgh AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 0QDPHLV'DYHF_gyahml_c -DQHLVPZLIH`_cgfhy`_gZ -DQHLVNLQG`_cg^h[jZy 6KHLVILQHHgZij_djZkgZ 7KHWUHHLVKLJK_j_hukhdh_ 7KHQLJKWLVOLJKWGhqvk_leZy 7KHOLJKWLVEULJKWK_lyjdbc 7KHVLJKWLVILQHb^aZf_qZl_evguc F_klhbf_gb_QRWnOt@k^_eZ_lij_^eh`_gb_hljbpZl_evguf .DWHLVQRWNLQGD_clg_^h[jZy -DNHLVQRWULJKW`_cdg_ijZ 7KHWUHHLVQRWKLJK_j_hg_ukhdh_ 7KHOLJKWLVQRWEULJKWK_lg_yjdbc 7KHQLJKWLVQRWOLJKWGhqvg_k_leZy 7KHLFHLVQRWZKLWHWlhlez^g_[_euc 0QDPHLVQRWFhzbfyg_KZc ,W¶VQRWULJKWWlhg_ijZbevgh Qlh[uaZ^Zlvhijhkgm`ghihklZblvgZi_jh_f_klhkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he ,VWKHWDEOHKLJKKlheukhdbc ,VPZLIHULJKWFhy`_gZijZZ ,VWKHGDILQH_gvhlebqguc ,VLWULJKWWlhijZbevgh
  • 45. LZdb_hijhkugZauZxlkyh[sbfbGZgbofh`gh^ZlvdjZldbchl_ldhlhjuc fh`ghi_j__klb©ZwlhlZdªHVjes@LWLV ,VWKHJDPHILQHHVLWLV ,VWKHSODWHZKLWHHVLWLV ,VWKHZDULJKWHVLWLV ,VWKHWLHJUHHQHVLWLV wlhc nhjf_ hl_l ijb]h^_g ebrv ^ey g_h^mr_ezgguo ij_^f_lh Gh _keb j_qvb^_lhex^yolhdjZldbchl_l[m^_lamqZlvihbghfm ,V-DNHULJKWHVKHLV ,V'DYHEUDYHHVKHLV ,V9LILQHHVVKHLV ,V,GDZHDNHVVKHLV ;uZxl b ki_pbZevgu_ hijhku lh _klv k hijhkbl_evguf kehhf GZ gbo g_hafh`gh^ZlvdjZldbchl_lhijhkbl_evgh_kehhh[uqghklhbli_j_^LVIhdZfu agZ_febrvh^ghhijhkbl_evgh_kehhZKwaK@ihq_fm :KLVPZLIHQRWULJKW Ihq_fmfhy`_gZg_ijZZ :KLV.DWHODWH Ihq_fmD_clhiZa^uZ_l :KLVWKLVZDQRWULJKW Ihq_fmwlhlimlvg__j_g :KLVWKHFDNHQRWILQH Ihq_fmibjh`gh_g_dmkgh_ :KLVWKHWDEOHQRWFOHDQ Ihq_fmklhe]jyaguc :KLVWKHSODWHQRWGU Ihq_fmlZj_edZg_kmoZy Kehhh[jZahZgb_ Kmnnbdku b ijbklZdb b]jZxl Zdlbgmx jhev h[jZahZgbbZg]ebckdbokehHgbqZs_k_]h[_am^Zjgu AZihfgbl_ ljZgkdjbipbb m^Zj_gb_klhbli_j_^m^Zjgufkeh]hfmqbl_kv_]hu^_eylv DIUDLG@ 2freKd@bkim]ZggucDZD@ 2weK@ijhqvDJDLQ@ 2geKn@kghZ DJDLQVW@ 2geKnst@ijhlbDJUHH@ 2grÖ@kh]eZrZlvkyDOLYH@ 2laKv@`bhc DOLNH@ 2laKk@ihoh`bcDOLJKW@ 2laKt@]hjysbcDVLGH@ 2saKd@klhjhg_ EHVLGHVbK 2saKdz@djhf_lh]hDVKDPHG@ 2SeKmd@ijbklu`_gguc G_dhlhju_ ijbklZdb ijb^Zxl kehZf hljbpZl_evgh_ agZq_gb_ GLV PLV b ^jm]b_ZijbklZdZUHijb^ZzlkehZfagZq_gb_ihlhjghklb OLNHgjZblvkyGLVOLNHdKs 2laKk@g_gjZblvky WDNH[jZlvPLVWDNHmKs 2teKk@hrb[dZ PDNH^_eZlvUHPDNHrK 2meKk@i_j_^_euZlv UHDGqblZlvUHUHDGrK 2rÖd@i_j_qbluZlv ZULWHibkZlvUHZULWHrK 2raKt@i_j_ibkuZlv SDieZlblvUHSDrK 2peK@haf_sZlv AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby -DQHLVDIUDLG`_cggZim]ZgZ 'DYHLVDZD_cm_oZe 6DLWDJDLQIhlhjbwlh ,V'DYHDOLYH@beb_c +HSODVDJDLQHgkghZb]jZ_l .DWHLVDJDLQVWWKLVD_clijhlbwlh]h ,PDNHPLVWDNHVY^_eZxhrb[db 0DNH,UHPDNHLWFh`ghwlhi_j_^_eZlv %HDVKDPHGKlu^bl_kv /DWKHWLHDVLGHHleh`b]Zeklmdklhjhgm
  • 46. Ih^_^zfblh]b L_klGZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh QLHFHQLFHWKHNHNLQGDVLGHRXZKEULJKWGLHGULQNZLIHHHDOLNHJUH L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,GDEXVOLJKWWLHV0D,EXDZKLWHWLH0IULHQGLVNLQG+HLVDZD,OLNHNLQGFKLOGUHQ :KLVPFKLOGVK6LPRQLVQRWEUDYH,VKHDOLYHKLOGUHQILJKW0LNHPDNHVPLVWDNHV 0D,GUPMHDQVHVRXPD0DZHIUWKHPHDWRXPDWU0QLHFHLVQLFH0 IULHQG0LNHOLNHVPVPLOH+HOLNHVPJUHHHV,OLNHJUHHQHHV7KHFOLPDWHLQ(QJODQG LVPLOG(QJOLVKSHRSOHOLNHPLOGFOLPDWH7KHOLNHEULJKWGDV0DEHOOLNHVOLJKWQLJKWV Simon and Mike buy fine bright ties. AZihfgbl_^bnlhg]aK@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
