This document discusses Draper Laboratory's expertise in complex systems control for space applications. Draper has decades of experience controlling systems for the Space Shuttle and Space Station, including developing attitude control systems, certifying system performance, and extending vehicle lifetimes. The document outlines Draper's capabilities in areas like modeling, analysis, control design, simulation, and flight readiness certification to support reliable operation of complex space systems.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Spacecraft Control Design Verification
1. Space Station
Complex Systems Control
Naz Bedrossian
The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
Hubble Space Telescope
Space Shuttle
42Klb RS Functional Cargo Block Berthing
1 - 05/09/08
2. Introduction
With many years spaceflight experience, Draper has developed unique
- work processes, technologies, tools
for reliable and high confidence control of complex space systems which
- meet and exceed performance requirements
while
- reducing overall cost and risk
with demonstrated capability to
- extend lifetime, expand capability, recover from failure
System Life-Cycle Phases Where Draper Can Contribute
LIFE EXTENSION EXPAND CAPABILITY FAILURE RECOVERY
2 - 05/09/08
3. Spaceflight Experience – Space Shuttle (1980’s – Present)
Design agent for on-orbit Flight Control System (FCS) for 20+ years
- For unique Shuttle payload flights and Space Station assembly
- Payloads: Space Station, MIR, Hubble Space Telescope, Space Radar Topography Mission
Perform FCS Flight Readiness Certification for all payloads
- Formal process by which spacecraft performance is assured to meet mission objectives despite
uncertainties and failure contingencies
Perform Controller-Structure-Interaction (CSI) Certification
- To preclude dynamic interaction between control systems and spacecraft structure
Provide mission support
- Perform real-time development of contingency responses to in-flight anomalies
Develop FCS Updates
- To meet changing program objectives and reduce operational cost
- Thruster pulse-train solutions have been designed and certified to minimize structural loads
Provide simulation and modeling expertise
- Develop flight validated simulations for Orbiter & Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS)
- Draper SRMS is NASA’s highest fidelity simulation
3 - 05/09/08
4. Spaceflight Experience – Other Spacecraft
Space Station (1998 - Present)
- Perform CSI Flight Readiness Certification for each assembly stage
⋅ For both US CMG and Russian Thruster control systems
- Designed attitude control system for Orbiter Repair Maneuver contingency
⋅ 250Klb Orbiter maneuvered by flexible SRMS while attached to flexible 400Klb Station
flexible
- Implemented in flight software load minimizing thruster pulsetrain
- Provide Russian control systems modeling expertise
Large Space Structures (Classified)
- Derive mission requirements and develop control systems for flex control
Hughes Satellites
- Developed independent vehicle dynamics and control simulations
⋅ Draper derived and implemented the equations of motion for the 5 body flexible dynamics model
- Designed qualification tests
4 - 05/09/08
5. Expand Capability – Shuttle Control Of Very Large Payload
Developed new attitude control system capabilities within existing flight
software in order to control very large payloads
- MIR space station, International Space Station, Hubble Space Telescope
Challenge
- Low frequency flex can cause instability
Solution: Modify Attitude Control System
- Developed notch flex filters to attenuate flex and thruster command shaping to not excite flex
Notch Filtering
- Attenuate low frequency and large amplitude flex for stable control without adversely
affecting rigid-body performance
Thruster Command Shaping
- Used to reduce structural excitation due to control action
- Break-up command into a pulsetrain and introduce time delay between pulses
5 - 05/09/08
6. Expand Capability – Shuttle Control Of Very Large Payload
Flexure at Docking
Interface
Can Cause Instability
When Orbiter Is In
Control
amp *1, freq *0.7, no notches amp *2 freq *1: notches enabled
Without Notch With Notch
0.080 0.20
0.040 0.10
0.000 0.00
Tekplot
Tekplot
WERRY
WERRY
hall
