Running head: ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN 1
ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN 3
Origins of Language and Language and the Brain
Name:
Institution:
Date:
Introduction
Social Cognition in Apes
Arguably, the human pointing behavior significantly differs from that of ape. The differentiation manifests itself in certain ways. First, the human pointing behavior indicates that individuals hold on the ability to encode the universal system of gestures. On the contrary, the ape pointing behavior lacks the ability to encode the universal system of gestures. As a result, apes are unable to understand various crucial aspects closely related to their social cognition. For instance, due to their inability, apes are unable to understand the language and sign language of others. More so, apes are unable to comprehend the intention of others to both act in certain specific ways as well as communicate with them. It is for these reasons that when a human tends to reach for a bucket that contains a treat, the ape is more likely to reach unlike when an individual points on the bucket , as a way to signal the presence and location of the treat.
Similarly, the joint attention of humans differs from that of apes. Joint attention which is also known as shared attention refers to the shared focus of specifically two individuals on a certain object. Joint attention is achieved whenever an individual alert the other to an object through either by pointing, use of verbal or non-verbal indications or eye-gazing. Joint attention in humans differs from apes, especially on the account that the later are unable to understand the sign language of others. As such, in apes, joint attention is ineffective and when present, it encounters varying challenges, unlike in humans. The effectiveness of joint attention arises on the account that they hold the capability to comprehend the sign language of others, and two individuals are able to share the focus on a certain object with minimal challenges.
The above differences are likely to exits due to their encoding capabilities to the universal language. Despite apes and humans belonging to the primate group, the two have varying encoding capabilities to the universal language, inclusive of the sign language and universal system of gestures. It is for this reason that while the humans are able to encode the universal system of gestures the apes are unable to do so. As a result, humans are able to understand the sign language of each other while apes are unable. These differences tend to narrow down and explain the possibility of apes being unable to comprehend the intention of their members and communicate with each other.
Acquisition
Exposing deaf children to sign language at an early age has various benefits. First, doing so helps in providing deal children with the best ever chance of successful language acquisition. Supportively, in a contemporary research on the benefits ...
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Making Every Word and .docxdickonsondorris
Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication: Making Every
Word and Gesture Matter
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, readers will explore the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication. By
the end of this chapter, readers will be able to
• Define verbal communication and understand the history and functions of language
• Define nonverbal communication and discuss its functions
• Describe the various types of nonverbal communication that can be used in interpersonal
interactions
• Explain how verbal and nonverbal communication have evolved in the digital age
• Use strategies to strengthen verbal and nonverbal communication competence
4
Jose Luis Pelaez/Iconica/Getty Images
Introduction Chapter 4
Introduction
Janelle has been dealing with acne for years, but she is becoming increasingly frustrated and
upset about being an adult who still struggles with pimples. It is her first visit with Dr. Abraham,
a dermatologist, and she is nervous as she waits in the exam room. When Dr. Abraham enters
about 10 minutes later, he reads Janelle’s file. He does not make eye contact with her or shake
her hand, though he does offer a perfunctory, “Hello, how are you? I’m Dr. Abraham.” Janelle is
immediately put off by Dr. Abraham’s indifferent introduction, which frustrates her even further.
He asks her a few brief questions, writes down her answers, and performs a quick examination of
her skin. In a wavering voice, Janelle responds to Dr. Abraham’s questions but keeps her eyes fixed
on the floor. After about five minutes, Dr. Abraham suggests she use two prescriptions, which she
can collect from the nurse at the front desk, and return in five weeks for a follow-up appointment.
Almost as an afterthought, he asks Janelle if she has any questions. Janelle whispers, “No, thank
you,” and is barely able to hold back her tears of disappointment.
Have you ever had an awkward or frustrating encounter such as this? Perhaps you focused on
your own and the doctor’s verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to better understand
the situation. As you learned earlier in this text, whenever people communicate, they attempt to
share meaning by encoding messages in symbols and by decoding or interpreting the symbols
used by others. These symbols may be verbal, consisting of words in oral or written forms such
as Dr. Abraham’s greeting and Janelle’s answers to his questions. Symbols can also be nonverbal
messages such as the tone or volume of your voice, your facial expressions, touching others, use
of personal space or distance, and body movement and gestures. Janelle’s soft and wavering voice,
Dr. Abraham’s lack of eye contact, and even the time Janelle spends waiting for the doctor are all
examples of nonverbal communication.
