Deep study of embedded systems application and to have a much more view about the scope of embedded system in real life

1. Scope of Embedded
System
Presented by,
Ananth S

2. INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC
CONTROL
• Growing number of road users
and the limited resources
provided by current
infrastructures lead to ever
increasing traveling times.
• Novel technologies such as
communication networks and
sensor networks, sophisticated
algorithms for setting traffic
lights.
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3. General Overview
• we are coping with a complex multi-agent system, where
communication and coordination play essential roles.
• The research has led to a novel system in which traffic light
controllers and the behavior of car drivers are optimized using
machine-learning methods.
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4. Concept
• Suppose there are a number of cars with their
destination address standing before a crossing.
• All vehicles communicate to the traffic light with
their specific place in the queue and their
destination address.
• To minimize the long-term average waiting time until
all vehicles have arrived at their destination address.
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5. • The learning traffic light controllers solve this problem by
estimating how long it would take for a car to arrive at its
destination address (for which the vehicle may need to pass
many different traffic lights) when currently the light would
be put on green, and how long it would take if the light would
be put on red.
• To estimate the waiting times, we use 'reinforcement
learning’.
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6. • One nice feature is that the system is very fair; it
never lets one car wait for a very long time, since
then its gain of setting its own light to green
becomes very large, and the optimal decision of the
traffic light will set his light to green.
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7. 7/26/2017 7

8. Solutions
• We solve the traffic light control problem by using a
distributed multi-agent system, where cooperation
and coordination are done by communication,
learning, and voting mechanisms.
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9. RESULT
The results indicate that the learning controllers can
reduce average waiting times with at least 70% in
semi-busy traffic situations, and even much more
when high congestion of the traffic occurs.
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10. CONCLUSION
• The “Intelligent Traffic Light Control Using
Embedded System” is more reliable.
• The easy availability of good design tools and
software engineers has been two key factors in
fuelling the growth of embedded systems.
• The Intelligent traffic control is just a small part,
looking at the bigger picture it has large-scale
application in ITS(Intelligent Transportation
System).
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11. MOTO
“This not only help’s solve the notion of
Traffic Gridlock, but also the
Environmental Issues.”

12. Smart Payement Cards

13. Architecture
●
●
ISO/IEC 7810 standard size
(normally ID-1) card that has
embedded integrated circuit with
microprocessor
• Personal identification
• Authentication
• Data storage
• Application processing
● Design
• Contact smart card
(ISO/IEC 7816)
• Contactless smart card
(ISO/IEC 14443)
• Hybrid
C1–VCC
C2–RST
C3–CLK
C4–NC
C5–GND
C6–VPP
C7–I/O
C8–NC
Product
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14. Structure and Packaging
Active Chip
Side
ChipAdhesive
Chip
Metal Contacts
Card Body
Encapsulation
Substrate
Bond Wire
Hotmelt
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15. CPU
RAM
Test Logic
ROM
EEPROM
Serial I/O
Interface
Security
Logic
bus
Inside Smart Card
● CPU:
– Microprocessor
– Cryptographic co-
processors
– Random number generator
●
●
●
Security Logic: Detecting
abnormal condition (e.g.
low voltage)
Serial I/O Interface:
Contact to the outside
world
Test Logic: Self-test
procedure
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16. CPU
RAM
Test Logic
ROM
EEPROM
Serial I/O
Interface
Security
Logic
bus
Inside Smart Card
● ROM:
– Card operating system
– Self-test procedures
– Typically 16 KB
● RAM:
–
–
‘scratch pad’ of the processor
typically 512 bytes
● EEPROM:
– Cryptographic keys
– Pin code
– Biometric template
– Balance
– Application code
– Typically 8 kb
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17. Basic Security Feature
• Closed package
Memory encapsulation
Fuses
• Security logic (sensors)
• Cryptographic co-
processors and random
generator
• Decoupling applications
and operating system
• Application separation
(Java card)
• Restricted file access
• Life cycle control
• Various cryptographic
algorithms and
protocols
Hardware Software
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18. Card OS
The two primary types of smart card operating systems
are
● Fixed File Structure
–
–
Files and permissions are set in advance by the issuer
Seldom used for payment cards
● Dynamic Application
– Enables developers to build, test, and deploy different on
card applications securely
– Updates and security are able to be downloaded and
dynamically changed
– MULTOS and JavaCard are the two main OS standards
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19. Java Card vs. MULTOS
JavaCard
●
●
●
A standard, flexible tool box
A known language and an
easy tool for applet
developers in cards
Requires the addition of
Global Platform (or similar)
to manage the card and its
applets
MULTOS
●
●
●
A turn key system
Comes as a complete
package for cards issuers,
with its certification
authority, language, tools
and personalization process
Global platform is
possible
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20. Health Care Monitoring
using Embedded system

21.  In a hospital health care monitoring
system it is necessary to constantly
monitor the patient’s physiological
parameters.
 Health care sensors are playing a
vital role in hospitality.
 Patient monitoring system, a major
improvement in hospitality because
of its advanced technology.
 A wireless system to measure
heartbeat and body temperature.
Health care monitoring

22. Patient Monitoring Block
Diagram-Transmitter
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23. Patient Monitoring Block
Diagram-Receiver
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24.  Bridging the gap between the doctor and the
patients.
 Best to be used on rural areas.
 Easy to operate.
Advantages

25.  Multiple parameters like Blood
pressure, retinal size, age and weight
can be included as controlling
parameters in the future.
 This system also developed by using
advanced GSM and GPRS technology in
future.
Future Scope
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27.  Wireless technology is emerging as a
significant element of next generation
healthcare services.
 Portable and easy to use.
 Prevention is better than cure.
Conclusion
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