Serial murderersandcriminologicaltheories
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The document discusses three serial murderers - Carroll Edward Cole, Jeffery Lionel Dahmer, and Charles Manson - and analyzes their life experiences and crimes through various criminological theories. Cole engaged in animal cruelty as a child and his crimes are explained by social learning theory. Dahmer also had a history of animal cruelty and labeling theory is used to understand his acts. Manson's childhood experiences of abandonment and institutionalization led him to murder according to general strain and social control theories. The document provides references analyzing the application of these theories to understand the motivations behind their serial killings.
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History of Criminology
The brief history of criminology progressed through several perspectives on the causes of crime. The Demonic perspective during the Middle Ages viewed crime as the result of demonic possession or temptation. The Classical school that emerged in the late 1700s focused on free will and deterrence through punishment. The Positivist school in the mid-1800s took a scientific approach and viewed criminals as biologically or mentally different. Sociological criminology from the mid-1800s onward examined social factors like family, peers, and environment that influence criminal behavior.
Contents lists available atScienceDirectAggression and Vio.docx
This study analyzes 9 qualitative studies on how women label unwanted sexual experiences. It identifies 7 categories of factors that influence labeling: 1) Self-blame, 2) Normalization of violence, 3) Rejection of the term "sexual violence", 4) Understanding events based on rape scripts, 5) Ambivalence around labeling, 6) Labeling due to violence/impacts, 7) Labeling facilitated by social support/education. Results show labeling is complex, with women minimizing events, justifying perpetrators or avoiding labels due to rape myths and scripts. Seeking support or information can help with identification of sexual violence.
Contents lists available atScienceDirectAggression and Vio.docx
Contents lists available at
ScienceDirec
t
Aggression and Violent Behavior
journal homepage:
www.elsevier.com/locate/aggviobe
h
Aggression and Violent Behavior 52 (2020) 10139
5
A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on girls' and women's labeling of sexual violence
T
Catherine Rousseaua,⁎, Manon Bergerona, Sandrine Riccib
a Sexology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada b Sociology Department, Université de Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
Sexual violence
Labeling
Victims
Metasynthesis
Qualitative
Many women do not label their unwanted sexual experiences as rape or sexual violence, but rather use various labels that suggest a different understanding of the events. This metasynthesis provides new insights and empirical evidence of how girls and women discuss their unwanted sexual experiences, and identifies factors that impede or promote such labeling. Qualitative data of 9 studies were synthetized using Noblit and Hare's (1988) framework. Results show that victims can frame sexual violence within rape scripts that may lead to minimization, normalization, self-blame or rationalization of the event. Some participants hold an ambivalent discourse, which suggests that labeling is a fluctuating process. Finally, seeking social support, or receiving educational information seem to facilitate the labeling of sexual violence. The implications for intervention and sexual violence prevention programs are discussed.
C. Rousseau, et al. Aggression and Violent Behavior 52 (2020) 101395
C. Rousseau, et al. Aggression and Violent Behavior 52 (2020) 101395
2
5Introduction
Sexual violence is a social problem, mainly affecting girls and women, that can lead to significant psychosocial consequences (Rhew, Stappenbeck, Bedard-Gilligan, Hughes, & Kaysen, 2017). In the United States, more than one-quarter of women experienced unwanted sexual contact in their lifetime, while one-third experienced some form of noncontact unwanted sexual experience in their lifetime (Basile, Smith, Breiding, Black, & Mahendra, 2014). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines sexual violence as “a sexual act that is committed or attempted by another person without freely given consent of the victim or against someone who is unable to consent or refuse” (Basile et al., 2014, p. 11). Sexual violence includes rape, attempted rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment, sexual coercion without physical force and unwanted sexual contact (Basile et al., 2014). This term is inclusive of the various forms of sexual victimization that are not necessarily criminalized, especially since legal frameworks vary from one country to another. This definition allows for the conception of sexual violence on a continuum, as many feminist researchers have suggested, since the pioneering work of Kelly (1987) and Hanmer
(1977).
While research confirms the high prevalence of sexual violence, few events .
Tumblr r amruth_conference_pres2
Ravi Amruth's presentation at the inaugural [2013] Teesside University Undergraduate Research Conference, in which he presented his original piece of research into deliberate self-harm.
