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Saint Michael and All Angels Disciple's Class Judaism presentation 101 2014
- 1. Judaism Disciples Class November 23, 2014
- 2. Judaism • Judaism is the ancient religion of the Hebrew people of Palestine • Can you name the most famous Jew?
- 3. How Old? This is the Year 5,775 1,812 BC: Covenant with Abraham Established 1,200 BC: Moses Receives the Torah 1,029 BC: Kingdom of Israel Formed ???— Christianity begins
- 4. An OLD Religion, Small Population • One of the oldest monotheistic religions • Oldest to survive into the present day • In 2012, the world Jewish population was 13.75 million – 0.2% of the total world population. • Mostly in US (39.5%) and Israel (42.9%) • How many Christians are there? Source: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
- 5. The Principal Text: 5 Books of Moses • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy • Read in an annual cycle, starting in autumn • Start at the beginning and read a selection each week. • Starts with: ??? • Ends with Moses just before the Israelites enter the Promised Land.
- 6. Key Holidays • Rosh Hashonah – “Head of the year”, in fall • Yom Kippur – “Day of Atonement” • Hanukkah – Festival of lights • Passover – Story of Exodus, Seder meals – Most famous early seder?
- 7. Other Concepts • Synagogue • Sabbath • Reform/Conservative/Orthodox • Israel • Holocaust • Let’s discuss: – Symbols/language – Kosher – Kippah (aka yarmulke) – Bar/Bat Mitzvah
- 8. Symbols/Language • Star/Shield of David – 11th century • Hebrew – Shalom
- 9. Kosher, What is it??? • Dietary rules • Certain forbidden foods – No “cloven hoof” animals . . .NO pig • Certain foods must be separated – No milk with meat. . . No ham and cheese • Have to be killed a certain way • Separate utensils and dishes • Certification • WHY? (not always clear)
- 10. Kippah (aka Yarmulke) • Why Do Jews Wear Kippot? – Not a religious commandment, but. . . • Part of Jewish law, for prayer – A custom associated with Jewish identity – Covering one’s head is “yirat shamayim” ("reverence for God“) – May come from the Middle Age custom of covering one's head in the presence of royalty.
- 11. Bar/Bat Mitzvah • Bar/Bat Mitzvah – "son/daughter of commandment“ in Aramaic/ Hebrew • Refers to two things: – When a boy/girl comes of age at 13 he/she becomes a "bar/bat mitzvah" • Having the same rights (and responsibilities) as a full grown man/woman. – Also refers to the religious ceremony • Reads the Torah
- 12. Judaism and Christianity • Many similarities, primarily because Christianity emerged from Judaism. • Both founded in Palestine • Both study the old testament/sages • Overlapping liturgy • Common ancestors: ??? • 10 Commandments! • Hillel (110 BC to 10 AD) • "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow.” (Sound familiar?)
- 13. Key Differences • Monotheism • Both believe in one God, but. . . • Jews: God is indivisible • Christians: ??? • Messiah – Both believe in the coming of the Messiah, but. . . – Jews: the Messiah has not yet come. – Christians: ??? • Bible – Jews: “Old” testament – Christians: ???
- 14. Other Comparisons History & Stats Christianity Judaism founders & early leaders Jesus, Peter, Paul Abraham, Moses original languages Aramaic and Greek Hebrew major locations Europe, North and today South America Europe, Israel, North America adherents worldwide today 2 billion 14 million adherents in USA 159 million 5.6 million current size rank largest 12th largest major branches Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant Orthodox, Conservative, Reform
- 15. . . . And in conclusion • Common roots • Separated over time • Beliefs have evolved • Peaceful coexistence (in this era)
- 16. Symbols כָּ שֵׁר
- 17. Hanukah/Hanukkah/Chanukah Primer • First Hanukah occurred 164/165 BC – Occurred while at war. . . .with the Syrians • In 175 BC Antiochus of the Syrians became king – Declared himself incarnation of Zeus – Required all subjects to worship Zeus • Bad news for the Jews – Turned temple in Jerusalem into shrine to Zeus – Jews put to death for observing faith
- 18. Hanukah/Hanukkah/Chanukah Primer • Mattathias the Hasmonean revolted – Had 5 sons, including Judah Maccabee – Antiochus sent four armies to crush the resistance • All were defeated by Judah and his band • Judah rededicated the temple on the 25th of Kislev • Miracle of Hanukah – Temple flame lit by olive oil (8 day journey to replenish) – Found a jug for one day, that lasted 8 days