The document discusses the sexualization and exploitation of women in human trafficking. Some key points:
- Women and girls make up 95% of human trafficking victims who experience physical or sexual violence. 43% are sex slaves, nearly all women and girls.
- Human trafficking is a $31.6 billion global industry. Victims are typically between 18-24 years old, and 1.2 million are children.
Wendi Kromash created the popular Levy Lecture Series funded by LSCF. She developed the programming, recruited the speakers, and worked with a team to promote the program within Levy Senior Center community as well as greater Evanston.
"Great Americans of Color" who history turned a blind eye to. When individuals make a tremendous contribution to society, but are not given credit where credit is due, I feel compelled to provide the voice that they never had, at the time of their history making events.
Wendi Kromash created the popular Levy Lecture Series funded by LSCF. She developed the programming, recruited the speakers, and worked with a team to promote the program within Levy Senior Center community as well as greater Evanston.
"Great Americans of Color" who history turned a blind eye to. When individuals make a tremendous contribution to society, but are not given credit where credit is due, I feel compelled to provide the voice that they never had, at the time of their history making events.
Detecting and Defeating Stereotypes of Asian Women in Western FilmKarla Bohaty
For my proposed project to the Asian and Asian American Studies Department at Stony Brook University. It will be on display at the Wang Center starting April 16, 2016.
Scenarios USA: Learning from Adolescents' Stories to Maximize the Power of Te...YTH
What do the voices of young people sound like? What stories do they tell? What issues do they struggle with? And where do they identify sources of resilience and resistance? Scenarios USA asked 7,000 youth from underserved communities in Chicago, Cleveland and New York City: What's the REAL DEAL about Place & Power? Staff and researchers from Scenarios, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and the University of Chicago have conducted an in-depth analysis of youths' stories to identify how marginalized adolescents conceptualize their sense of self in relation to place, power and privilege, and how this influences their identity, sense of agency, and broader health and well-being. Today, we will hear the first findings of that analysis from the people who climbed inside the teenagers' stories. We will discuss what we've learned and how youth voices and perspectives can inform the health and technology fields.
African-American Children’s Picturebooks: Examining the Genres of Childhood, ...Angelina Bair, MLIS
By tracing a genre of resistance and cultural identity through African-American children’s picturebooks we can learn about the importance of how children understand themselves and their place within the community. Even during the current Golden Age of publishing, picturebooks still continue to lack African-American writers and illustrators. The question of why this is happening will be covered throughout this study by investigating statistical and scholarly sources. Also, the history of how African-Americans were portrayed in picturebooks through racist and stereotypical portrayals will be examined. Even today scholars continue to debate as to whether published works for children continue to contain racist depictions of Blacks. African-American children’s literature can be used as a tool to discuss how to reimagine racist stereotypes and be aware of the racist history within the stories marketed to children. The political benefit of teaching African-American picturebooks within community settings has key value for children of all races and backgrounds and provides role models that validate the importance of the Black experience in literature. Positive portrayals of African-Americans teach Black children the importance of diversity and prepare them for adulthood. By highlighting African-American children’s literature through, before or after school programs and camps, children will learn the importance of the Black cultural experience and understand the value of sharing and recognizing in the celebration of everyday Black life.
African-American Children’s Picturebooks: Examining the Genres of Childhood, ...Angelina Bair, MLIS
By tracing a genre of resistance and cultural identity through African-American children’s picturebooks we can learn about the importance of how children understand themselves and their place within the community. Even during the current Golden Age of publishing, picturebooks still continue to lack African-American writers and illustrators. The question of why this is happening will be covered throughout this study by investigating statistical and scholarly sources. Also, the history of how African-Americans were portrayed in picturebooks through racist and stereotypical portrayals will be examined. Even today scholars continue to debate as to whether published works for children continue to contain racist depictions of Blacks. African-American children’s literature can be used as a tool to discuss how to reimagine racist stereotypes and be aware of the racist history within the stories marketed to children. The political benefit of teaching African-American picturebooks within community settings has key value for children of all races and backgrounds and provides role models that validate the importance of the Black experience in literature. Positive portrayals of African-Americans teach Black children the importance of diversity and prepare them for adulthood. By highlighting African-American children’s literature through, before or after school programs and camps, children will learn the importance of the Black cultural experience and understand the value of sharing and recognizing in the positive depictions of everyday Black life.
