The document discusses whether the five disciplined services in Hong Kong (Correctional Services Department, Customs and Excise Department, Fire Services Department, Hong Kong Police Force, and Immigration Department) should adopt the same pay scale. It reviews differences in their job roles, work conditions, workloads, and challenges faced. It observes that the Police Force and Fire Services Department face the highest risks and workload. The document concludes that the Police Force should have an independent pay scale due to its job factors and challenges, while other services could have additional allowances. It recommends periodic pay scale reviews, manpower planning, and representation in pay committees.
"Litvakworld" Exploring and preserving the Jewish heritage in Lithuania. Pres...LITVAKWORLD
A non-profit organisation aimed at preserving and collecting educational resources on the Jewish heritage of Lithuania. Elaborating a website for sharing personal memories on Jewish families, originating from former Litvakland (Yiddishland).
"Litvakworld" Exploring and preserving the Jewish heritage in Lithuania. Pres...LITVAKWORLD
A non-profit organisation aimed at preserving and collecting educational resources on the Jewish heritage of Lithuania. Elaborating a website for sharing personal memories on Jewish families, originating from former Litvakland (Yiddishland).
Lelylan, a project that dreams to connect web and domotics transforming my passion in a real project. How to start, what to do as first steps and how to make it real.
Corporate Income Taxation and Firm Efficiency Evidence from a large panel of ...GRAPE
This study tests empirically the hypothesis that corporate income taxes are neutral for firm efficiency. We exploit the fact that the tax definition of cost does not overlap fully with an accounting definition of cost and develop an instrument for taxation which relies on exogenous variation in this overlap. Our sample consists of firm-level data for roughly 20 million firms from over 40 countries over the period of two decades. We show that OLS estimates are strongly biased, yielding a positive correlation between taxation and output/efficiency. Accounting for the endogeneity via instrumenting yields robust negative estimates of the effects of taxation on firm output and efficiency. The results do not depend of firm characteristics, but are heterogeneous across countries: strong negative effects in some countries are accompanied by negligible or zero effects in others.
Lelylan, a project that dreams to connect web and domotics transforming my passion in a real project. How to start, what to do as first steps and how to make it real.
Corporate Income Taxation and Firm Efficiency Evidence from a large panel of ...GRAPE
This study tests empirically the hypothesis that corporate income taxes are neutral for firm efficiency. We exploit the fact that the tax definition of cost does not overlap fully with an accounting definition of cost and develop an instrument for taxation which relies on exogenous variation in this overlap. Our sample consists of firm-level data for roughly 20 million firms from over 40 countries over the period of two decades. We show that OLS estimates are strongly biased, yielding a positive correlation between taxation and output/efficiency. Accounting for the endogeneity via instrumenting yields robust negative estimates of the effects of taxation on firm output and efficiency. The results do not depend of firm characteristics, but are heterogeneous across countries: strong negative effects in some countries are accompanied by negligible or zero effects in others.
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations Pilot Law in San Diego
The presentation states that the responsible people (employers, self-employed and people in control of work premises) is accountable to report serious accidents, occupational diseases and other dangerous occurrences inside the workplace.
“The Culminating Moment”: Capstone
ePortfolios in the Lives of Community College Students
Capstone, LaGuardia Community College
A carousel featuring ePortf olios from the Liberal Arts, Education, Accounting and Engineering will highlight the ways in
which ePortf olio supports students’ integrative learning and
reflection, and facilitates the culmination of their educational experiences at the college as they prepare to transition to a four year college or professional experience.
• Edna Boris, Professor of English
• J. Elizabeth Clark, Professor of English
• Hendrick Delcham, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science
• Janet Michello, Associate Professor of Social Science
• Max Rodriguez, Professor of Education and Language Acquisition
• Carolyn Sterling-Deer, Associate Professor of Education and Language Acquisition
• Angela Wu, Associate Professor of Business and Technology
ERIA Economist Dr Ha Thi Thanh Doan delivered this presentation during the ASEAN-CER Integration Partnership Forum in Da Nang, Viet Nam on 5 April 2018.
