خط فارسی‐عربی یکی از پرکاربردترین خطهای جهان میباشد که زبانهای بسیاری با الفباها و قلمهای گوناگون با آن نگارش میشوند و به همین دلیل قواعد و استثناءهای متنوعی برای آن بهوجود آمده است. کدگذاریِ معناییِ این خط و راهکارهای نمایش متن در رایانهها نیز پیچیدگیهایی به این خط افزوده است، تا حدّی که درک و استفاده از این خط در محیطهای رایانهای را دچار مشکل کرده است. در اینجا به تعریف اصولِ نوشتهنگاریِ خط فارسی‐عربی و نحوهی تعریف آنها در محیطهای رایانهای میپردازیم. سپس ایراداتِ راهکارهای فعلی را بررسی کرده و به مسائلِ کاربردیای میپردازیم که با راهکارهای موجود قابل رفع نمیباشند. در انتها مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری را برای خط فارسی‐عربی تعریف کرده و با آن به حل مسائل کاربردی میپردازیم.
What else Unicode still needs to do for the Perso-Arabic script.
Behnam Esfahbod – http://behnam.es/
37th Internationalization and Unicode Conference – October 2013 – Santa Clara, CA
Understanding the potential of the Facebook Open Graph and Graph APIMeddle
Facebook's Open Graph may be the most radical marketing innovation to date.
Here are some examples of how Facebook technology is "taking over the web" and the opportunities it presents to marketers.
Presentation made to students at NYU, 02.24.2011.
A look at Facebook's updated Open Graph protocol, including what it is, how it works, the benefits, and what you can do to start taking advantage of what Open Graph provides to enhance your marketing and advertising.
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
Comparative Analysis of W3C Text Layout RequirementsBehnam Esfahbod
W3C's Internationalization Activity is documenting text layout and typographic needs of various writing systems and languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Indic, and Japanese for better support in web technologies and other e-publications. Working Groups are formed by experts from around the world to document these requirements and the existing gaps between the real-world expectation and existing solutions.
In this talk, we’ll have a review of the Working Groups activities and comparative analysis of their publications, looking at problems and solutions unique to each writing system and/or language, and how common problems are addressed differently. Major requirement areas covered are: script overview, document compositions, page formats, paragraph and line compositions and adjustments, inline features, and special cases.
Internationalization & Unicode Conference 41 — October 17, 2017
What else Unicode still needs to do for the Perso-Arabic script.
Behnam Esfahbod – http://behnam.es/
37th Internationalization and Unicode Conference – October 2013 – Santa Clara, CA
Understanding the potential of the Facebook Open Graph and Graph APIMeddle
Facebook's Open Graph may be the most radical marketing innovation to date.
Here are some examples of how Facebook technology is "taking over the web" and the opportunities it presents to marketers.
Presentation made to students at NYU, 02.24.2011.
A look at Facebook's updated Open Graph protocol, including what it is, how it works, the benefits, and what you can do to start taking advantage of what Open Graph provides to enhance your marketing and advertising.
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
Comparative Analysis of W3C Text Layout RequirementsBehnam Esfahbod
W3C's Internationalization Activity is documenting text layout and typographic needs of various writing systems and languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Indic, and Japanese for better support in web technologies and other e-publications. Working Groups are formed by experts from around the world to document these requirements and the existing gaps between the real-world expectation and existing solutions.
In this talk, we’ll have a review of the Working Groups activities and comparative analysis of their publications, looking at problems and solutions unique to each writing system and/or language, and how common problems are addressed differently. Major requirement areas covered are: script overview, document compositions, page formats, paragraph and line compositions and adjustments, inline features, and special cases.