Detecting and Defeating Stereotypes of Asian Women in Western FilmKarla Bohaty
For my proposed project to the Asian and Asian American Studies Department at Stony Brook University. It will be on display at the Wang Center starting April 16, 2016.
Scenarios USA: Learning from Adolescents' Stories to Maximize the Power of Te...YTH
What do the voices of young people sound like? What stories do they tell? What issues do they struggle with? And where do they identify sources of resilience and resistance? Scenarios USA asked 7,000 youth from underserved communities in Chicago, Cleveland and New York City: What's the REAL DEAL about Place & Power? Staff and researchers from Scenarios, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and the University of Chicago have conducted an in-depth analysis of youths' stories to identify how marginalized adolescents conceptualize their sense of self in relation to place, power and privilege, and how this influences their identity, sense of agency, and broader health and well-being. Today, we will hear the first findings of that analysis from the people who climbed inside the teenagers' stories. We will discuss what we've learned and how youth voices and perspectives can inform the health and technology fields.
African-American Children’s Picturebooks: Examining the Genres of Childhood, ...Angelina Bair, MLIS
By tracing a genre of resistance and cultural identity through African-American children’s picturebooks we can learn about the importance of how children understand themselves and their place within the community. Even during the current Golden Age of publishing, picturebooks still continue to lack African-American writers and illustrators. The question of why this is happening will be covered throughout this study by investigating statistical and scholarly sources. Also, the history of how African-Americans were portrayed in picturebooks through racist and stereotypical portrayals will be examined. Even today scholars continue to debate as to whether published works for children continue to contain racist depictions of Blacks. African-American children’s literature can be used as a tool to discuss how to reimagine racist stereotypes and be aware of the racist history within the stories marketed to children. The political benefit of teaching African-American picturebooks within community settings has key value for children of all races and backgrounds and provides role models that validate the importance of the Black experience in literature. Positive portrayals of African-Americans teach Black children the importance of diversity and prepare them for adulthood. By highlighting African-American children’s literature through, before or after school programs and camps, children will learn the importance of the Black cultural experience and understand the value of sharing and recognizing in the celebration of everyday Black life.
African-American Children’s Picturebooks: Examining the Genres of Childhood, ...Angelina Bair, MLIS
By tracing a genre of resistance and cultural identity through African-American children’s picturebooks we can learn about the importance of how children understand themselves and their place within the community. Even during the current Golden Age of publishing, picturebooks still continue to lack African-American writers and illustrators. The question of why this is happening will be covered throughout this study by investigating statistical and scholarly sources. Also, the history of how African-Americans were portrayed in picturebooks through racist and stereotypical portrayals will be examined. Even today scholars continue to debate as to whether published works for children continue to contain racist depictions of Blacks. African-American children’s literature can be used as a tool to discuss how to reimagine racist stereotypes and be aware of the racist history within the stories marketed to children. The political benefit of teaching African-American picturebooks within community settings has key value for children of all races and backgrounds and provides role models that validate the importance of the Black experience in literature. Positive portrayals of African-Americans teach Black children the importance of diversity and prepare them for adulthood. By highlighting African-American children’s literature through, before or after school programs and camps, children will learn the importance of the Black cultural experience and understand the value of sharing and recognizing in the positive depictions of everyday Black life.
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Women and the Science of Belief –Magic of Believing
(An excerpt from the “Strangest Secret Library”)
As ideas for this book occurred to me, I frequently thought of the many famous women who had used the power of belief. Once Ben Hur Lampman specifically suggested that I write about them:
"Many women may not realize they can use your science just as advantageously as men, and you should be specific in your message to them. Once they understand and apply what you give, they'll find themselves in a position to turn the world figuratively upside down. If there were some way for women of all nationalities to unite and use this science, there would be no future wars.
