SlideShare a Scribd company logo
SatelliteNavigation
            for
   BehaviourAnalysis
Tamme van der Wal (AeroVision)
 Andrea Kölzsch (NIOO-KNAW)
   Lucas Noldus (Noldus IT)
E-Track: the project

Next generation GNSS animal tracker:
• High precision;
• Detecting and analysing animal behaviour;
• An end-to-end system:
      –    Tags (EGNOS enabled);
      –    Data acquisition tools;
      –    Data visualisation tools;
      –    Data analysis tools;
• Test on birds and mammals;
• Demonstrate commercial feasibility.


6-4-2012                           E-Track    2
Frommovement tracks to
                behaviouralpatterns
Data reduction & distillation:

Position-Velocity-Time (PVT)  relevant behaviour:
• Good enough spatial resolution;
      – Better than 1 meter;
• Good enough temporal resolution;
      – Better than once per 5 minutes sampling;
• All conditions – also wooded / hilly terrain.




6-4-2012                       E-Track               3
Examples of relevant behaviour
Automatic detection:                             Biologists interest:
•   (Home range („extent‟ / Utilisation          •   Walking
    function))                                   •   Resting/sleeping
•   Locomotion (e.g. distance                    •   Foraging
    moved, velocity, acceleration)
                                                 •   Exploring a new region
•   Spatial behaviour       (zone
    entry/exit, time in zone, distance to        •   Escaping from a predator
    zone/point, zone transition, heading to      •   Flying short distances
    point)
                                                 •   Flying long distances/fast =
•   Path shape (turn angle, heading)
                                                     migration
•   Body
                                               •     Mating
    posture, orientation, behaviour
    pattern                                    •     Swimming, diving
    (mobility/immobility, stop/walk/run, stand •     Preening ...
    /lie, grazing, rotation)
•   Social behaviour       (relative distance:
    in proximity, contact; relative movement:
    move towards, move away from)
6-4-2012                                  E-Track                                   4
End-to-End System




6-4-2012          E-Track      5
What is it all good for?




6-4-2012             E-Track          6
What is it all good for?

•   Incidents (collisions, damage etc.);
•   Explanation of behaviour impacts;
•   Interaction with environment;
•   Social behaviour;
•   Deviating behaviour;

• Spatial planning;
• Real Time Guidance / Correction / Instruction.


6-4-2012                  E-Track                  7
State-of-the-Art Tags




6-4-2012            E-Track        8
State-of-Art Tags
                                                                                    Tag weight 3-5% body weight
                           1200
Battery life time [days]




                           1000
                                                                                        micro sensors 10-50 gr
                            800                                                         "midi sensors" 250-1250 gr
                                                                                        "mini sensors" 50-250 gr
                            600



                            400



                            200



                              0
                              0.0001   0.001     0.01      0.1             1   10



                                                        Sampling period (one sample per …) *hours+

                6-4-2012                                         E-Track                                     9
Current Practice GNSS Animal tracking

GNSS Tag:
• 12,5 gr. – 1250 gr.;
• Attachment: Glue, harness, Neck ring; Neck collar;
• Sampling rates: / day, / 4hours … / minute;
• Energy mgt: batteries; power saving settings;
• Tag retrieval: RC Drop-off; Catch/kill;
Data Retrieval:
• Store-On-Board (SOB) repossession;
• Short range transmission  reencounter;
• Network transmission  GPRS, satellite communication;
Software:
• R;
• ArcGIS;
• Dedicated software packages;
• Homebrew software.

6-4-2012                     E-Track                      10
What would be the one thing to
           change to your current system …




6-4-2012                 E-Track             11
Data Analysis




                           prototype




6-4-2012        E-Track                12
GNSS EGNOS




                         -“DGPS is expensive”
                         -“DGP … what??”
                         -“Tag becomes too heavy”
                         -…



6-4-2012       E-Track                              13
EGNOS or EDAS
                                   EuropeanGeostationaryNavigationOverlay Service




EGNOS Data Access Service (EDAS)


  6-4-2012                            E-Track                                  14
User Requirements
• The position of the animal:
      – < 1 meter (absolute or relative?); < 5 minutes;
      – EGNOS and/or EDAS (post processing);
• Data reception:
      – Download opportunities (GPRS, Argos/Iridium, …);
• Additional sensors:
      – Accelerometer
      – Proximity detector
• Software: Integrated
      –    Data processing, (re)formatting
      –    Visualisation
      –    Annotation
      –    Standard/up-to-date algorithms
      –    DYO analyses


6-4-2012                           E-Track                 15
E-Track

           CHALLENGES:
           • Balance tag weight with
             expectations of sampling
             frequency and accuracy;
           • Integrating EGNOS – in
             particular in “wildlife
             environments”;
           • Developing an end-to-end
             system (plug&play?
             mix&match?