  • 51. j_^dh[mdhkhq_lZgbyHLHHXHLWKHUQHLWKHUKHLJKWHHEHEX Èç íàðîäíîé ìóäðîñòè: Time is a great healer. Âðåìÿ - âåëèêèé ëåêàðü. Keep «kind» in mind. Âñåãäà ïîìíè î äîáðå. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Äðóã â áåäå - íàñòîÿùèé äðóã. =E:: I. Áîëüøèíñòâî áóêâîñî÷åòàíèé ñ áóêâîé r: er, or, ar, re ïîñëå ñîãëàñíîé â êîíöå ñëîâà ÷èòàþòñÿ êàê íåéòðàëüíûé çâóê@@ SDSHU2peKp@@[mfZ]Z GRFWRU2dOkt@@^hdlhj GROODU2dOl@@^heeZj FHQWUH2sent@@p_glj OLWUH2lÖt@@eblj PHWUH2mÖt@@f_lj Wlhlg_cljZevgucamdkhojZgy_lkykijb[Ze_gb_fhdhgqZgbyV GRFWRUGRFWRUV2dOkt@z@GROODUGROODUV2dOl@z@FHQWUHFHQWUHV2sent@z@ II. Cóôôèêñ our èíîãäà òàêæå ÷èòàåòñÿ@@ QHLJKERXU 2neKb@@khk_^IDYRXU2feKv@@[eZ]hkdehgghklv
  • 52. III. Áóêâà a â êîíöå ñëîâà îáîçíà÷àåò çâóê@@ FRPPD2kOm@@aZiylZyFKLQD2¶aKn@@nZjnhjKLQD2¶aKn@@DblZc EDQDQDb@ 2nÓn@@[ZgZg$PHULFD@ 2merKk@@:f_jbdZ ?keb ihke_ kehZ k hdhgqZgb_f HU DU RU RXU UH ke_^m_l kehh gZqbgZxs__kyk]eZkghc[mdulh[mdZUklZghblkyqblZ_fhc 7KHGRNWRULVODWH0QHLJKERXULVULJKW7KHSDSHULVILQH7KHFHQWUHLVRQWKHULJKW AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,NHDQG/LVDOLYHLQKLQD9LDQG6LPRQOLYHLQ$PHULND,GDOLYHVLQ(QJODQG:KLV0LNH LQKLQD+HOLNHVKLQD,QHHGILYHGROODUV6DLWDJDLQLQ(QJOLVKRPDNHPLVWDNHV,W LVQRWULJKW0D,ZULWHWKHWH[WDJDLQ5HZULWHLW0QHLJKERXUQHHGVWKHZKLWHSDSHU+H ZULWHVRQWKHILQHSDSHU0LNHDQG6LPRQOLNHOLJKWWLHV*LYHPHPZKLWHWLHRXPDWDNH ILYH VZHHWV , QHHG QLQH 0D P IULHQG EX EDQDQDV ,NH LV DJDLQVW LW 0 ZLIH OLNHV WKLV ZLOGFKLOG:KLVVKHQRWULJKW7KHKHLJKWRIWKHWUHHLVWKUHHPHWUHV7KHFKLOGLVQLFH Khq_lZgb_ ^mo ]eZkguo amdh gZauZ_lky ^bnlhg]hf Gh g_dhlhjuo Zg]ebckdbo kehZo kjZam ljb ]eZkguo amdZ ke_^mxl ^jm] aZ ^jm]hf LZdh_ ye_gb_ gZauZ_lkyljbnlhg]hfZZcl_ihagZdhfbfkykljbnlhg]hf2aK@@ VIII. Òðèôòîíã2aK@@îáîçíà÷àþò áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿHULUHLULLURLUD ILUH2faK@@h]hgvWLUH2taK@@mlhfeylvWLUHG2taK@d@mklZeucSLUDWH2paK@r@t@ibjZl LURQ2aK@n@`_e_ahmlx]DGPLUH@d 2maK@@hkobsZlvkyGHVLUHdK 2zaK@@`_eZlv IÕ. Òðèôòîíã [ 2aK@] èíîãäà îáîçíà÷àþò áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿ ie, ia, io OLRQ2laK@n@e_YRLOHW2vaK@lKt@nbZedZnbhe_lhucYLROLQ,vaK@ 2lin@kdjbidZ GLHW 2daK@t@^b_lZFOLHQW2klaK@nt@deb_glVFLHQFH2saK@ns@gZmdZ VFLHQWLVW2saK@ntKst@mqzgucVRFLHWs@ 2saK@tK@h[s_klhGLDORJXH2daK@lOg@^bZeh] klj_qZ_lkywlhlljbnlhg]gZaZgbbkljZgu,UHODQG2aK@l@nd@BjeZg^byZ lZd`_fm`kdbobf_gZo%ULDQ2braK@n@;jZc_g/LRQHO2laK@nl@EZchg_eb`_gkdbo bf_gZo,UD2aK@r@@:cjZ,ULV2aK@rKs@:cjbk9LROHW2vaK@lKt@bhe_llZ AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby ,QHHGILUH Fg_gm`_gh]hgv 7KHJDPHWLUHVPH B]jZf_gymlhfey_l %ULDQLVWLUHG ;jZc_gmklZe :HDGPLUHWKHOLRQV FuhkobsZ_fkyevZfb %XWKLVQLFHLURQ Dmibwlhlohjhrbcmlx] 7KHFOLHQWQHHGVDGLHW Deb_glmgm`gZ^b_lZ ,ULVEXVYLROHWV :cjbkihdmiZ_lnbZedb ,WLVPJUHDWGHVLUH Wlhfhz[hevrh_`_eZgb_
