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This document discusses accelerating and promoting the use of free and open source software (FOSS) in Africa. It defines FOSS and outlines some of the challenges to its adoption. It highlights the huge potential of the African continent given its large and youthful population. It provides examples of concrete FOSS experiences and projects in various African countries. It also examines trends in FOSS adoption by companies, focusing on cost reduction being less of a main criteria now and examples of migrations from proprietary to FOSS solutions. The document aims to show how governments can help promote greater FOSS use.
Sa foss convention_april10-1
- 1. Accelerating and promoting the use of FOSS in Africa Yves MIEZAN EZO IT Systems Urbanization Consultant CHALA Project Manager ISOC France Administrator
- 2. Sommaire 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3. Great experience and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 3. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Great experience and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 4. FOSS Definition • FOSS is defined following the principles of freedom • a matter to use freedom to • run, • copy, • distribute, • study, • change, • improve the software FOSS is not a freeware or a shareware
- 5. Like 4 like Type of Type of software Proprietary FOSS Proprietary FOSS software Linux, Ubuntu, MS Office, Windows, Operating Redhat, Star Office, OOo, Koffice, MacOS, Sun Office Suite systems Mandriva, Lotus Notes, … Solaris, … OpenSolaris.. … . MySQL, Oracle, SQL PostgreSQL, Web server IIS Apache Database Server, EnterpriseDB, Informix, … … Firefox, IE, Proxy ISA Squid Browser Safari, Netscape,... Konqueror,... IPTable, Microsoft ISA, Qmail, Exim, Security Snort, Mail server Exchange, Checkpoint,... Sendmail,... IPFIlter, … Groupwise, … Norton, Thunderbrid, Outlook, CC Antivirus McAfee, ClamaV, Mail client Kmail, Mail Kaspersky Evolution, … Mitigating Financial Crisis with OSS IGF 2009
- 6. Challenges 1.FOSS started from an obscure, unknown position in comparison to proprietary software 2. FOSS freedom principles mitigates a clear business model / revenue stream 3. Perceptions and attitudes against FOSS and its use 4. Explicit lack of political will 5. Infrastructure and access remains a major challenge
- 7. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Great experience and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 8. The huge africanpotentiel ➢70% of the worldwide population lives in developping courntries + de 5 billions people ➢ In ➢ ➢ China, Pakistan, Nigeria, ➢ Bangladesh, Indonésie, Inde ➢ 45% of this population is 15 years old or less 44% of them lives in Africa ➢
- 9. The huge africanpotentiel ➢ Huge increase of the NTIC activities ➢ Ex : The mobile phone penetration rate goes from 3,6% in 2006 to 8% in 2007... ➢ The UN axes its social and economic policy in Reasearch and edcuation ➢ Capacity builind policy based on the Millenium goals
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- 12. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Great experience and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 13. Concrete experiences and projects ➢ Several public and private initiatives to develop actions aiming to reach the millenium goals and reducing the numerci gap ➢ FOSS strategies in Tunisia, South Africa, Vietnam, Brazil, … ➢ Infrastructure and acces strategic policies in Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, ,... ➢ ➢ ➢ Ressources Éducatives Libres : more than 4500 GFDL (GNU Free ➢ Documentation Licence), coming from 350 University. ➢ Campus numériques in more than 60 countries (Burundi, Haiti, Bulgarie, Moldavie, Maroc, Algérie, Madagascar, Comores, Cambodge, Vanuatu, ...)
- 14. Concrete experiences and projects ➢ Business consortium ➢ CHALA Club des Hommes et femmes d'Affaires du Libre en Afrique ➢ FOSSFA – Free and Open Source Software Foundation for Africa ➢ Users consortium ➢ AAUL – Panafrican FOSS Association ➢ The CJK Initiative China, Japan and Korea Consotrium ➢ Software Livre – Latin american consortium ➢ Initiatives politiques ➢ GovWiFi, Digital 21 strategy – Hong Kong : the whole free wifi city ➢ Seneclic – Senegal : reducing the numeric gap by FOSS based educative equipment ➢ Linux Educacional 2.0 – Brazil : 54 000 research laboratoies computers and servers on GNU/Debian KDE
- 15. Concrete projects ➢ Akwaba (Côte d'Ivoire) ➢ The proprietary billing program of the regional ISP ran off ➢ The editor told the ISP it will take 1 month to solve the problem ➢ The IT manager raise his own team to develop another billing software, based on LAMP in less than a month ➢ Akwaba is now used in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Niger...instaed of the former proprietary software OpenYalim (Mali) ➢ • OpenYaLIM is an Open Source software build to provide medical diagnosis to remote area in development countries. This software is developped by IDC SARL (www.idcmali.com) • It provides recording of the patient file and pictures, dispatchs the file via Internet to the specialist, and, after the interpretation of exams, returns reports to the former hospital • http://www.openyalim.org/news.php
- 16. Concrete projects RIF – Ressources Internet Francophone ➢ Panafrican FOSS mirrors sites ➢ The project is born in 2001, created by IFN, IRD, AAUL and CHALA ➢ The goal : ➢ Ensure local FOSS download, by using the national or regional Internet instead of using the international one ➢ 5 countries : • Burkina Faso, • Cameroon, • Côte d’Ivoire, • Madagascar • Mali ➢ IT infrastructure base in local campus with a high broadband and huge datacenter
- 17. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Concrete experiences and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 18. FOSS Adoption trend • Apache : 54% penetration rate • Database : 43% • Operating systems : 23% • Supervision / Hypervison : 51% • Security : 46% • Desktop : 18% 18
