The document discusses science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy. It addresses major issues in STI policy including allocating sufficient resources to science activities and ensuring resources are used efficiently. Elements of an innovation system include universities, research institutions, technological institutes, and R&D laboratories. The objective of STI policy shifted to a more instrumental focus on national prestige and economic objectives. Normative principles for designing STI policies include robustness, flexibility, internal and external diversity, experimentation, and prudence.