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Prepared by Anna Soo-Hoo
Fall 2015
Once the fishermen deliver the sardines to the factory, we…
• quickly remove the heads and intestines of the sardines
• sort the sardines by size
• soak the sardines in strong brine for around an hour
• place the sardines in small baskets and wash them in fresh or salt water for a few seconds
• arrange the sardines one by one in wire baskets or trays so that they can dry outdoors for about an hour
• fry the sardines for about two minutes, depending on the size of the fish
• set aside the sardines in order to drain any surplus oil
• pack the sardines into tin cans
• add olive oil or peanut oil
• seal the cans
• immerse the sealed cans in boiling water for several hours
• wait for the cans to cool
• use sawdust to clean the cans
• put the finished products into crates
The French preferred to pack the sardines in olive oil, but in order to sell to a larger market , which included those
Americans who wanted a less expensive product, peanut oil was also used (imported from India, Senegal, and other parts
of Africa).
Concarneau, on enlève les têtes des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69230559/f1.item
“Concarneau, la salaison des sardines” [photographie de
presse] / [Agence Rol]
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923067h/f1.item
Concarneau, lavage des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Agence photographique
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923049k/f1.item
Concarneau, séchage des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69230485/f1.item
Femmes mettant leurs sardines à sécher dans une conserverie de Quiberon, Morbihan, France
Date?
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACP_Quiberon_s%C3%A9chage_sardines.jpg
Yard of a Large Cannery Showing Sardines Drying on Grills
1902
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
University of Washington
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40640_Yard_of_a_Large_Cannery_Showing_Sardines_Drying_on_Grills.jpeg
Frying sardines in oil; Sardine industry; Fishery processing; Women fish trade workers
1902
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
University of Washington
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40638_Frying_Sardines_in_Oil.jpeg
Concarneau, soudage des boîtes de sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Agence photographique
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923063v/f1.item
Concarneau, les enfants mettent en caisse les boîtes de sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]
Date d'édition : 1913
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923051n/f1.item
Grève des sardinières de Douarnenez (Finistère), 1924 : « un groupe de grévistes femmes »
Year of publication: 1924
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
CEDIAS-Musée social, Paris
http://cediasbibli.org/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75902
Sardine Boat Fishing
1902
Public Domain
Wikimedia Commons
University of Washington
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40629_Sardine_Boat_Fishing.jpeg
Carte postale, les bateaux sardiniers à l'entrée du port, Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, département de la Vendée, en France. Collection
Boutain, no 158, Croix-de-Vie.
Date (?)
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACPA_Boutain_sardiniers_entree_port.jpg
Carl Moser (1873-1939)
Original Title: Strickende Bretonin
Also known as: Strickende Frau mit Booten
1926
Wood Engraving
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACarl_Moser_Strickende_Frau_mit_Booten.jpg
Le retour de la pêche des bateaux sardiniers aux quais du Vieux Port. La Rochelle, Charente Maritime, France.
Photographie prise avant 1908.
Public Domain
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_-_Les_quais_du_Vieux_Port_au_retour_de_la_p%C3%AAche_des_sardiniers.jpg
Amédée Joyau (1872-1913)
Le Soir : Dundees et sardiniers, les Sables
d'Olonne (4ème état ?) [Evening: Small Sailing
Boats and Sardine Fishing Boats]
1905
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica
Institut national d’histoire de l’art, Paris
http://bibliotheque-
numerique.inha.fr/collection/14545-le-soir-
dundees-et-sardiniers-les-sables-d-olo/
Permalink:
http://www.purl.org/yoolib/inha/14598
Paul Signac (1863–1935)
Le Sardinier, Locmalo
(Les Tourelles)
1922
Public Domain in the
United States
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikime
dia.org/wiki/File%3APaul
_Signac_-
_Le_Sardinier%2C_Locm
alo_(1922).jpg
Maxime Maufra (1861-1918)
Sardiniers (sardine fishing boats)
1909
Public Domain in the United States
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing-sardine-boat-1909.jpg
Cazeils, Nelson and Fanny Fennec. Il y a un siècle—Les Femmes et la mer. Rennes: Ouest-France, 2003.
Femmes égalité de 1789 à nos jours. Paris : Messidor, 1989.
Le Boulanger, Jean-Michel. Douarnenez : histoire d'une ville. Quimper: Palantines, 2000.
McMichael, Philip, ed. Food and Agrarian Orders in the World-Economy. Connecticut: Greenwood
Publishing Group, 1995.
Michel, Claude. (2007). Penn Sardin. On Belle Angèle de Pont-Aven. (CD).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50VKs3g6DqQ
Smith, Hugh M. (US Commission of Fish and Fisheries). “The French Sardine Industry.” Popular
Science Monthly Oct. 1901: 542-556.
Further Reading:
Bertin, François. Penn Sardin, deux siècles de pêche à la sardine. Rennes: Ouest-France, 2001.

