The document outlines the essential learning outcomes for students regarding system architecture and integration, emphasizing the importance of understanding integration styles and challenges. It details the components of a restaurant management system and the benefits of integration, such as efficiency and real-time data. Additionally, it describes different system integration types, methods, and the functions of system integrators within the integration process.

1. At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
1. Comprehend the fundamental concepts and principles of system
architecture and integration.
2. Analyze various integration styles and architectural pattern.
3. Evaluate the pros and cons of integrating systems using web services,
API’S, and ,message- oriented middleware.
4. In resolving integration challenges, exhibit Critical thinking and problem
splving skills.
5. Effectively Communicate integration concepts and solutions through
written reports and oral presentation.
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND
ARCHITECTURE

2. What is IT Integration?

3. IT integration, also known as
system integration, refers to the
process of connecting data,
applications, application
programming interfaces (APIs),
and devices throughout an entire
IT organization to increase
efficiency, productivity, and
agility. Integration does not only
link, but it also provides value by
providing new features that are
made possible by connecting the
functions of multiple separate
systems

4. Restaurant Management System

5. Components:
1. Point of Sale (POS) System: Manages customer orders and payments.
2. Inventory System: Tracks ingredients and stock levels.
3. Accounting Software: Manages finances and reports.

6. Integration Steps:
1. Connecting the POS System to the Inventory System:
o When an order is placed in the POS, it automatically deducts the used ingredients from
the inventory system.
2. Linking the Inventory System to the Accounting Software:
o When stock levels are updated in the inventory system (e.g., after a delivery), it
automatically updates the expenses in the accounting software.
3. Data Reporting:
o Use a reporting tool to pull data from both the POS and accounting software, allowing
the restaurant owner to see sales performance and profits in one dashboard.

7. Benefits:
Efficiency: Reduces manual entry, saving time and minimizing
errors.
Real-Time Data: Provides up-to-date information on stock
levels and sales.
Simplified Reporting: Streamlines financial reporting by
integrating sales and expenses.

8. System Integration and Architecture
- An architectural model of a
system is known as a system
architecture, and it is
responsible for defining the
system’s behavior in
addition to its structure.

9. Architectural Model: Restaurant Management System
Components and Interactions:
1. Point of Sale (POS) System
o Function: Manages customer orders and payments.
o Interaction:
 Sends order details to the Inventory System.
 Communicates with Accounting Software for sales reporting.
2. Inventory System
o Function: Tracks ingredients and stock levels.
o Interactions:
 Receives order updates from the POS to deduct used ingredients.
 Sends stock level updates to the Accounting Software.
 Provides inventory data to reporting tools.

10. 1. Accounting Software
o Function: Manages finances and generates reports.
o Interactions:
 Receives updates from the Inventory System for expenses.
 Pulls data from the POS for sales figures.
 Generates financial reports and dashboards.
1. Reporting Tool
o Function: Aggregates data for analysis and reporting.
o Interactions:
 Pulls data from both the POS and Accounting Software to provide insights into sales
performance and profits.

11. USER INTERFACE
POS SYSTEM ORDER DETAILS CUSTOMER ORDERS
INVENTORY
SYSTEM
STOCK UPDATES INGREDIENTS
ACCOUNTING
SOFTWARE
EXPENSE
UPDATES
FINANCES
REPORTING
TOOL

12. Definition and Importance of System Integration and
Architecture
- The Systems Integration Architecture establishes a connection between disparate operational
applications and platforms.
- Electronic commerce is supported by the integration of business applications between
agencies and vendors or other agencies.
- System integration is the process of combining various subsytems components,or applications
into a single, functional system. It involves integrating software, hardware,networks, and data to
facilitate communication, data exchange, and interoperability between diverse systems
- In contrast,system architecture refers to the design and structure of a system at a high level. It
describes the arrangement and organization of the system’s components, their relationships,and
how they interact to attain the system’s goals. System architecture provides a blueprint for
effectively constructing and integrating systems.

13. What is System Integration?

14. Software Integration
- It is the process of combining all
virtual and physical components into
a single cohesive infrastructure to
ensure that all of an organization’s
parts function as a whole. Virtual
components consists of all the
computer hardware modules.
- System integration is also known as
a software integration and
information technology.

15. What purpose does system integration serve?
- Why is system integration is essential? Businesses implement system integration
primarily to ensure that all systems operate in unison to increase productivity and
improve the quality of day-today operations. The purpose of system integration is to
streamline and facilitate communication not only between an organization’s internal
systems but also with its external partners. System Integration expedites the flow of
information and reduces operational expenses.

16. Various Sytem Integration Types
1. Integration of legacy system technology-this method enables the modernization of legacy
systems by facilitating a seamless communication channel with more recent technological soutions
and information systems.
2. Enterprise application integration (EAI)-integrates diverse subsytems into a unified business
environment and facilitates the exchange data between applications in real-time.
3. Data integration-enables you to collect data from various services,aggregate and transform it, amd
make it accessibke from a central location to facilitate interactive reporting.
4. Enterprise-to-enterprise integration- is the automation of inter-organozational business
communications and processes.
5. Electronic Document Exchange(EDI)- is the exchange of standardized business documents
between companies. It can also be defined as the standard electronic format that business use to
supplant paper-based documents such as invoices and purchase orders.

17. Methods of Sytem Integration
1. Integration between specific nodes-integrations in this form are typically employed to manage a
single business function and do not involve complex business logic.
2. Star amalgamation- also known as the spaghetti method,this form of integration enables enhanced
functionality.
3. Integrated hub and spoke structure- system is directly connected to a central hub that mediates
request and decouples data receivers and and senders.
4. Vertical integration- it is a relatively straightforward and uncomplicated approach involving a small
number of sytems.
5. Horizontal integration- in contrast to vertical integration ot facilitates communication between
subsystems.
6. Common data format integration- this form of integration eliminates system to contain multiple
adapters for each subsystem.

18. What is a system integrator’s functions?
- system integrators specializes in
bridging internal and external
applications, systems,
cloudbased software solutions,
and data storage. A system
integrator’s objective is to
combine multiple subsytems into
a singular integrated solution
and ensure that they operate in
tandem

19. Stages involed in system integration
1. Detrmine requirements- determine your expectations for the integrated systems and communicate
them to the system integrator as the initial phase in system integration.
2. Analyze feasibility- after defining the requirements for your future software, you must conduct a
thorough analysis to determine it it is operationally feasible.
3. Architect design- develops a strategy to integrate the numerous components into a
single,functionally unified system.
4. Develop the management plan- develop integration schedule, identify alternate options, and
calculate potential risks.
5. System integration design- executes the actual system integration in accordance with the
architectural design,ensuring that no data lost.
6. Implementation- it ensures that the integrated system is error free.
7. Maintenance- responsible for performing scheduled diagnostics to detect new errors and notify the
IT team of any issues. Advantages of integrating system