When you communicate with others, your attention is not only focused on the words that are
said but also on the characteristics of the other communicator’s voice, his or her body language
and physical distan ...
This is a power point Project showing the amazing "powers of language". Without language, how could we communicate?, without language what would our personality look like? therefore it is important to realize that language is actually a gift given to us by GOD, and we should be grateful for this amazing gift!!!
Enjoy the power point project!!!
Overheard from a student before class I’ve had it with all this c.docxgerardkortney
Overheard from a student before class: I’ve had it with all this cultural diversity and gender stuff. It seems like every textbook in every class is obsessed with it. My music appreciation class is trying to force the music of other cultures down my throat. What’s wrong with Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms? In English lit, all we’re reading is stuff by people from different countries. And it seems my history prof talks only about obscure people I’ve never heard of before. I’m tired of all this politically correct nonsense. I mean, we’re all Americans, aren’t we? We’re not going off to live in Africa, China, or India. Why don’t they just teach us what we need to know and cut all this diversity garbage? Have you heard this kind of sentiment expressed before? Perhaps you’ve encountered such a “diversity backlash” among some of your classmates, or you may harbor this attitude yourself. Some people may find it unsettling that school curricula and textbooks have increased their focus on issues of culture and gender differences. But these changes are not motivated by an irrational desire to be politically correct. We’ll see in this chapter that they are taking place because diversity is increasing in the United States and many other parts of the world. School textbooks and courses are reflecting the change, not initiating it. To live comfortably in the 21st century, we must learn ways to appreciate and understand human differences rather than ignore them, suffer because of them, or wish they would disappear. One of life’s unprofound principles with profound implications for human communication is this: We each have different backgrounds and experiences.1 Your employers, teachers, religious leaders, best friends, or romantic partners may have grown up with cultural traditions different from your own. And the not-so-startling fact that people are different from one another provides the context for discussion of our final Communication Principle for a Lifetime: Effective communicators appropriately adapt their messages to others. Figure 6.1 presents our now-familiar model, which includes this final principle of appropriately adapting messages to others. Figure 6.1 Communication Principles for a Lifetime We introduce this principle last because often people learn how to adapt only after they have learned the other communication principles. Being able to adapt to others requires a relatively sophisticated understanding of the communication process. The ability to adapt suggests that you already have a sense of who you are and a consciousness of the presence of others—self-awareness and other-awareness, the components of the first principle we presented.2 Studies in developmental communication suggest that the ability to appropriately adapt our behavior to others evolves after we have become aware that there is a “me,” after we have learned to use verbal and nonverbal symbols to communicate, and after we have developed an ability to hear and listen to others,.
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Making Every Word and .docxdickonsondorris
Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication: Making Every
Word and Gesture Matter
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, readers will explore the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication. By
the end of this chapter, readers will be able to
• Define verbal communication and understand the history and functions of language
• Define nonverbal communication and discuss its functions
• Describe the various types of nonverbal communication that can be used in interpersonal
interactions
• Explain how verbal and nonverbal communication have evolved in the digital age
• Use strategies to strengthen verbal and nonverbal communication competence
4
Jose Luis Pelaez/Iconica/Getty Images
Introduction Chapter 4
Introduction
Janelle has been dealing with acne for years, but she is becoming increasingly frustrated and
upset about being an adult who still struggles with pimples. It is her first visit with Dr. Abraham,
a dermatologist, and she is nervous as she waits in the exam room. When Dr. Abraham enters
about 10 minutes later, he reads Janelle’s file. He does not make eye contact with her or shake
her hand, though he does offer a perfunctory, “Hello, how are you? I’m Dr. Abraham.” Janelle is
immediately put off by Dr. Abraham’s indifferent introduction, which frustrates her even further.
He asks her a few brief questions, writes down her answers, and performs a quick examination of
her skin. In a wavering voice, Janelle responds to Dr. Abraham’s questions but keeps her eyes fixed
on the floor. After about five minutes, Dr. Abraham suggests she use two prescriptions, which she
can collect from the nurse at the front desk, and return in five weeks for a follow-up appointment.
Almost as an afterthought, he asks Janelle if she has any questions. Janelle whispers, “No, thank
you,” and is barely able to hold back her tears of disappointment.
