SEMINAR1 (1).pptxseminar presentation mechanical

A
Presentation of Seminar on
“RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS”
Submitted
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Department of Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By: Mentor:
Gaurav Khandelwal Mr. Abhishek Kumar
Session 2024-2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre
Shree Ram ki Nangal, Via Vatika, Tonk Road, Jaipur-302022
(21EJCME014)

Introduction:
 Definition:
 Importance: They are crucial for:
o Integrating renewable energy sources (like solar and wind) into the grid.
o Balancing supply and demand, reducing peak load, and improving grid stability.
o Enabling off-grid applications in remote areas.
 Overview:
The presentation will discuss different types of energy storage, recent
advancements, applications, and challenges
Energy storage systems are technologies that store energy for later use.

Objective
 Inform the audience about the various types of energy storage systems and
their applications.
 Discuss the recent advancements and innovations in energy storage
technology.
 Highlight the challenges and future directions for energy storage.
 Emphasize the importance of energy storage in the transition to a sustainable
energy future.

Methodology
 Literature Review:
 Gather relevant research papers, articles, and reports from reputable sources like scientific journals,
industry publications, and government agencies.
 Focus on recent studies that highlight the latest advancements, challenges, and trends in energy storage.
 Identify key themes and emerging technologies to structure the presentation.
 Content Organization:
 Create a clear and logical structure for the presentation, following a coherent flow of ideas.
 Divide the content into sections such as introduction, types of energy storage, recent advancements,
applications, challenges, and future directions.
 Use a consistent framework to ensure a smooth transition between topics.

 TITLE :- Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems: Fundamentals and Applications
 AUTHOR :- Xinjing Zhang, Ziyu Gao, Bingqian Zhou, Huan Guo, Yujie Xu, Yulong Ding, Haisheng Chen
 YEAR :- 2024
 METHODOLOGY :- This study reviews advancements in compressed air energy storage (CAES),
highlighting both conventional and innovative systems that enhance renewable energy integration. It provides
a comprehensive comparison of technical and economic indicators, serving as a guide for future research and
development in the field
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a large-scale, long-duration energy
storage technology that helps balance renewable energy generation with demand. The study reviews
conventional CAES plants and various advanced CAES technologies that eliminate fossil fuel use,
highlighting their potential for integration with renewables, performance metrics, and ongoing research to
improve efficiency and scalability for commercial applications.

 TITLE :- Underground Gravity Energy Storage: A Solution for Long-Term Energy Storage
 AUTHOR :- Julian David Hunt, Behnam Zakeri, Jakub Jurasz, Wenxuan Tong, Paweł B. Dąbek, Roberto
Brandão, Epari Ritesh Patro, Bojan Đurin, Walter Leal Filho, Yoshihide Wada et al
 YEAR :- 2023
 METHODOLOGY :- The evaluation methodology for Underground Gravity Energy Storage (UGES) involves
three main steps:
 1) describing the technology and components, explaining the energy storage process, and presenting relevant
equations;
 2) designing the UGES project, selecting materials, estimating storage and power capacity, and conducting a
case study near Johannesburg; and
 3) analyzing the technology's potential, including cost estimation, energy cycles, global storage potential, and
its feasibility as a carbon storage solution.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- UGES offers a promising solution for long-term energy storage, effectively balancing
seasonal fluctuations in electricity demand and renewable generation. Its cost-effectiveness and significant
global storage potential highlight its viability, warranting further investigation into its performance and
efficiency.

 TITLE :- Lift Energy Storage Technology: A solution for decentralized urban energy storage
 AUTHOR :- JulianDavid Hunt, Andreas Nascimento, Behnam Zakeri, Jakub Jurasz, Paweł B. Dąbek, Paulo
Sergio Franco Barbosa, Roberto Brandão, Nivalde José de Castro, Walter Leal Filho, Keywan Riahi
 YEAR :- 2022
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology for assessing the proposed LEST involves three main steps:
validating the technology and analyzing conventional lift efficiency, developing the LEST by identifying
suitable energy storage niches and components, and estimating costs while evaluating the global potential for
LEST in buildings. This structured approach aims to highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of LEST as an
energy storage solution.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Lift Energy Storage Technology (LEST) offers a cost-effective and efficient solution
for long-term energy storage in high-rise buildings, with significant potential for integrating renewable energy
sources and enhancing grid stability. Its adaptability and lower costs compared to traditional battery systems
position it as a promising alternative for urban energy management.

