yoga

1. Buddhism and
Jainism
By Sadhana Chaudhary
PhD Scholar in Yoga
Dsvv

2. Introductio
n
Buddhism is a spiritual tradition and
philosophy founded by Siddhartha
Gautama, known as the Buddha, in the 5th
to 4th century BCE in India. It focuses on
personal spiritual development and
attaining enlightenment through
understanding the true nature of reality,
ethical living, and meditation.

3. Core
Teachings of
Buddhism:
The Four Noble Truths
Dukkha: Life contains suffering
Samudaya: Suffering has a cause, mainly
craving and attachment.
Nirodha: There is an end to suffering.
Magga: The path to end suffering is the Noble
Eightfold Path.

4.  The Noble Eightfold Path:
 Divided into three categories:
 Wisdom (Prajna): Right View, Right Intention
 Ethical Conduct (Sila): Right Speech, Right Action,
Right Livelihood
 Mental Discipline (Samadhi): Right Effort, Right
Mindfulness, Right Concentration

5. Three Jewels
(Triratna):
 The Buddha (the Enlightened One)
 The Dharma (his teachings)
 The Sangha (the community of monks and practitioners)
Meditation Practices in Buddhism:
1. Samatha (Calming the Mind): Focuses on
concentration and tranquility.
2. Vipassana (Insight Meditation): Cultivates insight
into the nature of reality.
3. Metta (Loving-Kindness Meditation): Develops
compassion and positive emotions.

6. Ethical
Principles
(Five
Precepts):
 Buddhists strive to avoid:
 1. Killing living beings
 2. Stealing
 3. Sexual misconduct
 4. False speech
 5. Intoxicants that cloud the mind

7. Symbols in
Buddhism:
 Dharma Wheel (Dharmachakra): Represents the
teachings of the Buddha.
 Lotus Flower: Symbolizes purity and
enlightenment
 Bodhi Tree: Represents the site where Buddha
attained enlightenment.

8. seven key
principles:
 Right View (Samma Ditthi)
Understanding the nature of reality, the Four Noble
Truths, and the law of karma. This principle emphasizes
wisdom and seeing things as they truly are.
 Right Intention (Samma Sankappa)
Focusing on intentions free from hatred, greed, and
delusion. It involves thoughts of renunciation, goodwill,
and harmlessness.

9. Seven key
Principles:
 Right Speech (Samma Vaca)Speaking truthfully, kindly, and
thoughtfully. Avoiding lies, slander, harsh speech, and idle gossip.
 Right Action (Samma Kammanta)Living ethically by avoiding
harm to others. This includes refraining from killing, stealing, and
engaging in sexual misconduct
 Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva)Earning a living in a way that
does not harm others or involve unethical practices, such as dealing
in weapons or intoxicants.

10.  Right Effort (Samma Vayama)Making a conscious effort
to cultivate wholesome states of mind and abandon
unwholesome ones.
 Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati)Being fully present
and aware of thoughts, emotions, and actions without
judgment. Mindfulness practices are essential for
insight.
These seven principles are part of the Noble Eightfold
Path, minus the eighth principle, Right Concentration
(Samma Samadhi), which focuses on deep meditative
absorption.