hall
-.040 -0.10
Thu Oct 12 16:20:26 2000
Fri Oct 13 14:18:28 2000
-.080
-12.0 Unstable
-8.0 -4.0
ATTERY
0.0 4.0
-0.20
-15.0 -10.0 Stable -5.0
ATTERY
0.0 5.0 10.0
6 - 05/09/08
7. Expand Capability – Space Station Control Of Very Large Payload
Developed new attitude control system capabilities within existing flight software in order
to control Shuttle attached to robotic arm
- Required capability after Columbia accident to repair Shuttle Tile Protective Services
Tile
Challenge
- Damp large rate errors (up to 0.2deg/sec) while avoiding large Orbiter motion or contact with Station
Orbiter
- Low frequency (in 0.01Hz range) and 10X larger amplitude flex than any other robotic operation
than
- Controller rigid body BW and flex close to each other
- Achieve adequate stability margins while maintaining vehicle control
control
- Design controller not requiring updates even though mass properties and flex different at each waypoint
properties
- Russian thruster controller could not be used as it could not limit thruster on times resulting in large loads
limit
Solution: Modify CMG Attitude Controller For Thruster Control
- Developed new Pulse-Width-Modulation mode for US CMG attitude hold PID controller with new flex filters
Pulse- Width-
to command thrusters instead of CMGs (CMG-RCS in figure)
(CMG-
- This US Thruster Only (USTO) mode has been in use since 2005 for nominal operations
Flex Filters
- Active control of very low frequency flex modes, < 0.04Hz
- Attenuate higher frequency flex modes, > 0.04Hz
- Designed using novel Computational Optimization approach
7 - 05/09/08
8. Expand Capability – Space Station Control Of Very Large Payload
Reposition Orbiter Using Robotic Arm
8 - 05/09/08
9. Expand Capability – Space Station Large Angle Rotation w/ CMGs
Developed new CMG attitude control system capability within existing flight
software to perform large angle rotations without saturating CMGs
- Does not use any thrusters/propellant
Challenge
- Avoid CMG momentum and torque saturation during large angle rotation
- Do not impose restrictions on Station operation, e.g. array articulation
Solution: Develop New ZPM Guidance Method To Command CMG Controller
- Exploit knowledge about environmental dynamics to optimally plan commanded attitude trajectory
in order to extract angular momentum from environment
- Solved using Computational Optimization without any modifications to flight software
Flight Demonstration
- Commanded CMGs to rotate Space Station 90deg (11/5/2006), and 180deg (3/3/2007) without
need to desaturate CMGs with thrusters or change flight software
- On 1/2/2007 identical 180deg rotation with thrusters used ~110lbs of propellant @ ~$1,100,000
9 - 05/09/08
10. Expand Capability – Space Station Large Angle Rotation w/ CMGs
90o ZPM - Flight Telemetry Animation
10 - 05/09/08
11. Recover From Failure – Catch Tumbling Station With CMGs
Applied ZPM guidance to command CMGs and recover attitude control of
Space Station from a tumbling state without saturating momentum
Challenge
- Russian computers failed on June 11, 2007 during STS-117 Shuttle mission
- Closed-loop Station attitude control capability with thrusters was lost
- Station would tumble out-of-control after Shuttle undocking
- Astronauts would have to abandon Station
Solution: Recover Station Attitude Control With ZPM Guidance
- First rate damp without controlling attitude
- Then rotate Station to desired long-term attitude hold orientation
11 - 05/09/08
12. Recover From Failure – Catch Tumbling Station With CMGs
0.1deg/sec Initial Rate Simulation Animation
12 - 05/09/08
13. Unique Technologies To Reduce Cost/Schedule/Risk
Nonlinear Control
- Phase Plane for thruster actuated systems
Forcing Functions
- Used to rapidly evaluate Controller-Structure-Interaction and Loads
Computational Optimization
- Used to design linear and nonlinear control systems for
⋅ Space Station Orbiter Repair PWM thruster control PID gains and flex filters
⋅ Space Station Momentum Manager with peak momentum constraint
- Used for nonlinear trajectory generation
⋅ Space Station ZPM guidance for CMG large angle propellant-free rotations
Command Shaping
- Used to reduce structural excitation due to control action
⋅ Break-up command into a pulsetrain and introduce time delay between pulses
