This document provides a summary of English verb endings and their functions in 3 sentences or less:
The document outlines 8 types of verb endings in English, what they are added to, and what meaning they provide. It also includes examples of how verb endings change the meaning and function of words. Additionally, it lists 22 "irregular verbs" where the past tense and past participle forms are identical.
Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It began breaking up around 200 million years ago due to the movement of tectonic plates. As the plates drifted apart, new oceans formed and the continents separated into their current configurations.
This document discusses offline robot programming (OLP) which allows simulating and graphically developing robot trajectories without physical access to the manipulator or its environment. OLP can verify controller configurations and corresponding corrections. It enables easily demonstrating complex trajectories and tasks. The offline program gives robots the ability to perform preset tasks safely and interact with peripheral equipment.
This document provides an overview and illustrations of Sharp Corporation's UX-176/FO-355 model. Key details include:
- Descriptions of the device's simple and intuitive user interface designed for ease of use.
- Explanations of the modular construction which allows for easy maintenance and replacement of individual parts.
- Recommendations to contact a Sharp dealer for any issues that cannot be addressed through the user manual, in order to ensure proper use of the device.
Timur Aiotv about Carders and Bank Plastic Cards in RussiaTimur AITOV
The document discusses the Russian credit card market. It notes that in 2006, credit card use began growing rapidly at an annual rate of 35%, with total credit card debt reaching 103.5 billion rubles by 2008. However, the overall number of credit cards per capita remains low compared to developed countries. The introduction of new universal credit cards and expanded bank lending are helping drive further market growth and modernization of Russia's financial system.
Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It began breaking up around 200 million years ago due to the movement of tectonic plates. As the plates drifted apart, new oceans formed and the continents separated into their current configurations.
This document discusses offline robot programming (OLP) which allows simulating and graphically developing robot trajectories without physical access to the manipulator or its environment. OLP can verify controller configurations and corresponding corrections. It enables easily demonstrating complex trajectories and tasks. The offline program gives robots the ability to perform preset tasks safely and interact with peripheral equipment.
This document provides an overview and illustrations of Sharp Corporation's UX-176/FO-355 model. Key details include:
- Descriptions of the device's simple and intuitive user interface designed for ease of use.
- Explanations of the modular construction which allows for easy maintenance and replacement of individual parts.
- Recommendations to contact a Sharp dealer for any issues that cannot be addressed through the user manual, in order to ensure proper use of the device.
Timur Aiotv about Carders and Bank Plastic Cards in RussiaTimur AITOV
The document discusses the Russian credit card market. It notes that in 2006, credit card use began growing rapidly at an annual rate of 35%, with total credit card debt reaching 103.5 billion rubles by 2008. However, the overall number of credit cards per capita remains low compared to developed countries. The introduction of new universal credit cards and expanded bank lending are helping drive further market growth and modernization of Russia's financial system.
Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town in Warwickshire, England located on the River Avon. It has a population of around 25,500 people and is best known as the birthplace of William Shakespeare. Stratford receives around 3 million visitors per year who come to see attractions related to Shakespeare like his birthplace, Anne Hathaway's Cottage, and performances at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Tourism is a major industry for the town due to its association with Shakespeare.
Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town in Warwickshire, England located on the River Avon, about 22 miles from Birmingham. It has a population of around 25,500 people and is a popular tourist destination receiving 3 million visitors annually, drawn to the town as it is the birthplace of William Shakespeare. The Royal Shakespeare Company resides in the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, one of Britain's most important cultural venues. Tourism is a major source of prosperity for the town's businesses.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it reverses direction periodically unlike direct current from batteries. It then discusses simple AC circuits including resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits and how the capacitor charges and discharges over time. The document also covers applications of RC circuits including using them as filters to block or pass certain frequency ranges. Diodes are introduced which allow current to flow in only one direction, enabling their use to convert AC to DC. Finally, applications like radio tuning and Marx generators are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses different types of popular sports in Britain, Russia, and around the world. It lists various individual and team sports like football, rugby, cricket, golf, boxing, horse racing, cycling, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, polo, basketball, motor racing, bowling, hockey, swimming, sailing, skiing, darts, billiards, track and field, gymnastics, chess, figure skating, parachute jumping, weightlifting, running, snowboarding, wrestling, and judo. The document asks what kinds of sports are popular in different countries.
This document provides information about English grammar related to the accusative with the infinitive, adverbs, degrees of comparison of adverbs, and auxiliary verbs. It discusses:
- When to use the infinitive without "to" and with "to"
- Types of adverbs and how to form adverbs from adjectives
- Degrees of comparison for adverbs
- Using adverbs to modify verbs
- The auxiliary verb "to have" and its uses.
The document provides guidance on solving word problems involving inequalities (BT) that often appear on university entrance exams. It begins by introducing common inequalities like the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. It then discusses how to properly evaluate solutions obtained from chaining multiple transformations, noting that the final equality condition must match those of the initial transformations. Examples are given to demonstrate analyzing problems by first determining the equality conditions before applying evaluation methods. The document aims to help students better understand how to logically solve inequality word problems.
Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town in Warwickshire, England located on the River Avon. It has a population of around 25,500 people and is best known as the birthplace of William Shakespeare. Stratford receives around 3 million visitors per year who come to see attractions related to Shakespeare like his birthplace, Anne Hathaway's Cottage, and performances at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Tourism is a major industry for the town due to its association with Shakespeare.
Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town in Warwickshire, England located on the River Avon, about 22 miles from Birmingham. It has a population of around 25,500 people and is a popular tourist destination receiving 3 million visitors annually, drawn to the town as it is the birthplace of William Shakespeare. The Royal Shakespeare Company resides in the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, one of Britain's most important cultural venues. Tourism is a major source of prosperity for the town's businesses.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it reverses direction periodically unlike direct current from batteries. It then discusses simple AC circuits including resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits and how the capacitor charges and discharges over time. The document also covers applications of RC circuits including using them as filters to block or pass certain frequency ranges. Diodes are introduced which allow current to flow in only one direction, enabling their use to convert AC to DC. Finally, applications like radio tuning and Marx generators are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses different types of popular sports in Britain, Russia, and around the world. It lists various individual and team sports like football, rugby, cricket, golf, boxing, horse racing, cycling, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, polo, basketball, motor racing, bowling, hockey, swimming, sailing, skiing, darts, billiards, track and field, gymnastics, chess, figure skating, parachute jumping, weightlifting, running, snowboarding, wrestling, and judo. The document asks what kinds of sports are popular in different countries.
This document provides information about English grammar related to the accusative with the infinitive, adverbs, degrees of comparison of adverbs, and auxiliary verbs. It discusses:
- When to use the infinitive without "to" and with "to"
- Types of adverbs and how to form adverbs from adjectives
- Degrees of comparison for adverbs
- Using adverbs to modify verbs
- The auxiliary verb "to have" and its uses.
The document provides guidance on solving word problems involving inequalities (BT) that often appear on university entrance exams. It begins by introducing common inequalities like the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. It then discusses how to properly evaluate solutions obtained from chaining multiple transformations, noting that the final equality condition must match those of the initial transformations. Examples are given to demonstrate analyzing problems by first determining the equality conditions before applying evaluation methods. The document aims to help students better understand how to logically solve inequality word problems.
This document discusses Mongolia's healthcare system and recommendations for improvement. It notes that Mongolians spend on average 5 hours to see a doctor due to overcrowding at hospitals. It recommends increasing funding for healthcare, improving facilities and equipment, and training more medical professionals to international standards. The document advocates for integrating traditional Mongolian medicine with modern practices. It calls for reforms to make healthcare more accessible nationwide and to improve quality of care.
This document contains two passages. The first passage discusses how gold remains the same regardless of what jewellery is made from it, and how milk from cows of different colors is the same. Similarly, worship remains the same no matter what flowers are used. This shows unity in diversity.
The second passage talks about how even a small action done with a pure heart is equal to an important action, like how a small banyan seed contains a huge future tree. It states that however minor an action may be, if done with sincerity and purity, it will yield great rewards.
This document contains two passages. The first passage discusses how gold remains the same regardless of what jewellery is made from it, and how milk from cows of different colors is the same. Similarly, worship remains the same no matter what flowers are used. This shows unity in diversity.
The second passage talks about how even a small action done with a pure heart is equal to an important action. It provides the example of how a small banyan seed contains a huge future tree. It concludes that however minor an action is, if done with sincerity, it will yield great rewards.
This document provides information about English grammar, specifically auxiliary verbs and adverbs. It discusses the auxiliary verb "to have" and its uses to indicate possession, completed actions, and causation. It also covers the formation and comparison of adverbs from adjectives using suffixes like "-ly". Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The document contrasts adjectives and adverbs, and provides examples of how adverbs modify verbs to indicate manner.
This document discusses multiple intelligences theory. It describes Howard Gardner's theory from 1983 that identifies several distinct types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence. These include linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. The document provides brief descriptions of each type of intelligence.
Canada is a federated country located in North America, bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, Atlantic Ocean to the east, United States to the south, and Pacific Ocean and Alaska to the west. Canada was formerly known as the Dominion of Canada and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Hudson Bay is located within Canada and contains large fish populations as well as whales, dolphins, seals, and caribou.
The Future of Independent Filmmaking Trends and Job OpportunitiesLetsFAME
The landscape of independent filmmaking is evolving at an unprecedented pace. Technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and new distribution models are reshaping the industry, creating new opportunities and challenges for filmmakers and film industry jobs. This article explores the future of independent filmmaking, highlighting key trends and emerging job opportunities.
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23get joys
Uncover the remarkable journey of Sara Saffari, whose transformation from underweight struggles to being recognized as a fitness icon at 23 underscores the importance of perseverance, discipline, and embracing a healthy lifestyle.
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Sagagreendigital
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...greendigital
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfoliogreendigital
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
Architectural Highlights
The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
Sustainable Features
Leonardo DiCaprio is a well-known environmental activist. whose Malibu house reflects his commitment to sustainability. The property incorporates solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable building materials. The landscaping around the house is also designed to be water-efficient. featuring drought-resistant plants and intelligent irrigation systems.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
Privacy and Seclusion
Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.mikedanoffice
Stay ahead of the curve with the latest in Odia entertainment! Our Odia new web series promise an exciting blend of fresh narratives, talented performances, and engaging plots. Immerse yourself in the evolving world of Odia storytelling with our curated selection of cutting-edge web content. for more visit: https://aaonxt.com/series
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Gamegreendigital
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio is synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acclaimed performances. has a unique connection with one of America's most beloved sports events—the Super Bowl. The "Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl" phenomenon combines the worlds of cinema and sports. drawing attention from fans of both domains. This article delves into the multifaceted relationship between DiCaprio and the Super Bowl. exploring his appearances at the event, His involvement in Super Bowl advertisements. and his cultural impact that bridges the gap between these two massive entertainment industries.
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Leonardo DiCaprio: The Hollywood Icon
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born in Los Angeles, California, on November 11, 1974. His journey to stardom began at a young age with roles in television commercials and educational programs. DiCaprio's breakthrough came with his portrayal of Luke Brower in the sitcom "Growing Pains" and later as Tobias Wolff in "This Boy's Life" (1993). where he starred alongside Robert De Niro.
Rise to Stardom
DiCaprio's career skyrocketed with his performance in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993). earning him his first Academy Award nomination. He continued to gain acclaim with roles in "Romeo + Juliet" (1996) and "Titanic" (1997). the latter of which cemented his status as a global superstar. Over the years, DiCaprio has showcased his versatility in films like "The Aviator" (2004). "Start" (2010), and "The Revenant" (2015), for which he finally won an Academy Award for Best Actor.
