Session 20 - IFRC/Thuan Nguyen - health risk management research
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learning an operational research project of the Vietnam Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies on dengue prevention in Vietnam
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2) HWWS was implemented in Senegal where diarrhea is a leading cause of child mortality. The program used social marketing techniques like mass media, community events, and interpersonal communication to deliver messages to over 1.5 million people.
3) Implementation and monitoring included field surveys, media monitoring, and impact evaluations. Adjustments were made based on learningMaking 'what works' work: Changing behaviour in sanitation and hygiene (HWWS)
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This document discusses CARE's Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) Toolkit and standards. It outlines CARE's project cycle and standards for both the process and outputs of each stage. It notes some challenges in applying the toolkit as a global organization, including balancing quality vs compliance and ensuring donor understanding. It suggests working towards a second version of the toolkit, expanding the project portfolio, developing e-learning tools, and increasing capacity building within CARE to address these challenges.Session 10_Gretel Gambarelli
Session 10_Gretel GambarelliInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document summarizes a vulnerability assessment process used in East Africa and Central America to identify climate change adaptation options. The process involves community consultations using tools like CVCA and CRiSTAL to gather information on climate hazards, livelihoods, and adaptation strategies. The data is analyzed using CRiSTAL to identify a series of adaptation activities to improve communities' resilience. Key lessons included choosing the right tools, allowing time for analysis and feedback, and involving local stakeholders in data collection and prioritization of adaptation options. Challenges included distinguishing climate impacts from other trends and ensuring facilitators are well-trained to apply the tools successfully.Session 10 fiona percy
Session 10 fiona percyInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
The Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa (ALP) aims to help vulnerable communities in Sub-Saharan Africa adapt to climate change impacts through community-based adaptation approaches. The program is implemented in four countries over five years using CARE's community-based adaptation toolkit and methods. It seeks to empower vulnerable groups like women, strengthen community resilience, and influence climate adaptation policies by linking local evidence from projects to national and international strategies.Session 10_Intro Slides
Session 10_Intro SlidesInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document summarizes a parallel session at a climate change adaptation conference discussing tools and toolkits to support adaptation efforts. The session will include 5 presentations on different adaptation tools and toolkits, followed by a 30 minute discussion focused on 3 questions: 1) What constraints limit widespread use of existing adaptation tools and how can they be overcome? 2) How can experiences using different tools be better captured to improve tools over time? 3) How can quality and scale be balanced when developing and applying adaptation tools?Session 17_Maiga Mahamadoufarka
Session 17_Maiga MahamadoufarkaInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
The project aims to restore degraded lands in Mali through sustainable palm grove management. Local communities were empowered to organize themselves and regenerate doum palm trees, which provide economic and ecological benefits. Through consultation and demonstration projects, sustainable land use techniques were promoted. A local management agreement for the palm groves was adopted based on social and cultural norms. The restoration efforts helped increase resilience, fix sand dunes, and support livelihoods, while strengthening social cohesion in the community.Session 13_Karina Copen
Session 13_Karina CopenInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document summarizes a disaster risk reduction and community-based adaptation project in El Salvador. It discusses the context of El Salvador including a history of political repression and violence. It then describes the methodology of the project which included (1) forming a consortium and unifying methodologies, (2) community organizing and capacity building and linking networks, and (3) advocacy and relationship building with local authorities. The conclusion is that combining community organizing, vulnerability analysis, and network building can help build adaptive capacity and more resilient communities through trust and collaboration between communities and authorities.Session 17_Jimmy Kereseka
Session 17_Jimmy KeresekaInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document discusses ecosystem-based climate change adaptation efforts across the Lauru Islands in Choiseul Province, Solomon Islands. It outlines issues facing the region like logging, mining, and climate impacts. It then describes the work of the Lauru Land Conference of Tribal Community NGO to promote traditional governance, establish marine protected areas as part of a ridges-to-reefs conservation plan, and conduct a community adaptation planning pilot project in Boe Boe village. The summary concludes by noting next steps to integrate ecosystem and adaptation planning at various levels and establish more protected areas by 2012.Session 17_Nella Canales Trujillo
Session 17_Nella Canales TrujilloInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
The project aims to maintain the resilience of forest ecosystems and biodiversity in San Ignacio Province, Peru to climate change through on-the-ground activities and policy strengthening. The approach considers both landscape-level natural processes and community-level strategies to assess vulnerability, livelihood impacts, and the underlying causes through a gendered analysis incorporating traditional knowledge. The goal is to find complementarity between ecosystem-centered and people-centered adaptation approaches by recognizing people's dependence on ecosystem services for their livelihoods.Session 14_Bettina Koelle and Shannon Parring
