Malaysia has experienced some economic transformation but has yet to fully shift into complex, high-value industries according to its Economic Complexity Index and product space analysis. While it has winnowed in simple, low-value goods like garments, its expansion into more sophisticated categories like chemicals has been minimal. To advance further, the document recommends localizing growth by promoting regional strengths, shortening distances between industries, removing divisions, and focusing on enhancing firm productivity and cluster-wide development to strengthen entire value chains within dense areas of the product space. This would help firm Malaysia's shift toward more complex economic activities and sustainable growth.
Economic structure & pattern of malaysia has been discussed in this assignment. Political parties, development procedure, etc. are discussed here in a decent way.
Supply chain management in indian automotive industry complexities, challeng...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily
since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has
galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced
competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to
operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply
chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a
contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would
ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities
and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation,
collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness.
Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY : COMPLEXITIES, CHALLEN...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation, collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness. Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
1. List and explain the factors influencing the Network design Decisions.
2. List and explain the characteristics of forecasts.
3. Explain Network Operations Optimization Profit Maximization Model.
4. Explain Network Operations Optimization Cost Minimization Model.
5. Uncertainty of demand and price drives the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant. Explain.
6. Explain how Network Design decisions are evaluated using decision tress.
7. What is the role of network design in supply chain? Explain it. (Refer module 3 notes)
8. With a neat diagram, explain ABC analysis in inventory management
9. “The decision to price a product at a particular value is a marketing decision” Comment on it.
10. How to take network design decisions using decision tress? Explain
11. The role of network design in the supply chain is very important!!! Comment.
Emerging Markets Decoded: the Four Domains of Development for GrowthAndrey Shapenko
The report highlights the complexity of the phenomenon of the emerging markets and analyses separately three groups of them: advanced, intermediary and early stage. Further economic growth is imperative for all three groups, as the solid basis for the social development. The report outlines four areas of development for growth: infrastructure, digital technology, sustainability and human capital. These areas represent huge business potential for both international and local players with the total volume of opportunity being close to USD 10 trillion by 2020.
Discourse on the development, management and coordination of a combination of complex global and local factors work together to ensure a fast growing yet sustainable high technology sector, while moving the Malaysian industry up the outsourcing value chain.
Market makers, industry players and outsourcing professionals will obtain useful insights into long-term strategic technology and economic planning as well as tactical measures used for growth, competitiveness and innovation.
Key stakeholders can take advantage of this knowledge and create a win-win situation
this is a research paper describing the cosmetic and detergent industry in Uganda and its chain value. it entails how the beauty and cleaning sector have evolved in the country through SWOT analysis.
The presentation is divided into three parts. The first part of the presentation introduces the concept of Global Value Chains, standard value chain stages, and types of participation in GVCs. The second part deals with changes and development in international trade owing to GVCs in general and productivity growth and changes in employment patterns in particular. The third part of the presentation deals with different policy measures in terms of initiatives and schemes introduced by the Government of India to broaden participation in GVCs.
Leading the Change in Emerging Markets: Corporate Real Estate trends in Techn...JLL
Innovation and growth are strategic imperatives for technology companies. In order to respond to a quickly changing environment, win the market share race and seize the advantage of disruptive innovation, technology companies have to be dynamic, fluid and bold. This involves a high degree of risk, which many are willing to take in anticipation of future rewards.
Jones Lang LaSalle’s Global Corporate Real Estate (CRE) Trends 2013 confirmed that companies around the world plan to increase their real estate portfolios in emerging markets. Zooming into the technology sector, respondents reveal that technology companies are among the most aggressive in pursuing growth opportunities and expanding their footprint in emerging markets. This pursuit, however, exposes them to a diverse set of risks associated with new markets and pressures to support this growth with flexible and efficient portfolios.
To learn more visit: http://www.gcre.joneslanglasallesites.com/en/industries/technology
Economic structure & pattern of malaysia has been discussed in this assignment. Political parties, development procedure, etc. are discussed here in a decent way.
Supply chain management in indian automotive industry complexities, challeng...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily
since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has
galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced
competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to
operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply
chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a
contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would
ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities
and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation,
collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness.
Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY : COMPLEXITIES, CHALLEN...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation, collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness. Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
1. List and explain the factors influencing the Network design Decisions.
2. List and explain the characteristics of forecasts.
3. Explain Network Operations Optimization Profit Maximization Model.
4. Explain Network Operations Optimization Cost Minimization Model.
5. Uncertainty of demand and price drives the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant. Explain.
6. Explain how Network Design decisions are evaluated using decision tress.
7. What is the role of network design in supply chain? Explain it. (Refer module 3 notes)
8. With a neat diagram, explain ABC analysis in inventory management
9. “The decision to price a product at a particular value is a marketing decision” Comment on it.
10. How to take network design decisions using decision tress? Explain
11. The role of network design in the supply chain is very important!!! Comment.
Emerging Markets Decoded: the Four Domains of Development for GrowthAndrey Shapenko
The report highlights the complexity of the phenomenon of the emerging markets and analyses separately three groups of them: advanced, intermediary and early stage. Further economic growth is imperative for all three groups, as the solid basis for the social development. The report outlines four areas of development for growth: infrastructure, digital technology, sustainability and human capital. These areas represent huge business potential for both international and local players with the total volume of opportunity being close to USD 10 trillion by 2020.
Discourse on the development, management and coordination of a combination of complex global and local factors work together to ensure a fast growing yet sustainable high technology sector, while moving the Malaysian industry up the outsourcing value chain.
Market makers, industry players and outsourcing professionals will obtain useful insights into long-term strategic technology and economic planning as well as tactical measures used for growth, competitiveness and innovation.
