The document provides an overview of Structured Query Language (SQL) used for managing data in relational databases such as Oracle, MS SQL Server, and MySQL. It covers various SQL operations, including Data Definition Language (DDL) for creating and altering tables, Data Manipulation Language (DML) for inserting and updating records, and Data Retrieval Language (DRL) for querying data. Additionally, it explains Data Control Language (DCL) for managing permissions and gives details on specific Microsoft SQL Server system databases.

1. SQL -- Structured Query Language
SQL is a Structured Query Language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data in database.
RDBMS (relational database management system)
Oracle, MS SQL SERVER, MySQL, DB2, PostgressSQL
DDL: Data Definition Language
Create: table, database
Create table testdb (No varchar(20),passport_No varchar(20),phone_No Varchar(10));
Create database testdb;

2. Instance ---------------- RAM
No of databases
No of tables
No of column
Alter:
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[testdb] ADD Email varchar(255);
select * from [dbo].[testdb]
Truncate:
Truncate table testdb ;
Rename:
ALTER DATABASE MyRapid_DB_1 MODIFY NAME = MyRapid_DB;
Drop:
drop table testdb;
DML - Data manipulating Language
Insert:
insert [dbo].[testdb] values(103,'S07676578',0116102456,'naveen@gmail.com');
insert [dbo].[testdb] values(102,'S07676567',011616745,'kagitha@gmail.com');

3. Update:
update testdb set Phone_no='011615788' where No='102';
update testdb set Email='kagithanaveen@gmail.com' where No='103';
delete:
delete from testdb where email='naveen@gmail.com';
DRL – Data retrieval language
Select:
select * from [dbo].[testdb]
Commit:
update testdb set Email='kagithanaveen1@gmail.com' where No='103';
commit;
DCL: Data Control language
GRANT:
grant select,update,insert,delete on [BookStore].[dbo].[testdb] to public;
REVOKE:
revoke select,update,insert,delete on [BookStore].[dbo].[testdb] from public;

4. MS SQL SERVER:
List the system Databases?
Master
Model
MSDB – SQL agent/jobs
Tempdb
Resource
Distribution
Master:
the database that records the existence of all other databases and the location of
those database files and records the initialization information for SQL Server
Model:
the template database that SQL Server uses to create new databases
MSDB – SQL agent/jobs:
stores information of all SQL Agent jobs as their configuration and their execution
history
Tempdb:
a global resource that holds: Temporary user objects that are explicitly created
Resource:
The Resource database is a read-only database that contains all the system objects that are
included with SQL Server.
Distribution:
stores metadata and history data for all types of replications, and transactions for
transactional replication
Create database testdb
create table tests(phone varchar(12),name varchar(22),id varchar(22))

5. select * from tests
select * from [dbo].[DimProduct]
SELECT ReorderPoint FROM [dbo].[DimProduct]
WHERE ReorderPoint BETWEEN 750 AND 500;
SELECT ReorderPoint FROM [dbo].[DimProduct]
ORDER BY ReorderPoint DESC
SELECT DISTINCT ReorderPoint FROM [dbo].[DimProduct]
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ReorderPoint) FROM [dbo].[DimProduct]