Socio-Economic Offences- Nature and Extent.pptx
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This document provides an overview of socio-economic offenses. It defines socio-economic offenses as criminal acts intended to illegally earn wealth through individual or organized means. The document outlines three course outcomes related to understanding socio-economic offenses and their related legislation and impact on society. It then introduces socio-economic offenses and their salient features, such as motive and victims. It distinguishes white collar crimes as offenses of the upper classes in the course of occupation. Finally, it discusses criticisms of the term "white collar crime" and impacts of socio-economic offenses, such as inflation, uneven resource distribution, and undermining development efforts.
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This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document summarizes several key theories of crime and deviance:
1) Strain theories propose that people engage in criminal behavior when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals through legitimate means. This includes Merton's theory of anomie and subcultural strain theories.
2) Labelling theory argues that acts are not intrinsically criminal but become deviant based on the labels applied to them. Being labelled criminal can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
3) Marxism views crime as inevitable under capitalism and sees the legal system as serving the interests of the ruling class by punishing the crimes of the poor more harshly.
Criminology Powerpoint One 2008
This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
Causes of soco economic crimes or white collar crimes
This document discusses white-collar crimes, including defining them as financially motivated nonviolent crimes committed for illegal monetary gain. It outlines types of white-collar crimes such as bank fraud, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering, and tax evasion. It then discusses major causes of white-collar crimes like greed, competition, lack of proper laws, lack of awareness, and necessity. It concludes that white-collar crimes have a greater impact on society than recognized and definitions have evolved since first being defined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime. It discusses definitions of white-collar crime, types of white-collar crimes, and theoretical frameworks for studying white-collar crime, including criminal-based and crime-based viewpoints. It also outlines objectives, research questions, and methodology for the proposed study, which will examine differences in jail adjustment between white-collar criminals and other criminals based on factors like age, socioeconomic status, criminal history, race, gender, and mental illness. The study aims to test two hypotheses: 1) that white-collar criminals will fare worse in jail than other criminals, or 2) that white-collar criminals will fare better in jail than other criminals.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime submitted by Rebekah Samuel. The proposal discusses white-collar crime theory and definitions. It notes debates around defining white-collar crime based on the offender's characteristics versus the crime's characteristics. The objectives are to study white-collar crime concepts and impacts, analyze types of these crimes, and suggest legal reforms. Literature review discusses definitions from Edwin Sutherland and others, types of white-collar crimes, and challenges in studying this area.
Left Realism
Left realism developed in response to the influence of right realism on crime policy. It views crime as a real problem that disproportionately affects disadvantaged groups. Left realists believe the main causes of crime are relative deprivation, subcultures that form in response to deprivation, and marginalization. They argue that crime can only be addressed by tackling its deeper structural roots in inequality and lack of opportunity, in addition to improving community policing.
Labelling theories of Crime
Labelling theories argue that deviance is not inherent in acts themselves, but rather defined by societal rules and the labelling of those who break them. Certain groups, like the police, benefit from expanding definitions of deviance and enforcing laws in a way that discriminates against the working class. Once labelled as deviant, people are more likely to take on that identity and continue deviant acts due to limited opportunities. While labelling can increase deviance, reintegrative shaming that distinguishes acts from persons may discourage continued deviance and encourage reacceptance.
Lecture-1, Crime and Criminal, types of crime, classification of crime
In this lecture, I will explain the definition of crime , elements of crime, classification and types of crime.
What is crime and its elements
what is crime and types of crime
Defining crime is very important in CSS criminology for competitive examination. In today's lecture, I will teach the aspirants about crime, various definitions of crime, elements of crime and will discuss actus Reus, Mens Rea and will explain the elements of crime. We will also discuss classification of crime and understand infractions, misdemeanors and felonies. In the later part of the lecture, I will discuss types of crime and will explain crime against person, crime against property, inchoate crime, statuary crime, white collar crime, organized crime and cyber crime.
First article 1- Crime as a Social ProblemCrime is a violat.docx
First article
1- Crime as a Social Problem
Crime is a violation of criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some
governmental authority. It represents some type of deviation from formal social norms
administered by the state. Crimes are divided by law into various categories, depending
on the severity of the offence, the age of the offender, the potential punishment that can
be levied, and the court that holds jurisdiction over the case. There is no society in any
part of the world, which is without crimes.
One of the serious problems of today’s crimes is that in many cases the criminals
are socially, politically and economically so powerful that they decide the course of
punishment for others while they themselves manage to get escaped completely.