Have you ever had an awkward or frustrating encounter such as this? Perhaps you focused on
your own and the doctor’s verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to better understand
the situation. As you learned earlier in this text, whenever people communicate, they attempt to
share meaning by encoding messages in symbols and by decoding or interpreting the symbols
used by others. These symbols may be verbal, consisting of words in oral or written forms such
as Dr. Abraham’s greeting and Janelle’s answers to his questions. Symbols can also be nonverbal
messages such as the tone or volume of your voice, your facial expressions, touching others, use
of personal space or distance, and body movement and gestures. Janelle’s soft and wavering voice,
Dr. Abraham’s lack of eye contact, and even the time Janelle spends waiting for the doctor are all
examples of nonverbal communication.
When you communicate with others, your attention is not only focused on the words that are
said but also on the characteristics of the other communicator’s voice, his or her body language
and physical distan ...
This is a power point Project showing the amazing "powers of language". Without language, how could we communicate?, without language what would our personality look like? therefore it is important to realize that language is actually a gift given to us by GOD, and we should be grateful for this amazing gift!!!
Enjoy the power point project!!!
Overheard from a student before class I’ve had it with all this c.docxgerardkortney
Overheard from a student before class: I’ve had it with all this cultural diversity and gender stuff. It seems like every textbook in every class is obsessed with it. My music appreciation class is trying to force the music of other cultures down my throat. What’s wrong with Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms? In English lit, all we’re reading is stuff by people from different countries. And it seems my history prof talks only about obscure people I’ve never heard of before. I’m tired of all this politically correct nonsense. I mean, we’re all Americans, aren’t we? We’re not going off to live in Africa, China, or India. Why don’t they just teach us what we need to know and cut all this diversity garbage? Have you heard this kind of sentiment expressed before? Perhaps you’ve encountered such a “diversity backlash” among some of your classmates, or you may harbor this attitude yourself. Some people may find it unsettling that school curricula and textbooks have increased their focus on issues of culture and gender differences. But these changes are not motivated by an irrational desire to be politically correct. We’ll see in this chapter that they are taking place because diversity is increasing in the United States and many other parts of the world. School textbooks and courses are reflecting the change, not initiating it. To live comfortably in the 21st century, we must learn ways to appreciate and understand human differences rather than ignore them, suffer because of them, or wish they would disappear. One of life’s unprofound principles with profound implications for human communication is this: We each have different backgrounds and experiences.1 Your employers, teachers, religious leaders, best friends, or romantic partners may have grown up with cultural traditions different from your own. And the not-so-startling fact that people are different from one another provides the context for discussion of our final Communication Principle for a Lifetime: Effective communicators appropriately adapt their messages to others. Figure 6.1 presents our now-familiar model, which includes this final principle of appropriately adapting messages to others. Figure 6.1 Communication Principles for a Lifetime We introduce this principle last because often people learn how to adapt only after they have learned the other communication principles. Being able to adapt to others requires a relatively sophisticated understanding of the communication process. The ability to adapt suggests that you already have a sense of who you are and a consciousness of the presence of others—self-awareness and other-awareness, the components of the first principle we presented.2 Studies in developmental communication suggest that the ability to appropriately adapt our behavior to others evolves after we have become aware that there is a “me,” after we have learned to use verbal and nonverbal symbols to communicate, and after we have developed an ability to hear and listen to others,.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario out.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count fo.docxjeanettehully
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count for each question. Due in 6 hours TODAY! Please include all references if necessary.
Week One DQ1
Week One DQ3
To clarify... these ratios are part of the DuPont model, and the DuPont model considers liquidity as one of the factors to be evaluated, but at the end of the day, the DuPont model is all about return on equity... basically getting your money's worth. Given that, what are the elements of liquidity and how do they lead us into the discussion on equity? Why is this important to understand?
.
270w3Respond to the followingStress can be the root cause of ps.docxjeanettehully
270w3
Respond to the following:
Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders.
What life events are most likely to trigger a stress disorder?
Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable
PSYCHOLOGICAL
disorder. What factors determine how a person may be affected by one such event?
What is the link between
PERSONALITY
styles and heart disease?
List and briefly describe four psychological treatments for physical disorders.
.
250 word response. Chicago Style citingAccording to Kluver, what.docxjeanettehully
250 word response. Chicago Style citing
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with endangered languages, and with the readings about the Digital Divide. How do they compare? From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
.
250+ Words – Strategic Intelligence CollectionChoose one of th.docxjeanettehully
250+ Words – Strategic Intelligence Collection
Choose one of the following topics and respond per the Forum guidance:
1) What is the role of the Collection Management function? Does the CIA model work, given that analysts are separated from the National Clandestine Service
--or--
2) Why are some collection methods considered principally strategic, supporting the strategic analysis process? How would you define "strategic intelligence collection?"
