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Small projects-06
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Small projects-06
1.
Arab British Academy for Higher Education. www.abahe.co.uk 1 ﲢﻠﻴﻞاﻃﻦﻮﻣاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻀﻌﻒواﻟﻔﺮصواﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔاﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮوﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ورﺷﺔاﻹدارةﰱاﳌﺸﺮوعاﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻣﻮاﻃﻦاﻟﻘﻮةواﻟﻀﻌﻒواﻟﻔﺮصاﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔواﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ﳛﺘﻮىﻫﺬااﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞﻋﻠﻰأﺳﺌﻠﺔﻫﺎﻣﺔﺣﻮلاﻃﻦﻮﻣاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻀﻌﻒواﻟﻔﺮصواﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔاﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮواﻟﱴﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮوعاﻟﺬىﺗﺪورﻟﻪﻮﺣ اﺳﺔراﻟﺪ. ﻫﺬااﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞوﺳﻴﻠﺔﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎماﲣﺎذوارﺮاﻟﻘﻳﻊرﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎاﻟﺼﻐﲑةﰱﳎﺎلاﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖاﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞواﻻﻧﺘﺎجواﻻدارةواﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ.وﳝﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎلﻫﺬااﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞﰱاتردو"ﻛﻴﻒﺗﺆﺳﺲﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎﺧﺎﺻﺎﺑﻚ"وﻫﻮوﺳﻴﻠﺔﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔﰱﲢﺪﻳﺪوﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﻓﺮصإﻧﺘﺎجوﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺳﻠﻊﺟﺪﻳﺪةﰱاﻟﺴﻮق.ﻛﻤﺎاﻧﻪوﺳﻴﻠﺔﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮاﳌﺸﺮوعﻣﻦﺧﻼلﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢاضﺮاﺳﺘﻌواوﺟﻪاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻀﻌﻒواﻟﻔﺮصواﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮو. إرﺷﺎداتﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻻﲣﻠﻂﺑﲔاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻔﺮصووﺑﲔاﻟﻀﻌﻒاﳌوﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﺑﺪأﺗﻴﺐﱰﺑﲨﻴﻊاﻟﻨﻘﺎطاﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞاﻃﻦﻮﻣاﻟﻘﻮة,اﻟﻀﻌﻒ,اﻟﻔﺮصاﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮو,ﻛﻞﻋﻠﻰﺣﺪة ﳚﺐانﻳﻌﻜﺲﲢﻠﻴﻠﻚاتﻮاﳋﻄاﻟﱴﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰﻋﻠﻰﺻﺎﺣﺐاﳌﺸﺮوعاﻟﻘﻴﺎمﺎﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔاﻃﻦﻮﻣاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﺔزوإاﻃﻦﻮﻣ اﻟﻀﻌﻒاﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎدةوﻣﻦاﻟﻔﺮصاﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔاﺗﻘﺎءواﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ وﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮاﳌﻨﺘﺞﻓﺈنﻧﻘﺎطاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻀﻌﻒواﳌﺬﻛﻮرةﳝﻜﻦأنﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﺻﺎﺣﺐاﳌﺸﺮوعﰱﳎﺎلاﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢوﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮعاﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑاﻟﺬىﳚﺐاؤﻩﺮإﺟﰱاﳌﻨﺘﺞاﳌﺨﺘﺎرﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎتﲢﻠﻴﻞاﻃﻦﻮﻣاﻟﻘﻮةاﻟﻀﻌﻒواﻟﻔﺮصواﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔاﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮو ﻣﻮاﻃﻦاﻟﻘﻮة: وﻫﻰﻧﻘﺎطاﻟﻘﻮةﰱاﳌﺸﺮوعاﳌﻘﱰح)أوﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮاﳌﺸﺮوع(وﻗﺪﺗﺸﻤﻞ: ﺗﻮﻓﺮأسراﳌﺎلﻟﺒﺪءاﳌﺸﺮوع وﻓﺮةادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎمﳏﻠﻴﺎ. رﺧﺺادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎم .اﳋﱪةﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔﻮاﻟﺘﻜﻨﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐاﳌﺸﺮوع. ﺗﻮﻓﺮاﳋﱪةاﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ.
2.
