Snake Bite Treatment and Prevention Guide
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This document provides information about snake bites globally and in Sri Lanka. It notes that there are over 2,900 snake species worldwide, with 500 being venomous, and that snake bites result in over 42,000 hospital admissions and 20,000 deaths annually. In Sri Lanka, there are 101 snake species, 30 of which are venomous, and snake bites lead to about 35,000 admissions and 100 deaths per year. The document then focuses on several common venomous snakes in Sri Lanka, including the Russell's viper, cobra, krait, and saw-scaled viper, and describes their physical characteristics, habitats, behaviors, and the symptoms that can result from their bites if antivenom is not administered.
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Snake Bite Treatment and Prevention Guide
- 1. SNAKE BITE DR SALIYA AMARASINGHE MBBS MSc
- 2. SNAKE STATISTICS WOR LD • 2968 Species • 500 Venomous • More in tropics • 100% Neglected • 421000 Admissions • 20000 DEATHS
- 3. SRI LANKA • 101 Species • 30 Venomous • 15 Sea • 5 Highly Venomous • 2 Partially Venomous • 35000 Admissions • 100 DEATHS • Anuradhapura mainly
- 4. SNAKE FACTS • Cold blooded – no frequent meals • Rudimentary ear • Forked tongue • Heat sensitive pits • Cobra- ovi viper – vivi • Speeding, swimming, climbing and jumping • Flying
- 5. • A soup • Enzymes • Hemolysis • Vessel damage • Opium • Local damage • Severe pain • Arrhythmiyas – mi • Toxins • Neuro • Muscle paralysis • Loc • Fits VENOM
- 6. RUSSELL’S VIPER • Fat and short • 1 m • Paddy fields, grass, ponds, • Morning hours • Very vicious • Unpredictable • Hissing sound • 50 young ones • Venomous young ones
- 8. Just after a RUSSELL’S VIPER bite • Electric Shock • Fang mark distance – size of the snake • Effectivity 98% • No Dry Bites • Snake holds to the bite • Fangs break when removing snake • Bite with minute provocation • Escapes after the bite • Mild swelling • Bleeding
- 9. 10 minutes later… • Abdominal pain – colicky • Nausea • Pain • Heaviness of the leg • Difficulty in walking
- 10. 30 minutes later… • 20 WBCT changes • Double vision • Ptosis • Heaviness of the head • Loosing memory …LOC
- 11. Later… • AK Injury • CKD • MI Death! Completely Recovered if AVS given…
- 12. COMMON KRAIT • Up to 1.5 m • Paird white bands • Dark color • Hexagonal mid dorsals • White belly • Scales in head • Hide in termite moulds • Move in mid night • Lay eggs • If disturbed, make a coil • Not vicious
- 13. COBRA • Up To 1.5m • Spectacle Mark • Black Spots • Day Time • Can Swim • Avoid Man • Slap With Out Biting • Termite Moulds • Eggs - 25
- 14. CEYLON KRAIT • White belly • Single bands • Dark head • 1 m • More in hill country
- 18. Krait and Cobra Bites • Ear lobe, abdomen, arms • Night time 22.00 – 04.00 • During sleep • Thatched houses, temporary places • People sleeping on the floor Few Minutes Later… • Abdominal pain but no wounds • General discomfort
- 19. 30 minutes… • Drooping eyes • Ptosis • Double vision • Difficulty in swallowing • Paresthesia • Difficulty in breathing • Dyspnea • Respiratory Paralysis – need artificial ventilation • Recover in few minutes – 29 days
- 20. Normal Semi concious COMA • No pupillary Reactions • Dilated Pupils • Recover in few days …Attention
- 21. Special Attraction! COBRA with Ladies • More ladies are attacked • Upper limb mostly • Day time – in the kitchen • Dark corners of house • Shy
- 22. …1 hour later… • Severe pain • Severe local reaction • Resp paralysis- need artificial ventilation
- 23. Later … • Skin sloughing • Necrosis • Gangrene • Non healing wounds • Surgical intervention needed
- 24. SAW SCALLED VIPER • Small 22cm • Beautiful • Beige Color • Cross Mark On Head • Feeds On Centipade • Make A Loud Shill Sound • Very Fast • Night
- 26. HUMP NOSED VIPER
- 29. GREEN PIT VIPER
- 30. • Infections • Leads to deformities
- 31. IF BITTEN BY A SNAKE… • Do not panic! • Be calm • Do not try to kill the snake by your self • Wash the wound with clean water • Sought immediate help by phone or from the closest house • No wound disturbing, incisions, medications, • No rigorous washing • No sucking • No torniquets • No Paracetamol, Aspirin • No Potassium containing food • No Alcohol or Large amount of water • No food No Ayurvedic Medication !
- 32. FIRST AID • Re assure • Allay Anxiety • Take the patient to a safe place • Keep him sited or lying down • Gentle washing • Splinting • Keep a clean cloth over the wound • ABC • Immediate transport to the hospital
- 33. …in the Hospital • Quick Assessment • ABC and Resuscitation • Snake identification • Look for signs of envenoming • 20 WBCT • Transfer • Part of the body • Fang marks • Time delay • Alcohol , other drugs • DM, Heart Diseases, BA • Abd pain, vomiting • LOC
- 34. 20 WBCT negative Positi ve 2ml
- 35. POLYVALENT ANTIVENOM SERUM • Made in India • Powder dissolved in 10ml DW • 20 vials in N Saline or Dex • Start slowely • Repeat 6 hourly • Can reverse Coagulopathy