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Virtual Experiential Learning As A Uniquely Interdisciplinary Intercountry Response To The A2J Crisis: Prospects Of Integration With A2J Author
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Research Topics ENG180 or ENG170
This document provides guidance and potential topics for a research paper that must be written as a letter to a specific person. It lists acceptable letter recipients like government officials. It also lists unacceptable and acceptable topics. The document recommends reviewing links describing trends in criminal justice reform. Finally, it suggests and provides resources for several potential paper topics related to criminal justice reform issues.
Prawo | Law
This document provides summaries of books related to various areas of law, including administrative law, arbitration, company law, comparative law, competition law, and constitutional law. For each book, it lists the title, publication date, format (hardcover or softcover), price in British pounds, and a brief 1-3 sentence description of what the book is about. The books appear to have been sourced from various academic publishers like Europa Law, Oxford University Press, and other university presses.
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Masters Dissertation
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The document discusses how international treaties can supersede domestic laws when it comes to legal choice of law for events involving migrants or international persons. It states that due to the involvement of immigrants in domestic societies, states must allow citizens to choose arbitration under international law instead of domestic law to settle disputes. Furthermore, the presence of migrants or those with dual citizenship means cases can be superseded to global arbitration bodies instead of domestic courts. Finally, it cites several international organizations and documents like the UN Charter that provide legitimacy to the concept of international law superseding domestic laws in these situations.Free Snow Writing Paper - Writingmap.X.Fc2.Com
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Sample Introduction For College Class Samples - S
The document provides instructions for students to get writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review writer bids and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Recommended
Research Topics ENG180 or ENG170
This document provides guidance and potential topics for a research paper that must be written as a letter to a specific person. It lists acceptable letter recipients like government officials. It also lists unacceptable and acceptable topics. The document recommends reviewing links describing trends in criminal justice reform. Finally, it suggests and provides resources for several potential paper topics related to criminal justice reform issues.
Prawo | Law
This document provides summaries of books related to various areas of law, including administrative law, arbitration, company law, comparative law, competition law, and constitutional law. For each book, it lists the title, publication date, format (hardcover or softcover), price in British pounds, and a brief 1-3 sentence description of what the book is about. The books appear to have been sourced from various academic publishers like Europa Law, Oxford University Press, and other university presses.
Grand Jury: Information, definitions, and explanations of what grand juries
This web site was created by Susan Brenner, co-author of Federal Grand Jury Practice, a book about how federal grand juries operate and the role they play in federal law enforcement.
HumanRightsRussiaPOL321
The document analyzes whether Russia's anti-gay propaganda law violates international human rights law. It begins with an overview of the law passed in 2013 banning the promotion of non-traditional sexual relations to minors. This has led to increased violence against the queer community in Russia. The document then reviews literature arguing the law violates rights to freedom of expression and assembly protected by treaties Russia has ratified. It also discusses cases where the European Court of Human Rights and UN Human Rights Committee found Russia in violation of protecting LGBT individuals from discrimination based on sexual orientation. The conclusion is that based on international legal precedent and treaty obligations, Russia's law and its effects likely constitute human rights abuses against the queer community under international law.
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This document provides an introduction and table of contents to a dissertation arguing that the Special Criminal Court is the most adequate solution for prosecuting organized crime in Ireland. The introduction discusses how organized crime has proven difficult to prosecute through ordinary courts due to issues like jury and witness intimidation. It also notes that while the Special Criminal Court eliminates some procedures like jury trials, its focus has been on successfully prosecuting organized criminals. The methodology section outlines how the dissertation will examine literature on organized crime, the Special Criminal Court, the right to a jury trial, and the presumption of innocence to argue that the Special Criminal Court effectively achieves justice in these cases. Finally, the literature review identifies key sources that discuss organized crime, the history of the
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The document discusses plea bargaining in the criminal justice systems of the United States and Canada. It notes that plea bargaining has become the dominant way of resolving criminal cases, with over 90% being settled via a guilty or no contest plea. This allows the court system to function given the large volume of cases, as it would not have the capacity for a full trial in most situations. However, plea bargaining also benefits the accused by allowing them to receive a reduced charge or sentence in exchange for pleading guilty or cooperating with prosecutors.