Internationalization & Unicode Conference 41 — October 17, 2017
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. چالشهای خط فارسی‐عربی
زبانها و قلمها
گردش اطالعات بین کاربر و محیط رایانهای
مشکالت فعلی
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 2
3. زبانها و قلمها
0 تعداد زیاد زبانها (از جنوب و غرب آسیا تا شمال و غرب آفریقا)
0 هر زبانی حروفی را تغییر داده یا حروف جدیدی اضافه کرده است
0 بیش از ۰۰۲ حرف در آخرین نسخهی استانداردها
0 قلمها یا شیوههای نگارش متفاوت
کوفی، نسخ، ثلث، محقق، ریحان، رقاع، توقیع، دیوانی، تعلیق، نستعلیق و شکستهنستعلیق
0 وابستگی به منطقهی جغرافیایی و زبان مردم
ا ّا عناصر مشترکی در همهی این قلمها وجود دارد
م
که خط فارسی‐عربی را تعریف میکنند!
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 3
4. گردش اطالعات بین کاربر و محیط رایانهای
۲) نمایش متن ۱) ذخیره
۴) ورود متن ۳) متن نوشتهشده
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 4
5. مشکالت فعلی
0 آشنایی کاربران با تعداد محدودی از الفباها
0 اطالعات ناقص برای طراحی و پیادهسازیِ فونت
0 تکزبانه یا چندزبانه
0 همنشینیِ زبانها و الفباها در محیطهای رایانهای
(مانند نامهای دامنههای اینترنتی) 0 نامها در کاربردها، وبگاهها و فضاهای نامگذاری
0 نبود روش مناسب برای مقایسهی ظاهری کلمات
0 نمیتوان از مقایسهی حروف به تشابه کلمات پی برد
ردت ترد مهلک کلمه
ردن نرد کمهل ملکه
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 5
6. اصول نوشتهنگاری خط فارسی‐عربی
شکلگیری کلمه
انواع حروف در خط
تنوع حروف در الفباها
انواع اتصال و انفصال
شکلهای پایه و کمکی
نشانههای آوانمایی
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 6
11. شکلهای پایه و کمکی
شکلهای کمکی
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 11
12. نشانههای آوانمایی
0 در باال یا پایین حروف قرار میگیرند
0 ممکن است با هم ترکیب شوند
ّ + ً = ًّ
0 گاهی نشانههای آوانمایی با حروف ترکیب شده و حروف جدیدی میسازند
و+ ُ=ۇ
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 21
13. کدگذاری خط فارسی‐عربی
کدگذاریهای شکلی و معنایی
خط فارسی‐عربی در یونیکد
مشخصههای نویسهها
پیچیدگیهای مدل یونیکد
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 31
14. کدگذاریهای شکلی و معنایی
نویسه ← نمود یا شکل 0 کدگذاریهای شکلی
0 روش قدیمی. بر اساس استانداردها و دوفاکتوهای ماشینهای تحریر
0 پیچیدگیِ بیشتر در هنگام پردازشِ متن
← 0xDAس / س
← 0xDBس/ س
نویسه ← حرف یا نشانه 0 کدگذاریهای معنایی
0 روش فعلی. ذخیره و انتقال حروف به ترتیب معنایی (منطقی)
0 تشخیص نمود بر اساس مشخصههای حرف و نویسههای قبل و بعدش
0 نیاز به نویسههای تنظیم انفصال و اتصال
3360 ← 0xس / س / س/ س
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 41
15. خط فارسی‐عربی در یونیکد
0 الگوریتمها و مشخصهها برای نمایش متن
جهت ذخیرهسازی داده گامها:
س م ال ۱‐ کدگذاری معنایی
م سل ا ۲‐ الگوریتم دوجهته
م س ل ا ۳‐ الگوریتم اتصال
م س ال ۴‐ جایگزینی لیگاتورها
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 51
16. مشخصههای نویسهها
0 نوع اتصال نویسه
فاصل، راستوصل، دووصل نویسههای حرفی
شفاف نویسههای نشانههای آوانمایی
واصل نویسههای اتصال مجازی
فاصل نویسههای فاصلهی مجازی
0 گروه اتصال نویسه
0 شکل پایهی یکسان در همهی نمودها
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 61
17. پیچیدگیهای مدل یونیکد