"Women are supreme egotists - when they get the idea they can do something, and that idea becomes thoroughly embedded in their consciousness, they will stop at nothing to achieve their purpose. You know the old saying, 'The female of the species is more deadly than the male.' That is true, and once women understand their power - and you can give them the clue - they may actually run this whole world. Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned, nor hell a fury like a woman scorned,' and once they are aroused and understand what they can accomplish, there will be no stopping them. Women are more versatile, more adaptable. Even though Napoleon declared that he made circumstances, most men are its victims, while women by their very nature of thinking make circumstances serve them."
The session focussed on the CBCA Shortlist titles, discussing the titles as well as highlighting how the shortlist is representative of trends and preoccupations of the current reading landscape.
Paul Macdonald owns the award-winning The Children's Bookshop which has been a Sydney literary institution since 1971. Paul has a Master of Education, working almost 20 years as a teacher of Upper Primary and Secondary.
He has won numerous awards in teaching such as a Quality Teacher Award and The Premiers English Scholarship. Paul won the inaugural Maurice Saxby Award in 2012 for his contributions to raising the profile of teen fiction. Paul Macdonald also was the winner of the 2016 Lady Cutler award for services to children's literature and literacy in Australia.
Paul not only manages The Children’s Bookshop Speakers’ Agency but is also a consultant working with numerous schools focusing on building reading cultures and he is currently completing his PhD focusing on Australian Young Adult literature.
Paul is the author of the picture book The Hole Idea and has written several other academic texts.
Presents the 2010 winners of the Notable Books for a Global Society 2010 selected by the IRA Children's Literature and Reading Special Interest Group. This presentation was created by Karen Hildebrand.
2. Human
Trafficking
21st century modern slavery
• Between 18 and 24 years of
age
• 1.2 million children
• 95% experience physical or
sexual violence
• 43% are sex slaves, of whom
98% are women and
girls
• $31.6 billion annual global
profits of human trafficking
3. Responses to Sold
I would say that this This was an amazing book
book was very that really does a great job
detailed for my age of shedding light on an
group but i think I’m ongoing tragedy that much
pretty mature to of the world largely
understand that it’s ignores. Lakshmi was
not a joke. This really one of those
could really be characters that stays with
happening to girls. I you long after you’ve
personally loved the stopped reading. Sold
book” makes the reader think
and maybe even want to
-Tiffany help.
Connors, 7th grade
-Mikayla
Williamson, English
Major, Westminser College
4. Objectification Theory
• Barbara L. Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts (1997) part of
a larger post-modern feminist movement.
• Sexual-objectification
• Self-objectification
5. Objectificatio
n in Sold
p. 1-2 Step-father objectifies
her
p. 8 A girl is like a goat
p. 53 “no hips” and as “plain
as porridge,” woman
objectified by step-father
p. 75 Sold for price of a water
buffalo
p. 89 is prodded like an
animal
6. Self-Objectification in Sold
p. 53 “my legs are sturdy,” 61 pride in being educated
p. Given impractical clothes for working
p. 100 complete her “city-girl” look
P. 122 ONE OF THEM
p. 178 AM I PRETTY?
p. 192 “face that looks back is that of a corpse”
p. 227 ANY MAN, EVERY MAN
7. Combating
Sexualizatio
n
• Two positive male figures are
young boys who wish to
educate, befriend, and see
Lakshmi as a person
• Learns to read and speak
some English and Hindu
• p. 200, 263 she knows her
identity and worth throughout
novel, maintains hope to
endure
8. Awareness
and
Action
• • Patricia McCormick book
Reduce poverty and
the demand for sexual
guide for teachers with
services
sources
• • Nomi Network give
Educate and .org
equal rights to women
• Coalition Against
• Trafficking in Women
As consumers, do not
(catwinternational.org)
buy any products that
• UNGIFT .org slavery
are tied with
• Free the Slaves .net
10. Paper Resources
Bordo, Susan. Feminism, Foucault and the Politics of the Body. From Up Against Foucault,
ed. Carol Ramazanoglu, 1993. Reprinted by permission of Routledge, London UK and the
author.
