This document provides an overview of Java Server Pages (JSP) technology. It discusses JSP architecture and components like expressions, scriptlets, declarations, comments, directives, standard actions, implicit objects, and JavaBeans. Expression Language (EL) is also introduced, which allows accessing Java objects in JSP using a simpler syntax. Key elements like scopes, operators, and implicit objects available in EL are explained.

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Java Server Pages
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JSPBasics
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JSP
JavaServerPage(JSP)isaserversidescriptlanguage
Savedwith.jspextension
Asimple,yetpowerfulJavatechnologyforcreatingandmaintainingdynamic-contentwebspages
JSPpageareconvertedbythewebcontainerintoaServletinstance
Itfocusonthepresentationlogicofthewebapplication
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Architecture of JSP
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JSPExpression
Includes expression in a scripting language page
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Scriptlet
Refers to code blocks executed for every request.
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Declarations
Defines the variables and methods for a JSPpage
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Comments
Explains the functioning of the code
Comments are ignored by the servletduring compilation
Syntax
...
<!–-HTML comments -->
...
...
<%--JSPcomments --%>
... ... <% /*Scripting languages comments*/ %> ...
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Directives
ControlsthestructureoftheservletbysendingmessagesfromtheJSPpagetotheJSPcontainer.
Specifythescriptinglanguagetoused.
DenotetheuseofcustomtaglibraryinaJSPpage.
BeusedtoincludethecontentofanotherJSPpage.
…
Syntax
...
<%directivenameattribute = “value”%>
... Specifies the JSPdirective
Refers to the directive attribute
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Directives –Contd…
The types of JSPdirectives are:
page-Associates the attributes that affect the entire JSPpage
include-Sends message to the JSPcontainer to include the contents of one file into another
taglib-Enables the use of custom tags in the JSPpage
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pageDirective
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includeDirective12

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taglibDirective
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Standard Actions
Tags affecting the behavior of JSPat runtime and the response sent back to web browser
Syntax:
...
<jsp: standard action>
...
Standard Action
Description
<jsp: useBean>
Accesses the functions of custom tags
<jsp: param>
Provides name and value to the parameters used by the JSP page
<jsp: include>
Includes the output from one file into the other files
<jsp: forward>
Transfers control from a JSPpage to another
<jsp: plugin>
Uses a pluginto execute an applet or bean
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JSPImplicit Object
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Implicit Objects
Are loaded by the Web Container automatically and maintains them in a JSPpage
The names of the implicit objects are reserved words of JSP
Access dynamic content using JavaBeans
Types of implicit objects
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Implicit Objects (cont)
Object
Class / Interface
page
javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage
config
javax.servlet.ServletConfig
request
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
response
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
out
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter
session
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession
application
javax.servlet.ServletContext
pageContext
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext
exception
java.lang.Throwable
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The requestObject
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RepresentstherequestfromtheclientforaWebpage
Controlsinformationassociatedwitharequestfromclient
Includesthesource,URL,headers,cookiesandparameters

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The responseObject
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Manages the response generated by JSPcontainer and sends response to the client
Is passed as a parameter to JSP_jspService() method
The outObject
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Represents the output stream, then it will be sent to the client as a response for the request
Is has page scope
The sessionObject
21Provides all the objects available in the JSPpages within the session
The applicationObject
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Is used to share the data between all application pages
Can be accessed by any JSPpresent in the application
The pageContextObbject(1)
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Provides methods to access all attributes defined by implicit objects in the page.
Provides methods to transfer control from one web page to another
osetAttribute()
ogetAttribute()
ogetAttributeNamesInScope()
oremoveAttribute()
The pageContextObbject(2)
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Find the scope or specify the scope