0 خط فارسی‐عربی در یونیکد از الفباهای زیادی پشتیبانی میکند
۱) نویسههایی وجود دارند که در چند نمود خاص کامالً همشکل میباشند
یای فارسی و یای عربی در دو نمود پیشپاره و میانپاره همشکلاند
۲) نویسههایی وجود دارند که (در همهی نمودهایشان) در الفبایی معادلِ یک حرف واحد
میباشند، ولی در الفبایی دیگر معادل دو حرف میباشند
یا و یای بری اردو در الفبای فارسی معادل یک حرفاند
۳) یک نویسه ممکن است در قلمی/زبانی خاص به شکلی دیگر نمایش داده شود
حرف یای کشمیری در نمود تهپاره یا تکپاره به شکلِ یک یای فارسی با حلقهای در زیرش ظاهر میشود، در
قلم نستعلیق به شکل یک یای فارسی میباشد که انتهای آن بریده شده است
۴) ترکیب یک نویسهی حرفی با یک نویسهی آوانمایی ممکن است به تغییر ظاهر نویسهی
حرفی بیانجامد
حرف یای عربی هنگامی که با نشانهی همزهی باال همراه شود باید بدون نقطه ظاهر شود
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 71
18. پیچیدگیهای مدل یونیکد (۲)
۵) نویسههای حرفیای وجود دارند که از نظر شکل با ترکیب یک نویسهی حرفی و یک
نشانهی آوانمایی کامالً یکسان میباشند، امّا از نظر یونیکد همارز شناخته نمیشوند
ح با همزهی باال همارز با دنبالهی حرف «ح» و همزهی باال «ـٔ» نمیباشد
0 روش توصیف شکلهای نویسهها، گروه اتصال، دارای چند ایراد بنیادی است
۶) تنها به شکل پایهی حروف اهمیت داده است و هیچ اطالعی از جزئیات ظاهری حروف
در اختیار نمیگذارد
نویسههای گروههای Yehو Farsi_Yeh
۷) اطالع کمی از شکلهای پایه میدهد
گروههای Yeh ،Noon ،Behو Farsi_Yehنمودهای ابتدایی و میانی یکسان دارند
۸) اضافه شدن نویسههای جدید در نسخههای متوالی یونیکد
تعداد گروههای اتصال همیشه در حال افزایش است، اما شکل پایهی جدیدی تعریف نمیشود
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 81
19. مسائل کاربردی
طراحی و پیادهسازی فونت
محیطهای چندزبانه
نیازها
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 91
20. طراحی و پیادهسازی فونت
0 عدم وجود اطالعات کافی برای سازندگان فونتها
0 عدم وجود روشی برای بررسی صحت فونتها
0 کمبود اطالعات ساختیافته برای نویسههای فارسی‐عربی
0 شکل مرجع برای نمودهای تکپاره
0 یادداشتهایی برای برخی از نویسهها
0 توضیحاتی در مورد استثناءها
0 طراحان فونت با مشکل مواجه هستند
0 رفتار فونتهای موجود ناهمگون است
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 02
21. شکلهای ممکن برای نمودهای حروف خانوادهی «ها»
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 12
22. محیطهای چندزبانه
0 مشکالت در تشخیص و واردکردن متن
0 کاربر با همهی نویسهها آشنا نیست
0 هیچگاه سامانه برای نمایش و ورود درست همهی الفباها آماده نیست
0 استفادهپذیری و امنیتی
کاربر فارسیزبان
<ق ,ی ,ق ,د> دقیق <ق ,ی ,ق ,د>
ورود متن نمایش متن
<ق ,ي ,ق ,د> دقیق <ق ,ي ,ق ,د>
کاربر عربیزبان
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 22
23. نیازها
0 اطالعات شکلی تمامی نویسههای حرفی و آوانمایی خط
0 اطالعات ساختیافتهی کافی در مورد جزئیات شکلهای نمودها
0 توصیف جزئیات شکلها مستقل از قلم
0 هر شکل (از یک نمود) در کدام زبانها یا قلمها کاربرد دارد
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 32
24. مدل انتزاعی نوشتهنگاری
شکلهای انتزاعی
رابطهی شکلهای انتزاعی پایه و نویسهها
دنبالههای شکلی
کلمات همشکل و مشابه
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 42
25. شکلهای انتزاعی
0 هر نمود از حروف دارای حداقل یک شکل پایه است
