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1. Sample Essay on International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice refers to the primary judicial unit of
the UN. It is commonly called the ICJ or simply the World Court. This
court is situated at the Peace Palace in The Hague in Netherlands. The
main functions of this court are to settle legal disputes that are
submitted to it by member states and to offer advisory opinions or
views on legal issues or questions submitted by the authorized
agencies, branches and the General Assembly of the United Nations.
The United Nations’ Charter of 1945 established the International Court
of Justice. It started its operations in 1946 when it succeeded the
Permanent Court of International Justice. The court is regulated and
constituted by a constitutional document that is similar to the one of its
predecessor, the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
Among the activities that the Court is mandated to perform include a
wide range of judicial activities that states are unable to solve using
domestic or regional laws. To date, this court has handled relatively
fewer cases. Nevertheless, since 1980s the number of countries that
are willing to use the International Court of Justice has increased
rapidly. Most of these countries are from the developing world.
The US withdrew from the compulsory jurisdiction of the court in 1986
when it ruled that the United States’ covert war with Nicaragua was
violating the international law. Since then, the United States accepts
the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice on case by case
basis only.
United Nations Security Council is authorized by chapter XIV of United
Nations Charter to enforce the rulings of the court. However, the
enforcement is subjected to veto power of five members who are
permanent to the council. The United States used this veto power in its
case with Nicaragua.

2. International Court of Justice comprises of fifteen judges. The judges
are elected to serve a nine-year’s term by the United Nations Security
Council and the United nations General Assembly. The judges are
picked from a list of experts that national groups in Permanent Court of
Arbitration nominate. Article 4 to 19 of the court’s statute set out the
election process.
To ensure continuity in the court, judges are elected after three years.
If a judge dies while in office, a special election is held to choose a judge
who will complete the remaining period of the term. The court cannot
have two judges who are nationals of one country.
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