The document discusses smart explosion isolation systems presented by Johannes Lottermann. It covers different types of isolation systems including passive and active isolation systems that are either partial or provide complete isolation. Mounting distances and factors that influence the minimum and maximum distances are also discussed in detail. Various standards and guidelines for explosion protection are referenced. The importance of expert knowledge in calculating appropriate mounting distances is emphasized.

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2. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
SMART Explosion Isolation
-Dr.-Ing. Johannes Lottermann -
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

3. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Why?
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

4. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Why?
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

5. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Why?
„Explosion venting is only half the battle!“
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

6. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Basic rules
Rulebooks
 ATEX – 94/9/EG (prevent ignition transmission & keep mechanical resistance)
 NFPA 68, 664, 69, 654, 61 (application hints)
 EN 15089 – Explosion isolation systems
 EN 16020 – Explosion diverters
 EN ISO 16852 – Flame arrestors
 EN XXX – Explosion isolationg flaps (proposed release in 2012)
VDI 2263 – Dust fires and dust explosions
 VDI 3673 – Pressure venting of dust explosions
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

7. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Explosion Isolation
What does the term „explosion isolating devices“ cover?

No flamerelease
e.g. via filling devices of tanks for combustible liquids

No explosion propagating
e.g. via duct work, screw conveyors, elevators

No broad-flame jet ignition
in downstream enclosures

No pressure piling
in downstream enclosures

No transition to detonation (supersonic / 30 barg)
e.g. in the duct work
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

8. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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The shock wave….
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

9. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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…is faster than the flame front!
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

10. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Pressure Piling and broad-flame jet ignition
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

11. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Explosion Isolation
passive
isolation systems
without additional
monitioring- and
triggering systems
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
active
isolation systems
with additional
monitoring- and
triggering systems
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

12. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Explosion isolation
partial
isolation systems
only isolate pressure effects
or
flame propagation
e. g. flame front diverter
chemical barrier
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
complete
isolation systems
pressure effects
and
flame propagation
e. g. Quench Valve
Q-Flap
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

13. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Passive complete isolation systems
Q-Flap PLUS St 2 + VENTEX Valve
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

14. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Passive complete isolation systems
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

15. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Passive complete isolation systems
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

16. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Passive complete isolation systems
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

17. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
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Passive complete isolation systems
SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

18. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Active partial explosion isolation systems
Chemical barrier
Extinguishing agent bottle
detector
Pressure wave / flame front
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
High rate discharge
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

19. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Active complete explosion isolation systems
Fast acting valves
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

20. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Active complete explosion isolation systems
Easy isolation with EXKOP und Quench Valve
Infomation:
- fast decoupling of pipes
- easy handling
- no experts needed for Reset
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

21. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Active complete explosion isolation systems
Spark quenching with EXKOP
Produktstrom
Exkop-controller
Filter
IR-unit
Product
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
QV
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

22. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
What do you have to consider?
In general:

min./max. mounting distance

dust type and safety values (KSt, pmax, pred, organic/inorganic)

position (horizontal/vertical)
When using active systems:

sensor type (flame/pressure/BIRD)

mounting distance of sensors
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

23. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
The minimum distance…
to the protected enclosure depends on the velocity of the explosion flames and the
response time of the detection and closing time of the isolation system

The maximum distance…
to the protected enclosure arises from the possibility of deflagration transition to
detonation

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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

24. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
Calculating the minimum mounting distance
sensor
barrier
tb
ta
te
L, td
t a + tb < t e + t d
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

25. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
But always consider: The Flamefront varies with ignition starting point!
ms
ft
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

26. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
Worst case when using pressure detectors  start next to outlet
slow pressure raise in case of low KSt-Values
 long mounting distance requiered due to late detection of pressure wave

Worst case when using IR-detectors  start in the vessel

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long mounting distance due to late detection of flame and high flame speed
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

27. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
Solution: Detection via both – pressure and IR-detectors
short mounting distance due to low flame velocity in case of explosion starting at the
outlet (detection via IR-sensor)

short mounting distance in case of explosion starting in the vessel via early pressure
detection

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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

28. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Mounting distances
Maximum mounting distance = Transition of deflagration to detonation

Gases / hybride mixtures:
40 x diameter of ductwork
max. 15 m / 50 ft

Dusts:
80 x diameter of ductwork
max. 20 m / 65 ft
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

29. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Expert knowledge: Explosion isolation
Did you know…
that an explosion isolation is not required under certain conditions for
pipelines length < 20 ft and diameter < 1 ft (NFPA 68 / VDI 3673)

that flames are expected to propagate up to 80 ft even in „total clean“ pipes
due to transporting of uncombusted dust in front of the flames (VDI 1272)


that the explosion severity increases with increasing pipe diameter (VDI 975)
that flames are expected to propagate up to 40 ft even in very small pipelines
(1“) (VDI1601) – (contradiction to NFPA 69 – A 11.2)

that NFPA is the only standard that allows venting of gas and dust
deflagrations in pipes instead of explosion isolation (NFPA 68 – A 9.1)

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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

30. Explosionsschutz
Explosion Protection
Aside: Venting device as isolation device
Clean gas
Q-Box II (without
bursting disc for
return air isolation)
Q-Flap
Raw gas
Rotary valve
Dust discharge
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SMART Explosion ISOLATION
Johannes Lottermann – Explosion Protection Department

31. Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
Many thanks for your attention!
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