Rachel M., Calogero and etl. Self-objectification in women: Causes, Consequences, and
Counteractions. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2011. Web.
Lee, J. (2003). Menarche and the (hetero) sexualization of the female body. In R. Weitz
(Ed.), The politics of female bodies: Sexuality, appearance, and behavior (pp. 82-99).
New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Price, Janet, Margrit Shildrick, et al, ed. Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader. United
Kingdom, US (New York City), Canada: Edinburgh University Press, Routledge, 1999.
Print.
McCormick, Patricia. Sold. 1st. New York: Hyperion Paperbacks, 2006. 263. Print.
Rachel M., Calogero and etl. Self-objectification in women: Causes, Consequences, and
Counteractions. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2011. Web.
Smolak, Linda, and Sarah K. Murnen. “The Sexualization of Girls and Women as a Primary
Antecedent of Self-Objectification.” Self-objectification in women: Causes, Consequences,
and Counteractions. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2011.
Web.
Wolk, Steven. "Reading for a Better World: Teaching for Social Responsibility With Young
Adult Literature." Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy . 52.8 (2009): 664-673.
Editor's Notes
This presentation discusses the real world issue of Human Sex Trafficking in combination with the sexualization and exploitation of women in the book Sold written by Patricia McCormick. First we will discuss some of the facts about human trafficking, then discuss the summary and reviews of the book Sold. After that we will define objectification theory and how it relates to or is portrayed within scenes from the book. In conclusion we will discuss how this book raises awareness about the harsh realities of human trafficking, and what organizations are fighting against it.
Human Trafficking victims are usually comprised of- sex slaves, domestic servants, or factory workers. Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity. It involves an act of recruiting, transporting, transfering, harbouring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Every country in the world is affected by trafficking, whether as a country of origin, transit or destination for victims. UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), assists states in their efforts to implement the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (Trafficking in Persons Protocol).Click:According to the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking…An estimated 2.5 million people are in forced labour (including sexual exploitation) at any given time as a result of trafficking1 1 min.The Victims The majority of trafficking victims are between 18 and 24 years of age5 An estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked each year6 95% of victims experienced physical or sexual violence during trafficking (based on data from selected European countries)7 43% of victims are used for forced commercial sexual exploitation, of whom 98 percent are women and girls 8 32% of victims are used for forced economic exploitation, of whom 56 percent are women and girls9 Estimated global annual profits made from the exploitation of all trafficked forced labor are US$ 31.6 billion1 Many trafficking victims have at least middle-level education10 It all begins with first women being sexually objectified and the consequences are that women self-objectify and an enslavment or “colonization of the mind” ensues. This is the world of our modern day society where a woman does not have to be physically …
Sold was published in 2006 under Young Adult Fiction genre for ages 12-14 and up. The book is written in several beautiful clear prose and free verse poems from, Lakshmi’s first-person perspective, as present tense vignettes. "This hard-hitting novel told in spare free verse poems exposes the plight of a 13-year-old Nepali girl sold into sexual slavery. McCormickreveals Lakshmi’s gradual awakening to the harshness of the world around her. Even in their poverty-stricken rural home, Lakshmi finds pleasure in the beauty of the Himalayan mountains, the sight of Krishna, her betrothed, and the cucumbers and baby goat she lovingly tends. After a monsoon wipes out their crops, her profligate stepfather sells Lakshmi to a glamorous stranger she is to call 'auntie' bound for the city.Lakshmi is to take a job as a maid to support her family. Glad to be able to help, Lakshmi journeys to India and arrives at “Happiness House” full of hope.But she soon learns the unthinkable truth: she has been sold into prostitution. Lakshmi’s life becomes a nightmare from which she cannot escape. Still, she recalls and lives by her mother’s words— Simply to endure is to triumph—and gradually, she forms friendships with the other girls that enable her to survive in this terrifying new world. Then the day comes when she must make a decision—will she risk everything for a chance to reclaim her life? this powerful novel renders a world that is as unimaginable as it is real, and a girl who not only survives, but triumphs. Readers will admire Lakshmi's grit and intelligence, and be grateful for a ray of hope for this memorable heroine at book's end.
