2. 3 ТИПА СООТНОШЕНИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ:
Фигуры
совмещения
(Figures of
Cooccurance)
Фигуры речи
(Figures of
Speech)
Фигуры
тождества
(Figures of
Identity)
Фигуры
неравенства
(Figures of
Inequality)
Фигуры
противоположности
(Figures of Contrast)
Соотношение
противоположных
значений
Соотношение
тождественных
значений
Соотношение
различающихся
значений
3. ФИГУРЫ РЕЧИ (FIGURES OF SPEECH)
Фигуры тождества
Фигуры неравенства
Фигуры
противоположности
5. СРАВНЕНИЕ (SIMILE)
"She dealt with moral problems as a
cleaver deals with meat.“
"My face looks like a wedding-cake left out
in the rain."
"Good coffee is like friendship: rich and
warm and strong.“
6. СИНОНИМЫ-ЗАМЕНИТЕЛИ
(SYNONYM REPLACEMENTS)
«He brought home numberless prizes. He told
his mother countless stories every night about
his school companions. »
«She told his name to the trees. She whispered
it to the flowers. She breathed it to the birds. »
8. СИНОНИМЫ-УТОЧНИТЕЛИ
(SPECIFYING OR CLARIFYING SYNONYMS)
"Relax? I can't relax! Nor can I yield, relent,
or . . . Only two synonyms? Oh my! I'm
losing my perspicacity!"
«Miss Tox escorted a plump, rosy-cheeked,
wholesome, apple-faced young woman»
9. НАРАСТАНИЕ
(GRADATION, CLIMAX)
"My brother need not be idealized, or enlarged in
death beyond what he was in life; to be
remembered simply as a good and decent man,
who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering
and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it."
10. РАЗРЯДКА (ANTICLIMAX)
"The holy passion of Friendship is of so sweet and steady
and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a
whole lifetime, if not asked to lend money."
"The Grand Tour has been a tradition of newly rich
countries ever since young British aristocrats took to the
Continent in the eighteenth century, picking up
languages, antiques, and venereal disease."
"Not only is there no God, but try getting a plumber on
weekends."
11. КАЛАМБУР (PUN)
A boy answers the phone. The caller asks, "Where
are your parents?"
"They ain't here!"
"Come on, son. Where's your grammar?"
"My gramma ain't here neither. She's gone to
church!“
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
12. ЗЕВГМА (ZEUGMA)
"She arrived in a taxi and a flaming rage.“
"He carried a strobe light and the responsibility for
the lives of his men.“
"She lowered her standards by raising her glass,
her courage, her eyes and his hopes."
14. ОКСЮМОРОН(OXYMORON)
oxymoronic expressions: act naturally, random
order, original copy, criminal justice, old news, awful
good, student teacher, deafening silence, definite
possibility, terribly pleased, ill health, loose tights,
small crowd, clearly misunderstood.
"How is it possible to have a civil war?"
"The best cure for insomnia is to get a lot of sleep."
"A yawn may be defined as a silent yell."
15. АНТИТЕЗА (ANTITHESIS)
"Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.“
"We must learn to live together as brothers or
perish together as fools."
16. «I am the way, the truth, and the life»
"When it pours, it reigns."
"We were partners, not soul mates, two separate
people who happened to be sharing a menu and a
life."
"The more acute the experience, the less articulate
its expression."
"When he lifted me up in his arms I felt I had left all
my troubles on the floor beneath me like gigantic
concrete shoes.“
"He has seen the ravages of war, he has known
natural catastrophes, he has been to singles bars."
"We have to believe in free will. We have no
choice."