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ServletObject (1)
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The pageobject: is an instance of the servletprocessing the current request in a JSPpage.
ServletObject (2)
26The “config” Object:
oStores the information of the servlet
oRepresents the configuration of the servletdata where a JSPpage is compiled
oIt has page scope
The exceptionObject
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Is used to handle errors in a JSPpage
Is used to trace the exception thrown during the execution
It has page scope
Error handling
<%@page errorpage=“error.jsp”%>
< --some of code,…-->
index.jsp
error.jsp
<%@page isErrorPage=“true”%> <% if(exception!=null){ out.println(exception.getMessage()); } %>
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Standard Actions
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Standard Actions
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AreXMLliketagswhichtaketheformofanXMLtagwithanameprefixedjsp
Areusedfor
Forwardingrequestsandperformingincludesinpage
EmbeddingtheappropriateHTMLonpages
InteractingbetweenpagesandJavaBeans
Providingadditionalfunctionalitytotaglibraries
Syntax:
<jsp:actionNameattribute=“value”>...</jsp:actionName>
Someproperties
Using<jsp>prefix
Theattributesarecasesensitive
Valueintheattributesmustbeenclosedindoublequotes
Standardactionscanbeeitheranemptyoracontainertag
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<jsp:include>
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Include either static or dynamic file in jspfile at the time of page request.
Static case: The content is included in the calling jspfile.
Dynamic case: it acts on the request and send back a result that is include in the JSPpage.
Syntax:
<jsp:include: page=“webURL”|<%=exp%> flush=“true”/>
<jsp:forward>
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It’s used to forward the request and response to another jsppage or servlet
Syntax:
<jsp:forwardpage=“{webURL|<%=exp%>}”>
<jsp:paramname=“{paramName|<%=exp%>”}/>
<jsp:forward>
Allow to pass one or more name/value pairs as parameters to an included or forwarded resource like a jsppage.
Syntax:
<jsp:paramname=“thename” value=“{thevalue|<%=exp%>}”
<jsp:param>
<jsp:plugin>
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Used in the execution of an applet or bean.
Syntax:
<jsp:plugintype=“bean|applet” code=“ClassFileName” codebase=“classFileDirectoryName” <jsp:params> <jsp:paramname=“thename” value=“thevalue”> </jsp:params> [<jsp:fallback> display message to user</jsp:fallback>
</jsp:plugin>
<jsp:fallback>
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Display a text message to user if the plug- in could not start.
Syntax:
<jsp:fallback> html message</jsp:fallback>
JavaBeans
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Concept
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JavaBeans are reusable components that can be deployed in java.
Define the interactivity of Java object
Allow creation of graphical components that can be reused in GUI application.
Can be embedded in multiple applications, servletand jsp.
Requirements:
oBe a public class
oHave a public constructor with no arguments
oHave get/set methods to read/write bean properties
Components of JavaBeans:
◦Properties
Getters and setters
◦Methods
◦Events

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<jsp:useBean>
Is used to create a reference and include an existing bean component in JSP
The <jsp:useBean> follows to locate or instantiate the Bean
Attempsto locate a Bean within the scope
Defines an object reference variable with the name
Stores a reference to it in the variable, if it retrieves the Bean
Instantiates it from the specified class, it is cannot retrieve the Bean
Syntax: <jsp:useBeanid=“name” class=“class” scope=“page/session/request/application” />
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<jsp:getProperty>
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Using for retrieve properties value of the Bean.
RetrievesabeanpropertyvalueusingthegettermethodsanddisplaystheoutputinaJSPpage
The<jsp:getProperty>andexpressionconvertthevalueintoastringandinsertitintoanimplicitoutobject
Somedrawbacks
Failstoretrievethevaluesofindexesproperty
Failstodirectlyaccessenterprisebeancomponents
Syntax:
<jsp:getPropertyname=“Bean_Alias” property=“PropertyName”/>
<jsp:setProperty>
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Retrieves a bean property value using the getter methods and displays the output in a JSPpage
The <jsp:getProperty> and expression convert the value into a string and insert it into an implicit out object
Some drawbacks:
◦Fails to retrieve the values of indexes property
◦Fails to directly access enterprise bean components
Syntax:
<jsp:setPropertyname=“Bean_Alias” property=“Property_Name” value=“TheValue” param=“Parameter”/>
JavaBeans & Scriptlets
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JavaBeanscanbeaccessedfromscriptingelementindifferentways.DoitlikesinJ2SE.
TheJSPcontainerconvertsthestringvaluesintononstringvaluesbytheattributevaluesthatevaluatethecorrectdatatypetosetthepropertyvalue
Expression Language
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Expression Language (EL)
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New feature of JSP2.0
Allows JSPdevelopers to access java objects via a compact, easy-to-use shorthand style (similar to JavaScript)
It can handle both expressions and literals
Developed by two groups
JSPStandard Tag Library expert group
JSP2.0 expert group
Syntax: ${EL Expression}