  • 53. 5HDGWKHGLDORJXHSOHDVH Ih`ZemcklZijhqblZc^bZeh] 9LROHWSODVWKHYLROLQ bhe_llZb]jZ_lgZkdjbid_ /LRQHOLVDJUHDWVFLHQWLVW EZchg_e_ebdbcmqzguc 7KHVRFLHWQHHGVWKLVVFLHQFH H[s_klmgm`gZwlZgZmdZ AZ^Zgb_GZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh JULHIGLHWLURQQLHFHOLRQEULJKWILUHQLFHSLHFHFOLHQWHLWKHUVFLHQFH HHJUHWLUHGWLHYLROHWKLJKEULHIEUHDNGHVLUHQHLJKERXUQHLWKHUSLUDWH AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,UDDQG,NH OLYH LQ ,UHODQG ,UD QHHGV D GLHW 0LNH LV DQ(QJOLVK VFLHQWLVW , OLNH WKLVVFLHQFH %ULDQ DQG 9LROHW OLYH LQ (QJODQG 7KH DGPLUH (QJOLVK :H QHHG D GLDORJXH /LRQHO QHHGV FOLHQWV7KHFOLHQWVEXILQHLURQV,GHVLUHILUH7KHOLRQLVILQH:HDGPLUHOLRQV7KLVSLUDWH OLYHVLQ$PHULFD,ULVLVWLUHG6KHSODVWKHYLROLQLQWKHHYHQLQJ0QLHFHLVRQDGLHW Ih]hhjbfh]jZffZlbd_ Ebqgu_nhjfu]eZ]heZkyadbWREHFum`_agZ_fqlhlj_lv_febp_ _^bgkl_ggh]hqbkeZwlhl]eZ]hebf__lnhjfmLVhk_oebpZofgh`_kl_ggh]hqbkeZ hgbf__lnhjfmDUHÓ@Zi_jhfebp__^bgkl_ggh]hqbkeZnhjfmDP{m@ ,DPIUHHYkh[h^_g :HDUHIUHHFukh[h^gu RXDUHIUHHLukh[h^_g RXDUHIUHHukh[h^gu +HLVIUHHHgkh[h^_g 7KHDUHIUHHHgbkh[h^gu 6KHLVIUHHHgZkh[h^gZ ,WLVIUHHHghkh[h^gh k_nhjfu]eZ]heZklj_qZxlkykhdjZs_gbb ,¶PaKm@IUHH RX¶UHjü@@IUHH +H¶VhÖz@IUHH 6KH¶VSÖz@IUHH :H¶UHwÖ@@IUHH 7KH¶UH2DE@@IUHH H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_gZlhqlhlubuZg]ebckdhfyaud_khiZ^Zxl Ijbi_j_h^_ijboh^blkyhjb_glbjhZlvkyihkblmZpbb AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud :HDUHIULHQGV:HDUHDOLNH:HDUHQRWLQ$PHULFD:HDUHLQ(QJODQG:HDUHQRWODWH 7KHWUHHVDUHJUHHQ7KHFDNHVDUHILQH7KHSODWHVDUHFOHDQ7KHVKHHWVDUHZKLWH,DPLQ WKHJDPH,DPLQWKLVWHDP,DPQRWVK,DPQRWODWH,DPLQPSODFH,DPWLUHG7KHILUH LVDOLJKW7KHJUHHQWUHHVDUHKLJK:KDUHWKHKLJK$UHPMHDQVFOHDQ$P,ULJKWHV RXDUH$UH(YHDQG-DNHDOLYHHVWKHDUH7KHDUHDOLYH7KHOLYHLQ(QJODQG:KDUH WKHDZD7KLVLVDJUHDWPLVWDNH0QLHFHVDUHQLFH:HDUHWLUHGRXDUHULJKW$UHRX IUHH,V/LRQHODSLUDWH+HLVQ¶WDSLUDWH%ULDQOLNHVVFLHQFH0IULHQGVDUHVFLHQWLVWV
  • 54. Kehhh[jZahZgb_mnnbdkHU@@hq_gvijh^mdlb_gK_]hihfhsvx fh`ghh[jZahZlvkms_klbl_evgu_hlfgh]bo]eZ]heh UHDGqblZlvUHDGHU2rÖd@@qblZl_ev ZULWHibkZlvZULWHU2raKt@@ibkZl_ev WHDFKmqblvWHDFKHU2tÖ¶@@mqbl_ev NHHSojZgblvNHHSHU2kÖp@@klhjh` KHDObkp_eylvKHDOHU2hÖl@@p_ebl_ev FOHDQqbklblvFOHDQHU2klÖn@@m[hjsbpZ OHDGjmdhh^blvOHDGHU2lÖd@@eb^_j VSHDN]hhjblvVSHDNHU2spÖk@@hjZlhj IOe_lZlvIOHU2 flaK@@ezlqbd GUkmrblvGUHU2draK@@kmrbedZ EXihdmiZlvEXHU2baK@@ihdmiZl_ev GULYHh^blvGULYHU2draKv@@h^bl_ev ZDLWh[kem`blvZDLWHU2weKt@@hnbpbZgl WUDLQlj_gbjhZlvWUDLQHU2treKn@@lj_g_j VDYHkiZkZlvVDYHU2seKv@@kiZkZl_ev SODb]jZlvSODHU2pleK@@b]jhd h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ m lZdbo kms_klbl_evguo khojZgy_lky amd @@ i_j_^ hdhgqZgb_fWHDFKHUV2tÖ¶@z@NHHSHUV2kÖp@z@OHDGHUV2lÖd@z@ZDLWHUV2weKt@z@ H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_kms_klbl_evgu_fh]mlbf_lvjZagu_agZq_gby IOHUezlqbdbebklhdZFOHDQHUm[hjsbpZbqbklys__kj_^klh AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud :ULWHUV ZULWH WDOHV 5HDGHUV UHDG WKH WDOHV 7HDFKHUV WHDFK FKLOGUHQ OHDQHUV FOHDQ WDEOHV 3DLQWHUVSDLQWODEHOV%XHUVEXWKHODEHOV3ODHUVSODLQWHDPV7KHOHDGHUVOHDGWKHWHDPV 