 TITLE :- Energy storage systems: a review
 AUTHOR :- J. Mitali, S. Dhinakaran, A.A. Mohamad
 YEAR :- 2022
 METHODOLOGY :- The recent advancements in the Electric Vehicle sector and the transition to greener
energy have significantly increased the demand for Energy Storage Systems (ESS), which is expected to triple
by 2030. This article categorizes ESS based on the form of energy stored—thermal, mechanical, chemical,
electrochemical, electrical, and magnetic—and explores their evolution and various applications.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The study emphasizes the critical role of diverse energy storage systems in
addressing the challenges posed by the intermittency of renewable energy sources. By highlighting the
strengths and limitations of various ESSs, the review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and
practitioners aiming to innovate and improve energy storage technologies, ultimately facilitating the transition
to a more sustainable energy future.

 TITLE :- Advances in thermal energy storage systems: methods and applications. Advances in Thermal
Energy Storage Systems
 AUTHOR :- Cabeza, L. F.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology for evaluating sensible heat storage involves analyzing various
materials for their specific heat and density to determine heat storage density. Water is identified as the
optimal heat storage material due to its high storage density, safety, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for
temperatures between 0°C and 100°C.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- To improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of hot water stores, future designs
should focus on minimizing heat losses, maximizing thermal stratification, and incorporating smart control
systems. Additionally, advanced materials and insulation technologies can further enhance the performance
and longevity of these essential components in energy systems

 TITLE :- Flywheel energy storage systems: A critical review on technologies, applications, and future
prospects. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
 AUTHOR :- Choudhury, S.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- This article provides a comprehensive overview of flywheel energy storage systems
(FESS), highlighting their eco-friendliness, high power density, and efficiency. It discusses the theory,
structure, applications, economic aspects, control strategies, and maintenance of FESS, while also suggesting
future directions for enhancing their operation within electrical power systems.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The article underscores the potential of flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) as a
robust solution for enhancing grid stability and integrating renewable energy sources. It serves as a valuable
reference for researchers and practitioners, detailing FESS's advantages, applications, and future trends in
energy storage technology.

 TITLE :- Battery energy-storage system: A review of technologies, optimization objectives, constraints,
approaches, and outstanding issues
 AUTHOR :- Hannan, M. A., Wali, S. B., Ker, P. J., Rahman, M. S. A., Mansor, M., Ramachandaramurthy, V.
K., Dong, Z. Y.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- This review highlights the evolving interest in battery energy storage systems (BESS)
and identifies research gaps, optimization methods, and real-life applications. The selection process yielded
173 relevant papers, summarizing key findings, challenges, and proposals for enhancing BESS toward
achieving clean energy and sustainability goals.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The survey emphasizes the critical need for improved optimization strategies in
battery energy storage systems (BESS) to enhance their efficiency and sustainability. It also outlines future
research directions that focus on integrating BESS with renewable sources and addressing environmental
impacts for more robust energy solutions.

 TITLE :- Integration of energy storage system and renewable energy sources based on artificial intelligence:
An overview
 AUTHOR :- Abdalla, A. N., Nazir, M. S., Tao, H., Cao, S., Ji, R., Jiang, M., & Yao, L.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- This study highlights the critical role of energy storage technologies in enhancing
renewable energy integration and ensuring stable power system operations. It reviews various storage types,
operational states, and the application of artificial intelligence for optimization, while also addressing
challenges and providing insights for future research in integrated energy storage systems.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Energy storage systems (ESSs) are vital for enhancing the stability and efficiency of
renewable energy integration, addressing challenges in grid management. Future research should focus on
optimizing control strategies and system designs to maximize the effectiveness and economic viability of ESS
technologies.

 TITLE :- A review of technologies and applications on versatile energy storage systems.
 AUTHOR :- Zhang, Z., Ding, T., Zhou, Q., Sun, Y., Qu, M., Zeng, Z., Chi, F.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- This study categorizes energy storage system (ESS) technologies, examining their
development, performance characteristics, and applications in power systems. It includes a comprehensive
evaluation of various ESS technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and explores hybrid systems to
meet diverse market demands.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This paper provides a comprehensive review of energy storage systems (ESS),
highlighting their classifications, performance characteristics, and future research directions while
emphasizing the maturity and potential of various technologies. It identifies key challenges and opportunities
for ESS development in the context of global energy transitions and the integration of renewable energy
sources.