Environmental Activism
Beyond his film career, DiCaprio is also renowned for his environmental activism. He established the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998, focusing on global conservation efforts. His commitment to ecological issues often intersects with his public appearances. including those related to the Super Bowl.
The Super Bowl: An American Institution
History and Significance
The Super Bowl is the National Football League (NFL) championship game. is one of the most-watched sporting events in the world. First played in 1967, the Super Bowl has evolved into a cultural phenomenon. featuring high-profile halftime shows, memorable advertisements, and significant media coverage. The event attracts a diverse audience, from avid sports fans to casual viewers. making it a prime platform for celebrities to appear.
Entertainment and Advertisements
The Super Bowl is not only about football but also about entertainment. The halftime show features performances by some of the biggest names in the music industry. while the commercials are often as anticipated as the game itself. Companies invest millions in Super Bowl ads. creating iconic and sometimes controversial commercials that capture public attention.
Leonardo DiCaprio's Super Bowl Appearances
A Celebrity Among the Fans
Leonardo DiCaprio's presence at the Super Bowl has noted several times. As a high-profile celebrity. DiCaprio attracts
11. 53 àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
rend – ðýíä = ðâàòü ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ ÀËÔÀÂÈÒ.
(rent, rent) (ðýíò)
Âàì îáÿçàòåëüíî íóæíî âûó÷èòü íàèçóñòü íàçâàíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ
shear – øüèý = ñòðè÷ü áóêâ, òàê êàê ïðè öèòèðîâàíèè ñëîâ ïî áóêâàì àíãëè÷àíå ÷¸òêî
(sheared, sheared/shorn*) (øüèýä, øüèýä/ø¸îí)
ïðîèçíîñÿò íàçâàíèÿ áóêâ, èç êîòîðûõ ýòè ñëîâà ñîñòîÿò.
sling – ñëèíã = ìåòàòü Ïî-àíãëèéñêè ýòî íàçûâàåòñÿ “SPELLING”, à «ïðîèçíîñèòü ïî
(slung, slung) (ñëàíã) (èç ïðàùè) áóêâàì» = “to spell”, íàïðèìåð:
ñëîâî “APPLE” àíãëè÷àíèí ïðî÷ò¸ò ïî áóêâàì
slink – ñëèíê = êðàñòüñÿ êàê «ÝÉ- äàáë ÏÈÈ - ÝË - ÈÈ»,
(slunk, slunk) (ñëàíê)
ïðè÷¸ì «äàáë» = “double” çíà÷èò «äâîéíîé» – òàê
smite – ñìàéò = óäàðÿòü ãîâîðÿò àíãëè÷àíå âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû ãîâîðèòü «ÏÈÈ - ÏÈÈ»
(smote, smit/smitten) (ñìîóò, ñìèò/ñìèòí) (òî åñòü «2 ïý»).
stave – ñòýéâ = ïðîëàìûâàòü
(staved/stove, staved/stove) (ñòýéâä, ñòîóâ) À [ýé] Í [ýéò÷] Î [îó] V [âè:]
 [áè:] I [àé] Ð [ïè:] W [äàáëú þ:]
string – ñòðèíã = íàíèç(ûâ)àòü Ñ [ñè:] J [äüæåé] Q [êúþ:] Õ [ýêñ]
(strung, strung) (ñòðàíã) D [äè:] Ê [êýé] R [à:] Y [wàé]
Å [è:] L [ýë] S [ýñ] Z [çýä]
wend** – wýíä = óõîäèòü . [ýô] Ì [ýì] T [òè]
(went, went) (wýíò) G [äüæè:] N [ýí] U [þ:]
wring – ðèíã = æàòü (õëåá).
(wrung, wrung) (ðàíã) 1. ÌÍÎÆÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ ×ÈÑËÎ ÑÓÙÅÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ.
Ïðàâèëüíîå îáðàçîâàíèå ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà:
* Ýòè 3-è ôîðìû óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
òîëüêî êàê îïðåäåëåíèÿ; a) ïðè ïîìîùè îêîí÷àíèé “+s”, “+es”:
book → books; bus → buses; shoe → shoes;
** Ýòè ãëàãîëû ñåãîäíÿ óæå íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ, á) êîíå÷íîå “-ó” ïîñëå ñîãëàñíîé èçìåíÿåòñÿ íà “-ie+s”:
íî ñëîâî/ôîðìà “went” lady → ladies; fly → flies; city → cities;
ñåé÷àñ ÿâëÿåòñÿ åù¸ è 2-îé ôîðìîé ãëàãîëà “go”. â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ êîíå÷íîå “-f” ïðåâðàùàåòñÿ â “-ve+s”:
half → halves; knife → knives; leaf → leaves;
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12. 53 àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, óïîòðåáëÿåìûå òîëüêî Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, èìåþùèå âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå
âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå äîïîëíèòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ:
(è ñ ãëàãîëîì â ñëîâàðíîé ôîðìå):
Åäèíñòâåííîå ÷èñëî: Ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî:
archives – ààêàéâç = àðõèâ/-û
binoculars – áàéíîêüþëýñ = áèíîêëü arm – ààì = ðóêà arms – îðóæèå
clothes – êëîó,ñ = îäåæäà colour – êàëý = öâåò colours – ôëàãè
glasses – ãëààñèç = î÷êè custom – êàñòýì = ïðèâû÷êà customs – òàìîæíÿ
jeans – äæüèèíç = äæèíñû
good – ãóä = äîáðî goods – òîâàðû
pants – ïæíòñ = øòàíû; òðóñû
iron – àéýí = æåëåçî irons – íàðó÷íèêè
pyjamas – ïýäææàìýç = ïèæàìà
pain – ïýéí = áîëü pains – óñèëèÿ
scissors – ñèçýñ = íîæíèöû
shorts – øü¸îòñ = øîðòû part – ïààò = ÷àñòü parts – öåëîå
tights – òàéòñ = êîëãîòêè scale – ñêýéë = ìàñøòàá scales – âåñû.
* Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå “trousers” – òðàóçýñ = «áðþêè» òåïåðü 2. ËÈ×ÍÛÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈß.
óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ è â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå “trouser” – òðàóçý
(ÿ ñàì âèäåë âî ìíîãèõ áóòèêàõ â Ëîíäîíå);
Cóáúåêòíûå: Îáúåêòíûå:
Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, èìþùèå ôîðìó ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà,
óïîòðåáëÿåìûå ñ ãëàãîëîì â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå (= “+(e)S”): I: I like Ann. me: Ann likes me.
you: You like Ann. you: Ann likes you.
àthletics – æ6ëåòèêñ = àòëåòèêà he: He likes Ann. him: Ann likes him.
billiards – áèëüýäç = áèëëèàðä, áèëüÿðä she: She likes Ann. her: Ann likes her.
draughts – äðîîòñ = øàøêè
it: It likes Ann. it: Ann likes it.
economics – èêýíîìèêñ = ýêîíîìèêà
we: We like Ann. us: Ann likes us.
gymnastics – äæüèìíæñòèêñ = ãèìíàñòèêà
hysterics – õèñòýðèêñ = èñòåðèÿ you: You like Ann. you: Ann likes you.
mathematics – ìæ6èìæòèêñ = ìàòåìàòèêà they: They like Ann. them: Ann likes them.
physics – ôèçèêñ = ôèçèêà
politics – ïîëèòèêñ = ïîëèòèêà
statistics – ñòýòèñòèêñ = ñòàòèñòèêà;
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13. 53 àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
3. ÏÐÈÒßÆÀÒÅËÜÍÛÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈß. either … or … – àé,ý … îî … = èëè … èëè …:
Either you are wrong or I am.
Hå óïîòðåáëÿåìûå Óïîòðåáëÿåìûå Èëè Âû îøèáàåòåñü, èëè ÿ.
ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî: ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî:
neither – íàé,ý = íè îäèí (èç):
My: It’s my car. Mine: It’s mine. Neither of the two is happy.
Your: It’s your car. Yours: It’s yours. Íè îäèí èç äâîèõ íå ñ÷àñòëèâ.
His: It’s his car. His: It’s his.
Her: It’s her car. Hers: It’s hers. neither … nor … – íàé,ý … íîî … = íè ..., íè ...:
Its: The bird hurt its wing. Its: It’s its. Íå neither drinks, nor smokes.
Our: It’s our car. Ours: It’s ours. Îí íè ïü¸ò, íè êóðèò.
Your: It’s your car. Yours: It’s yours.
Their: It’s their car. Theirs: It’s theirs. every – ýâðè = êàæäûé:
She visits them every third week.
4. ÂÎÇÂÐÀÒÍÛÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈß (= «ñåáÿ», «-cÿ»): Îíà ïðèåçæàåò ê íèì êàæäóþ
òðåòüþ íåäåëþ.
myself – ìàéñýëô –I looked at myself.
yourself – ¸îñýëô – You looked at yourself. each – èèò÷ = êàæäûé (èç):
himself – õèìñýëô – He looked at himself. They cost a pound each.
herself – õœœñýëô – She looked at herself. Îíè ñòîèëè no ôóíòó êàæäàÿ.
itself – èòñýëô – It looked at itself.
ourselves – àóýñýëâç – We looked at ourselves.
6. ÍÅÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÎÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈÅ “OTHER” – à,ý:
yourselves – ¸îñýëâç – You looked at yourselves.
themselves – ,ýìñýëâç – They looked at themselves. Åäèíñòâåííîå ÷èñëî:
other pen = äðóãàÿ/ñëåäóþùàÿ ðó÷êà
5. ÍÅÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÛÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈß: another pen = äðóãàÿ/åù¸ îäíà ðó÷êà
the other pen = (òà) äðóãàÿ ðó÷êà,
all – îîë = öåëûé, âåñü: îñòàâøàÿñÿ ðó÷êà;
He worked all year round.
Îí ðàáîòàë öåëûé ãîä. Ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî:
other boys = äðóãèå ìàëü÷èêè
either – àé,ý = îáà, êàæäûé (èç): the other boys = òå /äðóãèå/îñòàâøèåñÿ ìàëü÷èêè
others* are swimming = äðóãèå ïëûâóò/ïëàâàþò
Either plan is corect. the others* went = òå /äðóãèå/îñòàâøèåñÿ óøëè
Îáà ïëàíà ïðàâèëüíû.
* – èñïîëüçóåòñÿ áåç ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî.
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7. ÑÎÑÒÀÂÍÛÅ ÍÅÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÛÅ ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈß. Êîðíè: 4:
the square root of four
SOME: ANY: NO: EVERY: 4:
ñàì ýíè íîó ýâðè the cube root of four
4:
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: somebody anybody nobody everybody the n-th root of four;
someone anyone no one everyone
ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒ: something anything nothing everything Äðîáè: 1/2:
ÌÅÑÒÎ: somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere one half
ÂÐÅÌß: sometimes at any time never every time. 1/3:
one third
11/13:
8. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÀÐÈÔÌÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß. eleven thirteenths.
Ñëîæåíèå: 2 + 3 = 5:
two plus three equals (or: is) five (èêwýëç). 9. ÎÁÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ ÂÐÅÌÅÍÈ è ÄÀÒÛ:
Âû÷èòàíèå: 6 – 2 = 4:
six minus two equals (or: is) four. Êîòîðûé ÷àñ? = What is the time?
Óìíîæåíèå: 2 × 3 = 6: What time is it now?
two times three equals (or: is) six. l:00 = it’s one o’clock 3:30 = it’s half past 3
Äåëåíèå: 8 : 2 = 4: 3:00 = it’s three o’clock 3:35 = it’s 25 to 4
eight divided by two equals (or: is) four. 3:05 = it’s 5 past 3 3:40 = it’s 20 to 4
3:10 = it’s 10 past 3 3:45 = it’s a quarter to 4
«Îòâåò ðàâåí 7»:
3:15 = it’s a quarter past 3 3:50 = it’s 10 to 4
the result is 7.
