3. ADGANG TIL ACESS TO THE FIELD
From outside
Gatekeeper
Pragmatism
Beware of promises and keep
your promises
Which acess?
Consultant?
From inside
Get everyones’ point of view
The temptation of brilliance
and association
Maintain a middle position
The advantage of error or
making a fool of yourself
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4. PAS PÅ MED BEWARE OF RECOMMENDATIONS...…
‘You were only five, when I started sailing as a Master, so I
dare say, that when it comes to a ship and the work and
communication with the crew, I am much more experienced
than you have. My relation to seafarers of Filipino decent, has
been so close, that I have been invited to their homes. But the
thing is that it is easier for a white person to accomodate to
strangers than it is for a Filipino. It is a problem that neither
you, nor me can fix, the Filipino seafarer must solve that
himself. And they really need to learn that their collective
mentality is no good on board a ship, especially not a ship of
this size.’
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5. THE STAGES OF FIELD WORK
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Excitement
Fear
Curiosity
Observation…
Involvement
Participation
Focus
Creativity
Withdrawal
Revisit
6. DATA SHOWER…
‘Michael welcomes me. He tells me about the
company and the routines at night.
Michael has many tatoos and a very thick gold chain
around his neck. He is about 30. But he is kind and
welcoming. He teases me about my brand new safety
shoes, but points out that its a good thing I’m
wearing them.’
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7. MASTERING
‘I do not have the muscle power H has to push the
heavy pallets on the cobblestones and up the ramps
into the stores. But apart from that I know
everything, H tighten the straps around the cages to
secure then for the transport, but he uses the same
technique as they did for the concrete elements in
Hedehusene.’
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8. ROLES
Completely partipating
The participant as observer
The observer as participant
Completely observerving
Apprentice
Authority person
Psychologist
Witness
Woman…
(Kristiansen and Krogstrup 2003)
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9. PARTICIPATION GAINS
‘I think that it is difficult for him
to get me and my methods and
especially if this really can be a
scientific approach.
But Kay just told me of his deep
respect for the way I try to do
everyone’s job, also the ratings’.
He said he thought it will make it
easier for me to understand their
point of view when I have walked
a mile in their shoes. And the
ratings are glad I ask their opinion
too.
Knowledge
Tacid knowledge
Trust
Ethics!
Street credibility
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10. INTERVIEWS DURING FIELD WORK
Takes some courage
Conversational interviews
Interviews with broad representation
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12. ‘ANNOYING INFORMANTS...
‘I’m with Leif today. He offered to take me. Because
he has a lot on his mind, about all that is wrong,
doesn’t work, steals time, drain their resourses and
should be fixed.
He tells me a lot about during that day.’
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13. BREAKDOWNS
When the traditions of the
researcher and the group
collide
Difference and similarity as
the analytical focal point
Data strips
Schemes (Explanatoty
models – theory)
Coherence (when it makes
sense)
Michael Agar (1986) Speaking of ethnography
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14. THE DEGREE OF PARTICIPATION
‘I’m home at 9 pm. We
agreed to start at 4 am
tomorrow to deliver the
frozen goods, but I cannot do
it. I need more than 6 hours
to recover and to sleep, after
a hard and long day – 12 hours
inside the freezer. I have
decided to cancel.’
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15. A SUBJECT AND AN OBJECT – OR SAVED BY BOURDIEU AND COMFORTED
BY EBBA WERGELAND.
Dobbel consciousness and dobbel role
Professionalism
”Participant objectivation”
”For what needs to be objectivated is not
the anthropologist performing the
anthropological analysis of an unfamiliar
world, but the social world that has made
both the anthropologist and the consious
or unconscious anthropology that he
engages in his anthropological practice”
~ to state one’s professional position.
(Bourdieu 2000)
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16. VALIDITY AND TRANSPERANCY
The study object and the studied field is what determines the
methods applied (cross disciplinarity?)
Objectivity is NOT an issue
But everyone are object to analysis
Explanatory power
Recognizion not agreement
Returning to the field
Theorizing one’s practice and skill...
Being a skilled idiot
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17. THE TRIALS OF HELEN SAMPSON
‘In retrospect, we realized that from the outset we neglected
our needs as researchers. In particular, in prioritizing
research requirements over our own needs...’
‘the key gatekeeper is invariably the captain of a vessel’
‘It was clear that the Chief Officer . . . was very surprised by
my arrival. He had no idea where I would be sleeping and
hadn’t been expecting me. The Captain was asleep and the
C.O. did not want to wake him. . . .’ (Fieldnotes)
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Sampson, H., Thomas, M. (2003) ‘Lone Researchers at Sea: gender,
risk and responsibility’ Qualitative Research, 3(2): 165-189.
18. REFERENCES
Sampson, H., Thomas, M. (2003) ‘Lone Researchers at Sea: gender, risk and
responsibility’ Qualitative Research, 3(2): 165-189.
Michael Ager: Speaking of ethnography, sage
Fieldwork on board ships: A look inside the ethnographer's workshop. / Grøn, S &
Knudsen, F. (Mercator: Maritime Innovation, research and education, Nr. june,
01.2011, s. 363-368).
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