Sample Introduction For College Class Samples - S
The document provides instructions for students to get writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review writer bids and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Study: Millions of Americans Go To Court Without a Lawyer
Countless movies and TV shows include a scene where a police officer arrests an alleged criminal and reads them the Miranda warning. Actors playing the role of police officers say, “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed.”
Vol. 8 No. 2, May 2017 ISSN 2156-7964 URL httpwww.i
Vol. 8 No. 2, May 2017
ISSN 2156-7964
URL: http://www.iacajournal.org
Cite this as: DOI:
Copyright:
International Journal For Court Administration | May 2017 30
Ca n Artificia l Intelligence And Online Dispute Resolution Enha nce Efficiency And
Effectiveness In Courts
By John Zeleznikow1
Abstract:
The growing rise in the number of self-represented litigants has negative implications for both the court system and
access to justice. The expanding use of Artificial Intelligence and the World Wide Web has led to the development
and use of Online Dispute Resolution. In this article, we investigate a number of systems in Australian Family Law
that enhance Alternative Dispute Resolution and Access to Justice. We discuss how a hybrid system that
incorporates advice about Best Alternatives to Negotiated Agreements (BATNAs) and potential trade-offs as well as
allowing online communication can enhance access to justice.
Keywords: Self-Represented Litigants, Access to Justice, Online Dispute Resolution, Artificial Intelligence
1. Introduction
The growing rise in the number of litigants who represent themselves in court has undesirable consequences for the
administration of justice (Zeleznikow 2002). As early as 1999, a study conducted for the American Bar Association in the
Supreme Court of Maricopa County, Arizona, USA indicated that at least one of the parties were self-represented in over
88% of domestic relations cases and both parties were self-represented in 52% of the cases. Meachem (1999) reports
that 24,416 of the 54,693 cases opened in the US Court of Appeals in 1999 were filed by pro se appellants 2. Many pro se
appellants have neither the financial resources nor the legal skills to conduct their own appeals. Quatrevaux (1996) notes
that there is a shortfall in legal systems for poor persons residing in the United States.
In Washington State, for example, a 2003 study found that more than three-quarters of all low-income households
experience at least one civil (not criminal) legal problem each year. In the aggregate, low-income people experience more
than one million important civil legal problems annually; low-income people face more than 85% of their legal problems
without help from an attorney. The United States Courts are overwhelmed with a flood of Self Represented litigants, who
represent as much as eighty percent of the caseloads in certain jurisdictions, and millions of others who don't get to court
at all (Almeida 2013).
Branting (2001) claims that domestic abuse victims are particularly likely to have few resources and little opportunity to
obtain the services of a lawyer. He states that the growth of the consumer movement has increased the trend for pro se
litigation. The growing availability of books, document kits and computerized forms—together with the increasing
availability of legal materials on the World Wide Web—has increased the opportunities ...
Iatj call for applications
The document announces the 3rd Institute for African Transitional Justice to be held in Uganda from March 17-23, 2013. The institute will examine approaches to transitional justice in Africa, including prosecuting international crimes versus implementing broader programs to address victims' expectations of justice through mechanisms like reparations and truth-telling. It seeks applicants from universities, NGOs, and international organizations working on African transitional justice issues. Participants will engage with experts on balancing prosecution with healing communities, and will publish perspectives in a book. The application deadline is February 10, 2013 and fees range from $1050-1300, with scholarships available.
Hsc2017 legal studies
This document provides resources for teaching the NSW HSC Legal Studies course. It begins by introducing the author Dave Gooley and his legal studies teaching experience. It then summarizes the key topics covered in the Preliminary and HSC Legal Studies courses, including the legal system, individual and law, law in practice, and crime. For each topic, it lists relevant questions students should consider and provides examples of case studies, media reports, websites and other materials that could be used to teach the topics. Overall, the document aims to equip Legal Studies teachers with up-to-date, real-world resources to enhance student learning.