7KLV ZULWHU ZULWHV WDOHV 7KH UHDGHU UHDGV WKH WDOHV 7KLV SDLQWHU SDLQWV WUHHV 7KH NHHSHU NHHSV WKLQJV 7KH KHDOHU KHDOV FKLOGUHQ 7KH WUDLQHU WUDLQV SODHUV 7KH WLJHUV DQG OLRQV IULJKWHQSHRSOH7KHVDYHUVDYHVSHRSOH)OHUVIO'UHUVGU:HPDNHPLVWDNHV7DNHWKH SODWHDZD5HUHDGWKHWH[W-DQHLVDOLYH'DYHLVDZD0D,UHPDNHWKHODEHO7KHZULWHU UHZULWHVWKHWDOH7KHUHDGHUVUHUHDGWKHWDOHV/DWKHWLHDVLGH:HDUHWLUHG KmnnbdkHU@@h[jZam_lkl_i_gvkjZg_gbymbfzgijbeZ]Zl_evguo ODWHiha^ghODWHUiha^g__ ZHDNkeZ[ucZHDNHUkeZ[__ GHHS]em[hdbcGHHSHU]em[`_ FOHDQqbklucFOHDQHUqbs_ NLQG^h[jucNLQGHU^h[j__ GUkmohcGUHUkmr_ QLFHohjhrbcQLFHUemqr_ KLJKukhdbcKLJKHUur_ OLJKWk_leucOLJKWHUk_le__ EULJKWyjdbcEULJKWHUyjq_ KijbeZ]Zl_evgufbkjZgbl_evghckl_i_gbqZklhmihlj_[ey_lkykhxa WKDQD{n@q_f7KLVSODHULVZHDNHUWKDQWKDWWlhlb]jhdkeZ[__q_flhl AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,ULVLVQLFHUWKDQ9LROHW%ULDQLVNLQGHUWKDQ/LRQHO6LPRQLVZHDNHUWKDQ-DNH7KLVODNHLV GHHSHUWKDQWKDW7KHVHWUHHVDUHKLJKHUWKDQWKRVH0MHDQVDUHFOHDQHUWKDQWKHVH7KHSDSHU LVZKLWHUWKDQWKDW$UHWKHVHWLHVOLJKWHUWKDQWKRVHHVWKHDUH,VWKHWLJHUZHDNHUWKDQWKH OLRQ1RLWLVQ¶W$UHWKHGDVLQ$SULOEULJKWHUWKDQLQ0D1RWKHDUHQRW
  • 55. Ih^_^zfblh]b L_klGZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh VDYHUDLQVDVWDEUHDNWKHZKHHOVHDILUHUHFHLYHQLHFHIOHUGUHUWLUHGLHW L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud ,OLNHKLJKWUHHV7KLVWUHHLVKLJKHUWKDQWKDW:HOLNHPLOGVSULQJV3HWHOLNHVJUHWLHV0WLH LVEULJKWHU0QLHFHLVQLFHU0LNHLVDILQHZDLWHU:KLV0LNHWLUHG7KHFOLHQWVWLUH0LNH 7KHGHVLUHZLQH'DYHLVPQHLJKERXU+HLVDIOHULVDILQHGULYHU+HLVLQKLQD LVQRWVK+HOLNHVWLJHUV:KLVKHQRWDIUDLG7LJHUVIULJKWHQPH,DGPLUHEUDYHSHRSOH 7KHGDLVQLFH7KHILUHLVEULJKW7KHFOLHQWQHHGVDQLURQ,WLVRQWKHWDEOH7DNHWKHLURQ SOHDVH7KHFKLOGUHQUHDG(QJOLVKGLDORJXHV7KHOLNHWKHGLDORJXHV:HDGPLUH(QJODQG Brian and Iris admire lions. AZihfgbl_ljbnlhg]2aK@@h[hagZqZxlke_^mxsb_[mdu
  • 57. j_^dh[mdhkhq_lZgbyLHLDLRGLHWFOLHQWVFLHQFHVRFLHWGLDORJXHOLRQYLROHW =E:: I.Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèåSKîáîçíà÷àåò çâóêf@ SKUDVHfreKz@njZaZSKVLFV2fKzKks@nbabdZSKVLFDO2fKzKk@l@nbabq_kdbc Bkdexq_gb_QHSKHZ2nevjü@ie_fyggbd II. ÁóêâàTâñòðå÷àåòñÿ òîëüêî â áóêâîñî÷åòàíèèTXkw@ TXHHQkwÖn@dhjhe_ZTXLWHkwaKt@kh_jr_gghTXLFNkwKk@[ukljuc AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby (QJOLVKSHRSOHOLYHLQ(QJODQG :g]ebqZg_`bml:g]ebb (QJODQGLVLQ*UHDW%ULWDLQ :g]ebygZoh^blky_ebdh[jblZgbb 7KHFOLPDWHLQ*UHDW%ULWDLQLVPLOG DebfZl_ebdh[jblZgbbfy]dbc 7KHTXHHQOLYHVLQ*UHDW%ULWDLQ Dhjhe_Z`bzl_ebdh[jblZgbb (YHLVDQ(QJOLVKWHDFKHU Bmqbl_evgbpZZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ 6KHWHDFKHVWKUHHWLPHVDZHHN HgZij_ih^ZzlljbjZaZg_^_ex 0LNHWHDFKHV(QJOLVKDQG3KVLFV FZcdij_ih^ZzlZg]ebckdbcbnbabdm 0IULHQGOLNHVSKVLFDOWUDLQLQJ Fhc^jm]KZcex[blnbadmevlmjm ,WLVTXLWHULJKW Wlhkh_jr_ggh_jgh
