Sun Tzu’s Art of War has been successfully adopted in the business world and many other applications. In this talk, the speaker attempts to use Sun Tzu’s Art of War to analyze the needs for Smart Grid from a different perspective. A brief description about Smart Grid will be given followed by linking some of the famous Sun Tzu’s quotes to the eco-system of Smart Grid. By looking from the perspective of Sun Tzu’s Art of War into Smart Grid, it is hoped that some new ideas can be triggered by the community.

1. Dr. Oh Ser Wah
Senior Scientist
Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R)
A*STAR
Aug 24, 11 Copyright 2011 by I2R

2. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Once upon a time…
Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison
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3. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Is “Smart Grid” really gaining popularity?
Google Hits/day for "Smart Grid"
300,000 256,000
250,000
200,000
132,285
150,000
77,666
100,000
33,150
50,000
0
past year past month past week past 24 hour
*Note: Data gathered on 5th Aug. 2011 by performing Google search on keyword
“Smart Grid”. It may vary now.
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4. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Outline
Introduction to Smart Grid
Can Sun Tzu explain Smart Grid?
What else did Sun Tzu say?
Take aways
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Power Grid Ecosystem
Picture courtesy of Grid Net, slide reuse with permission from Bob Heile
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Demand and Supply
Singapore Half Hourly Consumption Trends Singapore Consumption Trends
4 Jan 2010 to 10 Jan 2010 4 Jan 2010 to 10 Jan 2010
6500 15000
6000 13000
5500
Mon
Tue
Grid Capacity Mon
11000 Tue
Units in MWh
Units in MWh
Wed
Operating Reserve
5000 Wed
Thu 9000 Thu
4500 Fri Fri
4000
Sat 7000 Peak Load Sat
Sun Sun
3500 5000
3000 3000
Time Time
Target:
• Reduce Peak Load
• Reduce Operating Reserve
• Reduce Grid Capacity (CAPEX)
 Save $$
 Save the world (pollution ↓)
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The Asymmetry Principle
Conversion Conversion
to electricity to light
• 40 units left • 2 units left
100 units of
Everybody plays a part!
natural gas
Transmission
loss
• 35 units left
Every unit saving in consumption
gives 50 units saving in production
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Smart Grid in short…
Smart Grid Video by Scientific American
http://youtu.be/-8cM4WfZ_Wg
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What is making the grid smart?
From Oxford Dictionaries:
Smart: (adjective, informal of a device) programmed
so as to be capable of some independent action
Independent action
Information + Judgment / decision
Communication Program (Cognition)
Require security
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10. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Outline
Introduction to Smart Grid
Can Sun Tzu explain Smart Grid?
What else did Sun Tzu say?
Take aways
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References
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不知彼而知己，一胜一负
He who does not know the other side (the enemy) but knows himself will
have an even chance of victory or defeat.
Singapore Half Hourly Consumption Trends Singapore Half Hourly Consumption Trends
4 Jan 2010 to 10 Jan 2010 4 Jan 2010 to 10 Jan 2010
6500 6500
Operating Reserve
6000 6000
Mon Mon
5500 5500
Tue Tue
Units in MWh
Units in MWh
5000 Wed 5000 Wed
Thu Thu
4500 Fri 4500 Fri
Sat Sat
4000 4000
Sun Sun
3500 3500
3000 3000
Time Time
Due to inability to know for sure the real demand,
substantial operating reserved is required!
 Open-loop load-following supply
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13. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
知彼知己，胜乃不殆
Know the other side (the enemy), know yourself, and your victory will not
be threatened.
Reducing operating reserve Smart
6500
Operating Reserve Meter
6000
5500 Communications
Units in MWh
Smart Smart
5000
Server
Meter Meter
4500
4000
3500
3000
Smart
Meter
Time
Consumption Supply
With real-time information provided by communication,
the operating reserve is reduced!
 Closed-loop load-following supply
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Our Proposed AMI Comm. Solution
故兵无常势，水无常形。能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。
The person who gains victories by adapting to the changing condition and
situations of the enemy can be considered a legend in warfare.
• Long range, 1 km
• Large number of nodes
• Variable data rates
• Gateway / relay support
• Hierarchical solution
• Fast network recovery
• Hybrid wired/wireless
• Modular design
• Plug & play
Security
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战势不过奇正，奇正之变，不可胜穷也
In any battle situation and condition, there are only the direct and indirect
approaches and forces. However, the possible combinations, changes and
maneuvers between the direct and the indirect (approaches and forces)
are limitless and beyond comprehension.
