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Alejandro Zambrano R1
Audiología y Otoneurología
CMN LA RAZA
domingo, 16 de junio de
2013
SÍNDROME DE CHARGE
OBJETIVOS
Actualización
Características
clínicas
Tratamiento
INTRODUCCIÓN
Hall/Hittner
• Síndrome
Asociación
CHARGE
R. Pagon
CHARGE
A. Verloes
1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
CHARGE
Coloboma
Malformaciones
Cardiacas
Atresia Coanas
Malformaciones
de Oído
Trastornos
Urogenitales
Crecimiento y
Desarrollo
Retardado
1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
• Cresta
neural
Trastorno
blastogenético
y proceso
neurológico
• 8q12
• 2/3 ClínicaGen CHD7
1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
ETIOLOGÍA
Teratogénicos
58% serie
americana
64%
Dutch
GEN CHD7
Multifactorial
Características
clínicas
Blake’s y
Verloes
Valor
Predictivo
31 Lalani SR, Safiullah AM, Fernbach SD et al: Spectrum of CHD7 Mutations in 110 Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 303– 314.
32 Aramaki M, Udaka T, Kosaki R et al: Phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutations. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 410– 414.
CHD7
CHD7
Mutación
Cromatin
helicasa
DNA
Proteína 7
8q12.1
Dos
cromatinas
Un
SNF2/SWI
Un helicasa
Dos
dominios
BRK
Presente en
10/17
pacientes
31 Lalani SR, Safiullah AM, Fernbach SD et al: Spectrum of CHD7 Mutations in 110 Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 303– 314.
32 Aramaki M, Udaka T, Kosaki R et al: Phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutations. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 410– 414.
1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
Los dominios de cromo
• Reorganizan lisina-metilada de
histona del DNA
Dominios SNF2/SWI
Proteínas que forman DNA
• Dependientes ATP asa
36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170.
37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
Dominio helicasa
• Separación fragmentos DNA en
replicación, reparto, transcripción
y recombinación
Dominio BRK
• Desconocida
36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170.
37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
CHD7
• Se expresa desde el día 10 de
concepción en tejidos que formaran
• Vesícula óptica
• Epitelio olfatorio
• Oído interno
• Sistema vascular
• Corazón
• Complejo preganglionar acústico-facial
• Procencéfalo
• Romboencéfalo
• Primer arco braquial
36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170.
37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
SEMA3E
SEMA3E
7q21
S703L
Mutación de novo
Lalani
Coloboma
Atresia coanas
Malformaciones
de oído
Hipoacusia
profunda
Tetralogía de
Fallot
Crecimiento y
Desarrollo
retardado
Relación CHD7 y
SEMA3E
desconocida
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
ANOMALIAS CROMOSOMICAS
Trisomía 18
Trisomía 13
CHARGE
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
ANTECEDENTE PRENATALES
Diabetes Gestacional
Alcoholismo
Ácido
retinoico
Talidomina
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
PATOGENIA
Día 36
Cóclea
Día 37 cierre
coloboma
Día 38
Dehiscencia
membrana
bucofaríngea
Día 40
colonización
tubo
cardiaco por
células tubo
neural
Alteración en
diferenciación
• Mesodermo y ectodermo
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
Manif.
Clínicas
dismorfismo
Alteraciones
oftalmológicas
Alteraciones
auditivas
Atresia coanas
Alteraciones
SNC
Alteración
Romboencéfalo
Alteración
Hipotálamo
Crecimiento
retardado
Alteraciones
genitourinarias
Inmadurez
inmunológica
Trastornos
ortopédicos
Retraso mental
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS
Más de 400 casos
reportados en la literatura
Revisión y estudios
grandes
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
DISMORFISMO
 Cara cuadrada
 Aumento diámetro
bifrontal
 Puente nasal ancho
 Boca pequeña
 Parálisis facial
 Labio y paladar
hendido presente en
15-20% de los casos.