.
2–3 pages; APA formatDetailsThere are several steps to take w.docxjeanettehully
2–3 pages; APA format
Details:
There are several steps to take when submitting a claim form to the insurance company for reimbursement. The result of a
clean claim
is proper reimbursement for the services the facility has provided.
In this assignment, you will be addressing the claims submission process and the follow-up.
Include the following in your submission:
List all of the information that is important before the claim can be submitted.
Discuss some of the reasons why a claim may be rejected.
What steps should be taken to check the claim status?
.
250 Word Resoponse. Chicago Style Citing.According to Kluver, .docxjeanettehully
250 Word Resoponse. Chicago Style Citing.
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with our readings last week on endangered languages, and with our readings about the Digital Divide.
How do they compare?
From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
Last weeks reading:
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
“Research and Context for a Theory of Maori Schooling,” Penetito, Jandt pages 173-188
Explore www.endangeredlanguages.com and watch the video at
http://youtu.be/Bn2QbwcjmOI
.
250 word mini essay question.Textbook is Getlein, Mark. Living wi.docxjeanettehully
250 word mini essay question.
Textbook is: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
Please Cite in MLA format.
1. Distinguish between the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods in terms of time and cultural developments.
2. Compare and contrast specific examples of artifacts, practices, and systems of belief.
3.Discuss why art survives or does not. Include the four reasons Getlein cites for how art survives, giving an example of art work from both the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods that meet one of these requirements.
4. What types of art work or materials would not likely survive?
5. How might this affect our opinion of a culture?
.
250 word discussion post--today please. Make sure you put in the dq .docxjeanettehully
250 word discussion post--today please. Make sure you put in the dq that the research paper focused around recent Civil Rights in the Mississppi Area
How do you define Mississippi?
In your post, identify your thesis and the sources you used to prove your argument. Discuss how you came to define Mississippi and what conclusions you made about the state. Make sure to point out the general areas of History that you discuss and what events, people, or ideas were especially important to your interpretation of Mississippi History. What readings, from Bond, Busbee, or another source you found, profoundly influenced your view of the state? Overall, has your view of Mississippi changed or mostly stayed the same? What can we learn about Mississippi today from your paper? Is Mississippi as a "closed society" (Silver, 1964) an accurate way to look at the state? Has this been true at some point in the past, but is no longer true? What time period is most crucial to understanding Mississippi and best defines it?
Some examples of different periods in Mississippi History are:
pre-European Mississippi
colonial Mississippi
territorial Mississippi
antebellum Mississippi
Civil War/Reconstruction Mississippi
Jim Crow Mississippi
Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement
Post Civil Rights Mississippi
.
2By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of househ.docxjeanettehully
2
By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be composed of
·
[removed]
childless married couples and empty nesters
·
[removed]
married couples with children
·
[removed]
single-parent families
·
[removed]
singles living with nonrelatives
3
Which of the following elements of sociocultural environment can be associated with the growing demand for social surrogates like social networking sites, television, and so on?
·
[removed]
Views of nature
·
[removed]
Views of others
·
[removed]
Views of ourselves
·
[removed]
Views of organizations
Wabash Bank would like to understand if there is a relationship between the advertising or promotion it does and the number of new customers the bank gets each quarter. What type of research is this an example of?
·
[removed]
Secondary
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[removed]
Exploratory
·
[removed]
Causal
·
[removed]
Qualitative
5
Which strategy does this exemplify? Kayak and Orbitz provide their customers with a variety of travel options including flight reservations, vacation packages, flight and hotel options with or without car rentals, and cruise offerings.
·
[removed]
Diversification
·
[removed]
Promotional
·
[removed]
Differentiation
·
[removed]
Focus
A company's sales potential would be equal to market potential when which situations exists?
·
[removed]
The marketing expenditure of the company is reduced to zero.
·
[removed]
The company gets 100 percent share of the market.
·
[removed]
Industry marketing expenditures approach infinity for a given marketing environment.
·
[removed]
The market is nonexpandable.
Marketing is considered both an art and a science. How do the 4Ps, or marketing mix, help us bridge the gap between art and science?
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[removed]
Marketing focuses on sales as the primary goal.
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[removed]
Marketing is involved with price as the major factor.
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[removed]
Marketing is about advertising.
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[removed]
Marketing balances the need for data with that of creativity.