Key stakeholders can take advantage of this knowledge and create a win-win situation
this is a research paper describing the cosmetic and detergent industry in Uganda and its chain value. it entails how the beauty and cleaning sector have evolved in the country through SWOT analysis.
The presentation is divided into three parts. The first part of the presentation introduces the concept of Global Value Chains, standard value chain stages, and types of participation in GVCs. The second part deals with changes and development in international trade owing to GVCs in general and productivity growth and changes in employment patterns in particular. The third part of the presentation deals with different policy measures in terms of initiatives and schemes introduced by the Government of India to broaden participation in GVCs.
Leading the Change in Emerging Markets: Corporate Real Estate trends in Techn...JLL
Innovation and growth are strategic imperatives for technology companies. In order to respond to a quickly changing environment, win the market share race and seize the advantage of disruptive innovation, technology companies have to be dynamic, fluid and bold. This involves a high degree of risk, which many are willing to take in anticipation of future rewards.
Jones Lang LaSalle’s Global Corporate Real Estate (CRE) Trends 2013 confirmed that companies around the world plan to increase their real estate portfolios in emerging markets. Zooming into the technology sector, respondents reveal that technology companies are among the most aggressive in pursuing growth opportunities and expanding their footprint in emerging markets. This pursuit, however, exposes them to a diverse set of risks associated with new markets and pressures to support this growth with flexible and efficient portfolios.
To learn more visit: http://www.gcre.joneslanglasallesites.com/en/industries/technology
KRI Webinar - Rich Places, Poor Places: Managing the realities of neighbourhoodsKhazanahResearchInstitute
What are the necessary conditions for ‘diverse and thriving’ neighbourhoods? What is the opposite of ‘diverse and thriving’ neighbourhoods? Are thriving neighbourhoods more expensive to live in? Are our capacities to grow into middle-income earners limited by the neighbourhoods we reside in?
In this webinar, we will explore how prosperous neighbourhoods are distinguished by their levels of place differentiation – a reflection of the diverse freedoms and opportunities they offer to residents. The discourse will also include housing as the pivotal anchor that shapes the lives of households.
On 27 July 2023, KRI hosted a webinar outlining findings from the recently published report, ‘Decent Shelter for the Urban Poor: A Study of Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR)’. The webinar explored the importance of housing standards in building and preserving good quality home environments, practical implementations, international perspectives and the implications for existing homes.
Too often, policy research on the paddy and rice industry in Malaysia focuses on the cheaper, medium-grained plain rice primarily produced in Peninsular Malaysia. Heirloom/specialty paddy cultivation in Sabah and Sarawak has received less attention. However, it holds the potential to spur the competitiveness of Malaysia’s paddy and rice industry.
Several barriers remain before we can witness the rise of the next ‘Musang King’ of the country.
This report seeks to shed light on the significance of the paddy and rice industry in Sabah and Sarawak and to provide policy recommendations where appropriate.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdf
Session 1- Economic Futures_Tan Sri Azlan
1. Malaysia Economic Futures
Advancing Complexity
Noor Azlan Ghazali
MINDA - UKM
LSE SEAC – Khazanah Research Institute (KRI)
Malaysia Futures Forum 2023
31 May, 2023
1
2. ECI summarizes how “complex” a country’s export basket is
i.e. how much “productive knowledge” it holds
Source: Hausmann, Hidalgo et al. (2012)
The Economic
Complexity Index (ECI)
reflects:
• The level of diversification
of a country’s export
basket
• The ubiquity of its
products
• And the characteristics of
the export baskets of
other countries in the
world that export similar
products
Diversity of capabilities affects a country’s wealth and growth rate
2
Source: The Atlas of Economic Complexity, Growth Lab, Center for International Development (CID), Harvard Kennedy School.
3. Source: Hausmann, Hidalgo et al. (2012)
Palm Oil
Tropical
Agriculture
Integrated Circuits
Electronics
Lubricating Products
Chemicals
Lifting Machinery
Machinery
Different products have different levels of connectedness and therefore have
different opportunities to move within the product space
3
5. Product
exported with
RCA >1
Product not
exported with
RCA >1
Node size is
proportional
to world trade
2020 (Export:$596 bil)
1995 (Exports:$150 bil) South Korea | Product Space
South Korea experienced a massive expansion in sophisticated categories and a
winnowing in low sophistication categories
Winnowing in sparse-low sophistication-
low value products (e.g. garments)
E&E remains Korea’s
major segment
A classic case of a successful industry transformation. Growth is sustainable with Korea now shifted into the ‘dense’ and ‘high
value’ space depicting a complex economy.
Massive expansion into dense-sophisticated,
high-value products (e.g. chemicals, automotive, machinery)
5
6. Product
exported with
RCA >1
Product not
exported with
RCA >1
Node size is
proportional
to world trade
Minimal expansion in dense-high sophistication-
high value products (e.g. chemical)
Similar to Korea, Malaysia winnowing in sparse-low
sophistication, low value products (e.g. garments)
2020 (Exports: $207 bil)
1995 (Exports: $80 bil) Malaysia | Product Space
E&E remains Malaysia’s
major segment
Malaysia experienced a slight expansion in high sophistication and a winnowing in
low sophistication categories but yet to firmly shift to complex-high-value segment
6
7. Localisation of growth process - promoting regional/locational strengths via effective
engagement and attention to creating Density; shortening Distance; removing Division
(3D for growth).
Focusing on micro-elements of competitiveness that reflects real activities, i.e.
complexity and sophistication of activities, enhancing firms’ productivity and operational
strategy.
Firming cluster strength by focusing on cluster-wide development, readiness of effective
ecosystem (strengthening the entire value chain) and creation of growth within dense
product space.
1
2
3
Re-setting for Malaysia Futures: Key Paradigms for Advancing Complexity
7