Opening up communication will be bound to security threats
Protect the communication
End-to-end
Protect the endpoints encryption Protect the endpoints
Tamper resistant/alert casing Access control
Server authenticity checks Meter authenticity checks
Command integrity/authenticity checks Data integrity/authenticity checks
Authenticated and encrypted firmware updates Key management
Key management …
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故善动敌者，形之，敌必从之；予之，敌必取之。以利动之，以卒待之
Lure the enemy to move with benefits that he desires and then use
concealed troops to await and ambush him.
Load Shredding
Turn off
6500
Operating Reserve
6000 Peak Load
5500
Units in MWh
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
Time
• With real-time information provided by communication
+ control, the operating reserve is significantly reduced!
• Regulation, tiered pricing & education
 Load shedding / shifting
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17. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Can we reduce grid capacity?
• Operating reserve
Grid capacity
• Operating reserve more predictable / stable / controllable
Grid capacity
• Distributed energy resources (DERs), e.g., wind power,
solar power, etc.
 Grid capacity de-centralized
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知天知地，胜乃可全
Know the weather, know the terrain, and your victories will be limitless.
High High
Output Output
Variability Average
Output
Low
Output
Source: http://www.vistadatavision.com/wind-energy/ Source: Energy Market Authority
• Unfortunately most DER’s outputs are unpredictable
• Supply-side: Weather forecast? Energy storage? Real-
time info on demand?
• Demand side: Supply-following load / demand response
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Drivers for Smart Grid
Achieving Changes in…
• Generation
– Renewables
– Variability
– Storage
– Distributed resources
• Load
– Reduce peaking
Requires…
– Energy management
– Automated management,
– Plug in vehicles
operation, control
• Reliability and security – 2-way flow of power and
– Improved measurement and information
control – Interoperability at many levels
– Risk-based methodology – Standards
Source: George Arnold, NIST, slide reuse with permission from Bob Heile
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Outline
Introduction to Smart Grid
Can Sun Tzu explain Smart Grid?
What else did Sun Tzu say?
Take aways
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Government vs. Market
帅与之期，如登高而去其梯；
Govt
The (shrewd and capable) general on a
specific military mission is like someone
who leads his men to scale great Market
heights and, at the most crucial
moment, removes the ladder that leads
them up.
Govt/authority has to lead
the investment/investigation
and then give free hand
 market has to drive
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Standardization / First Mover
凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。
Those who arrive first at the battleground will have sufficient time to rest
and prepare against the enemy. Those who arrive late at the battleground
will have to rush into battle when they are already exhausted.
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Planning and Assessment
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；
Thus, those who carry out planning in the
temple prior to the outbreak of war will win if
the plans are thorough and detailed.
 plan and calculate first. Don’t just
follow the trend
上下同欲者胜
He who is able to unite himself with his
officers and men as one mind, spirit and
purpose will win.
 Need acceptance by all in the
value chain in order to achieve
success  Pilot Runs
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Site Survey & Deployment
知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，
而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。
However, if I do not know that the terrain is not
favorable for the conduct of such an assault, then the
chance of victory is only half.
 different country has not only terrain difference but
also grid difference (topology, termination, quality, etc.)
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；
不用乡导，不能得地利
Those who do not user local guides will not be able to gain the advantages
of the terrain.
 survey terrain before deployment, get people who
are familiar with the local context, no one thing fits all
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For us to ponder about…
食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；
Consuming one cartload of provisions
of the enemy is tantamount to
twenty cartloads of your own
Source: http://mobilecommblog.wordpress.com/
不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
The ability to subdue the enemy without any battle is the ultimate
reflection of the most supreme strategy.
军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利
The difficulty about the art of maneuvering is to convert difficult and
torturous routes into direct accesses (to the enemy), and to turn
disastrous circumstances into advantageous situations.
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26. I m agination to R eality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Outline
Introduction to Smart Grid
Can Sun Tzu explain Smart Grid?
What else did Sun Tzu say?
Take aways
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Smart Grid Domains
I2R
EPGC
source: Gridwise Alliance
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How I2R is relevant?
The application of ICT to support Grid’s operations
Information Customer
Security Information
Management System
System (CRM)
Retail
GIS Call
Centre
Distribution
Network
Billing Systems
Management
System
Work & Asset Outage Meter
Management Management Data
System System Management
SCADA Meter
DMS Network
EMS Management
Field
Smart
Force
Meter
Automation
Comms
Systems & HEMS
In field BMS
Devices
Sub
Condition Demand
Station
Monitoring Response
Automation
Feeder Smart
Automation Appliances
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Smart Grid Benefits
Cost of 1-hour Power
Interrupt in the U.S.
Smart Grid Savings for Korea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid
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Take Aways
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Let us work hand-in-hand to protect our environment
and leave a better living space for the next generation!
Contact: Dr. Oh Ser Wah (swoh@i2r.a-star.edu.sg)
I2R = I m agination to Reality
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