Objectification is an attitude that regards a person as a commodity or as an object for use, with little or no regard for a person’s personality or sentience. >…to re-examine and define how women are viewed and treated as subordinate to men through the psychoanalytic and physical, often sexual, control of women’s bodies. Sexual objectification also known as Sexualizationrefers to the practice of regarding or treating another person merely as an instrument (object) towards one's sexual pleasure, and a sex object is a person who is regarded simply as an object of sexual gratification or who is sexually attractive. A woman is sexually objectified when she is made into or treated as an object to be used, manipulated, controlled, and recognized through her physical properties (Calogero 5). In essence, an individual loses their identity, and is recognized solely by the physical characteristics of their body.Sexual objectification can occur as a social construct among individuals.>Primarily, self objectification theory describes how women and girls are influenced and come to view themselves as a result of expected social and gender roles. Research indicates not all women are influenced equally, due to the anatomical, hormonal, and genetic differences of the female body; however, women’s bodies are often objectified and evaluated more frequently. Females learn that their physical appearance is important to themselves and society. As a result, females consider their physical appearance often, expecting that others will also.In the following slides we will discuss examples of objectification in Sold.
In the novel, girls and women are viewed as commodities that are only worth their economical or sexual value. In the first few pages of the book Lakshmi recognizes that her “step-father looks at [her] the same way he looks at the cucumbers [she is] growing in front of [their] hut” and he states, “You had better get a good price for them” (McCormick 1-2). Later she listens to men discuss the difference between fathering a son and marrying off a daughter, which reinforces the idea that women share equal status with animals:A son will always be a son, they say. But a girl is like a goat. Good as long as she gives you milk and butter. But not worth crying over when it’s time to make a stew (McCormick 8).Lakshmi is sold by her stepfather then later by Auntie for about the same cost of a “water buffalo” which equates her worth as equal to an animals(McCormick 75). She identifies with the animals that are prodded and pushed in the streets because she is likewise hurried along by her Uncle Husband’s fist in her back (McCormick 89).
Initially Lakshmi has a positive self-image claiming that she is strong from working in the hills, and does well in her small school. However, throughout her experience in sexual slavery Lakshmi begins to view herself sexually and through the eyes of others, specifically men. This changes her view of herself, in a sense she loses her own ability to see her true identity because she is no longer a person but a sexual object of others. In a passage she states, “I see my face reflected in a silver glass on the wall. Another Lakshmi looks back at me. She has black-rimmed tiger eyes, a mouth red as a pomegranate, and flowing hair like the tiny gold-pants woman in the TV…. I smile at this new Lakshmi. And she smiles back. Uncertainly” (McCormick 100). Self-objectification is linked to some cases of depression, anorexia, bolemia, and suicide.
In order to combatsexualization or the objectification of others the distorted and violent view of human sexuality must be addressed. Healthy sexuality is shared pleasure where both people are equally respected and no one is put down or made to feel guilty or like an object without feelings or an identity. Such a relationship she could have had with Krishna (her betrothed) (arranged marriage), or one of the other two boys she associates with in the novel. On a personal level, Lakshmi delves into learning English and Hindu among other skills to escape the realities of her situation, and maintains a quiet positive self-identity throughout the novel.
http://www.nominetwork.orghttp://www.catwinternational.orgGlobal Initiative to Fight Human Traffickinghttps://www.freetheslaves.net/SSLPage.aspx>http://www.endhumantrafficking.org>http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-human-rights/human-rights-abuses/human-trafficking-awareness.html>http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2011/February/awareness-and-education-are-key-to-beating-human-trafficking.html>http://www.humantrafficking.org/combat_trafficking/prevention>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/slaves/etc/stats.html