 TITLE :- Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System. Energies
 AUTHOR :- Olabi, A. G., Wilberforce, T., Abdelkareem, M. A., & Ramadan, M.
 YEAR :- 2021
 METHODOLOGY :- This review systematically analyzes flywheel energy storage systems (FESS),
exploring their technologies, materials, applications, and operational mechanisms. It compares FESS with
other energy storage solutions, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and potential for integration with
renewable energy sources.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Flywheels, while historically significant, are now at the forefront of technological
innovation across diverse applications, from transportation to energy supply. As renewable energy integration
increases, the efficiency, recyclability, and low carbon footprint of flywheel energy storage systems (FESS)
make them an increasingly attractive option for sustainable energy solutions.

 TITLE :- Review of Energy Storage Technologies’Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid
Integration
 AUTHOR :- Behabtu, H. A., Messagie, M., Coosemans, T., Berecibar, M., Anlay Fante, K., Kebede, A. A., &
Mierlo, J. V.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- This review compiles up-to-date technical data on various energy storage technologies
(ESTs) from peer-reviewed sources, analyzing their characteristics and application potentials for renewable
energy system (RES) grid integration. A graphic comparison approach was utilized to evaluate and categorize
ESTs based on criteria such as energy density, efficiency, and environmental impacts, facilitating informed
selection for specific applications.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This review underscores that no single energy storage technology can meet all
renewable energy system requirements; instead, the optimal choice depends on specific application needs.
Lithium-ion batteries are favored for their high performance in grid-scale applications, while technologies
like flywheel and pumped hydro serve distinct roles based on their strengths.

 TITLE :- A review of energy storage types, applications and recent developments
 AUTHOR :- Koohi-Fayegh, S., & Rosen, M. A.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involved reviewing and analyzing over 300 relevant articles on
energy storage systems to categorize and compare their operating principles, technological factors, and
application potentials. Key criteria for selection included currency, relevance, and the novelty of findings,
ensuring a comprehensive overview of various energy storage technologies.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The review highlights the diverse landscape of energy storage technologies,
emphasizing their suitability for specific applications based on performance metrics like energy density and
cost. Future research directions focus on advancing electrochemical storage, optimizing materials for
flywheels, and enhancing thermal and hydrogen storage systems, while also underscoring the necessity of
policy support to foster growth in energy storage markets, particularly in the context of increasing reliance on
renewable energy sources.

 TITLE :- Role of energy storage systems in energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables
 AUTHOR :- Kalair, A., Abas, N., Saleem, M. S., Kalair, A. R., & Khan, N.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- The study analyzes the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, highlighting
the role of heat and electricity storage systems in addressing the challenges posed by the intermittent nature of
solar and wind resources. It explores innovative solutions, such as solar thermal systems and emerging
technologies like nuclear fusion and artificial photosynthesis, to support a sustainable energy future.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The conclusions highlight the urgent need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable
energy sources due to concerns about depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and rising costs. While renewables
face challenges in meeting base load demands due to their intermittent nature, the development of energy
storage technologies and innovations like nuclear fusion could enable a smooth transition, ultimately
benefiting both the environment and energy supply efficiency.

 TITLE :- A review of mechanical energy storage systems combined with wind and solar applications.
 AUTHOR :- Mahmoud, M., Ramadan, M., Olabi, A.-G., Pullen, K., & Naher, S.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves a comprehensive review of recent advancements in
mechanical energy storage systems, analyzing performance, capacity, and response metrics in relation to their
integration with wind and solar energy. Comparative assessments are made based on system configurations
and application requirements, guiding optimal storage selection for specific energy demands.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This review emphasizes the advancements in mechanical energy storage systems
(MESS) coupled with wind and solar energy to address their intermittency, highlighting the preference for
pumped hydro (PHES), compressed air (CAES), and flywheel energy storage (FESS). It concludes that series
connections enhance stability and control, making MESS essential for transitioning to renewable energy
sources.

 TITLE :- Compressed air energy storage systems: Components and operating parameters – A review
 AUTHOR :- Olabi, A. G., Wilberforce, T., Ramadan, M., Abdelkareem, M. A., & Alami, A. H.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- This investigation analyzes recent advancements in compressed air energy storage
systems (CAES) by evaluating their operational modes, safety concerns, and design considerations, including
the types of expanders and storage caverns. A comparative analysis of various CAES types is conducted to
assess their advantages, disadvantages, and suitability for different applications.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems (CAES) effectively integrate renewable
energy into the grid, with diabatic systems being cost-effective for large-scale use. Ongoing research is
needed to optimize expanders, reduce costs, and enhance performance to ensure CAES competes with other
storage technologies while minimizing emissions.