 Alteraciones dentales
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
ALTERACIONES OCULARES
 Coloboma
corioretineal (40%)
 Microoftalmia
presente en 75-90%
 Coloboma
 C. uveal
 C. palpebral
 Hipoplasia del nervio
óptico
 Enoftalmia
 Nistagmus
 Anquiloblefaro
 Atresia del conducto
lacrimal.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
ALTERACIONES AUDITIVAS Y
VESTIBULARES
 Pabellón auricular en
95-100%
 Implantación baja
 Antero-versión
 Forma de asa
 Aplanada
 Apéndices
preauriculares
 Hipoplasia de
conducto auditivo
 Microtía.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
OÍDO MEDIO:
 Ausencia
 musculo del estribo
 ventana oval
 hipoplasia yunque y
estribo
 Otosclerosis
 Otitis crónica serosa.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
OÍDO INTERNO:
 Hipoplasia uncus temporal
 Displasia de Mondini no es especifica.
 Hipoplasia Utrícular y canales semicirculares
 Hipoplasia sáculo y cóclea
 Agenesia canales semicirculares
 Skull-rayos-X
 TAC y IRM
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
Las malformaciones de oído interno:
 Ausencia de nistagmos a estimulación calórica.
 Repuesta vestíbulo-ocular rotatoria ausente.
 Hipoacusia en 60-90%
 hipoacusia conductiva o mixta, frecuencias elevadas.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
ATRESIA DE COANAS
 Presente en 35-65% de
los casos.
 Atresia coanas óseas y
bilateral
 Presente en 38/130
casos
 Hendidura laríngea
 Estenosis subglótica
 Traqueomalacia
 Parálisis de cuerdas
vocales
 Reflujo
gastroesofágico
18 Leclerc JE, Fearon B: Choanal atresia and associated anomalies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1987; 13: 265– 272
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
18 Leclerc JE, Fearon B: Choanal atresia and associated anomalies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1987; 13: 265– 272
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
MALFORMACIONES DE SISTEMA NERVIOSO
CENTRAL
 Presentes en 55-85%
de los pacientes
 Anosmia o hipoplasia
del bulbo olfatorio es
la alteración más
común
 18/18 pacientes
demostrado por IRM .
 Holoprosencefalia
 Hipoplasia de lóbulo
frontal
 Hipoplasia de vermis
 Estenosis del
acueducto de Sylvius
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
 Afección del VIII par
 Parálisis facial congénita asimétrica 50-90%
 Revisión Byerly’s 150 casos:
 VII (43%),
 IX y X (31%)
 II (2% )
 VI (2%)
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
ALTERACION HIPOTALOMO-HIPOFISIS Y
SINDROME DE KALLMANN
 Causa de crecimiento retardado
 Hipoplasia genital
 Pubertad retardada.
 La sustitución hormonal es recomendada.
20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
CRECIMIENTO RETARDADO
 Es poco frecuente
 La mayoría de los pacientes tiene peso y talla
acorde para la edad
 Se relaciona a alteraciones alimenticias y
problemas quirúrgicos
 La deficiencia de GH es rara
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
ALTERACIONES UROGENITALES
 50-70% presentan esta alteración
 80-90% hombres
 15-25% mujeres
 Hipoplasia de los genitales externos es más
común
 80% de los niños presentan micropene, y/o
criptorquidia
 1/3 parte de las niñas presentan hipoplasia de
labios mayores
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
 Alteraciones del tracto urinario presente en 10-
40%
 Principalmente riñón ectópico
 Riñón en herradura
 Alteraciones uretrales
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
OTRAS MALFORMACIONES
VISCERALES
 Defectos congénitos
cardiacos observados
en 50-85% pacientes
 Tetralogía de Fallot
(1/3 de los casos)
 CIV
 CIA
 Coartación de aorta
 PDA presente 75%
 Arteria subclavia
aberrante
 Fistula
traqueoesofágica
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
INMUNODEFICIENCIA
 Poco común y muy variable
 Linfopenia células tipo T
 Deficiencia de subtipos de inmunoglobulinas tipo
G2
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
TRASTORNOS ORTOPÉDICOS
 37% presenta alteraciones de extremidades
inferiores. (54).
