This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow and explains how Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. It describes different types of exceptions like compile-time errors, runtime errors, checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. The key aspects of exception handling mechanism are to find the problem, inform of the error, receive error information and take corrective actions. The document provides examples of exception handling code and explains concepts like multiple catch blocks and finally block.
This chapter discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exceptions as undesirable events detectable during program execution. Try/catch blocks are used to handle exceptions, where code that may trigger exceptions is placed in a try block and catch blocks specify the exception type and contain handling code. Catch blocks are checked in order to handle matching exceptions. The chapter covers built-in C++ exception classes and creating custom exception classes, as well as rethrowing, stack unwinding, and different techniques for exception handling.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms - the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch exceptions using rescue, ensure, raise, catch, and throw clauses. Specific examples are provided to illustrate typical usage of these exception handling techniques in Ruby.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms - the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch exceptions using rescue, ensure, raise, catch, and throw clauses. The document provides examples and concludes that exception handling is essential for managing errors in object-oriented code.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow and explains how Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. It describes different types of exceptions like compile-time errors, runtime errors, checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. The key aspects of exception handling mechanism are to find the problem, inform of the error, receive error information and take corrective actions. The document provides examples of exception handling code and explains concepts like multiple catch blocks and finally block.
This chapter discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exceptions as undesirable events detectable during program execution. Try/catch blocks are used to handle exceptions, where code that may trigger exceptions is placed in a try block and catch blocks specify the exception type and contain handling code. Catch blocks are checked in order to handle matching exceptions. The chapter covers built-in C++ exception classes and creating custom exception classes, as well as rethrowing, stack unwinding, and different techniques for exception handling.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms - the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch exceptions using rescue, ensure, raise, catch, and throw clauses. Specific examples are provided to illustrate typical usage of these exception handling techniques in Ruby.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms - the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch exceptions using rescue, ensure, raise, catch, and throw clauses. The document provides examples and concludes that exception handling is essential for managing errors in object-oriented code.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines the exception hierarchy and describes checked and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally to handle exceptions. Key points covered include using multiple catch blocks to handle different exception types, nested try blocks, and displaying exception descriptions. Exception handling allows fixing errors, preventing program termination, and improving robustness.
An exception is an error condition or unexpected behavior encountered during program execution. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, the catch block handles the exception if it occurs, and the finally block contains cleanup code that always executes. Common .NET exception classes include ArgumentException, NullReferenceException, and IndexOutOfRangeException. Exceptions provide a standard way to handle runtime errors in programs and allow the programmer to define specific behavior in error cases.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
Exceptions are a powerful mechanism for centralized processing of errors and exceptional situations. This mechanism replaces the procedure-oriented method of error handling in which each function returns a code indicating an error or a successful execution.
Ch-1_5.pdf this is java tutorials for allHayomeTakele
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that occur during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. It describes different types of exceptions like checked, unchecked, and errors. It explains concepts like exception handling syntax using try, catch, finally blocks to maintain program flow. It provides examples to demonstrate exception handling and resolving exceptions in catch blocks.
1. Exception handling separates error-handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust.
2. There are two main types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be caught or declared, and unchecked exceptions which do not typically need to be caught.
3. The try-catch block is used to catch exceptions, where code after the try is run inside a try block and any matching exceptions are caught and handled in corresponding catch blocks.
The document discusses event handling and exceptions in Java. It covers event-driven programming, event classes, listeners, and delegation models. It also covers exception handling, common exception types like IOException and NullPointerException, using try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, and best practices for exception handling in Java programs.
The document discusses exception handling in Ruby programming. It begins with an introduction to exception handling and why it is important. Then it covers the main concepts of exception handling in Ruby, including raise, rescue, ensure, retry and else. It also discusses some caveats and guidelines for exception handling, such as only using exceptions for truly unexpected situations and avoiding exception abuse.
Exception handling in C++ provides a standard mechanism for processing errors. Exceptions indicate problems during a program's execution and exception handling allows a program to continue running or notify the user of problems. The key components are try blocks for code that could cause exceptions, catch handlers to handle specific exceptions, and stack unwinding to search for exception handlers up the call stack if an exception is not caught. Derived exception classes enable related errors to be caught together under a base class.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It also references Van Gogh's mental illness and the darkness in his soul. The poem suggests that although Van Gogh's contemporaries did not understand or appreciate his art when he was alive, his talent is recognized now through his iconic paintings.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines the exception hierarchy and describes checked and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally to handle exceptions. Key points covered include using multiple catch blocks to handle different exception types, nested try blocks, and displaying exception descriptions. Exception handling allows fixing errors, preventing program termination, and improving robustness.