  • 58. III. Áóêâàâ íà÷àëå ñëîâà ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê ñîãëàñíûé çâóêM@ HVMHV@^ZRXjü@lu Kihfhsvxwlhc[mduh[hagZqZxlkyjmkkdb_amdbzRxXyD jmkkdbobf_gZobgZaZgbyo DOWDYelZHJRU?]hjXOLDXeby)RGRUNz^hjDVKDYrZ DklZlb jmkkdb_ bf_gZ nZfbebb b hlq_klZ ibrmlky g_ ih Zg]ebckdbf ijZbeZfZijhklhi_j_^ZxlkyeZlbgkdbfb[mdZfb%RULV6YHWD,UD/HQD=KHQD 0QDPHLVQRW-DQH 0QDPHLVDQD 0QDPHLVQRW-DNH 0QDPHLVHJRU 0QDPHLVQRW0LNH 0QDPHLVXUD 0QDPHLVQRW/LVD 0QDPHLVXOD FuagZ_fkehZgZqbgZxsb_kyk[mduHVRXhl_szg_kdhevdhkeh RXjü@lu HWjet@_sz HVWHUGD2jest@dK@q_jZ RXUjþ@lhc RXQJjöÎ@fheh^hc RJXUW2jþg@t@d_nbjch]mjl HDUjý @bebjK@@]h^ DUGjÓd@^hj HOORZ 2jell@u@`zeluc AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyHkh[h_gbfZgb_dkehZfRXjü@bRXUjþ@ ,OLNHRXUQDPH Fg_gjZblkylhzbfy ,OLNHRXUVPLOH Fg_gjZblkylhymeu[dZ :HVHHRXUIULHQG Fub^bfZr_]h^jm]Z RXUIULHQGQHHGVDWDEOH Lh_fm^jm]mgm`_gklhe ,OLNHRXDQGRXUIULHQG Fg_gjZbrvkylublhyih^jm]Z :HQHHGRXDQGRXUFKLHI GZfgm`_glublhcr_n 7KHWLUHRXDQGRXUFKLOG Hgbmlhfeyxll_[yblh_]hj_[zgdZ :HQHHGWKUHHHDUV GZfgm`ghljb]h^Z IV.  ñåðåäèíå îäíîñëîæíîãî ñëîâà áóêâà÷èòàåòñÿ ïî çàêîíàì ÷òåíèÿ áóêâûLòî åñòüaK@â îòêðûòîì ñëîãå èK@â çàêðûòîì ñëîãå. VWOHstaKl@klbevWSHtaKp@i_qZlZlvPWKmKT@fbn LZd`_qblZ_lkybfgh]hkeh`guokehZoghgbofgh]hbkdexq_gbc aK@WSLVW2taKpKst@fZrbgbkldZ QORQ2nail@n@g_cehg K@VVWHP2sKst@m@kbkl_fZ VPERO2sKmbl@kbfhe GhVULQJH2sKrKn³@rijbp FQLFDO2sKnKk@l@pbgbqguc FFOHsaKkl@_a^blvgZ_ehkbi_^_ FFORQH2saKkl@un@pbdehg AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud RXUIULHQGLVRXQJ,VVKHDWSLVWXOD LV QRW D WSLVW , WSH WKH WH[WV :H OLNH RXU VVWHPRXUVWOHLVILQHHJRUUHDGVDPWKXUDFFOHVLQDOWD,FFOHZLWKPQLHFHLQ WKHDUG:HEXILQHQORQ7KHGRFWRUQHHGVDVULQJH7KHVHSHRSOHQHHGDVPERO
  • 59. V.  êîíöå äâóñëîæíîãî ñëîâà áóêâà÷èòàåòñÿK@ EDE2beKbK@feZ^_g_p KDSS2h{pK@kqZklebuc ODG2leKdK@^ZfZ YHU2verK@hq_gv OD]2leKzK@e_gbuc HYHU2evrK@dZ`^uc FUD]2kreKzK@[_amfguc FLW2sKtK@[hevrhc]hjh^ JUHHG2grÖdK@`Z^guc ERG2bOdK@l_eh VOHHS2slÖpK@khgguc VRUU2sOrK@`Zev HDV2ÖzK@ijhklhc VWRU2stOrK@jZkkdZa WLG2taKdK@ZddmjZlguc KXQJU2höÎgrK@]heh^guc ;mdZibr_lkydhgp_fgh]bobfzgfm`kdbob`_gkdboGZijbf_jfm`kdh_ bfy%LOO2bKlK@;beebb`_gkdb_bf_gZ$P2eKmK@Wfb3HJJ2pegK@I_]]b AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyI_j__^bl_hijhkudij_^eh`_gbyf ,DPKDSSYkqZkleb $UHRXKDSSHV,DP ,DPYHUKXQJUYhq_gv]heh^gZ $UHRXKXQJUHV,DP ,DPVRUUKh`Ze_xbabgbl_ $UHRXVRUUHV,DP :HDUHKDSSFukqZklebu $UHRXKDSSHVZHDUH :HDUHVOHHSFuohlbfkiZlv $UHRXVOHHSHVZHDUH 7KHDUHOD]Hgbe_gbu_ $UHWKHOD]HVWKHDUH 7KHDUHVRUUHgbkh`Ze_xl $UHWKHVRUUHVWKHDUH %LOOLVVOHHS;beebohq_lkiZlv ,V%LOOVOHHSHVKHLV 3HJJLVYHUWLGI_]]bhq_gvZddmjZlgZ ,V3HJJYHUWLGHVVKHLV VI. Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèÿRRL÷èòàþòñÿ OK@ ERfZevqbd ERLOdbi_lv SRLVRQ2pOKzn@y^ WRb]jmrdZ VSRLOihjlblv WRLOHW2tOKlKt@lmZe_l MRjZ^hklv YRLFH]hehk DYRLG@ 2vOKd@ba[_]Zlv URDOdhjhe_kdbc QRLVHrmf HQMRKn 2³OK@gZkeZ`^Zlvky ORDO_jguc MRLQklmiZlv DQQR@ 2nOK@jZa^jZ`Zlv RLOfZkehjZklbl_evgh_ SRLQWlhqdZmdZauZlv GHVWURdK 2strOK@jZajmrZlv bnlhg]OK@_klvfm`kdhfbf_gb5RrOK@Jhc`_gkdhfbf_gb)ORflOK@Nehc AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 5RLVDQ(QJOLVKER JhcZg]ebckdbcfZevqbd 7KLVERLVPORDOIULHQG WlhlfZevqbdfhc_jguc^jm] -RLQPWHDP5R klmiZcfhxdhfZg^mJhc 7KHWLJHUWRLVPMR B]jmr_qguclb]jzghdfhyjZ^hklv