CRJ 613 Entire Course NEW
Check this A+ tutorial guideline at
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For more classes visit
http://www.uopassignments.com/
Examples Of Thesis Statements In A Persuasive Essay
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The document discusses the challenges of navigating civil and criminal justice systems for victims of domestic abuse. It notes that the criminal system relies on police investigation and prosecution of offenses, while the civil system offers non-molestation and occupation orders to protect victims. However, the disconnect between these systems means information is not shared and victims must navigate aging, separate systems that were not designed to work together holistically to prioritize victim safety. The report calls for dismantling barriers to better information sharing across systems in order to more effectively protect victims and manage perpetrators.
CRJ325Constitutional Amendments and Criminal Justice Process T.docx
CRJ325
Constitutional Amendments and Criminal Justice Process Template
Instructions
For each Constitutional amendment:
Provide the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Constitutional amendments along with your interpretation of them and their importance.
Illustrate with an example how the amendment applies to a player and a step in the criminal justice process (e.g., 4th amendment—law enforcement—arrest).
You will need to refer to the 3Ps of Criminal Justice graphic you have been reviewing throughout the course.
Illustrate with an example, from case law or contemporary articles, how the amendment applies to the particular player and step in the criminal justice process.
Note:
The 4th Amendment is completed for you as a guide to completing the 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments.
Remember to use your work from this week’s discussion when completing the 5th and 6th amendments.
Consult the Constitutional Amendments Resources List for links to help you with your research.
Remember to use SWS to properly cite your sources.
Amendment/Interpretation/Importance
Player/Step/Example/
Example from Case Law or Contemporary Article. (This database will help you complete this column:
CQ Supreme Court Collection.)
4th Amendment
The 4th amendment states: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized” (1).
The 4th Amendment protects people against unreasonable search and seizure of their person, property, and belongings. It also includes warrants. For example, it sets requirements for issuing warrants. A judge or magistrate must issue warrants, and they must be backed up by facts and supported under oath.
A government with extreme overreach would be difficult to live under. Therefore, the founding fathers included the 4th Amendment, which protects citizens from unreasonable and searches both warranted and warrantless.
Law Enforcement—Preliminary Investigation
As an example, police detectives have taken statements from an informant under oath pertaining to the whereabouts of a robbery suspect. The officers believe evidence exists at a certain location based on the informant’s statements and eyewitness testimony. They go to the court seeking a search warrant for that specific location and state their evidence to the judge. The judge then decides based on the facts.
The United States Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision in 2015 in
Rodriguez v. United States. The Court held that Nebraska police violated Rodriguez’s 4th amendment rights when they extended an otherwise lawful traffic stop in order to let a drug-sniffing dog investigate the outside of the vehicle (2).
In
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This document provides an overview of the differences between the U.S. and Italian criminal justice systems, specifically examining how they differ in their examination of justice, court structure, and use of evidence for conviction. The Italian system is inquisitorial, meaning the judge and prosecutor work together to investigate cases, while the U.S. system is adversarial. The Italian court has three judges and six lay assessors, while the U.S. focuses on proving innocence or guilt.
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The document discusses how Mark Twain portrayed slaves in his works. It argues that Twain failed to show sympathy for slaves or accurately portray black people. He used stereotypes and fetishization rather than developing complex characters. While Twain wrote important stories, questions remain about whether he truly understood the African American experience or subtly expressed racist views in his writing.
is anybody listening_DBHedit (1)
This summary provides an overview of the key points made in the document:
1) The document discusses the lack of diversity in the legal profession, despite frequent commitments to diversity, with people of color severely underrepresented at all levels of the profession.
2) Numbers are presented showing underrepresentation of racial minorities among lawyers, law firm partners, judges, and corporate counsel.
3) Possible reasons for the lack of progress on diversity discussed include implicit bias still impacting opportunities, as well as racial bias affecting minorities from a young age.
4) The document presents the case of MetLife's legal department which is taking steps like assigning senior leaders responsibility for championing the success of diverse talent, in order to
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environment to increase likelihood of violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions influences aggressive tendencies. Those who easily perceive threats and have difficulty regulating emotions are more prone to violence.
