Smartphones are affecting various areas of life such as productivity, communication in the workplace, social engagement, and education according to research. The document discusses the definition and history of smartphones and their characteristics such as connectivity, content consumption, and content creation. While smartphones improve communication and are useful for tasks like sending emails on the go, research also shows they can decrease productivity and pose privacy and safety risks if overused. However, smartphones also provide benefits like easier communication and learning through accessing educational websites and resources.