In the U.S., consumer expenditures on homes and other large purchases tend to slow down during a recession because
·
[removed]
of steady supply of loanable funds in the economy during recession
·
[removed]
consumer borrowing increases during recession
·
[removed]
of stringent credit policies adopted by the Fed before the onset of recession
·
[removed]
the consumers have a high debt-to-income ratio
Which of the following statements demonstrates behavioral loyalty towards a brand?
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[removed]
Myfavorite Laundry detergent is so easy to use.
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[removed]
I always buy Myfavorite Laundry detergent when purchasing laundry detergent.
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[removed]
My friends agree Myfavorite Laundry detergent is the best.
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[removed]
Myfavorite Laundry detergent smells good.
When Apple introduced iTunes, a new market was opened. Which of the following describes this type of innovation?
·
[removed]
Operational excellence
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[removed]
Value capture
·
[removed]
Presence
·
[removed]
Value chain
11
Which of.
29Answer[removed] That is the house whe.docxjeanettehully
29
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The doctor examined a man whose hands were colder than the rest of
his body.
30
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Mrs. Carnack has a cousin whom she would like us to meet.
31
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Who was the person who won the track meet?
32
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The restaurant where there was music was almost deserted.
33
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Find a boy whose eyes are green.
34
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The tale that was told that night was never forgotten.
35
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose..
250 words discussion not an assignementThe purpose of this discuss.docxjeanettehully
250 words discussion not an assignement
The purpose of this discussion is to gain a more complete awareness of the extent of socio-environmental influences impacting the development of adolescents. Triandis (as cited in Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001) states, "Individualism and collectivism are broadly defined cultural syndromes that encompass a number of elements, including values, norms, goals, and behaviors" (Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001, p. 348).
Consider the audio piece in this unit's studies (also linked in the Resources) that compares two teens' viewpoints of life within their cultural domains. This piece highlights the impact of family, community, and cultural beliefs and values on an individual's development. For your initial post in this discussion, explore these influences by addressing the following questions:
How does exposure to media influence the manner in which adolescents develop?
How does exposure to peers influence development in both systems?
Using the reading from the textbook on risky behaviors, how might adolescents' influences and understanding of risk be different, based on their culture and expectations of self?
The optional reading in this unit's studies may provide additional information to support your post, if you choose to use it.
Response Guidelines
Respond to one learner by supporting his or her analysis of the two teens with additional information you have acquired outside of the textbook. Cite and reference your source with proper APA formatting. Be sure to address concepts in the post and find any similarities in your thinking as well.
Reference
Coon, H. M., Kemmelmeier, M. (2001). Cultural orientations in the United States: (Re)Examining differences among ethnic groups.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32
(3), 348–364. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
.
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it.docxjeanettehully
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it is an operating (O), investing (I) or financing (F) activity on the statement of cash flows. Also, indicate if the transaction increases (+) or decreases (-) cash. 12 points
Transaction Type of Activity Effect on Cash
A) Paid dividends to the owners
B) Purchased equipment by paying cash
C) Issued stock for cash
D) Paid wages to employees
E) Repaid the bank loan
F) Collected cash on account from customers
.
250-word minimum. Must use textbook Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercu.docxjeanettehully
250-word minimum. Must use textbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004 and articles provided. MLA citation.
Levi-Strauss and Hofstede portray culture as a dichotomy. What are the implications of such a dichotomy? How do these variants affect you when you attempt to communicate with other cultures? Likewise, how do these variants affect your audience when you attempt to communicate with them?
.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario o.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis Penetration AnalysisCho.docxjeanettehully
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis / Penetration Analysis
Choose one of the following. The first is insider threat analysis and the other is the threat presented by hostile intelligence operations. Be challenging and show what you know.
Topic 1
Insider threats come from individuals who operate inside friendly intelligence and national security organizations who purposefully set out to cause disruption, destruction, and commit crimes to those ends. Please read
Insider Threat IPT
and
Solving Insider Threat
in the Course Materials Folder. Using the web or the online library choose a high profile case of insider threat (cyber, intelligence, military) and draft a 350 word summary of the case highlighting successes or failures of
analysis
in bringing resolution to the case. What analysis methods can you discern? What do think could have been done differently to improve the analysis?
--or--
Topic 2
Complete reading
Foreign Espionage Threat
and
Observations on the Double Agent
and
Social Courtesy
. In the penetration of a hostile intelligence service analysis is central to identifying, pursuing, and preparing the recruitment of an agent. In 350 words please research the Oleg Penkovsky, Aldritch Ames, or Jonathan Pollard cases. Provide a summary of the role of analysis in the recruitment and running of these agents from the perspective of their handlers (the US/British, Soviet Union, and Israel, respectively). You'll need to conduct additional research on the web or in the online library to help you develop a factual understanding of the case you choose.
