Analytical chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry that focuses on developing methods to understand the chemical composition of matter. It involves separating, identifying, and determining the components of samples. Analytical chemists play roles in both pure and applied science, developing concepts and applying techniques in fields like biomedical science, environmental monitoring, and forensics. Common analytical techniques taught in the course include various types of chromatography, liquid and solid extraction methods, electrophoresis, precipitation, and distillation. The overall goal is to separate sample components to make identification and quantification easier.

1. STKK2723 – KAEDAH
PEMISAHAN (Separation
Techniques)
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 1
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

2. Review on
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 2
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

3. DEFINITION
Analytical chemistry is a sub discipline
of chemistry use to understand the
chemical composition of all matter
and developing methods (analytical
methods) to elucidate such
compositions.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 3
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

4. Unlike other major sub disciplines of
chemistry such as inorganic chemistry
and organic chemistry, analytical
chemistry is not restricted to any
particular type of chemical compound
or reaction.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 4
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

5. Properties studied in analytical
chemistry include geometric features
such as molecular morphologies and
distributions of species, as well as
features such as composition and
species identity.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 5
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

6. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST
Analytical chemists have played critical roles
in the sciences ranging from the development
of concepts and theories (pure science) to a
variety of practical applications, such as
biomedical applications, environmental
monitoring, quality control of industrial
manufacturing and forensic science (applied
science).
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 6
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

7. Analytical chemistry is particularly
concerned with the questions of :
•What is it? What chemicals are present?
(qualitative)
•Where is it from? How much is it? in what
quantities are they present? (quantitative)
•What is the arrangement, structure or form?
What are their characteristics? (speciation)
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 7
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

8. SCOPE OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
In general, analytical chemistry involves
SEPARATION,
IDENTIFICATION, and
DETERMINATION
of the components making up a sample
of matter.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 8
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

9. Analytical Problems and their
Solution
The solutions of all analytical
problems, both qualitative and
quantitative follow the same
basic pattern which can be
described under seven general
headings.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan,
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

10. Analytical Problems and their Solution
• Choice of method
• Sampling
• Preliminary sample
treatment
• Separations
• Final measurement
• Method validation
• Assessment of the results
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan,
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

11. Separation processes are used to
decrease the complexity of material
mixtures thus make it easier for
identification & determination.
The separated products could differ in
chemical properties or some physical
property. The matrix may be different
from the original sample. However with
the correct standardization and
calibration this can be tolerated.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 11
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

12. COURSE CONTENT (STKK 2723)
•Introduction to analytical chemistry
•Chromatographic techniques
i. Liquid chromatography MPA
ii. Gas chromatography
iii. Supercritical fluid chromatography
•Liquid extraction (LLE)
SS
•Solid phase extraction (SPE)
•Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME)
•Electrophoresis
•Precipitation
RO
•Distillation
•Other extraction techniques
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, 12
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.