An exception is an error condition or unexpected behavior encountered during program execution. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, the catch block handles the exception if it occurs, and the finally block contains cleanup code that always executes. Common .NET exception classes include ArgumentException, NullReferenceException, and IndexOutOfRangeException. Exceptions provide a standard way to handle runtime errors in programs and allow the programmer to define specific behavior in error cases.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
Exceptions are a powerful mechanism for centralized processing of errors and exceptional situations. This mechanism replaces the procedure-oriented method of error handling in which each function returns a code indicating an error or a successful execution.
Ch-1_5.pdf this is java tutorials for allHayomeTakele
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that occur during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. It describes different types of exceptions like checked, unchecked, and errors. It explains concepts like exception handling syntax using try, catch, finally blocks to maintain program flow. It provides examples to demonstrate exception handling and resolving exceptions in catch blocks.
1. Exception handling separates error-handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust.
2. There are two main types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be caught or declared, and unchecked exceptions which do not typically need to be caught.
3. The try-catch block is used to catch exceptions, where code after the try is run inside a try block and any matching exceptions are caught and handled in corresponding catch blocks.
The document discusses event handling and exceptions in Java. It covers event-driven programming, event classes, listeners, and delegation models. It also covers exception handling, common exception types like IOException and NullPointerException, using try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, and best practices for exception handling in Java programs.
The document discusses exception handling in Ruby programming. It begins with an introduction to exception handling and why it is important. Then it covers the main concepts of exception handling in Ruby, including raise, rescue, ensure, retry and else. It also discusses some caveats and guidelines for exception handling, such as only using exceptions for truly unexpected situations and avoiding exception abuse.
Exception handling in C++ provides a standard mechanism for processing errors. Exceptions indicate problems during a program's execution and exception handling allows a program to continue running or notify the user of problems. The key components are try blocks for code that could cause exceptions, catch handlers to handle specific exceptions, and stack unwinding to search for exception handlers up the call stack if an exception is not caught. Derived exception classes enable related errors to be caught together under a base class.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It also references Van Gogh's mental illness and the darkness in his soul. The poem suggests that although Van Gogh's contemporaries did not understand or appreciate his art when he was alive, his talent is recognized now through his iconic paintings.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he saw no hope, he took his own life, as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms which include the Exception class hierarchy, raising exceptions with raise, and handling exceptions with rescue blocks. Finally, it briefly covers catch/throw clauses which allow continuing execution up the call stack.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It references his mental illness and the darkness in his soul. It suggests that in his final days, when he took his own life, no one understood him but his love was still true.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing shortcomings of traditional error code handling methods. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for managing errors in object-oriented code like Ruby.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It also references Van Gogh's mental illness and the darkness in his soul, and how others did not understand him despite his true love for his art. The poem ends by saying Van Gogh took his own life as lovers often do, but he was too beautiful for this world.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
This document discusses exception handling in Ruby. It begins by explaining why exception handling is needed by describing errors, error codes, and their shortcomings. It then discusses Ruby's exception handling mechanisms, including the Exception class hierarchy, user-defined exceptions, and how to handle, raise, and catch/throw exceptions. Key aspects covered are the rescue and ensure blocks for handling exceptions, and the raise statement for deliberately raising exceptions. The document concludes that exception handling is essential for object-oriented programming.
The document is a poem about the artist Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his paintings of starry nights and colorful landscapes. It also references Van Gogh's mental illness and the darkness in his soul. The poem suggests that although Van Gogh's art was not appreciated in his lifetime, his love of painting was true and his works may be better understood now.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Sample
1. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Joy Menon
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Mumbai.
24 November 2004
2. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
A Brief Outline
Exception Handling: WHY?
Errors and Error Codes
The Need for Exception Handling
Exception Handling in Ruby:
The Exception Class
Exception Class Heirarchy
Handling Exceptions
Raising Exceptions
Catch/Throw Clauses
Conclusions
3. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Exception Handling: WHY?
Errors and Error Codes
Errors and Error Codes
In any programming, occurance of errors is a distinct reality.