MPA Bystander Poster Final
This study examined bystander intervention and risk recognition in sexual assault situations. Participants read a hypothetical acquaintance rape scenario and reported their comfort levels and potential actions after each scene. The researchers hypothesized that discomfort would increase over time, those uncomfortable early would be more likely to leave, and responses would change. Results partially supported the hypotheses, showing increased discomfort and relationship between early discomfort and leaving. This validated using scenarios to assess bystander behavior with the goal of improving sexual assault prevention education.
Inmate subcultures-higgs
Inmate subcultures develop unique systems of values, social hierarchies, languages, and economies. Three main theories explain their origins: (1) the deprivation model cites the loss of autonomy in prison as driving the formation of oppositional subcultures, (2) the importation model argues criminal street codes are imported into prison, and (3) the situational model sees subcultures as adapting to each prison environment. While men establish dominance hierarchies, women form supportive "fictive families." Gender differences in inmate codes show the need for more research on women's experiences in prison.
Inmate subcultures-higgs
Inmate subcultures develop unique systems of values, social hierarchies, languages, and economies as adaptations to prison life. Three main theories explain their origins: (1) the deprivation model cites the loss of autonomy in prison as driving the formation of oppositional subcultures, (2) the importation model argues criminal values from the outside are imported into prisons, and (3) the situational model sees subcultures as adjusting to each prison environment. While similarities exist across prisons, future research should explore gender differences more, given the overwhelmingly male nature of prisons.
Term Paper
This document discusses research into the relationship between personality disorders, childhood trauma, and serial killers. It finds that serial killers are more likely to have experienced physical, sexual, or psychological abuse as children compared to the general population. Childhood abuse can contribute to insecure attachment and dysfunctional interactions with others as well as the development of personality disorders like antisocial personality disorder. The combination of a personality disorder developed from childhood trauma may help explain the actions of some brutal serial killers.
Understanding Hate Crimes And Recognizing Victims
Here are the key aspects of social constructionism as it relates to understanding terrorism:
- Social constructionism examines how humans jointly construct understandings of concepts and realities through social interactions and perceptions. There is no single objective reality.
- Definitions of terrorism are socially constructed - there is no universally agreed upon definition. What constitutes a terrorist act depends on social and political perspectives and contexts.
- Different societies, cultures, and political groups may construct the definition and understanding of terrorism in different and sometimes opposing ways based on their own perspectives and experiences.
- The social construction of terrorism influences politics, law, and conflict. How terrorism is defined and understood shapes counterterrorism policies and designations of terrorist groups. It influences the "
Souder Trust in Science SLA 2011
Lawrence Souder from Drexel University presented on June 14, 2011 at a panel on "International Year of Chemistry: Perils and Promises of Modern Communication in the Sciences" at the Special Libraries Association meeting. His talk covered Trust in Science and Science by Blogging, using as an example the NASA press release on arsenic in bacteria and subsequent controversy taking place in the blogosphere
12. Victimology – THIS IS MY TOPIC1. CollectiveVictimization.docx
12. Victimology – THIS IS MY TOPIC
1. CollectiveVictimization
a. Societal Patterns of Victimization
b. The Victim-Offender Relationship
c. Intimate-PartnerViolence (IPV)
d. Perceived Race/Gender/Age of Offenders
e. The Offender/Victimization Myth
2. Victimization Theories
a. Lifestyle Theory
b. Routine Activities Theory
c. Deviant Lifestyles
d. Physical Proximity and Victimization
e. Individual Traits
f. RepeatVictimilation
3. Explaining Demographic Variation of Victimization
a. Gender
b. Race
c. Ethnicity
d. Age
4. Costs and Consequences of Victimization
a. PsychologicalConsequences
b. Interactional Consequences
c. Victims in the Criminal Justice System
d. Victims and Criminal Case Outcomes
I NEED THESE SOURCES OUTLINED
Victimology
1. Cohen, Lawrence E., and Marcus Felson. 1979. Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity
approach. American Sociological Review 44.4: 588-608.
2. Cohen, Lawrence E., James R. Kluegel, and Kenneth C. Land. 1981. Social inequality and predatory
criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Revievv 46:505-
524.