  • 60. 7KHERHQMRVWKLVWR B]jmrdZ^hklZey_lfZevqbdmm^hhevklb_ RXUYRLFHDQQRVWKHERV Lhc]hehkjZa^jZ`Z_lfZevqbdh %RVEUHDNWRV FZevqbdbehfZxlb]jmrdb 7KLVQRLVHDQQRVPIULHQGV WlhlrmfjZa^jZ`Z_lfhbo^jma_c BlZd[mdZmqZklm_lh[hagZq_gbbgZibkvf_g_kdhevdbokhamqbc aK@ IOFUWUIUGUZKVWOH aK@@ GUHUIOHU eK@ GDVDSODVWDPDWKH eK@@ SODHUVDHU OK@ ERWRMRDQQRGHVWUR OK@@ GHVWURHU H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_ijbihye_gbbhdhgqZgbyVmkehk[mdhcihke_ kh]eZkghcdhgp_kehZ[mdZaZf_gy_lkyijbgZibkZgbbgZL IOIOLHVflaKz@fmobFUFULHVkraKz@djbdbFLWFLWLHV2sKtKz@]hjh^Z VWRUVWRULHV2stOrKz@jZkkdZauODGODGLHV2leKdKz@^ZfuERGERGLHV2bOdKz@l_eZ WUWULHVtraKz@iulZ_lkyGUGULHVdraKz@ulbjZ_lIUIULHVfraKz@`Zjbl PDUUPDUULHV2m{rKz@`_gblkyFDUUFDUULHV2k{rKz@g_kzl ?keb`_[mdZklhblihke_]eZkghclhhgZg_aZf_gy_lkygZL SODSODVGDGDVVWDVWDVSDSDVZDZDVSUDSUDV AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_bi_j__^bl_ij_^eh`_gby 0ERSODVLQWKHDUG7KHIOLHVDUHRQWKHFDNH.DWHODVWKHFDNHRQWKHSODWH7KHWRV OLHRQWKHWDEOH7KHGDVDUHEULJKW-DNHZULWHVQLFHVWRULHV/LVDIULHVILQHVWHDNV'DYHGULHV WKHSODWHV7KHERVVWDOHDYHV+HIOLHVRQ)ULGD:HIOLQ-XO3HJJEXVRJXUW %WKHZDZKDUHWKHSHDFKHVFKHDS7KHDUHILQH-DQHEXVPHDWWKUHHWLPHVDZHHN 7KHVDWKLVRXQJODGLVKDSS,VD(YH,VRXUFKLOGYHURXQJ:HUHDGVWRULHV H[jZlbl_gbfZgb_YHUPXFKmö¶@i_j_h^blkydZdhq_gv ,OLNH(QJOLVKYHUPXFK Fg_hq_gvgjZblkyZg]ebckdbcyaud 7KLVQRLVHDQQRVPHYHUPXFK Wlhlrmfhq_gvjZa^jZ`Z_lf_gy )ORQHHGVWKHWRYHUPXFK Nehchq_gvgm`gZwlZb]jmrdZ 7KHHQMRWKHVRQJYHUPXFK I_kgy^hklZey_lbf[hevrh_m^hhevklb_ :HPLVVRXYHUPXFK Fuhq_gvkdmqZ_fhZk 7KDQNRXYHUPXFK ;hevrh_ZfkiZkb[h Ih]hhjbfh]jZffZlbd_ KmnnbdkuOihfh]Zxlh[jZahZlvbf_gZijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ UDLQUDLQ2reKnK@^h`^ebuc ZLQGZLQG2wKndK@_lj_guc QRLVHQRLV2nOKzK@rmfguc RLORLO2OKlK@fZkeygbkluc GDGDLO2deKlK@_`_^g_guc ZHHNZHHNO2wÖklK@_`_g_^_evguc
  • 61. IjbihfhsbkmnnbdkZOh[jZamxlkygZj_qbyhlbfzgijbeZ]Zl_evguo EULJKWEULJKWO2braKtlK@yjdh TXLFNTXLFNO2kwKklK@[ukljh QLFHQLFHO2naKslK@ohjhrh KDSSKDSSLO2h{pKlK@kqZklebh IjbihfhsbkmnnbdkZWh[jZamxlkybf_gZkms_klbl_evgu_ ORDOORDOW2lOKltK@_jghklvURDOURDOW2rOKltK@dhjhe_kdZyeZklv hijhkbl_evgu_kehZZKDWwOt@qlhZKHUHwE@@]^_ZKHQwen@dh]^Z KehhZKHUHjZaguoihabpbyoqblZ_lkyihjZaghfm?kebihke_g_]hke_^m_l kehhgZqbgZxs__kyk]eZkghclh[mdZUklZghblkyqblZ_fhc ZKHUHLV2 wE@rKz@ZKHUHDUH2wE@rÓ@ :KHUHLVWKHNH=^_dexq :KHUHLVPER=^_fhcfZevqbd :KHUHDUHRXUWRV=^_lhbb]jmrdb :KHUHDUHWKHWLJKWV=^_dhe]hldb :KDWLVWKLVQlhwlh :KDWLVRQWKHSODWHQlhgZlZj_ed_ :KDWLVEWKHFKLOGQlhhdhehj_[zgdZ :KDWLVRXUQDPHDZdl_[yahml :KHQLV(YHVOHHSDh]^ZBohq_lkiZlv :KHQDP,KDSSDh]^ZykqZkleb AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud :KHUHLVWKH ER +H LV LQ WKH DUG :KHUH LV P WLH ,W LV LQ WKH ER[ :KHUH LV P EDE %LOOLVERXUQLHFH:KHUHDUHWKHVZHHWV7KHDUHLQWKHER[:KHUHDUHWKHFKLOGUHQ 7KHDUHLQWKHDUG:KHUHLVPWDEOH:KHQDUHWKHQLJKWVOLJKW7KHDUHOLJKWLQ-XO :KHQ DUH WKH GDV EULJKW 7KH DUH EULJKW LQ VSULQJ :KHQ LV 3HJJ KDSS 6KH LV KDSS ZKHQVKHSODV:KDWLVLQWKHDUG7KHWUHHVDUH:KDWLVLQWKHJUHER[7KHWLHLV:KHQ DUHWKHERVWLUHG7KHDUHWLUHGZKHQWKHSODQRLVJDPHV Ijbly`Zl_evguc iZ^_` Bf_gZ kms_klbl_evgu_ h[hagZqZxsb_ `bh_ kms_klh fh]ml mihlj_[eylvky ijbly`Zl_evghf iZ^_`_ ihdZaZl_e_f dhlhjh]h yey_lky[mdZVijbkh_^bgy_fZydbf_gbkms_klbl_evghfmijbihfhsbZihkljhnZ aZiylhck_jomwlbokemqZyo¶VqblZ_lkylZd V@ ihke_]emobokh]eZkguo.DWH¶VHHV]eZaZD_cl ]@ ihke_ahgdbokh]eZkguob]eZkguo%LOO¶VWRVb]jmrdb;beeb L]@ ihke_rbiysbobkbklysboPQLHFH¶VQDPHbfyfh_cie_fyggbpu I_j_h^ij_^eh`_gbckh^_j`Zsbo]jmiiuklZdbfhij_^_e_gb_femqr_k_]h gZqbgZlvkbf_gbkms_klbl_evgh]hklhys_]hihke_ZihkljhnZ 7KLVRXQJODG¶VEDELVYHUQLFH J_[zghdwlhcfheh^hce_^bhq_gvohjhr 7KHJUHDWZULWHU¶VVWRULHVDUHILQH JZkkdZauwlh]h_ebdh]hibkZl_eyij_djZkgu Bf_gZ kms_klbl_evgu_ bf_xsb_ h fgh`_kl_gghf qbke_ hdhgqZgb_ V g_ baf_gyxlkygZkemoZihkljhn`_klZblkyihke_hdhgqZgbyV 7KHERV¶JDPHVDUHYHUQRLV B]jufZevqbdhkebrdhfrmfgu_ 7KHEDELHV¶VPLOHVDUHILQH Meu[dbfeZ^_gp_hqZjhZl_evgu
  • 62. IjbgZ^e_`ghklvfh`_l[ulvlZd`_ujZ`_gZijbihfhsbij_^eh]ZRIOv@ DVKHHWRISDSHUebkl[mfZ]b DSLHFHRIPHDWdmkhdfykZ DSLHFHRILFHdmkhdev^Z DER[RIVZHHWVdhjh[dZdhgn_l DVOLFHRIFKHHVHehflbdkujZ DYRLFHRISHRSOH]eZkgZjh^Z DGDRIWKHZHHN^_gvg_^_eb WKHFURIWKHFKLOGieZqj_[zgdZ WKHHHVRIWKHER]eZaZfZevqbdZ WKHQDPHRIWKHJDPHgZaZgb_b]ju WKHQDPHRIWKHFLWgZaZgb_]hjh^Z WKHQDPHRIWKHVWUHHWgZaZgb_mebpu HdhgqZgbykehHURUDUUHihke_kh]eZkguoqblZxlkyi_j_^RIdZd@r@ WKHOHDGHURIWKHWHDP WKHWHDFKHURIWKHERV WKHGRFWRURIPEDE WKHPDNHURIWKHWDEOHV WKHFHQWUHRIWKHVWUHHW WKHVDYHURIWKHFKLOGUHQ WKHSODHURIPWHDP DOLWUHRIPLON DPHWUHRIQORQ ey h^mr_ezgguo ij_^f_lh hafh`gu h[Z kihkh[Z ujZ`_gby ijbgZ^e_`ghklbZ^eyg_h^mr_ezgguoebrvij_^eh`gu_]jmiiukRI 0IULHQG¶VQDPHLV$P Fhxih^jm]mahmlWfb 7KHQDPHRIPWUDLQHULVXU Bfyfh_]hlj_g_jZXjbc 5HDGWKHQDPHRIWKHJDPH IjhqblZcl_gZaZgb_b]ju Bkdexq_gb_khklZeyxlkms_klbl_evgu_h[hagZqZxsb__^bgbpuj_f_gb ILYHPLQXWHV¶EUHDNiylbfbgmlguci_j_juWKUHHGDV¶ZDLWljzo^g_gh_h`b^Zgb_ FuihagZdhfbebkvkhfgh]bfbij_^eh]ZfbAZihfgbl_bij_^eh]ZLWKwKD@k WHDZLWKVZHHWVqZckdhgn_lZfb DFDNHZLWKFUHDPibjh`gh_kdj_fhf VZHHWVZLWKFUHDPdhgn_lukdj_fhf RJXUWZLWKSHDFKHVch]mjlki_jkbdZfb DWDEOHZLWKDER[klhekysbdhf MHDQVZLWKDODEHO^`bgkukwlbd_ldhc DIDFHZLWKDVPLOHebphkmeu[dhc DODGZLWKDNLQGIDFH^ZfZk^h[jufebphf Ijbihfhsbij_^eh]ZZLWKi_j_^ZzlkylZd`_lhjbl_evguciZ^_` 7KHERVSODZLWKWRV FZevqbdbb]jZxlb]jmrdZfb ,FOHDQSODWHVZLWKWKLVZKLWHFOHDQHU YqbsmlZj_edbwlbf[_eufihjhrdhf Ih^_^zfblh]b L_klGZibrbl_ljZgkdjbipbxke_^mxsbokeh GDSODVKVNWUHWHVVWOHWSHWRERVOHHSHDVOD]WLG L_klIjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbybi_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud 5R SODV ZLWK LQ WKH DUG /LVD VNDWHV ZLWK 0LNH :H VNL LQ WKH ILHOG :H HQMR WKLV JDPH7KHOHDYHWKHFLWZLWKMR,VWDZLWKPORDOIULHQG7KHERUHDGVDQ(QJOLVKWH[W ZLWKWKHWHDFKHU7KHHQMR(QJOLVK,QHHGDWDEOHZLWKWKUHHER[HV:HVHHDWLJHUWRZLWK JUHHQHHV7KLVERSODVZLWKPWR,OLNHWKLVSODFHZLWKDPLOGFOLPDWH,DPKDSSZLWK PZLIHDQGPFKLOG3OHDVHEULQJPHWHDZLWKFUHDPDQGRJXUWZLWKSHDFKHV0DNHWKUHH FDNHVZLWKFUHDP0WUDLQHU¶VYRLFHDQQRVPH.HHSRXUERGFOHDQ,DJUHHZLWKRX