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environments to increase violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions like anger, frustration, and perceived threats influences violent tendencies. Those who are quick to feel threatened and see hostility in others' actions are more likely to respond violently.
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environments to increase likelihood of violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions influences aggressive tendencies. Those who easily perceive threats and have difficulty regulating emotions may act violently due to cognitive distortions and inability to control anger.
9Th Grade Essay Format. Online assignment writing service.
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors which may be repeated, especially if rewarded.
2. Impulsivity and poor self-control have been linked to violence according to traits theories. Those with difficulties regulating emotions and impulses may act violently when angry or frustrated.
3. Attachment theory suggests that children who experience neglect, abuse or inconsistent caregiving are more likely to develop mental representations of relationships as distrustful and aggressive. This can influence the use of violence in future relationships.
Www nacdl org_resource_center_aspx_id_21257
The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) is the preeminent organization in the United States advancing the mission of the nation's criminal defense lawyers to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or other misconduct.
Uc College Essays. Online assignment writing service.
This document provides instructions for a lab experiment investigating the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas through enzyme catalysis. The experiment will measure the amount of oxygen gas produced to calculate the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Enzymes act as biochemical catalysts by lowering the activation energy of reactions, allowing cells to carry out complex chemical processes at low temperatures. The substrate interacts reversibly with the active site of the enzyme, temporarily reducing the activation energy and allowing products to form.
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Study: Millions of Americans Go To Court Without a Lawyer
Countless movies and TV shows include a scene where a police officer arrests an alleged criminal and reads them the Miranda warning. Actors playing the role of police officers say, “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed.”
Vol. 8 No. 2, May 2017 ISSN 2156-7964 URL httpwww.i
Vol. 8 No. 2, May 2017
ISSN 2156-7964
URL: http://www.iacajournal.org
Cite this as: DOI:
Copyright:
International Journal For Court Administration | May 2017 30
Ca n Artificia l Intelligence And Online Dispute Resolution Enha nce Efficiency And
Effectiveness In Courts
By John Zeleznikow1
Abstract:
The growing rise in the number of self-represented litigants has negative implications for both the court system and
access to justice. The expanding use of Artificial Intelligence and the World Wide Web has led to the development
and use of Online Dispute Resolution. In this article, we investigate a number of systems in Australian Family Law
that enhance Alternative Dispute Resolution and Access to Justice. We discuss how a hybrid system that
incorporates advice about Best Alternatives to Negotiated Agreements (BATNAs) and potential trade-offs as well as
allowing online communication can enhance access to justice.
Keywords: Self-Represented Litigants, Access to Justice, Online Dispute Resolution, Artificial Intelligence
1. Introduction
The growing rise in the number of litigants who represent themselves in court has undesirable consequences for the
administration of justice (Zeleznikow 2002). As early as 1999, a study conducted for the American Bar Association in the
Supreme Court of Maricopa County, Arizona, USA indicated that at least one of the parties were self-represented in over
88% of domestic relations cases and both parties were self-represented in 52% of the cases. Meachem (1999) reports
that 24,416 of the 54,693 cases opened in the US Court of Appeals in 1999 were filed by pro se appellants 2. Many pro se
appellants have neither the financial resources nor the legal skills to conduct their own appeals. Quatrevaux (1996) notes
that there is a shortfall in legal systems for poor persons residing in the United States.
In Washington State, for example, a 2003 study found that more than three-quarters of all low-income households
experience at least one civil (not criminal) legal problem each year. In the aggregate, low-income people experience more
than one million important civil legal problems annually; low-income people face more than 85% of their legal problems
without help from an attorney. The United States Courts are overwhelmed with a flood of Self Represented litigants, who
represent as much as eighty percent of the caseloads in certain jurisdictions, and millions of others who don't get to court
at all (Almeida 2013).
Branting (2001) claims that domestic abuse victims are particularly likely to have few resources and little opportunity to
obtain the services of a lawyer. He states that the growth of the consumer movement has increased the trend for pro se
litigation. The growing availability of books, document kits and computerized forms—together with the increasing
availability of legal materials on the World Wide Web—has increased the opportunities ...