3:20 = it’s 20 past 3 3:55 = it’s 5 to 4
Ñòåïåíè: 42:
four squared ß âñòðå÷ó òåáÿ â 1700 = I’ll meet you at 5 p.m.
43: àéë ìèèò þó æò ôàéâ ïèè æì
four cubed I’ll meet you at seventeen 00.
44: àéë ìèèò þó æò ñýâýíòèèí îó-îó
four to the fourth
4n: Âðåìÿ îò ïîëóíî÷è äî ïîëóäíÿ (ò. å. íî÷ü è óòðî)
four to the n-th; îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîêðàùåíèåì a.m. [ei əm]:
5 à.m. – 5 ÷àñîâ óòðà.
10 a.m. – 10 ÷àñîâ óòðà.
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Âðåìÿ îò ïîëóäíÿ äî ïîëóíî÷è (äåíü è âå÷åð) Ìíå íåëüçÿ:
îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîêðàùåíèåì p.m. [pi: əm]: I may not – I may not
5 p.m. = 17:00 èëè «5 ÷àñîâ äíÿ». I must not – I must not
10 p.m. = 22:00 èëè «10 âå÷åðà». I am not to I was not to –
I am not allowed to I was not allowed to I will be not allowed to
Íî ìîæíî, êîíå÷íî, ñêàçàòü è:
Äîëæåí:
at 9 in the morning = â 9 óòðà I must – I must
at 5 in the afternoon = â 5 ïîñëå îáåäà I have to … I had to … I will have to …
at 7 in the evening = â 7 âå÷åðà I am to … I was to … I’ll be to ...
at 11 at night = â 11 âå÷åðà.
Íå äîëæåí:
Ïèøåì: ×èòàåì: I must not I don’t have to … I will not have to …
8th June 1986 = the eighth of June nineteen eighty-six I am not to … I was not to … –
June 8th 1986 = June the eighth, nineteen eighty-six. I don’t have to … I didn’t have to … I will not have to …
Íå íóæíî:
10. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ (ÌÎÄÀËÜÍÛÅ) ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ: I need not/needn’t … – I need not/needn’t …
I don’t need to … I didn’t need to … I won’t need to ...
Íàñòîÿùåå âð.: Ïðîøåäøåå âð.: Áóäóùåå âð.:
Ìîãó, óìåþ: Ìîã, ñ/óìåë: Ñìîãó, ñóìåþ NB. Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî â ïîñëåäíåì ïðèìåðå âèäíî,
áóäó â ñîñòîÿíèè: ↑ êàê ðàçíîå ÂÐÅÌß ïîêàçûâàåòñÿ
òîëüêî ðàçíûìè îòðèöàòåëüíûìè ÷àñòèöàìè !!!
I can I could I can
I am able to … I was able to … I will be able to …
11. ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ ÑËΠâ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÈ:
He ìîãó, íå óìåþ: Íå ìîã, íå óìåë: Íå ñìîãó, íå ñóìåþ,
íå áóäó â ñîñòîÿíèè: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ïîäëåæàùåå Ñêàçóåìîå Äîïîëíåíèå Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî
I cannot, I can't I could not, I couldn't I cannot, I can't
ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒ: ÃËÀÃÎË: ÎÁÚÅÊÒ: äåéñòâèÿ: ìåñòà: âðåìåíè:
I am not able to … I was not able to … I will not able to …
Everybody studies languages intensively at school now.
Ìíå ìîæíî (ðàçðåøàåòñÿ, ðàçðåøåíî): Íå spoke English fluently at our lesson yesterday.
I may – I may
I am allowed to … I was allowed to … I will be allowed to …
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12. ÏÎÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÂÐĄ̊Í: 14. ÏÎÄ×ÈÍÈÒÅËÜÍÛÅ ÑÎÞÇÛ:
Ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: after ïîçäíåå, ïîòîì, ïîñëå
Íå said, “I study English every day”. as êîãäà ...; òàêæå êàê è ...
He said, “I studied English”. as ... as ... òàê ..., êàê …
He said, “I will study English”; as if (as though) ... êàê åñëè áû …
as long as … ïîêà …; äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà íå …
Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: as soon as … êàê òîëüêî …
He said (that) he studied English every day. because ïîòîìó ÷òî
Îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî åæåäíåâíî çàíèìàåòñÿ àíãëèéñêèì. before ðàíåå, äî, ïåðåä
if åñëè; åñëè áû
Íå said he had studied English. in order that … ÷òîáû;
Îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî (ðàíüøå) çàíèìàëñÿ àíãëèéñêèì. äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ...
in spite of … íåñìîòðÿ íà ...
He said (that) he would study English. (the fact that) ... (òîò ôàêò, ÷òî) ...
Îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî áóäåò çàíèìàòüñÿ àíãëèéñêèì. lest ÷òîáû íå
no sooner ... than … íå ðàíåå, ÷åì ...,
íå ïðåæäå, ÷åì ...
13. ÑÎÅÄÈÍÈÒÅËÜÍÛÅ ÑÎÞÇÛ: not as (not so) ... as … íå òàê ..., êàê ...
provided (that …) ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî ...;
and à, è ïðè óñëîâèè, åñëè ...
as well as ... òàêæå, ðàâíî êàê è ... since ïîñêîëüêó; òàê êàê …;
both ... and … è ... è ...; êàê ..., òàê è ... ñ òîãî âðåìåíè êàê ...;
but íî, à ñ òîé ïîðû êàê ...
so that … ÷òîáû …
either ... or … èëè ..., èëè ...
so ... that … òàê, ÷òîáû ...
for òàê êàê, ïîòîìó, ïîñêîëüêó
such ... that … òàêîé, êàê ...
however êàê áû òî íè áûëî
supposing (that) … åñëè ... , ïðåäïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî ...
neither ... nor … íè ..., íè ...
till, until äî; êàê òîëüêî ...,
nevertheless òåì íå ìåíåå.