- 19. FOSS Adoption trend Reducing costs is no longer the main criteria 19
- 20. FOSS Adption trend 32 CPU install and + 16 CPU / year (eq. To 80 CPU after 4 6 biproc (dual core) servers eq. to 12 CPU. Illimited users and years). perpetual licence. BEA WebLogic Premium : 14 000 € per CPU and 21 % support and maintenance with 30 % discount on licences and the 1st year of support. 20
- 21. FOSS Adoption trend J2EE + Database stack Oracle migration to EnterpriseDB 21
- 22. FOSS Adoption trend 33% 8% Non mature offer 17% Support and Maintenance Security Availability of ressources Risky development 25% 17% Main fears 22
- 23. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Concrete experiences and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 24. Costs Benefit Analysis– Big one • French Finance Ministry (2003) Weblogic → Jboss migration : 21 m€ to 3 m€ (3 years licences & support) • Hard distributor - Aix/Websphere to Linux/Jboss migration : server costs divided by 7 • French Bank - Oracle to OSS database : 19 k€ / CPU for Oracle compared to 100 k€ for unlimited PostgreSQL servers • French Parliament : Linux Desktop → <150 € / year 24
- 25. Cost Benefit Analysis– Small enterprise • Small Enterprise • Marketing – 5 Staff • Finance – 10 staff • Common – 7 Staff • Production 50 • Total: 72 staff
- 26. Cost Benefit Analysis •Typical Enterprise Needs • Desktop Resources • Operating System • Office Applications • Business application/ERP (not included in this study) • Network Resources • Login and authentication • File sharing • Messaging and Groupware • Relational Database Engine
- 27. Cost Benefit Analysis Proprietary Software – Microsoft Function Product No Lic Unit Amount/USD Price/USD Desktop Operating System Windows 7 (upg) 75 200 15000 Office Applications MS Office 2007 (Upg) 75 239 17929 Authentication and File/Print windows server 2008 (CAL) 75 29 2175 Server Groupware and Messaging Microsoft Exchange Enterprise 50 3970 2010 Microsoft Exchange Enterprise 25 41 1025 2010 CAL Enterprise Database Server MS SQL Server Enterprise 2008 75 8420 TOTAL INVESTMENT 48,515
- 28. Cost Benefit Analysis FOSS Function Product No Lic Unit Amount/USD Price /USD Desktop Operating System Ubuntu Desktop Office Applications OpenOffice Authentication and File/Print Server Ubuntu Server Groupware and Messaging eGroupware + Cyrus Imap Enterprise Database Server MySQL 6.0 TOTAL INVESTMENT
- 29. Cost Benefit Analysis Related Costs • Implementation • Training • Support and Maintenance For Open Source, the above costs could potentially be higher depending on the availability of skills The cost of ownership may be appreciated on a short period depending on the fit between your need and your independance
- 30. Cost Benefit Analysis Related Costs Estimates (Europe) Proprietary/USD Open Source/Euros Implementation 10,000 12,000 10,000 15,000 Training 5,000 – 6,000 5,000 Annual Support and 4,000 3,000 Maintenance
- 31. 1. Definitions 2. The huge african continent potential 3.Concrete experiences and projects 4. FOSS adoption trend within companies 5. Cases studies 6. How governments may help FOSS promotion
- 32. How governments mayhelp FOSS • Several government initiatives do exist : • Open Source, Open Standards and Re-Use: Government Action Plan in Great Britain (2009) : Using OpenSource each time it gives a better « quality/price » advantage • Instructions for IT Services in Brazil (2009) : an application list that the state IT services are obliged to use because the efficiency has been proved. This list contains the e-learning module « e-Proinfo », developped by the brazilian Education Ministry, Plone or Zope. • FOSS national strategy in Tunisia (since 2006) : an incitative policy to adopt FOSS. • ISP FOSS Web servers : 73% • ISP FOSS mail server : 99% • ISP FOSS databases : 36% • Administration IT staff certified in FOSS : 151 (on 1594)
- 33. How governments mayhelp FOSS • In South Africa : • 2007 : Announcement of a national FOSS adoption strategy • Creation of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the State Information Technology Agency (Sita) • Government Open Source Software Resource Center (GOV-OSS-RC) www.gossrc.org • The African Virtual Open Initiatives and Resources (AVOIR) • Capacity building in software engineering ; Partnership of 13 African Universities in an alliance that includes North America, Europe, and Afghanistan • The Linux Professional Institute (LPI) in South Africa with official LPI Training Partner. The LPI qualifications are an internationally recognised Linux industry certification.
- 34. How governments mayhelp FOSS • All these initiatives have to be recognized and applauzed • But FOSS promotion begins with Education of choice • In school, with FOSS and non FOSS • In IT schools with specialisation degrees and diploma • And with affirmation of the stakes • Reducing the numeric gap doesn't mean doing the same as the neighbourgs • Local initiative is the key
- 35. How governments mayhelp FOSS • Create, optimize and implement national IT training plans for teachers • Sharing and capitalizing on available expertises-countries • Promote available education means • Including in other field such as Literacy tuition, Hygiene Health, Agriculture,..;) • Encourage creation of strategies of mutualisation of the means of education at sub-regional, regional and interAfricain levels • Create in every state, a « TIC for development » department, working and supporting IT programs as the priority development policy • Ministry of Education will lead as Ministries of Health, Agriculture, Economy and Finances, Industry, Energy, Telecommunications, the Equipment will have vocation to be part of the global program.
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