Iatj call for applications
The document announces the 3rd Institute for African Transitional Justice to be held in Uganda from March 17-23, 2013. The institute will examine approaches to transitional justice in Africa, including prosecuting international crimes versus implementing broader programs to address victims' expectations of justice through mechanisms like reparations and truth-telling. It seeks applicants from universities, NGOs, and international organizations working on African transitional justice issues. Participants will engage with experts on balancing prosecution with healing communities, and will publish perspectives in a book. The application deadline is February 10, 2013 and fees range from $1050-1300, with scholarships available.
Hsc2017 legal studies
This document provides resources for teaching the NSW HSC Legal Studies course. It begins by introducing the author Dave Gooley and his legal studies teaching experience. It then summarizes the key topics covered in the Preliminary and HSC Legal Studies courses, including the legal system, individual and law, law in practice, and crime. For each topic, it lists relevant questions students should consider and provides examples of case studies, media reports, websites and other materials that could be used to teach the topics. Overall, the document aims to equip Legal Studies teachers with up-to-date, real-world resources to enhance student learning.
CRJ 613 Entire Course NEW
Check this A+ tutorial guideline at
https://www.uopassignments.com/crj-613-ash
For more classes visit
http://www.uopassignments.com/
Examples Of Thesis Statements In A Persuasive Essay
This document discusses the causes and negative effects of smartphone addiction among teens and college students. Researchers have studied the factors that can lead to problematic smartphone use and smartphone addiction. Students now spend much of their smartphone time on social media, and whether social media is beneficial for students is highly debated. While smartphones provide new ways to communicate, excessive smartphone and social media use can have negative impacts on students.
Joining the Dots
The document discusses the challenges of navigating civil and criminal justice systems for victims of domestic abuse. It notes that the criminal system relies on police investigation and prosecution of offenses, while the civil system offers non-molestation and occupation orders to protect victims. However, the disconnect between these systems means information is not shared and victims must navigate aging, separate systems that were not designed to work together holistically to prioritize victim safety. The report calls for dismantling barriers to better information sharing across systems in order to more effectively protect victims and manage perpetrators.
CRJ325Constitutional Amendments and Criminal Justice Process T.docx
CRJ325
Constitutional Amendments and Criminal Justice Process Template
Instructions
For each Constitutional amendment:
Provide the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Constitutional amendments along with your interpretation of them and their importance.
Illustrate with an example how the amendment applies to a player and a step in the criminal justice process (e.g., 4th amendment—law enforcement—arrest).
You will need to refer to the 3Ps of Criminal Justice graphic you have been reviewing throughout the course.
Illustrate with an example, from case law or contemporary articles, how the amendment applies to the particular player and step in the criminal justice process.
Note:
The 4th Amendment is completed for you as a guide to completing the 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments.
Remember to use your work from this week’s discussion when completing the 5th and 6th amendments.
Consult the Constitutional Amendments Resources List for links to help you with your research.
Remember to use SWS to properly cite your sources.
Amendment/Interpretation/Importance
Player/Step/Example/
Example from Case Law or Contemporary Article. (This database will help you complete this column:
CQ Supreme Court Collection.)
4th Amendment
The 4th amendment states: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized” (1).
The 4th Amendment protects people against unreasonable search and seizure of their person, property, and belongings. It also includes warrants. For example, it sets requirements for issuing warrants. A judge or magistrate must issue warrants, and they must be backed up by facts and supported under oath.
A government with extreme overreach would be difficult to live under. Therefore, the founding fathers included the 4th Amendment, which protects citizens from unreasonable and searches both warranted and warrantless.
Law Enforcement—Preliminary Investigation
As an example, police detectives have taken statements from an informant under oath pertaining to the whereabouts of a robbery suspect. The officers believe evidence exists at a certain location based on the informant’s statements and eyewitness testimony. They go to the court seeking a search warrant for that specific location and state their evidence to the judge. The judge then decides based on the facts.