 Malformaciones vertebrales:
 Vertebras fusionadas
 Hemivertebras
 Unión cervico-craneal
 Numero de costillas
 Escoliosis en la pubertad 60%
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
RETRASO MENTAL Y ALTERACIONES DEL
COMPORTAMIENTO
 Sedestación después de 1 año de edad
 Primeros pasos 24 o 36 meses
 IQ < 70
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS EN SÍNDROME DE CHARGE
QUE PRESENTA MUTACIÓN DEL GEN CHD7
 La presencia de mutación CDH7 se reporta en:
 En 69/107 pacientes
 En 59/110 pacientes
 En 17/24 pacientes
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
CRITERIOS DIAGNÓSTICOS
 Originalmente se necesitaba cumplir con 4 de los
seis criterios
 Blake’s propuso nuevos criterios diagnósticos
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
DIAGNÓSTICO PRENATAL
 Polihidramnios 57%
 atresia de coanas
 fistula traqueo- esofágica
 Ausencia de canales semicirculares y
alteraciones cardiacas detectada por ultrasonido
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
 Verloes propuso nuevo criterios 3C 2005
 La combinación de 3C presenta un alto valor
predictivo para presencia de mutación CHD7
 Ausencia de mutación CHD7 en 1/3 pacientes
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
TRATAMIENTO
Estabilización
Rehabilitación
Terapia Hormonal
Traqueostomía
Miringotomía
Timpanoplastía
tubos de ventilación
Implante coclear
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
ÓRGANO
Cardiología
Terapia del Lenguaje
Otorrinolaringología
AudiologíaOftalmología
Neurología
Gastroenterología
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
CONCLUSIONES
 Diagnostico clínico
 La puntuación clínica muestra mayor importancia en
pacientes con CHD7
 CHD7 potente regulador en las diferentes vías del
desarrollo embriológico
 En un futuro sabremos si el gen SEMA3E está
implicado en Sx. CHARGE que explicaría el 40%
restante de las mutaciones
 Tratamiento multidisciplinario
16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
CHARGE Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment
CHARGE Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment

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CHARGE Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment

  • 1. Alejandro Zambrano R1 Audiología y Otoneurología CMN LA RAZA domingo, 16 de junio de 2013 SÍNDROME DE CHARGE
  • 3. INTRODUCCIÓN Hall/Hittner • Síndrome Asociación CHARGE R. Pagon CHARGE A. Verloes 1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 4. 1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 5. CHARGE Coloboma Malformaciones Cardiacas Atresia Coanas Malformaciones de Oído Trastornos Urogenitales Crecimiento y Desarrollo Retardado 1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 6. • Cresta neural Trastorno blastogenético y proceso neurológico • 8q12 • 2/3 ClínicaGen CHD7 1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 7. ETIOLOGÍA Teratogénicos 58% serie americana 64% Dutch GEN CHD7 Multifactorial Características clínicas Blake’s y Verloes Valor Predictivo 31 Lalani SR, Safiullah AM, Fernbach SD et al: Spectrum of CHD7 Mutations in 110 Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 303– 314. 32 Aramaki M, Udaka T, Kosaki R et al: Phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutations. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 410– 414.
  • 8. CHD7 CHD7 Mutación Cromatin helicasa DNA Proteína 7 8q12.1 Dos cromatinas Un SNF2/SWI Un helicasa Dos dominios BRK Presente en 10/17 pacientes 31 Lalani SR, Safiullah AM, Fernbach SD et al: Spectrum of CHD7 Mutations in 110 Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 303– 314. 32 Aramaki M, Udaka T, Kosaki R et al: Phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutations. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 410– 414.