6-4-2012       E-Track                  16
Thankyouforyour attention.


                                                       Meet us at:



             E-Track is carried out in the context of the Galileo FP7 R&D programme
           supervised by the GSA. (nr. 277679-2). For more information, please check
                                      www.etrack-project.eu .




6-4-2012                                     E-Track                                   17

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Satellite Navigation for Behaviour Analysis

  • 1. SatelliteNavigation for BehaviourAnalysis Tamme van der Wal (AeroVision) Andrea Kölzsch (NIOO-KNAW) Lucas Noldus (Noldus IT)
  • 2. E-Track: the project Next generation GNSS animal tracker: • High precision; • Detecting and analysing animal behaviour; • An end-to-end system: – Tags (EGNOS enabled); – Data acquisition tools; – Data visualisation tools; – Data analysis tools; • Test on birds and mammals; • Demonstrate commercial feasibility. 6-4-2012 E-Track 2
  • 3. Frommovement tracks to behaviouralpatterns Data reduction & distillation: Position-Velocity-Time (PVT)  relevant behaviour: • Good enough spatial resolution; – Better than 1 meter; • Good enough temporal resolution; – Better than once per 5 minutes sampling; • All conditions – also wooded / hilly terrain. 6-4-2012 E-Track 3
  • 4. Examples of relevant behaviour Automatic detection: Biologists interest: • (Home range („extent‟ / Utilisation • Walking function)) • Resting/sleeping • Locomotion (e.g. distance • Foraging moved, velocity, acceleration) • Exploring a new region • Spatial behaviour (zone entry/exit, time in zone, distance to • Escaping from a predator zone/point, zone transition, heading to • Flying short distances point) • Flying long distances/fast = • Path shape (turn angle, heading) migration • Body • Mating posture, orientation, behaviour pattern • Swimming, diving (mobility/immobility, stop/walk/run, stand • Preening ... /lie, grazing, rotation) • Social behaviour (relative distance: in proximity, contact; relative movement: move towards, move away from) 6-4-2012 E-Track 4
  • 6. What is it all good for? 6-4-2012 E-Track 6
  • 7. What is it all good for? • Incidents (collisions, damage etc.); • Explanation of behaviour impacts; • Interaction with environment; • Social behaviour; • Deviating behaviour; • Spatial planning; • Real Time Guidance / Correction / Instruction. 6-4-2012 E-Track 7
  • 9. State-of-Art Tags Tag weight 3-5% body weight 1200 Battery life time [days] 1000 micro sensors 10-50 gr 800 "midi sensors" 250-1250 gr "mini sensors" 50-250 gr 600 400 200 0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Sampling period (one sample per …) *hours+ 6-4-2012 E-Track 9
  • 10. Current Practice GNSS Animal tracking GNSS Tag: • 12,5 gr. – 1250 gr.; • Attachment: Glue, harness, Neck ring; Neck collar; • Sampling rates: / day, / 4hours … / minute; • Energy mgt: batteries; power saving settings; • Tag retrieval: RC Drop-off; Catch/kill; Data Retrieval: • Store-On-Board (SOB) repossession; • Short range transmission  reencounter; • Network transmission  GPRS, satellite communication; Software: • R; • ArcGIS; • Dedicated software packages; • Homebrew software. 6-4-2012 E-Track 10
  • 11. What would be the one thing to change to your current system … 6-4-2012 E-Track 11
  • 12. Data Analysis prototype 6-4-2012 E-Track 12
  • 13. GNSS EGNOS -“DGPS is expensive” -“DGP … what??” -“Tag becomes too heavy” -… 6-4-2012 E-Track 13
  • 14. EGNOS or EDAS EuropeanGeostationaryNavigationOverlay Service EGNOS Data Access Service (EDAS) 6-4-2012 E-Track 14
  • 15. User Requirements • The position of the animal: – < 1 meter (absolute or relative?); < 5 minutes; – EGNOS and/or EDAS (post processing); • Data reception: – Download opportunities (GPRS, Argos/Iridium, …); • Additional sensors: – Accelerometer – Proximity detector • Software: Integrated – Data processing, (re)formatting – Visualisation – Annotation – Standard/up-to-date algorithms – DYO analyses 6-4-2012 E-Track 15
  • 16. E-Track CHALLENGES: • Balance tag weight with expectations of sampling frequency and accuracy; • Integrating EGNOS – in particular in “wildlife environments”; • Developing an end-to-end system (plug&play? mix&match? 6-4-2012 E-Track 16
  • 17. Thankyouforyour attention. Meet us at: E-Track is carried out in the context of the Galileo FP7 R&D programme supervised by the GSA. (nr. 277679-2). For more information, please check www.etrack-project.eu . 6-4-2012 E-Track 17