3. Farrell, Graham, and Ken Pease, eds. 2001 . Repeat victimizatiorz. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
4. Finkelhor, David. 1995. The victimization of children: A developmental perspective . American Journal of
Or thop sy chiatry 65 :17 7 -l 93 .
5. Hindelang, Michael J., Michael R. Gottfredson, and James Garofalo. 1978. Victims of personal crime: An
empiricalfoundationfor a theory of personal victimization. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
6. Lauritsen, Janet L., and Karen Heimer. 2008. The gender gap in violent victimization,19T3-2004. Journal
of Quantitative Criminolo gy 24 :125-147 .
7. Lynch, James P. 1987. Routine activity and victimization at work. Journal of Quantitative Criminology
3:283-300.
8. Miethe, Terance D., and David McDowall. 1993. Contextual effects in models of criminal victimization.
Social Forces 7 I :7 411 59.
9. Meier, Roberl F., and Terance D. Miethe. 1993. Understanding theories of criminal victimization. In
Crime and justice: A review of research, Vol. 17. Edited by Micehal Tonry, 459499 Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
10. Sampson, Robert J., and Janet L. Lauritsen. 1994. Violent victimization and offending: Individual-,
situational-, and community-level risk factors. ln (Understanding and preventing violence. Vol. 3, Social
influences on violence. Edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr. and Jeffrey A. Roth, 1-114. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press.
11. Wilcox, Pamela, Kenneth C. Land, and Scott A. Hunt. 2003. Criminal circumstance: A dynamic multi-
contextual criminal opportunity theory. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
12. US Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Criminal victimization:
http ://www.bj s. gov/index. cfm?t5pbse&sid:5 8
Raphael: SOC 20i Criminology
2. Constitutive Criminology/Deconstruction/Postmodemism/Semiotics
3. Marxism and Law
4. Marxist Crimi.
Stanford Law Review Mapping the Margins Intersection.docx
This document summarizes Kimberle Crenshaw's article "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color". It discusses how identity politics in feminism and antiracism have failed to consider intersectional identities like women of color. Specifically, it explores how violence against women of color, such as battering and rape, is often shaped by both racism and sexism. The author argues these experiences are marginalized within dominant resistance discourses and calls for a framework that acknowledges the intersecting race and gender dimensions of violence against women of color.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORVolume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)Perpet.docx
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Volume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)
Perpetrators of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults: How Do They Differ From Other Sexual Assault Perpetrators and Nonperpetrators?Tina Zawacki, l Antonia Abbey, 1 Philip O. Buck, 1 Pamela McAusIan,2 and A. Monique Clinton-SherrodI
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
2University of Michigan—Dearbom, Dearborn, Michigan
Approximotely 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol. Researchers have documented situationul characteristics that distinguish between sexual assaults that do and do not involve alcohol, but little attention has been paid to differences bctwcen the perpetrators of these two types of assault. In this study, discriminant function analysis was used to distinguish between college men (N = 356) who reported perpetrating sexual assault that involved alcohol, sexual assault that did not involve alcohol, or no scxuul assault. Predictors of sexual assault perpetration thut have been documented in pust research differentiated nonperpctrators from both types of perpetrators. Pcrpctrators of scxuol assaults that involved alcohol were in most wuys similar to perpetrutors of sexual assautts that did not, although they did differ on impulsivity, alcohol consumption in sexual situations, and beliers about alcohol. These findings suggest mechanisms through which alcohol is involved in sexual assault thut are relevant to theory and prevention. Aggr. Behav. 29:366—380, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: sexual assault; alcohol; antisocial behavior
The problems of rape and sexual assault have been studied intensely for the past 30 years. Rape is typically defined as vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse that is physically forced or occurs when consent could not be given because of the victim's age or mental impairment, which may be due to intoxication [Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995; Koss, 19921. Sexual assault includes rape as well as other types of physically forced sexual contact and verbally
Tina Zawacki is now at the Department or Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Center. University of Washington.
A. Monique Clinton-Sherrod is no'.,v at RTl international. North Carolina.
Grant support: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to AA.
*Correspondence to: Tina Zawacki. Department of Psychology-ABRC. Box 351525, University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] u.washington.edu or Antonia Abbey, Department or Community Medicine. Wayne State University. 4201 St. Antoine, Delroil. MI 48201.