Causes of Crime
There are many causes of the crime. Few of the many causes may be discussed as under:
1. Poverty
2. Education System
3. Unemployment
4. Political Setup
5. Change in Values
1. Poverty
Poverty is one of the most importance causes of crime. In fact it can be said that it is the
root cause of many crimes. Though poverty is a relative term, yet in every form it result
in corruption and adopting illegal and underhand means. Poverty results in committing
suicide and prostitution as well as bribery and so on. Directly or indirectly poverty is
responsible for all sorts of crimes.
2. Educational System
Unfortunately present day educational system is very defective. The system of education
does not lay stress on morality and character, which are effective forces for checking
crimes. Similarly we find the education is mostly not vocational biased and does not
help the young people to get timely employment. Delay in getting proper employment
encourages tendency towards crime.
3. Unemployment
In the economic field unemployment plays an important role in committing of crimes.
Thus an unemployed young person can become robber or a thief. He can become violent
and take law into his own hands. In this way unemployment results in many crimes. That
is the reason that we find that in countries, which have undeveloped economy, and in
which chances of unemployment are marginal, rate of crimes is high.
4. Political Set up
Our political set up also encourages crimes in our modern times government machineries
are slow and inefficient with the result that this becomes premium on the illegal activities
of the criminals. Similarly our legal system too is very complex and complicated and the
criminals are confident that they can escape free and involve some innocent persons in it.
They know that by their illegally earned wealth they can purchase as well as mould the
course of law. Not only this, but we find that some of our politicians encourage criminals
for one reason or the other.
5. Change in Values
As we know that due to industrialization and advancement of science and advancement
of science and technology social values have very greatly changed. Today we are more
materialists and rational ...
Criminology Theories
This document provides an overview of several criminological theories that attempt to explain the causes of crime:
1. Classical theory views human behavior as motivated by hedonism, weighing pleasure against pain. It influenced Cesare Beccaria's view that the purpose of punishment is deterrence.
2. Functionalist theories see crime as inevitable and even necessary for society. Emile Durkheim argued crime strengthens social solidarity, while Merton's strain theory cites a disjunction between cultural goals and legitimate means of achievement as a cause of crime.
3. Marxist theories view crime as a response to inequality and economic deprivation under capitalism. Laws are made to protect the ruling class and law enforcement is biased in their favor
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Socio-Economic Offences- Nature and Extent.pptx
- 1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES SUBJECT : Socio-Economic Offences Topic: Socio-Economic Offences- Nature and Extent
- 2. 2 COURSE OUTCOME Co Number Title Level Co 1 Students will be able to understand the various Socio- Economic Offences Understanding Co 2 Students will be able to understand the legislations related to Socio-Economic Offences Understanding Co 3 Students will be able to understand the impact of Socio-Economic Offences on society Understanding
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Socio-Economic Offences are the manifestation of criminal acts done either solely or in an organized mannar with or without associates/gangs with an intent to earn wealth through illegal means. • Socio-Economic Offences refer to any act which is affecting the economy of a nation as well as society at large. • Though all crimes are anti-social but all anti-social acts are not crimes. • All offences which affect the wealth of an individual victim do not constitute socio-economic crimes. 3
- 4. SALIENT FEATURES OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC CRIMES • Motive • Background • Mode of Operation • Act (Absence of Mens rea) • Victim • Offenders’ Class/strata • Violation of General/Special Laws • Liability 4
- 5. • Stigma • Public apathy • Burden of Proof • Detection and Investigation • Sentencing System 5
- 6. WHITE COLLAR CRIME • The concept is associated with E.H. Sutherland who pointed out that besides the traditional crimes there are certain anti-social activities which the persons of upper strata carry on in the course of their occupation or business. • Sutherland demonstrated that a pattern of crime can be found to exist outside the focus of both popular meaning of crime and scientific investigation of crime and criminality • Sutherland defined a white collar criminal as “a person of the upper socio- economic class who violates the criminal law in the course of his occupational or professional activities. • Sutherland asserted that White Collar crimes are different from the organized crimes. 6
- 7. CRITICISM 7 Deviation from the legal definition of crime. Expansion of the term White Collar Crime Support to Sutherland’s definitions
- 8. IMPACTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRIMES • Increase in inflationary pressure • Uneven distribution of resources and creation of elitism • Marginalization of tax base • Generation of abundant black money • Creation of a parallel economy • Development efforts are undermined • Country’s economic equilibrium is at stake. • Breeding ground of corruption 8