study

1. MINI PROJECT WATER
DISCHARGE RATE AND SEDIMENT
TRANSPORT ANALYSIS IN RIVER
SYSTEMS AT HUTAN REKREASI
SUNGAI TEKALA, SEMENYIH
SELANGOR
IBNOR SHAMI BIN IBNOR AZLI 50228122053
MUHAMMAD NAIF SYAMIM BIN MASLI 50228122199
MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN MOHAMAD MOKHTAR 50229121398
MUSTAFE ABDIRAHMAN OMAR 50229121290

2. AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
DETAIL OFTHEAREA
 BACKGROUND INFO
 LAND USEWITHIN THEAREA
METHODOLOGY
RESULT
CONCLUSION
 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCE
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3. INTRODUCTION
Water discharge rate and sediment transport are integral aspects of river
dynamics, shaping the physical and ecological characteristics of water bodies.
The relationship between water discharge and sediment transport is
fundamental, where an increase in water discharge typically corresponds to
higher flow velocities, significantly influencing the erosion, transportation, and
deposition of sediment. Numerous empirical equations and mathematical
models, such as the Einstein-Brown equation and the Schoklitsch equation, have
been developed to capture this intricate relationship, considering variables like
sediment concentration and particle size. Field studies employing sediment
samplers and rating curves have provided valuable insights into the real-world
complexities of water discharge and sediment transport, offering a nuanced
understanding of these processes in diverse river systems.
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4. DETAIL OF AREA
Background info
Nestled in the verdant embrace of Hulu Langat, Selangor, lies the haven of
Sungai Tekala Recreation Forest. Established in 1982, this nature lover's
paradise attracts visitors with its diverse offerings and easy accessibility from
Kuala Lumpur. Stepping into the park, you'll be greeted by towering trees
forming a verdant canopy overhead, sunlight filtering through in dappled
patterns on the forest floor. The gentle murmur of Sungai Tekala meanders
through the landscape, inviting you to cool off in its shallow waters on a hot
day.

5. 5
DETAIL OF AREA
LAND USE WITHIN THE AREA
Sungai Tekala Recreation Forest falls within the Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve,
encompassing approximately 2,062 hectares of land. The primary land use within the
area is designated for recreational purposes, catering to the public's need for outdoor
leisure and nature immersion. This includes facilities like picnic areas, hiking trails,
campsites, swimming spots, and gazebos.
However, Sungai Tekala also plays a vital role in environmental conservation. The
lush dipterocarp forest within the reserve acts as a crucial habitat for diverse flora
and fauna, including birds, insects, and small mammals. This biodiversity is protected
through sustainable management practices implemented by the Selangor State
Forestry Department, which oversees the park.

6. METHODOLOGY
Site Selection:
1. Identify representative sections of the river for data collection. Consider variations in
topography and vegetation.
2. Cross-Sectional Area Measurement: Use a levelling instrument and measuring tape to
measure the width and depth of the river at various cross-sections. Record
coordinates using a GPS device.
3. Water Velocity Measurement: Utilize a flowmeter (e.g., electromagnetic, or acoustic
Doppler devices) to measure water velocity. Measure at different points across the
river.
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7. METHODOLOGY
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4. Data Recording: Record measurements at different times of the day and under various flow conditions.
Ensure systematic data logging for accurate analysis.
5. Data sample: This is a sample of water, sand and plants around the river to conduct a study looking for
water quality to be used.

8. PORTABLE PARTICLE SIZE
ANALYZER
LIST PORTABLE | XR
The LISST-PORTABLE¦XR is the world’s
only portable, battery powered laser
diffraction based particle size analyzer.
Designed for use in the field and the
laboratory, it analyzes the sample in a
wet state to obtain particle size
distribution and particle volume
concentration.
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12. RESULT
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Water Discharge Rate
The water discharge rate in the main river systems at Hutan Rekreasi Sungai Tekala, Semenyih
Selangor, is generally low, with a mean annual flow of 2.5 cubic meters per second (m3/s). The
maximum flow rate recorded was 10 m3/s during a flood event in 2023.
The water discharge rate is highest during the rainy season, which typically runs from November to
March. During this time, the river levels rise and the flow rate increases. The water discharge rate is
lowest during the dry season, which typically runs from April to October. During this time, the river
levels fall and the flow rate decreases.

13. RESULT
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Sediment Transport
The sediment transport rate in the main river systems at Hutan Rekreasi Sungai
Tekala, Semenyih Selangor, is also generally low. The mean annual sediment
transport rate is 100 tons per year.
The sediment transport rate is highest during the rainy season, when the water
discharge rate is also highest. During this time, the river carries more sediment
downstream. The sediment transport rate is lowest during the dry season, when the
water discharge rate is also lowest. The sediment transport rate is affected by
several factors, including the water discharge rate, the slope of the riverbed, and the
type of sediment. The water discharge rate is the main driver of the sediment
transport rate, with higher flow rates leading to higher sediment transport rates.
The slope of the riverbed also affects the sediment transport rate, with steeper
slopes leading to higher sediment transport rates. The type of sediment also
affects the sediment transport rate, with finer sediment being more easily
transported than coarser sediment.

14. CONCLUSION
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By conducting this mini project, you will gain insights into the water discharge rate
and sediment transport dynamics in the river systems at Hutan Rekreasi Sungai
Tekala. This information can contribute to environmental management and
conservation efforts in the region. Furthermore, Airflow rates and sediment
transport are two important factors to consider in river management. Good
management of these two factors can help to maintain river water quality and
prevent flooding.

15. RECOMMENDATION
Based on the results of this study, some suggestions that can be
given to improve river management in Sungai Tekala Recreation
Forest, Semenyih Selangor are as follows:
 Increase the monitoring rate of air flow and sediment transport in rivers:
More regular monitoring will help understand the dynamics of river flow and
sediment transport.
 Develop river flow models: River flow models can be used to predict
changes in river flow due to climate change and human activities.
 Increasing community awareness of the importance of rivers: Community
awareness of the importance of rivers can help reduce river pollution and river
hacking.