The United States Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision in 2015 in
Rodriguez v. United States. The Court held that Nebraska police violated Rodriguez’s 4th amendment rights when they extended an otherwise lawful traffic stop in order to let a drug-sniffing dog investigate the outside of the vehicle (2).
In
.
Essay On Racial Profiling
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Amanda Knox Summary
This document provides an overview of the differences between the U.S. and Italian criminal justice systems, specifically examining how they differ in their examination of justice, court structure, and use of evidence for conviction. The Italian system is inquisitorial, meaning the judge and prosecutor work together to investigate cases, while the U.S. system is adversarial. The Italian court has three judges and six lay assessors, while the U.S. focuses on proving innocence or guilt.
Recommendation Letter For Master Degree Example -
The document discusses the concept of a culture of honor and provides examples of environments where this culture can commonly be seen. A culture of honor establishes how people handle conflicts and disputes without interference from legal authorities. Key environments mentioned include inner cities, frontier lands, southern United States, and conflict zones, as people in these areas may not trust or have access to authority. The document suggests that in a culture of honor, people avoid intentionally offending others and maintain a reputation of not accepting improper conduct.
Image Result For Anchor Chart Writing
The document discusses how Mark Twain portrayed slaves in his works. It argues that Twain failed to show sympathy for slaves or accurately portray black people. He used stereotypes and fetishization rather than developing complex characters. While Twain wrote important stories, questions remain about whether he truly understood the African American experience or subtly expressed racist views in his writing.
is anybody listening_DBHedit (1)
This summary provides an overview of the key points made in the document:
1) The document discusses the lack of diversity in the legal profession, despite frequent commitments to diversity, with people of color severely underrepresented at all levels of the profession.
2) Numbers are presented showing underrepresentation of racial minorities among lawyers, law firm partners, judges, and corporate counsel.
3) Possible reasons for the lack of progress on diversity discussed include implicit bias still impacting opportunities, as well as racial bias affecting minorities from a young age.
4) The document presents the case of MetLife's legal department which is taking steps like assigning senior leaders responsibility for championing the success of diverse talent, in order to
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environment to increase likelihood of violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions influences aggressive tendencies. Those who easily perceive threats and have difficulty regulating emotions are more prone to violence.
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environments to increase violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions like anger, frustration, and perceived threats influences violent tendencies. Those who are quick to feel threatened and see hostility in others' actions are more likely to respond violently.
9Th Grade Essay Format
1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors and that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.
2. Biosocial theory suggests that biological and genetic factors like low serotonin levels and a predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking interact with social environments to increase likelihood of violence.
3. Cognitive-emotional theory proposes that how people process social information and emotions influences aggressive tendencies. Those who easily perceive threats and have difficulty regulating emotions may act violently due to cognitive distortions and inability to control anger.
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1. Social learning theory posits that violence is learned through observation and reinforcement. By witnessing violence, people learn aggressive behaviors which may be repeated, especially if rewarded.
2. Impulsivity and poor self-control have been linked to violence according to traits theories. Those with difficulties regulating emotions and impulses may act violently when angry or frustrated.
3. Attachment theory suggests that children who experience neglect, abuse or inconsistent caregiving are more likely to develop mental representations of relationships as distrustful and aggressive. This can influence the use of violence in future relationships.
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The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) is the preeminent organization in the United States advancing the mission of the nation's criminal defense lawyers to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or other misconduct.
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This document provides instructions for a lab experiment investigating the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas through enzyme catalysis. The experiment will measure the amount of oxygen gas produced to calculate the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Enzymes act as biochemical catalysts by lowering the activation energy of reactions, allowing cells to carry out complex chemical processes at low temperatures. The substrate interacts reversibly with the active site of the enzyme, temporarily reducing the activation energy and allowing products to form.
