This document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which was first proposed by Edward Sapir and later expanded upon by Benjamin Lee Whorf. It presents the key figures and their backgrounds, including Sapir's work in linguistics and Whorf's study of the Hopi language. The hypothesis is introduced as having both a strong version, that language determines thought, and a weak version, that language influences thought. While heavily criticized, most linguists now accept the weak version to some degree. Examples are given of how language can reflect cultural differences in areas like kinship terminology. The conclusion is that while the extreme versions have been disproven, most agree there is some influence of language on thought.

1. THE SAPIR-WHORF
HYPOTHESIS
By :
IKA FARIHAH HENTIHU

2. Who is Supir?
Sapir (1884-1939)
• American anthropologist-linguist; a leader
in American structural linguistics
• Author of Language: An Introduction to the
Study of Speech
• Born in Lauenberg, Germany.
• Pupil of Franz Boas, teacher of Benjamin
WhorfEdward

3. Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941)
He graduated from the MIT in 1918 with a degree in
Chemical Engineering and shortly afterwards began work
as a fire prevention engineer (inspector).
Although he met, and later studied with Edward Sapir, he
never took up linguistics as a profession.
known for his work on the Hopi language.
He was considered to be a captivating speaker and did
much to popularize his linguistic ideas through popular
lectures and articles written to be accessible to lay
readers.

4. Introduction
Edward sapir (1884-1939)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
(1897-1941)
SAPIR-WHORF
First discussed by Sapir in 1929, the hypothesis became popular in the 1950s
following posthumous publication of Whorf's writings on the subject.
• After vigorous attack from followers of Noam Chomsky in the following
decades, the hypothesis is now believed by most linguists only in the weak
sense that language can have some small effect on thought.

5. Popularly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, or
Whorfianism, the principle is often defined as having two
versions:
the strong version
that language
determines thought
and that linguistic
categories limit
and determine
cognitive
categories
the weak version
that linguistic
categories and
usage influence
thought and certain
kinds of nonlinguistic behaviour

6. Franz Boas
.
embraced forms of the idea
to one extent or another, but
Sapir in particular wrote
more often against than in
favor of anything like
linguistic determinism
Edward Sapir

7. SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS I
• Linguistic relativity:

8. SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS II
• .
Language
Determinism

9. Can the theory of language
determinism be accepted?
• If the theory of language determinism is right, the cross.
language and cross-cultural communication will never occur.
If the theory of language determinism is right, the translation
toward foreign language is impossible.
If the theory of language determinism is right, the foreign
language lerning will never occur

10. .Language does not exist apart
from culture, that is, from the
socially inherited assemblage
of practices and beliefs that
determines the texture of lives
(Sapir,1921: 207)
CULTURAL
LANGUAGE
THOUGHT PATTERN

11. For example
because Indonesia has collective culture,
the kinship system is very prominent in
their language. We’ll see the expression
like:
• Bapak/Ibu/Saudara/Kakak/Adik tinggal
di mana?
In English, we’ll find the expression as:
• Where do you live?

12. CONCLUSION
Final Conclusion
•The extreme version of
this idea, that all thought is constrained by
language, has been disproved
• The opposite extreme – that language does
not influence thought at all – is also widely
considered to be false

13. THANK YOU