äî òåõ ïîð êaê ...
or èëè, ëèáî
... than ... ..., ÷åì ...
so òàê ÷òî, èòàê, ïîýòîìó
that ÷òî, ÷òîáû
still íî, òåì íå ìåíåå, âåäü
though, although õîòÿ, õîòü
therefore ïîýòîìó
unless ... åñëè íå ...
thus òàêèì îáðàçîì, òàê
when êîãäà
yet íî, õîòÿ, òåì íå ìåíåå
where ãäå, êóäà
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wherever âåçäå; ãäå áû òî íè áûëî, 3) Çàïÿòûìè âñåãäà îòäåëÿþòñÿ îïðåäåë¸ííûå ñëîâà è âûðàæå-
ãäå óãîäíî, êóäà óãîäíî íèÿ.
whether ëè Ïðåæäå âñåãî ðå÷ü èä¸ò î:
while ... ïîêà, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ...
however êàê áû òî íè áûëî
15. ÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËÅÍÈÅ ÇÀÏßÒÛÕ. nevertheless òåì íå ìåíåå, íåñìîòðÿ íà ...
in òó opinion ïî ìîåìó ìíåíèþ
Ïðè íàïèñàíèè òåõ èëè èíûõ àíãëèéñêèõ òåêñòîâ çàïÿòàÿ íåîá- therefore ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïîýòîìó
õîäèìà, â îñíîâíîì, äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ðàçäåëÿòü äëèííûå ïðåäëîæå- indeed íà ñàìîì äåëå, äåéñòâèòåëüíî
íèÿ íà áîëåå êîðîòêèå. evidently è obviously âèäèìî, ïîæàëóé, ÿâíî
Çà÷àñòóþ îò ñàìîãî àâòîðà òåêñòà çàâèñèò, ïîñòàâèò îí çàïÿòóþ well íó, ...
èëè íåò. Åñëè ó Âàñ áóäóò ñîìíåíèÿ – ñòàâèòü èëè íå ñòàâèòü –
– ëó÷øå îáîéäèòåñü áåç íå¸! – In my opinion, he was guilty.
È íàîáîðîò – åñëè çàïÿòàÿ ïîìîæåò ëó÷øå ïîíÿòü ñìûñë ïðåä- – Ïî ìîåìó ìíåíèþ, îí áûë âèíîâåí.
ëîæåíèÿ, òî ëó÷øå å¸ ïîñòàâüòå! – The judge’s opinion, however, was that he was innocent.
– Ho no ìíåíèþ ñóäüè, êàê áû òî íè áûëî, îí áûë íåâèíîâåí;
Âîò îñíîâíûå ïðàâèëà óïîòðåáëåíèÿ çàïÿòûõ:
1) Åñëè â ñëîæíîñî÷èí¸ííîì ïðåäëîæåíèè åãî ÷àñòè ñîåäèíåíû 4) Çàïÿòîé îòäåëÿþòñÿ ðàâíîçíà÷íûå, íî ïðîòèâîðå÷àùèå
ñîþçàìè and, or, but, for, nor, neither, yet: äðóã äðóãó âûðàæåíèÿ:
– Mary works hard, but her sister is lazy. – His name is Michael, not John.
– Ìýðè óïîðíî ðàáîòàåò, íî å¸ ñåñòðà ëåíèâà. – Åãî çîâóò Ìàéêë, à íå Äæîí;
NB: Íî â êðàòêèõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ çàïÿòûå íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ: 5) Çàïÿòàÿ îáÿçàòåëüíà:
à) ïåðåä è ïîñëå “PLEASE”:
– Mary studied and John played.
– Ìýðè ó÷èëàñü, à Äæîí èãðàë; – Can you lend me the book, please?
– Âû íå îäîëæèòå ìíå êíèæêó, ïîæàëóéñòà?
2) Çàïÿòûìè âûäåëÿþòñÿ âòîðîñòåïåííûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ èëè ãðóï-
ïû ñëîâ, èìåþùèå ÷èñòî îáúÿñíÿþùóþ ôóíêöèþ, è áåç êîòîðûõ á) ïîñëå “YES” è “NO”:
ìîæíî îáîéòèñü:
– Yes, I can.
– The date of Easter, as is well known, changes from year to year. – Äà, ÿ ìîãó.
– Äàòà ïàñõè, êàê ýòî õîðîøî èçâåñòíî, ìåíÿåòñÿ â êàæäîì ãîäó; – No, I cannot.
– Íåò, íå ìîãó;
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â) ïåðåä èëè ïîñëå èìåíè ñîáñòâåííîãî ïðè îáðàùåíèè: 9) Çàïÿòîé ðàçäåëÿþòñÿ äàòû è íàçâàíèÿ ìåñòíîñòåé:
- Come in, John! – Íå left May 10, 1998 to go to London.
- Âõîäè, Äæîí! – Îí óø¸ë 10 ìàÿ 1998 ãîäà, ÷òîáû îòïðàâèòüñÿ â Ëîíäîí.
ã) ïðè ïåðå÷èñëåíèè: – There he met a young woman from Cincinnati, Ohio.
... cars, lorries, ships and planes ... - ìàøèíû, ãðóçîâèêè, – Òàì îí âñòðåòèë äåâóøêó èç Öèíöèííàòè, øòàò Îãàéî;
ñóäà è ñàìîë¸òû;
ä) åñëè â ñëîæíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè 10) Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà, ñòîÿùèå â íà÷àëå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, îáÿçàòåëü-
âòîðîñòåïåííîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ñòîèò ïåðåä ãëàâíûì: íî îòäåëÿþòñÿ çàïÿòîé:
– When she returned, I made a cup of coffee. – Outside, a lot of people were waiting for me.