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Slides for presentation in jtp by sk
- 1. Slides for the Final Project Presentation in Justice & Technology Practicum I by Sofiia Kulitska December 7, 2018 Virtual Experiential Learning As A Uniquely Interdisciplinary Intercountry Response To The A2J Crisis: Prospects Of Integration With A2J Author Image from https://www.starpointcsd.org/domain/382
- 2. 2 EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND United States of America Þ According to the Self-Represented Litigation Network1, 1 out of 10 Americans is a self-represented litigant (hereinafter – “SRL”) each year in a newly filed case, and 3 out of 5 people in a civil case represent themselves in court. Þ According to the American Bar Association 2 , there are currently 1,338,678 licensed, active attorneys in the U.S., i.e. about 1 attorney for every 300 people. Þ According to the National Center’s for Access to Justice at Fordham Law School Justice Index findings3, there is less than one civil legal aid attorney to help every 10,000 Americans living in poverty. No state fully meets the legal needs of its poor residents. 1 URL: https://www.srln.org/node/21/about-srln 2 URL: https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2018/05/new_aba_data_reveals/ 3 URL: https://justiceindex.org/2016-findings/attorney-access/#site-navigation
- 3. 3 Canada ¨ According to the National Self-Represented Litigants Project4 , at least half the people in family courts across the country arrive without lawyers. In Toronto, the figure is closer to 80%. Appeals courts are reporting around 30% SRLs, and in civil courts the figure is between 30 and 40%. Australia • In 2016-20175 , the Australian High Court reports rate of 42 per cent (compared with 46 per cent in 2015-20166 ) of SRLs who filed a special leave applications. • 76 per cent of the immigration applications filed in 2015-20167 were filed by SRLs. 4 URL: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/the-sunday-edition-march-25-2018-1.4589621/more-canadians-are-acting-as-their-own-lawyer-because-they-don-t- have-a-choice-1.4589633 5 URL: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/corporate/annual-reports/HCA_Annual_Report_2016-17.pdf 6 URL: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/corporate/annual-reports/HCA_Annual_Report_2015-16.pdf 7 Ibid.
- 5. 5 PROBLEM (?) Most Pro Se Litigants lack the skills and/or experience needed to effectively represent themselves in adjudicatory proceedings
- 6. 6 (!) EXISTING SOLUTION(s) (i) Simulated hearing video clips for SRLs at the (quasi-)judicial bodies websites, e.g.: Canada: Þ BC Court of Appeal Self Help Website; Þ Ontario – Consent & Capacity Board - Mock Hearings; Þ Tribunal administratif du Québec; Þ SJTO - Landlord and Tenant Board; Þ Nova Scotia – WCAT - Guide to Oral Hearing; Þ Immigration & Refugee Board Canada – Claimant’s Guide. United States of America: Þ The Illinois Supreme Court - On-Demand video of oral arguments is available in MP4 format beginning in November 2014; Þ California's Self-Help Civil Appeals Website; Þ Etc. (ii) Learning game(s) that simulate the (quasi-)legal / judicial process(es)
- 9. 9
- 10. 10 Homo Ludens era? «That an affinity may exist between law and play becomes obvious to us as soon as we realize how much the actual practice of the law, in other words a lawsuit, properly resembles a contest whatever the ideal foundations of the law may be. … «The judicial contest is always subject to a system of restrictive rules which, quite apart from the limitations of time and place, set the lawsuit firmly and squarely in the domain of orderly, antithetical play. The active association of law and play, particularly in archaic culture, can be seen from three points of view. The lawsuit can be regarded as a game of chance, a contest, or a verbal battle.» (pp. 76, 78, respectively) «Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture» by Johan Huizinga Available at: http://art.yale.edu/file_columns/0000/1474/homo_ludens_johan_huizinga_routled ge_1949_.pdf
- 11. 11 PROPOSAL(S) Virtual Experiential Learning ¯ ® Integration of A2J Author with digital learning game(s) E.g.: A2J Author + RePresent: Renter! ® Collaboration between the A2J Labs (e.g., at the Harvard Law School 8 ) and A2J Author with respect to the VR/AR application to the legal/judicial process(es) simulation 8 For details, see: http://a2jlab.org/virtual-reality-in-access-to-justice/
- 12. 12 “Man only plays when in the full meaning of the word he is a man, and he is only completely a man when he plays.” From the Friedrich Schiller’s “Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man”