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sci 7 q2 3 recognize that some organisms .PPT
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- 2. Learning Competency: • Recognizethat some organisms consist of a single cell (unicellular) like in bacteria and some consist of many cells (multicellular) like in a human
- 3. • Introduction toCellular Organisms • Unicellular Organisms • Characteristics of Unicellular Organisms • Examples of Unicellular Organisms • Multicellular Organisms • Characteristics of Multicellular Organisms • Examples of Multicellular Organisms Agenda • Advantages of Being Unicellular • Advantages of Being Multicellular • Challenges Faced by Unicellular Organisms • Challenges Faced by Multicellular Organisms • Case Study: Bacteria • Case Study: Humans • Conclusion
- 4. Introduction to Cellular Organisms Cellularorganisms are the building blocks of life. They can be broadly classified into two categories: unicellular and multicellular. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, consist of a single cell that performs all life functions independently. In contrast, multicellular organisms, like humans, are composed of many specialized cells that work together to sustain life. Understanding these differences is crucial for studying biology and the complexity of life forms.
- 5. Examples: Amoeba Unicellular organisms consist of asingle cell that performs all the functions needed for life. They are self- sufficient and can carry out processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction independently. Definition Examples: Bacteria Unicellular Organisms Bacteria are among the simplest and most abundant unicellular organisms. They can be found in virtually every environment on Earth, from soil to water to the human body. Amoebas are a type of unicellular protist that moves using pseudopodia. They are often found in freshwater environments and play a role in nutrient cycling.
- 6. Reproduce asexually through processeslike binary fission, budding, or spore formation. Consist of a single cell that performs all necessary life functions. Characteristics of Unicellular Organisms Typically microscopic in size, making them invisible to the naked eye. Have simple structures without specialized organelles, though some may have basic features like flagella.
- 7. Examples of UnicellularOrganisms Single-celled microorganisms that can be found in diverse environments, including soil, water, and human Bacteria Single-celled eukaryotes like amoeba and paramecium, often found in water and soil. Protozoa Photosynthetic unicellular organisms, such as Chlamydomonas, commonly found in aquatic environments. Algae
- 8. Cell Specialization Multicellular organisms are composed of morethan one cell, with cells differentiating to perform specialized functions. Definition Examples Multicellular Organisms Examples include humans, plants, and animals. Each has distinct cell types that contribute to their overall function and survival. Cells in multicellular organisms specialize in various functions, such as nerve cells in animals or leaf cells in plants, to work together efficiently.
- 10. Characteristics of MulticellularOrganisms Multicellular organisms have complex structures with various levels of organization, from cells to tissues to organs. These organisms have cells that are specialized to perform specific functions, such as nerve cells for signaling and muscle cells for movement. Complexity Specialized Cells Growth Multicellular organisms grow by increasing the number of cells through cell division, allowing them to develop from a single cell to a large organism. Interdependenc e In multicellular organisms, different cells and tissues depend on each other to function properly, ensuring the survival of the whole organism.
- 11. Examples of MulticellularOrganisms Humans have complex organ systems, specialized cells, and advanced functions like cognition and mobility. Humans Trees have specialized cells for photosynthesis, structural support, and nutrient transport, enabling large growth. Trees Fish possess specialized organs for breathing underwater, streamlined bodies for swimming, and complex reproductive systems. Fish
- 12. Comparing Unicellular and MulticellularOrganisms Unicellular: Single cell performs all functions Multicellular: Made of many specialized cells Unicellular: Simple internal organization Multicellular: Complex internal organization with tissues and organs Unicellular: Functions independently Multicellular: Cells work together for survival Unicellular: Limited to microscopic size Multicellular: Can grow much larger Unicellular: Performs basic life processes Structure Function and Complexity
- 13. They require fewerresources to survive, which is beneficial in resource-limited environments. Rapid reproduction allows unicellular organisms to quickly adapt to environmental changes. Unicellular organisms have a simpler structure, making them easier to reproduce and maintain. Advantages of Being Unicellular Unicellular organisms can occupy a variety of niches, enhancing their chances of survival.
- 14. Improved efficiency in resource utilization and energy managemen t. Enhanced survival through organized systemslike immune response. Ability to grow larger and occupy diverse environment s. Advantages of Being Multicellular Specialized cells allow for more complex structures and functions.
- 15. Resource limitations often restrict the growthand reproduction of unicellular organisms, as they rely on a single cell for all functions. Unicellular organisms face difficulty in managing and adapting to complex environments due to their simple structure. Unicellular organisms are highly vulnerable to environmental changes, which can easily threaten their survival. Challenges Faced by Unicellular Organisms 1 2 3
- 16. Risk of diseases suchas cancer due to errors in cell division and differentiation processes. Coordination and communication between cells are crucial to maintain homeostasis and respond to environmental High energy requirements to sustain numerous specialized cells and complex bodily functions. Challenges Faced by Multicellular Organisms 02 03 01
- 17. Case Study: Bacteria ●Bacteriaare unicellular organisms with a simple cell structure lacking a nucleus. They possess a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material in the form of DNA. ●Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission, a process where one cell divides into two identical cells, allowing rapid population growth. ●Bacteria play crucial roles in the environment, including decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen in the soil, and aiding Bacterial Structure, Reproduction, and Environmental Role
- 18. Case Study: Humans ●Humansare composed of trillions of cells, with each cell performing specific functions essential for survival. ●Specialized cells include neurons for transmitting signals, red blood cells for carrying oxygen, and muscle cells for movement. ●Cellular functions are coordinated through complex systems, such as the nervous and circulatory systems, ensuring efficient operation of the body. Human Cellular Structure and Function
- 19. Conclusion • Throughout thispresentation, we explored the fundamental differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms. • Unicellular organisms, like bacteria, consist of a single cell that performs all life functions independently.
- 20. Conclusion • In contrast,multicellular organisms, such as humans, are composed of many specialized cells that work together to sustain life. • Understanding these differences is crucial as it highlights the diversity of life forms and the various strategies organisms use to survive and thrive in their environments.