– Êîãäà îíà âåðíóëàñü, ÿ ñäåëàë ÷àøêó êîôå; – Ñíàðóæè ìåíÿ æäàëî ìíîæåñòâî ëþäåé;
6) Çàïÿòûìè âûäåëÿþòñÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûå îáúÿñíåíèÿ: 11) Çàïÿòàÿ ñòàâèòñÿ ïåðåä àëüòåðíàòèâíûì âîïðîñîì:
– Mr. Green, the headmaster of our school, told me to write to him.
– This house is theirs, isn’t it?
– Mp. Ãðèí, äèðåêòîð íàøåé øêîëû, âåëåë ìíå íàïèñàòü åìó;
– Ýòîò äîì èõ, íå òàê ëè?
7) Çàïÿòîé âûäåëÿþòñÿ äååïðè÷àñòíûå îáîðîòû:
– John wasn’t ill, was he?
– Íå came here, having first parked his car. – Äæîí íå áûë áîëåí, íå òàê ëè?
– Îí ïðèø¸ë ñþäà, ïðèïàðêîâàâ ñíà÷àëà ñâîþ ìàøèíó;
– Jack didn’t find the key, did he?
8) Çàïÿòàÿ óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ñ ïðÿìîé ðå÷üþ: – Äæåê íå íàø¸ë êëþ÷à, íå òàê ëè?
– She said, “It’s none of your business!”.
16. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈß ÏÐÅÄËÎÃÎÂ:
– Îíà ñêàçàëà: «Ýòî íå òâî¸ äåëî!».
– “By mistakes we learn!”, said John. about – ýáàóò = î, îá; îêîëî; âîêðóã; êðóãîì
– «Ìû ó÷èìñÿ íà îøèáêàõ!», – ñêàçàë Äæîí. above – ýáàâ = íàä, âûøå; áîëüøå, ÷åì...
across – ýêðîñ = ïîïåðåê; ÷åðåç; ïî òó ñòîðîíó
– “In my view”, said the judge, “he is innocent!”. after – ààôòý = ïîñëå (ïî âðåìåíè);
– «Ïî ìîåìó ìíåíèþ, – ñêàçàë ñóäüÿ, – îí íåâèíîâåí!»; çà (â ñìûñëå ìåñòà); ïîòîì
against – ýãýéíñò = ïðîòèâ (÷åãî-ëèáî, êîãî-ëèáî)
along – ýëîíã = âäîëü; ïî
among – ýìàíã = ìåæäó; ñðåäè
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around – ýðàóíä = âîêðóã; êðóãîì ÍÀÃËßÄÍÛÅ ÈËËÞÑÒÐÀÖÈÈ
at – æò = ó; âîçëå; â;
ÏÎ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÞ ÏÐÅÄËÎÃÎÂ
â (ñî çíà÷åíèåì âðåìåíè)
before – áèôîî = äî (ñî çíà÷åíèåì âðåìåíè),
ïåðåä (äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìåñòà) about – î, îá
They are talking about nature.
behind – áèõàéíä = ïîçàäè; çà
Îíè ãîâîðÿò î ïðèðîäå.
below – áèëîó = ïîä; íèæå
beside – áèñàéä = ðÿäîì ñ; îêîëî
about – îêîëî, ïðèìåðíî (â …)
between – áèòwèèí = ìåæäó äâóìÿ
8:00 I’ll come about 8 o’clock.
beyond – áè¸íä = ïî òó ñòîðîíó; çà
Ïðèäó îêîëî âîñüìè.
by – áàé = ê (ê êàêîìó-òî ñðîêó); ó; âîçëå; ìèìî
during – äúþýðèíã = â òå÷åíèå; âî âðåìÿ
about – âîêðóã, îêîëî (î ìåñòå)
except – èêñýïò = çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì
She likes to have people about her.
for – ôîî = äëÿ; çà
Îíà ëþáèò èìåòü ëþäåé âîêðóã ñåáÿ.
from – ôðîì = îò; ñ
in – èí = â (â çíà÷åíèè ìåñòà);
above – íàä, âûøå
÷åðåç (â çíà÷åíèè âðåìåíè)
The temperature was above average recently.
of – îô, îâ = èç; â; 9876543210987654321
Íåäàâíî òåìïåðàòóðà áûëà âûøå ñðåäíåé.
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à òàêæå óêàçûâàåò íà ðîäèò. ïàäåæ,
ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü
across – ÷åðåç, ñêîâçü
on – îí = íà (â çíà÷åíèè ìåñòà); ïî; ïîñëå;
I helped the blind man across the street.
î, îá
ß ïîìîã ñëåïîìó ïåðåéòè ÷åðåç óëèöó.
out, – àóò,
out from àóò ôðîì }
= èç
across – íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé ñòîðîíå
over – îóâý = íàä; ñâåðõ; ÷åðåç My house is just across the square.
through – 6ðóó = ÷åðåç; èç-çà Ìîé äîì ñòîèò íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé
till – òèë = äî; âïëîòü äî ñòîðîíå ïëîùàäè.
towards – òýwîîäç = ê; ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ê
under – àíäý = ïîä (÷åì-òî) after – ïîñëå, ÷åðåç (î âðåìåíè)
up – àï = ââåðõ ïî; ââåðõ She returned after me.
with – wè, = ñ Îíà âåðíóëàñü ïîñëå ìåíÿ.
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20. 53 àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
against – ïðîòèâ; íà, î(á) before – ïåðåä, äî (î ìåñòå,
We discussed the arguments for and against. î ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè)
Ìû îáñóäèëè àðãóìåíòû «çà» è «ïðîòèâ». His name comes before mine on the list.
Åãî èìÿ ñòîèò â ñïèñêå ïåðåä ìîèì.
He leaned against the wall.