 TITLE :- Energy Storage Systems Towards 2050
 AUTHOR :- Olabi, A. G., & Abdelkareem, M. A.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- This review synthesizes findings from various research studies presented at the 11th
International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Protection, focusing on the classification
and selection criteria for renewable energy storage systems. It analyzes trends in renewable energy pricing
and capacity, emphasizing the integration of storage solutions to address intermittency and application-
specific requirements across different sectors.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The SEEP2018 conference highlighted the critical role of energy storage systems in
achieving 100% renewable energy by 2050, emphasizing collaborative research to address associated
challenges. The International Advisory Committee aims to significantly impact climate change through
innovative solutions in sustainable energy and storage technologies.

 TITLE :- Assessment of energy storage technologies: A review
 AUTHOR :- Rahman, M. M., Oni, A. O., Gemechu, E., & Kumar, A.
 YEAR :- 2020
 METHODOLOGY :- Incorporating renewable energy into the power grid presents challenges related to
stability and reliability, which can be mitigated by integrating energy storage systems (ESS). This paper
reviews the techno-economic and environmental assessments of various storage technologies, emphasizing
the need for an updated database on costs and emissions to guide decision-making. It highlights the
importance of addressing issues like the levelized cost of energy and environmental impacts to optimize ESS
integration into the grid.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Energy storage systems (ESSs) are crucial for managing electrical load uncertainties,
with pumped hydro storage leading in longevity while lithium-ion batteries are rapidly expanding due to cost
and flexibility. This review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive database and uncertainty analyses to
inform future assessments of ESS technologies.

 TITLE :- Classification and assessment of energy storage systems
 AUTHOR :- Guney, M. S., & Tepe, Y.
 YEAR :- 2017
 METHODOLOGY :- The increasing reliance on renewable energy sources introduces challenges for power
grids due to their intermittent nature and fluctuating demand. This study provides a detailed classification and
analysis of energy storage systems (ESSs), highlighting their features, benefits, environmental impacts, and
potential applications, emphasizing their vital role in future smart grids.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The conclusion emphasizes that energy storage systems (ESSs) are crucial for
enabling smart grids and facilitating the integration of renewable energy by mitigating fluctuations in power
production. ESSs enhance grid reliability, support peak load compensation, and improve overall performance
while addressing sustainability challenges, but careful consideration of parameters such as cost, energy
density, and application type is essential for effective implementation.

 TITLE :- The survey of key technologies in hydrogen energy storage.
 AUTHOR :- Zhang, F., Zhao, P., Niu, M., & Maddy, J.
 YEAR :- 2016
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves a comprehensive review of hydrogen energy storage
technologies, including production from fossil fuels and renewables, various storage methods (compressed
gas, cryogenic, and chemical), and applications in fuel cells and power-to-gas systems. The survey
synthesizes current research and state-of-the-art developments in the field.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The report highlights the potential of hydrogen as a flexible energy storage solution,
emphasizing its production from various sources and innovative storage methods. Despite its promise for
enhancing the renewable energy landscape and facilitating a hydrogen economy, significant challenges
remain that require collaborative efforts in research and industry to address.

 TITLE :- Challenges and progresses of energy storage technology and its application in power systems
 AUTHOR :- Yao, L., Yang, B., Cui, H., Zhuang, J., Ye, J., & Xue, J.
 YEAR :- 2016
 METHODOLOGY :- This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of various energy storage technologies
by evaluating their maturity, efficiency, scale, lifespan, and cost across different applications in power
systems. It also reviews global and Chinese market potentials, identifies challenges in large-scale
implementation, and forecasts future developments in energy storage technologies.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This paper highlights the significant role of energy storage technologies in integrating
renewable energy, improving power system stability, and enabling applications like frequency regulation and
peak shaving. Future advancements will depend on enhancing storage efficiency, reducing costs, and
implementing supportive policies for industry growth.

 TITLE :- Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review.
 AUTHOR :- Aneke, M., & Wang, M.
 YEAR :- 2016
 METHODOLOGY :- This review paper synthesizes existing literature on energy storage technologies,
focusing on both primary and secondary energy forms. It includes a detailed analysis of various real-life
applications and projects to evaluate the effectiveness and future prospects of these technologies within the
modern energy supply chain.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This review examined primary and secondary energy forms, highlighting diverse
energy storage technologies, particularly focusing on secondary forms. Key findings indicate the need for
further research on emerging technologies and emphasize the continued dominance of molten salts and
pumped hydro energy storage in large-scale applications.