Arab British Academy for Higher Education. www.abahe.co.uk 2 اﻟﻘﺪرةﻳﺔراﻹدا. اﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰإدارةأسراﳌﺎلاﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ)ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻟﺔﻮﺳﻴ( ﻗﺪرةﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰاﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂاﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢو. ﺗﻮﻓﺮاﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔاﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ/ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﻼﺋﻢ. ﻟﺔﻮﺳﻬاﺻﻼتﻮاﳌ. ﺟﻮدةﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔﰱاﻹﻧﺘﺎج. اﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰاﻟﺒﻴﻊﺑﺴﻌﺮﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻰﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ. ﺣﺼﺔﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔﻣﻦاﻟﺴﻮق. ﻳﻘﺔﺮﻃﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒﺟﺪﻳﺪة. إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔاﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮجﻟﻠﺨﺎر ﺗﻮﻓﺮاﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎتﻳﺔراﻟﻀﺮوﰱاﻟﻮﻗﺖاﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐﻻﲣﺎذارﺮﻗﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐاءﺮوإﺟاﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼتاﻻزﻣﺔ. إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔاﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊﰱاﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ. ﻣﻮاﻃﻦاﻟﻀﻌﻒ وﻳﻘﺼﺪﺑﻨﻘﺎطاﻟﻀﻌﻒﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔﻣﻦاﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞاﻟﱴاﺟﻪﻮﺗاﳌﺸﺮوعاﳌﻘﱰح)أوﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮاﳌﺸﺮوع:( ﺿﻌﻒاﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ. ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮدﻋﻢاﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ. ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮﲤﻮﻳﻞذاﺗﻰ. ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮﺧﱪةﻋﻨﺪﺻﺎﺣﺐاﳌﺸﺮوع. ﻋﺪماﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰﺗﻮﻓﲑاتراﳌﻬﺎاﻻزﻣﺔ. اﳌﻜﺎن)اﳌﺒﲎ(ﻏﲑﻣﻼﺋﻢ/ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔاﳌﺒﲎ. ﺿﻌﻒﰱاﻹدارة. ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎتﰱاﻹﻧﺘﺎج. ﻋﺪماﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰإدارةاﳌﺨﺰونﻣﻦاﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ. ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔاﳊﺼﻮلﻋﻠﻰادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎم)ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎمﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ( ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮاتراﳌﻬﺎاﻟﻼزﻣﺔﻟﺪىاﻟﻌﻤﺎل. ﺟﻮدةﻣﺘﺪﻧﻴﺔ. ﻋﺪمﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔاﻟﺴﻮق/اﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ)ﻧﻘﺺﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت( ﻋﺪماﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰﻳﻊزاﻟﺘﻮ,ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﲑوﺳﺎﺋﻞﻳﻊزﺗﻮﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔﻟﻠﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ)اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت( ﻗﺎﻋﺪةﳏﺪودةﻣﻦﺑﺎﺋﻦﺰاﻟ.ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮاترﻣﻬﺎﰱاﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ. أﺳﻌﺎرﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ.
3.
Arab British Academy for Higher Education. www.abahe.co.uk 3 ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ. اﳌﻮﻗﻊﻏﲑﻣﻼﺋﻢﻣﻦﺣﻴﺚﺑﺔﺮﻗأوﺑﻌﺪﻩﻋﻦاقﻮاﻷﺳ,ﻣﺼﺎدرادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎماﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔو. ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮﻧﻈﺎمﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت)ﺿﺒﻂاﻻﻣﻮراﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ( ﻋﺪماﻟﻘﺪرةﻋﻠﻰﺑﻨﺎءﺷﺒﻜﺔاﺗﺼﺎلﻟﺒﻨﺎءﻋﻼﻗﺎت. اﻟﻔﺮصواﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻔﺮصاﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوعاﻟﺼﻐﲑﻫﻰاﻟﻈﺮوفأواتﲑاﻟﺘﻐاﻟﱴﲢﺪثﰱاﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔاﶈﻴﻄﺔﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮوعﰱاﳊﺎﺿﺮ,أواﳌﻤﻜﻦﺣﺪوﺛﻬﺎ ﰱاﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞاﻟﱴوﳝﻜﻦﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎاﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدةوﻣﻦﺧﻼﳍﺎ: أ-ﲢﻠﻴﻞﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎتاﻟﺴﻮقاﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ب-ﲢﻠﻴﻞاﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ت-ﲢﻠﻴﻞاتﲑاﻟﺘﻐاﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ,اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ,اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ,ﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔﻮاﻟﺘﻜﻨ. ﻛﻤﺎأناتوأدﲢﻠﻴﻞاﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔاﳌﺸﺎرإﻟﻴﻬﺎﲤﻜﻨﻨﺎﻣﻦﲢﺪﻳﺪاﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮاﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞواﻟﱴﳝﻜﻦأناﺟﻪﻮﺗاﳌﺸﺮوعﰱاﳊﺎﺿﺮاواﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ. أﻣﺜﻠﺔﻋﻠﻰاﻟﻔﺮص: ﻋﺪموﺟﻮدﺳﻠﻊﺔ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﰱاﻟﺴﻮق. ﺳﻠﻊﺔ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﲢﻘﻖأرﲝﺎﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺪرةاﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔﰱاﻗﻊﻮﻣﺟﺪﻳﺪة. ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﻣﺸﺠﻌﺔ. إﻋﻔﺎءاتﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎتاﻟﺼﻐﲑةﻣﻦاﺋﺐﺮاﻟﻀاﳉﻤﺎركو. ﺗﻐﲑاقوأذاﻟﻨﺎسﲟﺎﻳﻼﺋﻢﻣﻊإﲡﺎﻫﺎتاﻻﻧﺘﺎج. ﳕﻮإﻗﺘﺼﺎدىﻣﻠﺤﻮظﻳﺆﺛﺮﻋﻠﻰاﲡﺎﻫﺎتاﳌﺸﺮوع ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔاﻟﺒﺪءﲟﺸﺮوعﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪﻣﻦﻗﺒﻞﻳﻦﺮآﺧ)ﲪﺎﻳﺔﺣﻘﻮقاﻻﻧﺴﺎن( اﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔﻏﲑﻣﻬﺘﻤﲔﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎعاﻟﺬىﻳﻌﻤﻞﻓﻴﺔاﳌﺸﺮوع. اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚﺳﻴﺤﺎﻓﻆﻋﻠﻰاءﺮﺷاﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔﰱاﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞاﳌﻨﻈﻮر)ﻋﺪماﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء( ﻋﺪمﺗﻮﻓﺮﺳﻠﻊﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔﰱاﻟﺴﻮق إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﻓﺘﺢاقﻮأﺳﺟﺪﻳﺪة. ﺗﻘﺒﻞاﻟﻨﺎسﰱاﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎتاﳉﺪﻳﺪةاﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮة.
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Arab British Academy for Higher Education. www.abahe.co.uk 4 أﻣﺎاﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮاﻟﺘﻰﻳﻤﻜﻦأنﺗﻮاﺟﻪاﻟﻤﺸﺮوعﻓﻰاﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮأواﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞﻳﻤﻜﻦأنﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ: ﻟﺔﻮﺳﻬاﻟﺒﺪءﺑﻨﻔﺲاﳌﺸﺮوعﻣﻦﻗﺒﻞﻳﻦﺮآﺧ ﺷﺪةاﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﺪمﻗﺪرةاﻟﺴﻮقﻋﻠﻰاﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎبﻗﺎدﻣﲔﺟﺪد. ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﻃﺮقﻳﻊزاﻟﺘﻮاﳌﻮﺟﻮدةﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ. وﺟﻮدﺳﻠﻊﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔآوإﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎﰱاﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ. اﻟﺴﻠﻊاﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔﲢﻘﻖﺑﺎﺣﺎرأﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ. اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊاﻟﻮﺻﻮلإﱃﺳﻠﻊﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻟﺔﻮﺑﺴﻬوﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎرأﻗﻞ. ﻟﺔﻮﺳﻬﺗﻮﻓﲑاﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎتﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚﻋﻦاﻟﺴﻮقﳕﻜﻨﻪﻣﻦاﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎراﳌﺴﺎوﻣﺔو. ﲢﻜﻢﻋﺪدﻣﻦاﳌﻮردﻳﻦﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎرادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎموإﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔاﳊﺼﻮلﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. إﲡﺎﻫﺎتاتﲑاﻟﺘﻐاﻓﻴﺔﺮاﻟﺪﳝﻮﻏﺗﺆﺛﺮﺳﻠﺒﺎﻋﻠﻰاﳌﺸﺮوع)ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺاﻟﻄﻠﺐﻋﻠﻰاﳌﻨﺘﺞ( ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﻏﲑﻣﺸﺠﻌﺔ. اﻟﺘﻌﺮضاﻟﻜﺒﲑاتﲑﻟﻠﺘﻐاﻟﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ. ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔاﻟﺘﻐﲑﻳﻊﺮاﻟﺴﰱﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﻮاﻟﺘﻜﻨ. وﺟﻮداﺋﻖﻮﻋﰱادﲑاﻹﺳﺘاﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮو. ﻧﻘﺺادﻮاﳌاﳋﺎم. ﻋﺪماﻓﺮﻮﺗاﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎتﻳﺔراﻟﻀﺮوﻳﻊرﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎاﻟﺼﻐﲑة. ﺗﻔﺎعرإﻛﺜﺮةواﺋﺐﺮاﻟﻀ. وﺟﻮداﻧﲔﻮﻗﺗﻌﺎرضﻣﻊﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎوﺗﻮﻗﻊﺻﺪوراﻧﲔﻮﻗﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﻏﲑاﺗﻴﺔﻮﻣ. اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢاﳌﺎﱃوﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩﻋﻠﻰاﺋﻴﺔﺮاﻟﺸوﻗﻴﻤﺔاﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔاﶈﻠﻴﺔ. ﲨﻴﻊاﳊﻘﻮقﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ©اﻷﻛﺎدﳝﻴﺔﺑﻴﺔﺮاﻟﻌﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔﱪاﻟﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢاﻟﻌﺎﱄ
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