Shock

1. Shock – Types, Causes, and
Pathophysiology
• An overview presentation
• Presented by: [Your Name]

2. Definition of Shock
• Shock is a life-threatening condition where
there is inadequate tissue perfusion.
• - Leads to cellular hypoxia
• - Causes organ dysfunction
• - May result in death if untreated

3. Classification of Shock
• 1. Hypovolemic Shock
• 2. Cardiogenic Shock
• 3. Distributive Shock
• - Septic
• - Anaphylactic
• - Neurogenic
• 4. Obstructive Shock

4. General Pathophysiology
• - ↓ Oxygen delivery or ↑ oxygen demand
• - Anaerobic metabolism begins
• - Lactic acidosis develops
• - Cell dysfunction and death
• - Multi-organ failure

5. Hypovolemic Shock
• Cause: Fluid or blood loss
• Examples:
• - Hemorrhage
• - Burns
• - Dehydration
• Pathophysiology:
• - ↓ Preload → ↓ Stroke volume → ↓ Cardiac
output

6. Cardiogenic Shock
• Cause: Heart pump failure
• Examples:
• - Myocardial infarction
• - Arrhythmias
• Pathophysiology:
• - ↓ Cardiac output despite adequate volume

7. Distributive Shock
• Cause: Severe vasodilation
• Types:
• - Septic: infection-driven
• - Anaphylactic: allergic reaction
• - Neurogenic: spinal injury
• Pathophysiology:
• - Blood volume is normal but maldistributed

8. Obstructive Shock
• Cause: Physical blockage of circulation
• Examples:
• - Pulmonary embolism
• - Cardiac tamponade
• - Tension pneumothorax
• Pathophysiology:
• - Obstruction → ↓ venous return or cardiac
output

9. Stages of Shock
• 1. Initial: Cellular hypoxia begins
• 2. Compensatory: Sympathetic response
(tachycardia, vasoconstriction)
• 3. Progressive: Worsening perfusion and organ
dysfunction
• 4. Irreversible: Multi-organ failure, death

10. Management Principles
• - Identify and treat the underlying cause
• - Restore perfusion (fluids, vasopressors)
• - Monitor vital signs, urine output, lactate
• - Support organ function

11. Thank You
• Questions?