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Sardines, the History of a French Industry, a slide show by Anna Soo-Hoo for hpfi

  • 1. Prepared by Anna Soo-Hoo Fall 2015
  • 2.
  • 3. Once the fishermen deliver the sardines to the factory, we… • quickly remove the heads and intestines of the sardines • sort the sardines by size • soak the sardines in strong brine for around an hour • place the sardines in small baskets and wash them in fresh or salt water for a few seconds • arrange the sardines one by one in wire baskets or trays so that they can dry outdoors for about an hour • fry the sardines for about two minutes, depending on the size of the fish • set aside the sardines in order to drain any surplus oil • pack the sardines into tin cans • add olive oil or peanut oil • seal the cans • immerse the sealed cans in boiling water for several hours • wait for the cans to cool • use sawdust to clean the cans • put the finished products into crates The French preferred to pack the sardines in olive oil, but in order to sell to a larger market , which included those Americans who wanted a less expensive product, peanut oil was also used (imported from India, Senegal, and other parts of Africa).
  • 4. Concarneau, on enlève les têtes des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69230559/f1.item
  • 5. “Concarneau, la salaison des sardines” [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923067h/f1.item
  • 6. Concarneau, lavage des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Agence photographique Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923049k/f1.item
  • 7. Concarneau, séchage des sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69230485/f1.item
  • 8. Femmes mettant leurs sardines à sécher dans une conserverie de Quiberon, Morbihan, France Date? Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACP_Quiberon_s%C3%A9chage_sardines.jpg
  • 9. Yard of a Large Cannery Showing Sardines Drying on Grills 1902 Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons University of Washington https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40640_Yard_of_a_Large_Cannery_Showing_Sardines_Drying_on_Grills.jpeg
  • 10. Frying sardines in oil; Sardine industry; Fishery processing; Women fish trade workers 1902 Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons University of Washington https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40638_Frying_Sardines_in_Oil.jpeg
  • 11. Concarneau, soudage des boîtes de sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Agence photographique Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923063v/f1.item
  • 12. Concarneau, les enfants mettent en caisse les boîtes de sardines : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] Date d'édition : 1913 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6923051n/f1.item
  • 13.
  • 14. Grève des sardinières de Douarnenez (Finistère), 1924 : « un groupe de grévistes femmes » Year of publication: 1924 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica CEDIAS-Musée social, Paris http://cediasbibli.org/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75902
  • 15. Sardine Boat Fishing 1902 Public Domain Wikimedia Commons University of Washington https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_40629_Sardine_Boat_Fishing.jpeg
  • 16. Carte postale, les bateaux sardiniers à l'entrée du port, Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, département de la Vendée, en France. Collection Boutain, no 158, Croix-de-Vie. Date (?) Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACPA_Boutain_sardiniers_entree_port.jpg
  • 17. Carl Moser (1873-1939) Original Title: Strickende Bretonin Also known as: Strickende Frau mit Booten 1926 Wood Engraving Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACarl_Moser_Strickende_Frau_mit_Booten.jpg
  • 18. Le retour de la pêche des bateaux sardiniers aux quais du Vieux Port. La Rochelle, Charente Maritime, France. Photographie prise avant 1908. Public Domain Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_-_Les_quais_du_Vieux_Port_au_retour_de_la_p%C3%AAche_des_sardiniers.jpg
  • 19. Amédée Joyau (1872-1913) Le Soir : Dundees et sardiniers, les Sables d'Olonne (4ème état ?) [Evening: Small Sailing Boats and Sardine Fishing Boats] 1905 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica Institut national d’histoire de l’art, Paris http://bibliotheque- numerique.inha.fr/collection/14545-le-soir- dundees-et-sardiniers-les-sables-d-olo/ Permalink: http://www.purl.org/yoolib/inha/14598
  • 20. Paul Signac (1863–1935) Le Sardinier, Locmalo (Les Tourelles) 1922 Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikime dia.org/wiki/File%3APaul _Signac_- _Le_Sardinier%2C_Locm alo_(1922).jpg
  • 21. Maxime Maufra (1861-1918) Sardiniers (sardine fishing boats) 1909 Public Domain in the United States Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing-sardine-boat-1909.jpg
  • 22.
  • 23. Cazeils, Nelson and Fanny Fennec. Il y a un siècle—Les Femmes et la mer. Rennes: Ouest-France, 2003. Femmes égalité de 1789 à nos jours. Paris : Messidor, 1989. Le Boulanger, Jean-Michel. Douarnenez : histoire d'une ville. Quimper: Palantines, 2000. McMichael, Philip, ed. Food and Agrarian Orders in the World-Economy. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. Michel, Claude. (2007). Penn Sardin. On Belle Angèle de Pont-Aven. (CD). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50VKs3g6DqQ Smith, Hugh M. (US Commission of Fish and Fisheries). “The French Sardine Industry.” Popular Science Monthly Oct. 1901: 542-556. Further Reading: Bertin, François. Penn Sardin, deux siècles de pêche à la sardine. Rennes: Ouest-France, 2001.

Editor's Notes

  1. was able to display his works at the Paris Salon of 1886