  • 9. 1 Lubinsky MS: Properties of associations: identity, nature, and clinical criteria, with a commentary on why CHARGE and Goldenhar are not associations. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49: 21– 25. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 10. Los dominios de cromo • Reorganizan lisina-metilada de histona del DNA Dominios SNF2/SWI Proteínas que forman DNA • Dependientes ATP asa 36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170. 37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
  • 11. Dominio helicasa • Separación fragmentos DNA en replicación, reparto, transcripción y recombinación Dominio BRK • Desconocida 36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170. 37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
  • 12. CHD7 • Se expresa desde el día 10 de concepción en tejidos que formaran • Vesícula óptica • Epitelio olfatorio • Oído interno • Sistema vascular • Corazón • Complejo preganglionar acústico-facial • Procencéfalo • Romboencéfalo • Primer arco braquial 36 Jongmans M, Sistermans EA, Rikken A et al: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Noonan syndrome: new data and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:165– 170. 37 Arrington CB, Cowley BC, Nightingale DR, Zhou H, Brothman AR, Viskochil DH: Interstitial deletion 8q11.2-q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 326
  • 13. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 14. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 15. SEMA3E SEMA3E 7q21 S703L Mutación de novo Lalani Coloboma Atresia coanas Malformaciones de oído Hipoacusia profunda Tetralogía de Fallot Crecimiento y Desarrollo retardado Relación CHD7 y SEMA3E desconocida 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 16. ANOMALIAS CROMOSOMICAS Trisomía 18 Trisomía 13 CHARGE 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 17. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 18. ANTECEDENTE PRENATALES Diabetes Gestacional Alcoholismo Ácido retinoico Talidomina 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 19. PATOGENIA Día 36 Cóclea Día 37 cierre coloboma Día 38 Dehiscencia membrana bucofaríngea Día 40 colonización tubo cardiaco por células tubo neural Alteración en diferenciación • Mesodermo y ectodermo 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 20. Manif. Clínicas dismorfismo Alteraciones oftalmológicas Alteraciones auditivas Atresia coanas Alteraciones SNC Alteración Romboencéfalo Alteración Hipotálamo Crecimiento retardado Alteraciones genitourinarias Inmadurez inmunológica Trastornos ortopédicos Retraso mental 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
  • 21. MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS Más de 400 casos reportados en la literatura Revisión y estudios grandes 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
  • 22. 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 21 Khadilkar VV, Cameron FJ, Stanhope R: Growth failure and pituitary function in CHARGE and VATER associations. Arch Dis Childhood 1999; 80: 167– 170.
  • 23. DISMORFISMO  Cara cuadrada  Aumento diámetro bifrontal  Puente nasal ancho  Boca pequeña  Parálisis facial  Labio y paladar hendido presente en 15-20% de los casos.  Alteraciones dentales 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 24. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 25. ALTERACIONES OCULARES  Coloboma corioretineal (40%)  Microoftalmia presente en 75-90%  Coloboma  C. uveal  C. palpebral  Hipoplasia del nervio óptico  Enoftalmia  Nistagmus  Anquiloblefaro  Atresia del conducto lacrimal. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 26. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 27. ALTERACIONES AUDITIVAS Y VESTIBULARES  Pabellón auricular en 95-100%  Implantación baja  Antero-versión  Forma de asa  Aplanada  Apéndices preauriculares  Hipoplasia de conducto auditivo  Microtía. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 28. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 29. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 30. OÍDO MEDIO:  Ausencia  musculo del estribo  ventana oval  hipoplasia yunque y estribo  Otosclerosis  Otitis crónica serosa. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 31. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 32. OÍDO INTERNO:  Hipoplasia uncus temporal  Displasia de Mondini no es especifica.  Hipoplasia Utrícular y canales semicirculares  Hipoplasia sáculo y cóclea  Agenesia canales semicirculares  Skull-rayos-X  TAC y IRM 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 33. Las malformaciones de oído interno:  Ausencia de nistagmos a estimulación calórica.  Repuesta vestíbulo-ocular rotatoria ausente.  Hipoacusia en 60-90%  hipoacusia conductiva o mixta, frecuencias elevadas. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 2 Issekutz KA, Graham Jr JM, Prasad C, Smith IM, Blake KD: An epidemiological analysis of CHARGE syndrome: preliminary results from a Canadian study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 309– 317.
  • 34. 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
  • 35. 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
  • 36. 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 17 Satar B, Mukherji SK, Telian SA: Congenital aplasia of semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24: 437– 446.
  • 37. ATRESIA DE COANAS  Presente en 35-65% de los casos.  Atresia coanas óseas y bilateral  Presente en 38/130 casos  Hendidura laríngea  Estenosis subglótica  Traqueomalacia  Parálisis de cuerdas vocales  Reflujo gastroesofágico 18 Leclerc JE, Fearon B: Choanal atresia and associated anomalies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1987; 13: 265– 272 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
  • 38. 18 Leclerc JE, Fearon B: Choanal atresia and associated anomalies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1987; 13: 265– 272 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308.