 TITLE :- Energy Storage Technologies for High-Power Applications.
 AUTHOR :- Farhadi, M., & Mohammed, O.
 YEAR :- 2015
 METHODOLOGY :- This study employs a comparative analysis of high power energy storage technologies,
including supercapacitors, SMES, flywheels, and lithium-ion batteries, focusing on their technical
developments and applications. It evaluates their effectiveness in grid services like voltage control and
frequency regulation, as well as in transportation and critical load scenarios.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This paper reviewed the operational principles and specifications of high power
storage technologies, including supercapacitors, SMES, flywheels, and lithium-ion batteries, highlighting
their comparative advantages and limitations. It emphasized their critical roles in grid services, transportation,
and managing pulse loads, while advocating for continued advancements in these technologies to meet
increasing demand.

 TITLE :- Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Energy Applications.
 AUTHOR :- Bocklisch, T.
 YEAR :- 2015
 METHODOLOGY :- This paper explores hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), which combine multiple
energy storage technologies to optimize performance characteristics like energy density and efficiency. It
outlines various HESS applications, coupling architectures, and energy management concepts, and discusses
four specific configurations for decentralized PV systems, concluding with an overview of the experimental
test-bed at Chemnitz University of Technology.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are a promising solution for managing
fluctuations in a sustainable, 100% renewable energy framework. This paper summarizes typical HESS
applications, coupling architectures, and energy management concepts, while also detailing four
configurations for decentralized PV systems. Ongoing research at Chemnitz University of Technology aims to
develop and optimize control algorithms and design concepts for HESS.

 TITLE :- Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application
potential in power system operation.
 AUTHOR :- Luo, X., Wang, J., Dooner, M., & Clarke, J.
 YEAR :- 2015
 METHODOLOGY :- This paper provides an overview of the current state of electrical energy storage (EES)
technologies, highlighting their importance in transitioning to a sustainable, renewable energy system. With
fossil fuels dominating global electricity generation, the need for EES arises due to the intermittent nature of
renewable sources. EES technologies, which convert electrical energy into storable forms, can enhance power
system reliability by managing load demands and improving power quality.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This paper reviews the development of electrical energy storage (EES) technologies,
highlighting the maturity of pumped hydro storage and the growing role of lithium-ion batteries for smaller
applications. Despite advancements, no commercial solution for seasonal energy storage exists, and
widespread deployment hinges on further technological improvements and clearer quantification of EES
benefits.

 TITLE :- A review of lithium and non-lithium based solid state batteries.
 AUTHOR :- Kim, J. G., Son, B., Mukherjee, S., Schuppert, N., Bates, A., Kwon, O., Park, S.
 YEAR :- 2015
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on solid-state
battery technologies, focusing on their operational principles, advantages, and challenges. Key performance
metrics and recent advancements are analyzed to assess their potential applications and market viability.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Recent advancements in solid-state batteries have improved their energy and power
densities, but challenges like high production costs and long-term performance issues persist. Further research
is needed to optimize electrode structures and electrolyte designs for broader application.

 TITLE :- Energy Storage Technologies: The Past and the Present.
 AUTHOR :- Boicea, V. A.
 YEAR :- 2014
 METHODOLOGY :- This review employs a comprehensive analysis of various energy storage systems
(ESSs), focusing on historical evolution, technical characteristics, and market applications. The interaction
between smart grids and microgrid applications with ESSs is emphasized, utilizing a literature survey and
market data to assess technological advancements and identify key trends.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a vital role in applications like frequency
regulation and emission reduction, with some technologies already mature and others still developing. Future
efforts will focus on reducing costs and improving reliability, ultimately guided by societal needs and
preferences.

 TITLE :- Energy storage: Applications and challenges.
 AUTHOR :- Kousksou, T., Bruel, P., Jamil, A., El Rhafiki, T., & Zeraouli, Y.
 YEAR :- 2014
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves a systematic review of existing literature on energy storage
technologies, focusing on their operating principles, characteristics, and applicability to renewable energy
systems. Key criteria for evaluation include efficiency, cost, scalability, and performance across varying
operational conditions.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- This paper reviewed various energy storage technologies, highlighting the maturity of
sensible heat storage and the potential of latent heat storage, while noting challenges in CAES and pumped
hydro. It emphasizes the need for ongoing research to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance
integration with renewable energy systems.