Îí îáëîêîòèëñÿ íà (îá) ñòåíó. behind – çà, ñçàäè, ïîçàäè
The garden behind your house is beautiful.
along – âäîëü, ïî Ñàä, êîòîðûé íàõîäèòñÿ çà òâîèì äîìîì,
I love driving along narrow country lanes. âåëèêîëåïåí.
Ëþáëþ åçäèòü ïî óçêèì ñåëüñêèì äîðîãàì.
below – ïîä, íèæå ÷åì, ïî
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among – ñðåäè, ìåæäó The water reaches to just below the knees.
He was never particularly popular among his Âîäû â ðåêå åäâà ïî êîëåíî.
colleagues.
Îí íèêîãäà íå áûë ïîïóëÿðåí ñðåäè beside – îêîëî, âáëèçè, ðÿäîì ñ
ñâîèõ êîëëåã. She sudddenly got up from beside me
and hurried out.
around (round) – âîêðóã Îíà âíåçàïíî âñòàëà ñ ìåñòà ðÿäîì ñî
The satellite has passed once more around ìíîþ è âûáåæàëà.
the Earth.
Ñïóòíèê åù¸ ðàç îáëåòåë âîêðóã Çåìëè. between – ìåæäó (äâóìÿ)
The train was standing on the border between
at – íà, â, ó (î ìåñòå), çà .rance and Spain.
He was standing at the window. Ïîåçä ñòîÿë íà ãðàíèöå ìåæäó
Îí ñòîÿë ó îêíà. Ôðàíöèåé è Èñïàíèåé.
at – ê, ïî, íà, â (íàïðàâëåíèè) beyond – çà, íà äðóãîé ñòîðîíå, ïî äðóãîé ñòîðî-
He picked up a stone and threw it at me. íå; ïîçàäè, ñçàäè; âíå
Îí ïîäíÿë êàìåíü è áðîñèë åãî â ìåíÿ. Beyond our house we have a long sandy beach.
Ïîçàäè íàøåãî äîìà åñòü äëèííûé ïåñ÷àíûé
at – â (î âðåìåíè) ïëÿæ.
7:00 He is having breakfast at this moment.
 ýòîò ìîìåíò îí çàâòðàêàåò. 54321
543211 by – ó, ïðè, îêîëî
54321
During summer holidays they spent three days
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before – ïåðåä, äî, ðàíüøå (î âðåìåíè)
5432
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54321 by the sea.
I’ll get home an hour before the time. 54321
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Âî âðåìÿ ëåòíèõ êàíèêóë îíè ïðîâåëè òðè äíÿ
ß ïîïàäó äîìîé íà ÷àñ ðàíüøå. ó ìîðÿ.
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21. 53 àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
down – âíèç, ïî in – â; ÷åðåç (î âðåìåíè)
Steve was running down the hill, crying 432109876543210987654321
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432109876543210987654321 In the evening I lost my watch in the dark.
silently. 432109876543210987654321
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432109876543210987654321 Âå÷åðîì ÿ ïîòåðÿë ÷àñû â òåìíîòå.
Ñòèâ áåæàë âíèç ïî ñêëîíó õîëìà
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è ìîë÷à ïëàêàë. I’ll be back in a sec.
1
ß âåðíóñü ÷åðåç ñåêóíäó.
during – âî âðåìÿ …, â òå÷åíèå …,
â òî âðåìÿ êàê … in front of – ïåðåä(î), âïåðåäè
20:00 24:00 During the night a woman was shot dead in the hotel. The car in front of me stopped suddenly
Íî÷üþ â îòåëå áûëà çàñòðåëåíà æåíùèíà. and I had to brake.
Ìàøèíà ïåðåäî ìíîþ âíåçàïíî îñòàíîâèëàñü,
ð
for – äëÿ, çà, ðàäè, èç-çà (ïðè÷èíà)
è ÿ áûë âûíóæäåí çàòîðìîçèòü.
Children couldn’t speak for laughing.
Äåòè íå ìîãëè ãîâîðèòü èç-çà ñìåõà.
into – â, âîâíóòðü, âíóòðü
for – íà, äëÿ (öåëü); â òå÷åíèå Two rivers flow into the Baltic Sea.
A poor man brought his old watch for sale. Äâå ðåêè âïàäàþò â Áàëòèéñêîå ìîðå.
Áåäíÿê ïðèí¸ñ ñâîè ñòàðûå ÷àñû íà ïðîäàæó.
of – î, èç
for – íà, â, ê (íàïðàâëåíèå) People who stay abroad often dream of home.
Before you take a train for Glasgow, you must home Ëþäè, íàõîäÿùèåñÿ çà ãðàíèöåé,
change twice. ÷àñòî ìå÷òàþò î äîìå.
Ïåðåä ïîåçäîì íà Ãëàçãî ó Âàñ
äâå ïåðåñàäêè. on – íà (î ìåñòå)
Their clothes hung on a couple of nails.
ð
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for – ê, ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê … 5432109876543210987654321
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Èõ îäåæäà âèñåëà íà ïàðå ãâîçäåé.
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Her hatred for her husband was obvious.
Ÿ íåíàâèñòü ê ìóæó áûëà î÷åâèäíîé.
on – çà, ïîñëå (î âðåìåíè)
for – çà (÷òî-òî), âçàìåí çà … A long period of peace followed on the war.
I paid two pounds for the new textbook. Äîëãèé ïåðèîä ìèðà ïîñëåäîâàë
ß çàïëàòèë äâà ôóíòà çà íîâûé ó÷åáíèê. ïîñëå âîéíû.
from – èç, îò out of – èç
Our cottage stands ten miles from the coast. With your passport you can’t travel out of Russia.
Íàø êîòòåäæ íàõîäèòñÿ â 10 ìèëÿõ Ñ Âàøèì ïàñïîðòîì Âû íå ìîæåòå âûåõàòü
îò ïîáåðåæüÿ. èç Ðîññèè.
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