Errors need to be handled gracefully to avoid abrupt failures.
Code that detects error may not have context to handle it.
For example, attempting to open a file that doesn’t exist is
acceptable in some circumstances and is a fatal error at other
times. What does the file-handling module do?
Conventionally it was done using error-checking and
return-codes mechanism.
Functions were checked for return values, and if the return
code indicated failure, this code was interpreted and passed
up the call stack.
4. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Exception Handling: WHY?
The Need for Exception Handling
The Need for Exception Handling
However Error-codes mechanism has following shortcomings:
Handling all errors through error codes is simply not possible.
Moving error codes up the function call stack is complicated.
Managing all the error-codes and associated code is tedious.
The Exception Handling mechanism addresses these
shortcomings.
Exceptions allow packaging info about error in an object.
Exception handling helps propagate object up the call stack.
Runtime system locates code that knows to handle the error.
Exception handling is essential for achieving well-designed object
oriented code, and therefore Ruby provides a mechanism for same.
5. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Exception Handling in Ruby
The Exception Class
The Exception Class
As in other object oriented languages, Ruby offers a
mechanism for exception handling.
When an exception occurs..
Object of class Exception, or one of it’s children, created.
Exception is associated to message string & a stack backtrace.
All information about the exception is packaged in this object.
IOError, ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, SystemCallError, etc
are examples of exceptions derived from class Exception.
Ruby predefines a hierarchy of exceptions: see next slide.
7. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
User Defined Exceptions
User-Defined Exception
Users can create exception classes of their own.
These must inherit from class StandardError or its children.
If they dont, such exceptions will not be detected by default.
They may include more specific information about the
exception.
8. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
The basic approach to exception handling involves the use of:
Enclose candidate code in begin/end block.
Use rescue block to handle specific class of exceptions,
where:
Report the error,
Code to handle detected error,
Raise the exception using raise.
Use ensure block to ensure execution of some essential code
after handling, like deallocation of resources such as DB
connections, etc.
We can draw analogies to C++/Java exception handling:
begin/end block for candidate code. (like try block)
rescue blocks for handling code. (like catch blocks)
raise command for raising the exception. (like throw)
ensure command for necessary handling. (like final)
9. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
Example: Using rescue, raise and ensure
10. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
Handling Exceptions (continued..)
Variables
$ refers to the default global variable that stores the exception
object for the exception.
stderrobj is an example of user-defined variable storing the
reference to the exception object.
Matching exceptions to correct rescue block is like the case
statement mechanism,
object.kindof? result compared to exception types in
rescue statements.
11. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
Raising Exceptions
Raising Exceptions
Raising exceptions deliberately in code help to trigger alerts
where errors are expected and need to be handled.
The raise statement can take the following forms:
raise
Raises current exception again, or RuntimeError if none.
raise <message>
Creates new RuntimeError exception, associates it with
mentioned string, and raises the exception up the call stack.
raise <exception class>, <message>, <call stack>
Creates exception with arg-1 used as required exception type,
arg-2 as message string, and arg-3 as stack trace.
12. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
Raising Exceptions
Example: Typical Usage of raise
13. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
The Catch/Throw Clauses
The catch/throw Clauses
The rescue and raise mechanism is thus used for
abandoning execution when unwanted errors occur.
The catch and throw mechanism is used to continue
execution at some point up the call stack.
Working of catch/throw:
catch defines a block with a specific label.
The block is exeuted, typically accross nested functions, till a
throw followed by the label is encountered.
The call stack is then scoured for a catch block with a
matching label.
On a match, Ruby rolls back execution to the point and
terminates the block.
If the throw had an optional 2nd argument, it is returned as
value of the catch block.
14. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
User Defined Exceptions
The Catch/Throw Clauses
Example: Typical usage of catch/throw
15. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Conclusions
Conclusions
Exception Handling is essential for managing errors in
object-oriented code.
The Ruby Exception Handling mechanism includes:
rescue and final clauses - for handling unwanted errors and
exit gracefully.
raise - for deliberately creating and raising exceptions in
code.
catch and throw clause - for continuing execution at some
point up the function call stack.
16. ‘Exception Handling in RUBY’
Conclusions
References
http://www.insula.cz/dali/material/rbycl/.
http://www.ruby-lang.org/.
Dave Thomas and Chad Fowler and Andy Hunt.
Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmers’ Guide.
Pragmatic Bookshelf, Oct 2004.