This document discusses sound equipment and safety procedures. It defines key sound terms like frequency, bass, and treble. It outlines a typical audio chain from inputs to mixing desk to monitors and speakers. It also compares active speakers, which have built-in amplifiers, to passive speakers, which require external amplification. Safety tips are provided around noise levels, manual handling of equipment, and electrical safety.

1. Sound
 Frequency- effectively the pitch of the sound. Measured in Hertz (Hz)
 Bass- low frequency sounds
 Treble- high frequency sounds
 Equalisation (EQ)- the control of the tone of a sound
 Gain- Input level (sensitivity) control.
 Pan- where the sound is placed in the stereo
Health and safety:
 Noise levels- making sure you have PAPERS/DOWN/MUTED, when testing or
plugging /unplugging equipment.
 Don’t stand up next to the speakers.
Manual handling:
 Work in pairs when lifting main speaker status.
 Electrical safety: microphone
 Make sure you don’t touch loose wires. Instruments
CD player/ iPod
Typical audio chain:
XLR/Jack cable
XLR/Jack cable
XLR/Jack cable
INPUT
SOUND
MIXING DESK
RECORDING
EQUIPMENT
MONITOR
FOTI SPEAKERS
OUTPUT

2. Active and Passive
 Active (built-in-amplifier)
 Passive (speaker cable)
 Speakon connector
Active:
 (Positive) Neat
 (Positive Compact
 (Positive) All in one
 (Positive) Less equipment
 All cabling in the same place
 (Negative) more cables by each unit
 (Negative) Heavy (because there is so much in it)
Passive:
 (Negative) more equipment/ separate unit
 (Negative) more cable runs
 (Positive) less cabling to each unit
 (Positive) more lightweight
 (Positive) don’t need power: sockets everywhere
Full range system: 3 pin XLR
Power
Supp Supply
Each speaker has
an an ON and OFF
SUBS
 Reproduce the bass
SUBS
 Reproduce the bass
TOP
 (MIDTOP)
Reproduce treble
and midrange
Master/Desk
stereoout left
LINK
INPUT
Power
Supply
X= Over/Out
INPUT
Each speakerhasan on
and off switch.