Published online in Wiley Jnterscience (wuw.intcrscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.100>ab.10076
0 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
coerced sexual intercourse [Koss, 19921. In a watershed study, Koss et al. [19871 surveyed a nationally representative sample of approximately 6,000 college men and women and found thal 25% or the men reported perpetrating some level of sexual assault since the age or 14; 54% of the women reported experiencing some level of sexual assault since the agc of.
2Serial Killer Nature vs. NurtureStudents Name.docx
2
Serial Killer: Nature vs. Nurture
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Date
Introduction
The Nature vs. Nurture debate is a long-standing controversy over whether human behavior is primarily determined by genetics (Nature) or by environmental factors (Nurture). The pro side of the debate between nature and nurture aspects of serial killers would argue that serial killers are born with certain predispositions or traits that lead them to commit their heinous acts. These predispositions could include a lack of empathy, impulsivity, and an inclination to violent behavior. The Con side of the debate argues that serial killers are born with innate qualities and characteristics predisposing them to crime. This includes a lack of empathy, lack of remorse, and a lack of fear of consequences. This debate is especially relevant when considering the behavior of serial killers, as some experts argue that they are born with a predisposition towards violence. In contrast, others argue that environmental factors, such as a traumatic upbringing, can cause someone to develop violent tendencies. Supporters of the Nature side of the debate point to the genetic similarities among serial killers and the fact that some serial killers have a history of mental illness in the family. Additionally, they would point to the fact that some serial killers have a history of mental illness, which could result from genetic factors. Furthermore, proponents of the "nature" side of the debate would argue that even if serial killers are exposed to certain environmental factors, such as a lack of parental guidance or violent media, these factors alone do not explain the behavior of serial killers. The Con side also argues that some serial killers have a genetic predisposition to violence and aggression, which makes them more likely to become serial killers. Furthermore, the Con side believes that a person's environment and upbringing can impact their development and behavior, but it does not create a serial killer. It may, however, amplify existing tendencies or lead to the development of certain antisocial behaviors. The motivation behind a serial killer's actions cannot be explained by genetics or upbringing alone, but a combination of the two may be able to. Beyond a few shared traits, serial killers are unique people shaped by their extraordinary experiences, circumstances, and mindsets.
The Literature Review
This literature review will explore the controversial debate between the nature and nurture aspects of serial killers. It will look at the various theories surrounding the development of serial killers and the arguments for and against each theory. It will also look at the potential implications of these theories for society and law enforcement. Additionally, this review will address how understanding this debate could lead to more effective crime prevention strategies. Ultimately, this review will provide an overview of the various theories and opini.
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Serial murderersandcriminologicaltheories
- 1. SERIAL MURDERERS AND CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
- 2. Carroll Edward Cole • Life Experiences • Animal Cruelty • Human Cruelty • Social Learning Theory
- 3. Jeffery Lionel Dahmer Life Experiences Animal Cruelty Human Cruelty Labeling Theory
- 4. Charles Manson Life Experiences General Strain Theory Social Control Theory Childhood experiences shaped him to become a murderer, and it was a lifestyle induced by abandonment and institutionalization.
- 5. References Atchison, A. J., & Heide, K. M. (2011). Carles Manson and the Family: The Application of Sociological Theories to Multiple Murder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(5), 771-798. doi:10.1177/0306624X10371794 Bernburg, J. G., Krohn, M. D., & Rivera, C. J. (2006). Offical Labeling, Criminal Embeddedness, and Subsequent Delinquency: A Logitudinal Test of Labeling Theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(1), 67-88. doi:10.1177/0022427805280068 Booth, J. A., Farrell, A., & Varano, S. P. (2008). Social Control, Serious Delinquency, and Risky Behavior: A Gendered Analysis. Crime & Delinquency, 54(3), 423-456. doi:10.1177/0011128707306121 Rader, N. E., & Haynes, S. H. (2011). Gendered Fear of Crime Socialization: An Extension of Akers's Social Learning Theory. Feminist Criminology, 6(4), 291-307. doi:10.1177/1557085111408278 Wright, J., & Hensley, C. (2003). From Animal Cruelty to Serial Murder: Applying the Graduation Hypothesis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(1), 71-88. doi:10.1177/0306624X02239276