  • 63. Every boy may play with my toys. Ql_gb_[mdujZaguoihabpbyoZlZd`_[mdhkhq_lZgbck j@ eK@ aK@ OK@ K@ HV VD P ER EDE HW GD E WR ODG RX OD IO MR OD] RXU PD FU HQMR FUD] HDU ZD GU DQQR UDLQ RXQJ SD WU URDO HDV Bgh]^Z[mdZqblZ_lkydhgp_^mkeh`gh]hkehZdZdaK@ DOO2{laK@khxagbdGHQdK2naK@hljbpZlvUHSOrK2plaK@hl_qZlv-XO³ü2laK@bxev DklZlb[mdhkhq_lZgbyHHHLfh]mlh[hagZqZlvke_^mxsb_amdb eK@ JUHWKHHLJKWZHLJKWQHLJKERXU Ö@ NHUHFHLYHGHFHLYHFRQFHLYHUHFHLSWGHFHLWFRQFHLWFHLOLQJ aK@ HHEHHLWKHUQHLWKHUKHLJKW Èç íàðîäíîé ìóäðîñòè: The voice of the people is the voice of God. Ãëàñ íàðîäà åñòü ãëàñ áîæèé. In the evening you may praise the day. Äåíü õâàëÿò âå÷åðîì. Take things easy. Ñìîòðè íà âåùè ïðîñòî. =E:: I. Åñëè çà áóêâîé g ñëåäóþò ãëàñíûå e, i, y, òî îíà ÷èòàåòñÿ³@ DJHeK³@hajZklSDJHpeK³@kljZgbpZFDJHkeK³@de_ldZVWDJHsteK³@kp_gZ UDQJH2reKn³@^bklZgpbydjm]FKDQJH2¶eKn³@f_gylvVWUDQJH2streKn³@kljZgguc GDQJHU2deKn³@@hiZkghklvDJHQW2eK³@nt@Z]_glUHJLRQ2rÖ³@n@h[eZklv JP³Km@kihjlbgucaZePDQDJH2m{nK³@mijZeylv Bkdexq_gbyJHWget@ihemqZlvJLYHgKv@^ZZlvJLIWgKft@^ZjJLUOgýl@^_hqdZ EHJLQbK 2gKn@gZqbgZlv ;mdZJh[hagZqZ_lamd³@lZd`_fm`kdhfbf_gb*HQH³Ön@ `bg b `_gkdhfbf_gb*LOO³Kl@`beWlhlamd_klvgZaZgbyomq_[guoij_^f_lh DOJHEUD2{l³Kbr@@Ze]_[jZJHRPHWU³K 2OmKtrK@]_hf_ljby JHRJUDSK³K 2Ogr@fK@]_h]jZnbyELRORJbaK 2Ol@³K@[bheh]by
  • 64. AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 7KHIR[LVLQDFDJH EbkZgZoh^blkyde_ld_ 7KHFDJHLVRQWKHVWDJH De_ldZklhblgZkp_g_ *HQHLVPDJHQW `bgfhcij_^klZbl_ev :KDWLVWKHDJHRIRXUDJHQW DZdhhajZklZr_]hZ]_glZ +HLVPDJH HgfhzfhajZkl_ RXUDJHQWLVYHUVWUDQJH ZrZ]_glhq_gvkljZgguc KDQJHRXUDJHQW Kf_gbl_kh_]hij_^klZbl_ey 7DNHRXUFKDQJHSOHDVH Ih`ZemcklZhavfbl_k^Zqm RXUOLIHLVLQGDQJHU ZrZ`bagvhiZkghklb ,JHWILYHVLQDOJHEUDDQGJHRPHWU YihemqZxiylzjdbihZe]_[j_b]_hf_ljbb 7KHELRORJWHDFKHUJLYHVPHILYHV Mqbl_evih[bheh]bbklZblfg_iylzjdb ,W¶VDEULJKWSDJHLQPOLIH WlhyjdZykljZgbpZfh_c`bagb II. ÁóêâàNïåðåäQíå ÷èòàåòñÿ: NQHHnÖ@dhe_ghNQLIHnaKf@gh`NQLWnit@yaZlvNQRFNnOk@klmqZlv III. ÁóêâàR â îòêðûòîì ñëîãå ÷èòàåòñÿ@u@ QRg_l QRVHghk DORQH@ 2l@un@h^gZ JRb^lb_oZlv FRVmxlguc VWRYHdmohggZyieblZ VRlZdlZdhc KRSHgZ^_ylvky EURNHkehfZe DJR@ 2g@u@lhfmgZaZ^ KROHhl_jklb_ MRNHrmlblv WRHiZe_pgZgh]_ SROHihexk VWRQHdZf_gv QRWHaZf_ldZ JOREH]eh[mk SKRQHl_e_nhg KRPH^hf^hfhc VPRNHdmjblv VRDSfueh PRGHklbev RSHQhldjuZlv URDG^hjh]Z ZKROHh@ul@p_euc FORVHkl@uz@aZdjuZlv FRDWiZevlh WKRVHD@uz@l_ FORWKHVkl@uDz@h^_`^Z WRDVW]j_ghd URVHjhaZ PRPHQW2m@ument@fhf_gl RYHU2@uv@@gZ^ Bkdexq_gbySRHW 2p@uKt@ ihwlSRHP 2p@uKm@ klbohlhj_gb_ JRQHgOn@ ihl_jyggucZlZd`_]jmiiukehhdhlhjuofu[m^_f]hhjblvhkh[h bnlhg]@u@ijbkmlklm_lgZaZgbbf_kyp_2FWREHUOk 2t@ub@@hdly[jvb 1RYHPEHUn@u 2vemb@@ghy[jvfm`kdbobf_gZo7RQ 2t@unK@Lhgb-R³@u@`hb `_gkdbobf_gZo)ORfl@u@Nehm5RVHr@uz@JhmaZlZd`_hkdebpZgbbhZo©2Kª @u@2K5RVH,DPVRKDSS2KQR:oJhmaYlZdkqZklebHg_l AZ^Zgb_IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gby 7RQDQG5RVHJRRQWKDWURDG LhgbbJhmaoh^ylihlhc^hjh]_ 7KRVHERVJRKRPHDORQH L_fZevqbdboh^yl^hfhch^gb 7RQDQG-RVPRNHLQWKHWRLOHW Lhgbb`hdmjyllmZe_l_