The document discusses several topics relating to Arabic grammar including: 1. Modification of nouns and whether their endings change based on their position in a sentence. 2. Exceptions to modification for some nouns. 3. Hypothetical cases of noun structures that are assumed but not explicit. 4. Verb conjugation patterns and exceptions based on certain letter combinations.

1. .
- in nouns
- Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the end of
the noun changes according to the position of the word in the sentence). [ ]
- non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the
end of the) word assumes one eternal/unchangeable form. [ ]
In respect to nouns, all are except the following:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١ / /

2. .
- i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar: -
-
()
( )
-
( )
( )
/ / / / / / / / / /
( )
٢ / /

3. .
( )
٣ / /

4. .
- The in three areas within which are not present/clear, but are therefore assumed/hypothetical. [
]
An where the last letter is an ( ), i.e.
: ]
[. . :
( )
- An where the last letter is a and the letter before it is , i.e.
. ]
[.
( )
Note the condition of the
without the ,( – ):
( )
:
-
-
-
٤ / /

5. .
- An where the of the last letter is the , and the letter before it is .
( )
(
(
( )
(
( )
(
٥ / /

6. .
(
( )
(
( )
(
( )
(
( )
(
( )
( )
( )
٦ / /

7. .
(
( )
( )
( )
(
( )
()
(
(
( )
٧ / /

8. .
(
( )
(
( )
( )
(
(
(
( )
( )
٨ / /

9. .
- Any which follows completely the of what has just preceded it. Of this there are types:
/
/
/
٩ / /

10. .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١٠ / /

11. .
( )
( )
( )
()
( )
()
( )
()
( )
١١ / /

12. .
( )
( )
١٢ / /

13. .
- in verbs.
and are both . is unless it has ( )
and then it becomes i.e. / (from ).
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١٣ / /

14. .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
- For there are ; taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
- i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:
١٤ / /

15. .
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
- The here is not present/clear, but is therefore assumed/hypothetical.
( )
( )
١٥ / /

16. .
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
- following in / formats in substitute of the .
It is being He is writing It was written He wrote
written
( )
In , the is always dropped and the takes it’s place and becomes with necessary harakah changes.
- is despite the transformation of to . This is because is .
If the is a , apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the , to it’s equivalent ,
i.e. <
١٦ / /

17. .
( )
( )
. .
( )
( )
١٧ / /

18. .
( )
( )
( )
:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١٨ / /

19. .
( )
( )
:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١٩ / /

20. .
( )
( )
( ) ( )
- Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed.
) : / /
( ) / (
( / ) (
( / ) ( / ) (
( / ) (
( / ) ( / ) (
( / ) (
( / )
( / )
The plural form is ( )
( / ) (
٢٠ / /

21. .
( )
( )
( )
- describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
- formed by adding to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is related/connected with the original
noun. If a noun has ending, this must be dropped before adding .
If a noun ends in / , this is changed to before ending. –
( ) ( )
{ } { }
( ( ) )
٢١ / /

22. .
()
( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )
- either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second of the pair is always preceded by :
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
( )
٢٢ / /

23. .
( ) ( )
( )
()
( ) ( )
( )
( )
- definition indicating a precise noun –
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
–
- in-definition indicates an indefinite noun -
٢٣ / /

24. .
( )
( )
[ =( + ) ]
/ - both (of), the two -
.
/ - That is. Used for only
/ /
there he is ! here I am ! <
- starts with an - constituted by .
( ) { } >{ }
( ( ) { }
٢٤ / /

25. .
- starts with a - constituted by / .
( / )
( ( ) ) ( )
- derived noun indicating action of verb or it’s behaviour -
– [(he is) writing]
- derived noun indicating element undergoing action of verb -
[written] -
( )
( ) ( )
(
{ } { }
: (
:
( ) (
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) (
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) -
. : (
٢٥ / /

26. .
: . : . – (
(
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
:
/
*
( *)
/
( )
( )
٢٦ / /

27. .
If you have in a , then the st is a and the nd is a . If positions change then the changes:
( )
( )
- if, whether, when, whenever. embodying a condition. Used mostly with , transforming in meaning to the future.
Also used with . It is permissible for the answer to the condition ( ) to be .
must be prefixed by ( ) in the following situations:
{ } (
(
(( )) (defective) (
{ } ( ) (
( ) (
{ } ( ) (
٢٧ / /

28. .
( ) (
{ } ( ) (
{ } ( ) (
The will not be if preceded by . However, the for it will be .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) –( ) ( )
( )
( )
٢٨ / /

29. .
( )
( )
( )
(! ) ( / )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
.( ) –
( )
( )
٢٩ / /

30. .
.
not; - he did not eat; he has not eaten
( )
( )
( )
( )
when, at the time when, as –
( ) ( )
( )
. . ( )
.
( )
( )
( )
٣٠ / /

31. .
. ( )
no! don’t! - don’t eat!
( )
( )
.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
until, till, up to, as far as, to ( )
( )
( )
so that, in order that, that, in order to, to, as, with a view, for
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
٣١ / /

32. .
- calling to one who is mourned or to a cause of pain
- one who is mourned, stricken to death. (...)
- to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, make suffer ( )
- the cause of pain, the place where disease and
suffering are located. – pain, ache, suffering, agony, anguish (...)
( )
( ) ( )
- to show, present, bring out. show him your notebook show me your book
( )
. – . .( ) .( ) ( ).
( . . . ).
( )
( )
٣٢ / /

33. .
- It is permissable to for the following conjugations, so long as it is not followed by sukoon ( ):
()
( )
perhaps, maybe
to hope (for), wish, to look forward to
fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care
( )
( )
< < .
٣٣ / /

34. .
( ) ( ). ( ) ( )
( ) .( ) –( )
.( ) ( ) .( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) / /
{ } . ( ) ( ) –( )
– ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
( )
( )
٣٤ / /

35. .
( ) ( )
( ){ }: ( )
: ( ) ( ) ( ) . :( )
. : .
( )
( )
( )
)
(
( )
( )
( )
٣٥ / /

36. .
. . : ( ) .( )
. .
( )
( )
( )
. : ( ) .( )
: ( )
. ( ) ( ): .
.
:
. .
٣٦ / /

37. .
/ /
/
/ / / /
/
/
/
/
/
/
٣٧ / /