تکپاره (۵۲) 0 چهار گروه: پیشپاره (۱۱) میانپاره(۱۱) تهپاره (۴۲)
0 برخی از نمودها دارای شکلهای کمکی نیز میباشند
0 نویسههای آوانمایی دقیقا یک شکل کمکی دارند
روی (۲) پایین (۰۲) انتها (۳) 0 چهار گروه: باال (۲۳)
0 هر نمود حرفی یا نویسهی آوانمایی یک یا چند دنبالهی شکل دارد
0 لیگاتورها در این مدل نیاز به تعریفِ شکلهای انتزاعی ندارند
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 52
26. رابطهی شکلهای انتزاعی پایه و نویسهها
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 62
27. »دنبالههای شکلی برای چند نویسهی حرفیِ نمونه از خانوادهی «یا
دنبالهی شکلی انتزاعی گروه قلمها زبانها )نام نویسه(ها )کد نویسه(ها
YehIsol تکپاره
YehFina تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+0649
BehInit پیشپاره ALEF MAKSURA
BehMedi میانپاره
YehIsol, TwoDotsBelow تکپاره
YehFina, TwoDotsBelow تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+064A
BehInit, TwoDotsBelow پیشپاره YEH
BehMedi, TwoDotsBelow میانپاره
YehIsol تکپاره
YehFina تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+06CC
BehInit, TwoDotsBelow پیشپاره FARSI YEH
BehMedi, TwoDotsBelow میانپاره
YehIsol, TailEnd تکپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+06CD
YehFina, TailEnd تهپاره YEH WITH TAIL
۱۳۹۱ تیرماه مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 27
28. »دنبالههای شکلی برای چند نویسهی حرفیِ نمونه از خانوادهی «کاف
دنبالهی شکلی انتزاعی گروه قلمها زبانها )نام نویسه(ها )کد نویسه(ها
KafIsol, KafchehAbove تکپاره
KafFina, KafchehAbove تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+0643
KehInit پیشپاره KAF
KehMedi میانپاره
KehIsol تکپاره
KehFina تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+06A9
KehInit پیشپاره KEHEH
KehMedi میانپاره
SwashKafIsol تکپاره
SwashKafFina تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
FA, AR U+06A9
SwashKafInit پیشپاره KEHEH
SwashKafMedi میانپاره
SwashKafIsol تکپاره
SwashKafFina تهپاره ARABIC LETTER
U+06AA
SwashKafInit پیشپاره SWASH KAF
SwashKafMedi میانپاره
۱۳۹۱ تیرماه مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 28
29. دنبالههای شکلی
0 برای هر کلمه نیز دنبالههای شکلیای تعریف میشود
0 توالیِ دنبالههای شکلیِ نویسهها کلمه (حرفی و آوانمایی)
0 رشتههای نویسهای برای یک دنبالهی شکلی
0 پیدا کردن رشتههای نویسهای به طوری که دنبالهی شکلی آنها برابر با
ِ
دنبالهی شکلیِ مطلوب باشد
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 92
30. کلمات همشکل و مشابه
0 کلمات همشکل
0 با تبدیل رشتهی نویسههای یک کلمه به دنبالههای شکلِ آن، و تبدیل
دوبارهی دنبالههای شکلی به رشتههای نویسهایِ آنها
0 کلمات مشابه
0 با تعریف یک تابع متریک برای دنبالههای شکلی
0 شکلهای پایه را با یکدیگر مقایسه کرده و شکلهای کمکی را با یکدیگر
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 03
31. کاربردهای مدل انتزاعی
سیب
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 13
32. کاربردهای مدل انتزاعی
0 اطالعات ساختیافته برای همهی نمودهای نویسههای حرفی
0 جزئیات کافی در مورد زبانها و قلمها
⇐ میتواند مرجعی کافی برای طراحی فونت باشد
0 میتوان کلمات همشکل یا مشابه را شناسایی کرد
0 مسائل امنیتی و استفادهپذیری قابل پیشگیری خواهند بود
تیرماه ۱۹۳۱ مدلِ انتزاعیِ نوشتهنگاری برای خط فارسی‐عربی 23