  • 39. MALFORMACIONES DE SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL  Presentes en 55-85% de los pacientes  Anosmia o hipoplasia del bulbo olfatorio es la alteración más común  18/18 pacientes demostrado por IRM .  Holoprosencefalia  Hipoplasia de lóbulo frontal  Hipoplasia de vermis  Estenosis del acueducto de Sylvius 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 40.  Afección del VIII par  Parálisis facial congénita asimétrica 50-90%  Revisión Byerly’s 150 casos:  VII (43%),  IX y X (31%)  II (2% )  VI (2%) 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 41. 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 42. ALTERACION HIPOTALOMO-HIPOFISIS Y SINDROME DE KALLMANN  Causa de crecimiento retardado  Hipoplasia genital  Pubertad retardada.  La sustitución hormonal es recomendada. 20 Pinto G, Abadie V, Mesnage R et al: CHARGE syndrome includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and abnormal olfactory bulb development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5621– 5626. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 43. CRECIMIENTO RETARDADO  Es poco frecuente  La mayoría de los pacientes tiene peso y talla acorde para la edad  Se relaciona a alteraciones alimenticias y problemas quirúrgicos  La deficiencia de GH es rara 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 44. ALTERACIONES UROGENITALES  50-70% presentan esta alteración  80-90% hombres  15-25% mujeres  Hipoplasia de los genitales externos es más común  80% de los niños presentan micropene, y/o criptorquidia  1/3 parte de las niñas presentan hipoplasia de labios mayores 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 45.  Alteraciones del tracto urinario presente en 10- 40%  Principalmente riñón ectópico  Riñón en herradura  Alteraciones uretrales 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 46. OTRAS MALFORMACIONES VISCERALES  Defectos congénitos cardiacos observados en 50-85% pacientes  Tetralogía de Fallot (1/3 de los casos)  CIV  CIA  Coartación de aorta  PDA presente 75%  Arteria subclavia aberrante  Fistula traqueoesofágica 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 47. INMUNODEFICIENCIA  Poco común y muy variable  Linfopenia células tipo T  Deficiencia de subtipos de inmunoglobulinas tipo G2 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399
  • 48. TRASTORNOS ORTOPÉDICOS  37% presenta alteraciones de extremidades inferiores. (54).  Malformaciones vertebrales:  Vertebras fusionadas  Hemivertebras  Unión cervico-craneal  Numero de costillas  Escoliosis en la pubertad 60% 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 49. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399 22 Jongmans M, Admiraal R, van der DK: CHARGE syndrome: the phenotypic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene. J Med Genet 2005, eprint.
  • 50. RETRASO MENTAL Y ALTERACIONES DEL COMPORTAMIENTO  Sedestación después de 1 año de edad  Primeros pasos 24 o 36 meses  IQ < 70 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
  • 51. CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS EN SÍNDROME DE CHARGE QUE PRESENTA MUTACIÓN DEL GEN CHD7  La presencia de mutación CDH7 se reporta en:  En 69/107 pacientes  En 59/110 pacientes  En 17/24 pacientes 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
  • 52. CRITERIOS DIAGNÓSTICOS  Originalmente se necesitaba cumplir con 4 de los seis criterios  Blake’s propuso nuevos criterios diagnósticos 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 53. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 54. DIAGNÓSTICO PRENATAL  Polihidramnios 57%  atresia de coanas  fistula traqueo- esofágica  Ausencia de canales semicirculares y alteraciones cardiacas detectada por ultrasonido 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399. 29 Raqbi F, Le BC, Morisseau-Durand MP, Dureau P, Lyonnet S, Abadie V: Early prognostic factors for intellectual outcome in CHARGE syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 483– 488.
  • 55.  Verloes propuso nuevo criterios 3C 2005  La combinación de 3C presenta un alto valor predictivo para presencia de mutación CHD7  Ausencia de mutación CHD7 en 1/3 pacientes 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 56. 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 57. 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 58. TRATAMIENTO Estabilización Rehabilitación Terapia Hormonal Traqueostomía Miringotomía Timpanoplastía tubos de ventilación Implante coclear 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 59. ÓRGANO Cardiología Terapia del Lenguaje Otorrinolaringología AudiologíaOftalmología Neurología Gastroenterología 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.
  • 60. CONCLUSIONES  Diagnostico clínico  La puntuación clínica muestra mayor importancia en pacientes con CHD7  CHD7 potente regulador en las diferentes vías del desarrollo embriológico  En un futuro sabremos si el gen SEMA3E está implicado en Sx. CHARGE que explicaría el 40% restante de las mutaciones  Tratamiento multidisciplinario 16 Verloes A: Updated diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome: a proposal. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 306– 308. 1.1 D. Sanlaville. A. Verloes: CHARGE syndrome: an update.Eur J Hum Genet 2007:15:389-399.