 TITLE :- Evaluation of energy storage technologies for integration with renewable electricity: Quantifying
expert opinions
 AUTHOR :- Daim, T. U., Li, X., Kim, J., & Simms, S.
 YEAR :- 2012
 METHODOLOGY :- Evaluating energy storage technologies necessitates a comprehensive analysis of their
unique characteristics across technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Studies have
compared various technologies using criteria like lifecycle costs, efficiency, capacity, and environmental
impacts. This paper aims to integrate these diverse evaluation criteria to determine the most suitable energy
storage technologies for wind integration and other applications.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The study highlights the necessity of energy storage solutions to address the
intermittency of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Using the BPA case, it applies an integrated
evaluation method combining the fuzzy Delphi method, AHP, and fuzzy consistent matrix to assess various
energy storage technologies, ultimately identifying Compressed Air Energy Storage as the most effective
option for wind integration while acknowledging that Sodium Sulfur Battery Storage may be preferred for
environmental and social considerations.

 TITLE :- Flywheel energy storage systems: Review and simulation for an isolated wind power system.
 AUTHOR :- Sebastián, R., & Peña Alzola, R.
 YEAR :- 2012
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves analyzing the design and operational principles of flywheel
energy storage systems (FESSs), focusing on their energy conversion mechanisms, efficiency, and
performance metrics. It includes evaluating their applications, advantages, and lifetime characteristics
compared to traditional energy storage technologies.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- The study reviews the components and applications of flywheel energy storage
systems (FESSs), emphasizing their suitability for short-term power exchange in isolated systems.
Simulations of a low-speed FESS design demonstrate its effectiveness in smoothing power variations and
responding to load changes, showcasing its potential for cost-effective energy storage solutions.

 TITLE :- Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications.
 AUTHOR :- Lukic, S. M., Jian Cao, Bansal, R. C., Rodriguez, F., & Emadi, A.
 YEAR :- 2008
 METHODOLOGY :- The methodology involves a comprehensive review of the current trends and
technologies in the automotive industry, categorizing various degrees of electrification and evaluating
candidate energy storage systems (ESSs) like batteries, ultracapacitors, and fuel cells. It also examines state-
of-charge monitoring, management techniques, and hybrid power sources to optimize the integration of these
systems in electric drivetrains.
 SCOPE OF WORK :- Power electronics have advanced electric drive-trains, but energy storage remains a
critical challenge due to the lack of an optimal solution. Hybrid power sources and ongoing innovations in
energy storage are essential to overcome these limitations and enhance performance.

Conclusion
 We have successfully studies and reviewed different types of energy storage systems
and their advancements.
 The field of energy storage is rapidly evolving, with promising advancements in
battery technology, grid-scale storage, and emerging technologies. These
advancements are crucial for enabling a clean energy future and ensuring grid
stability.
 As research and development continue, we can expect to see even more innovative
and efficient energy storage solutions in the coming years.

References
1. Xinjing Zhang, Ziyu Gao, Bingqian Zhou, Huan Guo, Yujie Xu, Yulong Ding, Haisheng Chen(2024).
Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems: Fundamentals and Applications
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000559#ab005
2. Julian David Hunt, Behnam Zakeri, Jakub Jurasz, Wenxuan Tong, Paweł B. Dąbek, Roberto Brandão,
Epari Ritesh Patro, Bojan Đurin, Walter Leal Filho, Yoshihide Wada et al(2023). Underground Gravity
Energy Storage: A Solution for Long-Term Energy Storage
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/2/825
3. JulianDavid Hunt, Andreas Nascimento, Behnam Zakeri, Jakub Jurasz, Paweł B. Dąbek, Paulo Sergio
Franco Barbosa, Roberto Brandão, Nivalde José de Castro, Walter Leal Filho, Keywan Riahi (2022).
Lift Energy Storage Technology: A solution for decentralized urban energy storage
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222010052
4. J. Mitali, S. Dhinakaran, A.A. Mohamad(2022). Energy storage systems: a review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277268352200022X
5. Cabeza, L. F. (2021). Advances in thermal energy storage systems: methods and applications.
Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819885-8.00002-4

6. Choudhury, S. (2021). Flywheel energy storage systems: A critical review on technologies,
applications, and future prospects. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2050-7038.13024
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Dong, Z. Y. (2021). Battery energy-storage system: A review of technologies, optimization objectives,
constraints, approaches, and outstanding issues https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103023
8. Abdalla, A. N., Nazir, M. S., Tao, H., Cao, S., Ji, R., Jiang, M., & Yao, L. (2021). Integration of energy
storage system and renewable energy sources based on artificial intelligence: An overview
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102811
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