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EL Implicit Objects
43Implicit Objects
pageContext
cookie
initParamparamValues
param
header
headerValuesapplicationservletContext
request
session
response
Request Headers and Parameters
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param: return a value that maps a request parameter name to a single string valueex: "${param.Name}“
paramValues: return an array of values is mapped to the request parameters from clientex: “${paramValues.Name[0]}”
header: return a request header name and maps the value to single string value. ex: ${header[“host”]}
headerValues: return an array of values is mapped to the request headerex: ${headerValues.Name}
cookie: returns the cookies name mapped to the single cookie objectex: ${cookie.name.value}
initParam: returns a context initialization parameter name, which is mapped to a single value.
Scope variables (1)
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Variables are used to store and access values in JSPprogram
Variable refers as a attributes that are stored in standard scope such as page, request, session and application
Dot operator . or square brackets [ ] can be used to access value of variable
Example
${pageScope.color}
${pageScope[“color”]}
Scope Variables (2)
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EL Operators
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*
/ or div
+
-
% or mod
< or lt
> or gt
< = or le
> = or ge
= = or eq
!= or ne
&& or and
|| or or
! or not
empty
Operators
Empty
LogicalRelational
Arithmetic
Example
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JSPStandard Tag Library (JSTL)
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Concept
JSTLprovides a set of reusable standard tag that work for create jsppages.
JSTLallows programming using tags rather than scriptletcode.
JSTLhas tags, such as:
◦Iteratorsand conditional tags
◦Internationalization tags
◦SQL tags
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Types Of Tags Libraries
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JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL)
Core Tag Library
I18N & Formatting Tag Library
SQL Tag Library
XML Tag Library
Core Tag Library
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General Purpose Tags
Decision Making Tags
Iteration Tags
set
removeout
forEachforTokens
if
choose
Core Tag Library
General Purpose Tags
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<c:set>: assigns a value to a variable in scope
<c:remove>: remove a scope variable
<c:out>: evaluate an expression and store a result in the current JspWriterobject.
<c:catch>: provides an exception handling functionality, such as try-catch inside jsppages without using scriptlet
Syntax:
<c:setvar=“varName” value=“value” scope=“page|request|session|application” />
<c:removevar=“varName” scope=“page|request|session|application” />
<c:outvalue=“value|expression” escapeXml=“true|false” default=“defaultValue” />
<c:catch/>
Example
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Decision-Making Tags
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<c:if>: used for conditional execution of the code
<c:choose>: similar switch statement in java
Iteration Tags
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<c:forEach>: used to repatethe body content over a collection of objects.
<c:forTokens>: used to iterate over a collection of tokens separated by user-specified delimiters.
SQL Tag Library
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SQL Tag Library
setDataSourcequery
update
param
transaction
The sql:setDataSourceTag
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The sql:queryTag
The sql:updateTag
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The sql:paramTag
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The sql:transactionTag
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Internationalization(I18N)
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I18NBasics(1)
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Internationalization
Themethodofdesigninganapplicationthatcanbeadaptedtoaregionoralanguagewithoutmuchchangeinthetechnology
HelpsincreatinginternationalizedWebapplicationthatstandardizeformattednumericanddate-timeoutput(supportingmultiplelanguages)
Localization
Isaprocessofmakingofproductorservicelanguage,culturalandlocal“lookandfeel”specific
ALocaleisasimpleobjectidentifyingaspecificlanguageandgeographicregion(java.lang.Locale)
Isdenotedbyxx_YY(languagecode_lettercountry)
UnicodeinJava,isa16bitcharacterencoding
ResourceBundlescontainlocale-specificobjects
Internationalizing (1)
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ResourceBundles
IsasetofrelatedclassesthatinheritfromResourceBundle
Theseveralmethods
publicstaticfinalResourceBundlegetBundle(StringbaseName, Localelocale)
publicabstractEnumerationgetKeys()
publicLocalegetLocale()
publicfinalObjectgetObject(Stringkey)
publicfinalStringgetString(Stringkey)
FormattingDatesinServlets
UsingpredefinedFormats:SHORT,MEDIUM,LONG,FULL
CreateaformatterwiththegetDateInstance()methodofDateFormatclass
Invokingtheformat()method
CustomisingFormats:UsingtheSimpleDateFormatclass
Internationalizing (2)
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FormattingCurrencies
Currency:thisclassrepresentscurrencybyISO4217currencycodes
publicStringgetCurrencyNode()
publicStringgetSymbol()
publicstaticCurrencygetInstance(Localelocale)
NumberFormat:thisisanabstractbaseclassforallnumberformats
publicfinalStringformat(doublenumber)
publicCurrencygetCurrency()
publicstaticfinalNumberFormatgetInstance()
publicNumberparse(Stringstr)throwsParseException
publicvoidsetCurrency(Currencycurrency)
FormattingPercentages
publicstaticfinalNumberFormatgetPercentInstance()
publicstaticNumberFormatgetPercentInstance(LocaleinLocale)

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Internationalizing (3)
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FormattingMessages
UsingtheMessageFormatObjects
ThearrayofobjectsusingtheformatspecifiersembeddedinthepatternformatetedbytheMessageFormat.format()
Theclassesforformattingmessages
MessageFormat
MessageFormat.Field