Active Structure Control
13 - 05/09/08
14. Unique Tools To Reduce Cost/Schedule/Risk
Modular, dynamically scalable, and automated tools using COTS SW
- Extensively used to support Shuttle & Space Station Flight Readiness Certification
SiVAT - Singular Value Analysis Tool
- Provides Shuttle stability margins for nonlinear reaction control systems
NoFDAP - Notch Filter Design Analysis Package
- Design Shuttle notch filters to ensure flex stability, stability envelope for robotic motion, and
worst case structural loading
DRS - Draper RMS Simulation
- Flight validated super hi-fi Shuttle arm model
DSS - Draper Space Station Simulation
- Family of modular, hi-fi flex on-orbit simulations including
⋅ Russian Service Module, US CMG, Interim Control Module (NRL) flight control systems, Solar and
flight
Radiator Array Controllers, Robotic Systems
DSAT - Draper Station Analysis Tool
- Automated simulation configuration/analysis process/analysis documentation
⋅ Stability, CSI and robust performance evaluation
14 - 05/09/08
15. Capabilities
Modeling
- Multi-Body Rigid + Flex Dynamics
Analysis
- Frequency Response
- Robust Stability
- Monte Carlo
Control
- Vibration Isolation
- Active Structure Control
- Command Pre-Shaping
- Controller-Structure-Interaction
- Precision Pointing & Tracking
15 - 05/09/08
17. Expand Capability – Space Station Control Of Very Large Payload
Orbiter Position wrt Station Space Station Attitude wrt LVLH
Existing CMG controller design
Orbiter CM Rotation [deg]
CMG controller interacts with SRMS dynamics
Orbiter CM Translation [in]
!
iter
y Orb Space Station Holding Attitude!
na wa
Ru
Large Orbiter motion with respect to Station
A really bad day at the office!
17 - 05/09/08
18. Unique Work Processes – Draper Control Framework
Key Design Criteria
- Controllability, Stability, Loads, Performance
Key System Functions
- Dynamics, Control, Filtering, Command Shaping
18 - 05/09/08
19. Space Station GN&C Systems Certification
Integrated platform for design and verification of aerospace systems
Developed by Draper and in use since 1998 for flight readiness certification of integrated
performance of ISS flexible structure with Russian and US control systems
19 - 05/09/08
20. Unique Work Processes – Flight Readiness Certification I
Quantify achievable performance and risk exposure for available resources
Quantify achievable performance and risk exposure for available resources
Start with simple system models and gradually add fidelity
- Capture most significant dynamics first
⋅ Nonlinear time-invariant rigid dynamics, linear modal form time-invariant flex dynamics
time- time-
⋅ Provides qualitative understanding and confidence to proceed
- Allows low cost and rapid turnaround
- Risk reduced due to rapid evaluation capability for wide range of conditions and parameters
Reduce analysis scope where possible
- All steps for all flights/operations => enormous scope, large $!
- Use analytic and frequency domain methods to rule-out and identify worst-cases
⋅ Classify and prioritize analysis
- Reduces cost and schedule while identifying high risk conditions
High-fidelity complex dynamic models are expensive and time consuming to
develop and do not provide insight and qualitative understanding
- Only gives the illusion of understanding and confidence
20 - 05/09/08
21. Unique Work Processes – Flight Readiness Certification II
Confidence in System Performance is Exponentially Faster & Cheaper To
Confidence in System Performance is Exponentially Faster & Cheaper To
Achieve with Simpler Models Than Accuracy with Complex Models
Achieve with Simpler Models Than Accuracy with Complex Models
Draper uses a two-stage process
- Screening & High-Fidelity Simulation Analysis
Screening Analysis: ~90% of resources
- Wide scope evaluation with high speed tools to ID high risk conditions
- More important to assess performance for a large number of system parameters/conditions
than perform detailed analysis of a few operating points
High-Fidelity Simulation Analysis: ~10% of resources
- For spot-checks and detailed narrow scope evaluation
- Using nonlinear time-varying articulating multi-body rigid/flex dynamics
⋅ Insures time varying effects do not adversely impact performance
Risk vs Cost vs Schedule Tradeoffs
21 - 05/09/08