Session 14_Bettina Koelle and Shannon ParringInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document discusses the need for a robust methodology for community-based adaptation (CBA) projects. It notes that while there are many resources available, a concise yet flexible guideline is needed. Such a guideline should draw from lessons learned from past CBA projects, suggest innovative ideas, and help practitioners design projects that can adapt to changing conditions and uncertainties. The methodology should involve inclusive community participation, continuous reflection and learning, and experimentation to help communities pursue more resilient livelihoods in the face of climate and other stresses.Session 14_Susan Nanduddu
Session 14_Susan NandudduInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
Drought, floods, poverty, and population growth are major challenges facing Uganda that vulnerability adaptation must address. Collaboration between stakeholders is important to enhance learning, take advantage of different influences, and address challenges like building trust over time, institutional barriers, community needs, and financial limitations. Bringing researchers directly to communities provides long-term opportunities, increased accountability, and generates more adaptive ideas through combining multiple institution perspectives.Session 14_Charles Chikapa
Session 14_Charles ChikapaInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
Community radio can be an effective tool for improving food security and climate adaptation among subsistence farmers in Malawi. The African Farm Radio Research Initiative partnered with Dzimwe Community Radio to conduct participatory radio campaigns promoting improved farming practices like hybrid maize varieties. Monitoring found the campaigns significantly increased adoption rates of the new technologies and helped farmers improve food security and health. Lessons from this success suggest community radio is well-suited to disseminating climate adaptation strategies to rural smallholder farmers in Malawi and beyond.Session 14_Mokhlesur Rahman and Bob Pokrant
Session 14_Mokhlesur Rahman and Bob PokrantInternational Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations
This document summarizes preliminary observations from a study on how coastal communities in Bangladesh perceive climate and non-climate stressors. The study was conducted in two villages - one on the mainland and one island-like setting more exposed to hazards. Villagers reported increased cyclones, drought, erratic rainfall, and salinity affecting livelihoods like fishing and rice farming. However, they did not clearly connect these issues to climate change and also mentioned non-climate stressors like development impacts. While some problems can be solved locally, the researchers noted that other issues require broader ecosystem-based approaches and coordination on trans-boundary water management given upstream uncertainties.More from International Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations (20)
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Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
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O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
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Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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www.agostodourado.com
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
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13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Session 20 - IFRC/Thuan Nguyen - health risk management research
- 1. Health Risk Management in a Changing Climate: An operational research project on community-based dengue fever prevention in Vietnam Thuan Nguyen 5th International Conference Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change March 2011 I Dhaka
- 2. Climate change, together with other drivers might alter the pattern of dengue fever. But we do not know how Ø How do we communicate messages of changing risks, CC- dengue fever to communities? Ø How do we strengthen Vietnam Red Cross – Ministry of Health partnership in climate sensitive diseases?
- 3. Dengue fever risk factors
- 4. Health risk management in changing climate project Objective: Toreduce the impacts of climate change in health issues in selected communities Timeframe: 2010-2011 Same project also implemented in Jakarta, Indonesia Donor: RockefellerFoundation through Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre Grant also supporting CC and health work with Kenya and Tanzania Red Cross
- 5. Community survey Aims: - Identify baseline knowledge, attitudes and practices with regards to dengue - Identify baseline perceptions of climate change and the links to health Method: - In depth interviews and focus groups - Quantitative survey: 400
- 6. Will CC affects DF? If yes/maybe, how?
- 7. How will climate change affect your family?
- 8. Next steps Ø Design and test behaviour change communication materials When communicating on dengue fever - does the addition of CC messages: - Make people confused and less able to retain dengue fever messages? OR - Reinforce the importance of dengue fever prevention?
- 9. What do communities do in the project? Pre and post community surveys Test BCC materials COMMUNITY Local campaigns Control vector breeding Sharing local knowledge in CC
- 10. Strengthening VNRC-MOH collaboration § Map current collaboration mechanism § Ensure sharing of information and operational planning mechanism works to address changing risks due to climate change
- 11. National structure for Dengue Fever National: policy making, providing guidelines Provincial/district: implementation of control, treatment Community level: prevention, outbreak control
- 12. RC supporting national structure for DF/infectious diseases prevention Ministry of Health VNRC Headquarter Steering Committee Provincial/district Steering Provincial/District Department of Health Committee VNRC Chapter Communal Steering Red Cross staffs, Health Station Committee volunteers
- 13. 03 take-home messages § The need for communication of changing risks to community § CBO can ensure that early detection quickly translated into early response § Strengthening existing mechanism VNRC-MOH to complement both top- down and bottom-up model.
- 14. www.redcross.org.vn www.ifrc.org www.climatecentre.org Thank you!
- 15. Health Education Communities People’s committee WHO, other UN agencies Media Research agencies NGOs