A three level disposal site selection criteria system for toxic and hazardous...eSAT Journals
Abstract One of the perennial problems in managing toxic and hazardous wastes (THWs) generated from industrial activities is the final storage and disposal area for such kind of wastes. Due to inadequate land surface disposal facility (LSDF) in the country, waste generators are continually practicing the WHIFFY (we-hide-it-freely-for years) approach; consequently becoming a threat to human health and the environment. Proper site selection for land surface disposal facility requires a consultative process, taking into consideration the various factors that affect the overall siting process towards an effective identification of land to be developed into acceptable and environmentally-safe land surface disposal structures. This paper attempts to establish a three-level site selection system through a participatory approach; and this is validated using survey questionnaire and secondary data. The establishment of a three-level site selection system facilitates the initial disposal siting process which leads to the development of technically, socially, environmentally, and politically acceptable disposal facilities for THWs in the Philippines. This paper also recommends basic guidelines to further support the site selection process with the application of computer-based spatial decision support systems such as Geographic Information System (GIS) as part of the land suitability assessment analysis. Keywords: Toxic And Hazardous Wastes, Disposal Siting, Land Surface Facility, Site Selection, Geographic Information System.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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7. Source: Controlling Officer ’ s Reports (HKSAR Government Estimates) Workload Indicators Correctional Services Department (CSD) 1988 1998 2006 2007 Average daily number of prisoners 9 230 10 066 10 303 9 987 Occupancy rate (%) N/A 115% 108.2% 102.8% Average daily number of prisoners and inmates under re-integration cum supervision schemes N/A 2 001 1 544 1 570 Average daily number of young prisoners and inmates engaged in correctional education N/A 994 820 786 No. of cases under aftercare supervision N/A 3 359 2 748 2 899 No. of psychological counseling and welfare services sessions and visits 34 354 68 727 177 979 171 858
15. Source: Controlling Officer ’ s Reports (HKSAR Government Estimates) Workload Indicators Fire Services Department (FSD) 1988 1998 2006 2007 All fire calls 21 817 37 846 33 268 31 638 Special service calls 13 735 20 813 21 383 22 083 Complaints of imminent fire hazards received 8 639 5 299 4 411 4 345 Fire Hazard Abatement Notices issued in respect of floating obstructions to MOE and locked exits NA 2 721 449 732 Licences renewed / issued (timber stores, dangerous goods stores and dangerous goods vehicles) 585 6 514 6 107 5 989 Fire Hazard Abatement Notices issued (other than floating obstructions to MOE and locked exits) NA 12 432 2 039 2 264 Inspection of fire service installations and equipment 9 657 38 127 86 997 90 889 Inspection of fire safety in hospitals/clinics, schools, child care centres, food premises, places of public entertainment, karaoke establishments, and drug dependent persons treatment and rehabilitation centres NA 31 866 33 959 35 749 Inspection of fire safety in commercial premises and composite buildings 14 418 15 228 Lectures and advisory services given 379 5 236 28 228 30 185 Prosecutions instituted 1 216 540 486 574
23. Source: Controlling Officer ’ s Reports (HKSAR Government Estimates) Workload Indicators Immigration Department (ImmD) 1988 1998 2006 2007 No. of entry visa processed 42 406 89 993 143 943 165 135 No. of visit visa/permit processed NA 423 750 421 031 433 447 Passengers/ vehicles / vessels examined including land, sea and air) 64 028 491 128 470 527 222 093 150 238 406 380 No. of applications for extension of stay 666 555 1 193 272 248 037 274 262 Operations conducted by the Immigration Task Force (including investigation of forgery and illegal migration cases) - 3 448 28 711 30 795 Investigations conducted 24 560 65 746 66 030 58 203 Offenders prosecuted 4 914 24 887 15 365 11 037 Torture claim cases received - - 514 1 583 Identity cards and certificates of registered particulars issued 1 489 553 554 278 527 063 597 868 Identity cards issued under the territory-wide identity card replacement exercise NA NA 1 521 272 524 491 Verification of eligibility of permanent identify card application NA 89 770 63 729 61 428 Birth/death/marriage/adoption certificates issued 147 536 106 856 121 675 126 184 No. of applications for passport 203 416 423 048 496 736 538 723 Requests for assistance by Hong Kong residents in distress outside Hong Kong and by their family members NA 570 1 818 1 474 Telephone calls received and made via ‘1868’ hotline NA NA 110 148 105 313
24.
25. Comparison on Service Conditions / Job & Special Factors of Five Disciplined Services Source : Report on the Grade Structure Review of the Disciplined Services
26. Job / Special Factors / Conditions C&E CSD FSD ImmD HKPF Establishment (Disciplined grade)@ 4 536 5 940 8 720 5 035 27 551 Starting salary * $13,860 $14,275 $14,275 $14,275 $16,160 Ordinance under which it Operates Customs & Excise Service (Cap.342) Prisoners (Cap.234) Fire Services (Cap.95) Immigration Service (Cap.331) Police Force (Cap. 232) Conditioned Hours of Work 51 49 54 44 48 Disruption to family /social life Shift Duty Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Work on festive seasons / PHs No No No Yes Yes Weight of gear carried for duty - - 30 kg - 6 kg Exposure to danger Unpredictable situations involving risk of physical injury (Level) Yes (Medium) Yes (Medium) Yes (High) Yes (Medium) Yes (High) Outdoor duty in bad weather conditions No No Yes No Yes Secondary Duty No No No No Yes Restriction on taking part in trade union or political activities Only directorate officers Only directorate officers Only directorate officers Only directorate officers Yes
27.
28. Pay Arrangements in Overseas Countries Source : Review of Civil Service Pay Police and System – Phase One Final Report, Appendix A C = pay arrangement same as other civil servants D = treated as Disciplined Services with separate pay arrangement from other civil servants. Country Equivalent Department Australia Canada New Zealand Singapore United Kingdom Correctional Services Department D C C C D Police D C C C D Fire Services Department D D D C D Customs and Exercise Department C D C C C Immigration Department C C C C C