.
250 wordsUsing the same company (Bank of America) that you have .docxjeanettehully
250 words
Using the same company (Bank of America) that you have using in previous weeks, please review its cashflow sheet The statement of cash flows is divided into three parts: (1) operational cash flows, (2) financing cash flows, and (3) investment cash flows. Discuss the primary components of each of these sections of the cash flow statement:
Operational cash flows:
Use the direct method, which focuses on the sources of cash and the uses of operating cash such as cash from customers minus cash payment for expenses and payments to creditors.
Financing cash flows:
This should include cash received as the owner’s investment and cash withdrawals by owners.
Investing cash flows:
These include cash from investing activities (in other companies or securities) and any cash paid to make these investments.
.
250 mini essay questiontextbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9.docxjeanettehully
250 mini essay question
textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010 Please include citations in MLA format.
First, describe the shift in the Roman Empire that created Byzantium in the East and what would eventually become Europe in the West and explain the impact of this political, religious, and social split on the art produced in these regions in this era. Provide specific examples of particular works of art or architecture to illustrate your points.
Second, trace the subsequent development of art in the East and the West from the Early through the High and Late Middle Ages by citing specific works of art or architecture and describing characteristic features these works exemplify. Be sure to include the each of the following terms in your discussion:
-animal style
-Carolingian
-Romanesque
-Gothic
.
22.¿Saber o conocer… With a partner, tell what thes.docxjeanettehully
22.
¿
Saber
o
conocer
…?
With a partner, tell what these people know, using
saber
or
conocer
.
Natalia [removed] al suegro de Mirta. Ella [removed] dónde vive él, pero no [removed] su número de teléfono.
David [removed] muchas ciudades de España, pero no [removed] hablar español.
Estela [removed] muchos poemas de ese poeta, pero no [removed] ninguno de memoria.
Roberto [removed] a la familia que da la fiesta de Año Nuevo, pero no [removed] dónde es la fiesta.
Yo [removed] que Lorca es un poeta español.
.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario out.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count fo.docxjeanettehully
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count for each question. Due in 6 hours TODAY! Please include all references if necessary.
Week One DQ1
Week One DQ3
To clarify... these ratios are part of the DuPont model, and the DuPont model considers liquidity as one of the factors to be evaluated, but at the end of the day, the DuPont model is all about return on equity... basically getting your money's worth. Given that, what are the elements of liquidity and how do they lead us into the discussion on equity? Why is this important to understand?
.
270w3Respond to the followingStress can be the root cause of ps.docxjeanettehully
270w3
Respond to the following:
Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders.
What life events are most likely to trigger a stress disorder?
Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable
PSYCHOLOGICAL
disorder. What factors determine how a person may be affected by one such event?
What is the link between
PERSONALITY
styles and heart disease?
List and briefly describe four psychological treatments for physical disorders.
.
250 word response. Chicago Style citingAccording to Kluver, what.docxjeanettehully
250 word response. Chicago Style citing
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with endangered languages, and with the readings about the Digital Divide. How do they compare? From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
.
250+ Words – Strategic Intelligence CollectionChoose one of th.docxjeanettehully
250+ Words – Strategic Intelligence Collection
Choose one of the following topics and respond per the Forum guidance:
1) What is the role of the Collection Management function? Does the CIA model work, given that analysts are separated from the National Clandestine Service
--or--
2) Why are some collection methods considered principally strategic, supporting the strategic analysis process? How would you define "strategic intelligence collection?"
.
2–3 pages; APA formatDetailsThere are several steps to take w.docxjeanettehully
2–3 pages; APA format
Details:
There are several steps to take when submitting a claim form to the insurance company for reimbursement. The result of a
clean claim
is proper reimbursement for the services the facility has provided.
In this assignment, you will be addressing the claims submission process and the follow-up.
Include the following in your submission:
List all of the information that is important before the claim can be submitted.
Discuss some of the reasons why a claim may be rejected.
What steps should be taken to check the claim status?
.
250 Word Resoponse. Chicago Style Citing.According to Kluver, .docxjeanettehully
250 Word Resoponse. Chicago Style Citing.
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with our readings last week on endangered languages, and with our readings about the Digital Divide.
How do they compare?
From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
Last weeks reading:
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
“Research and Context for a Theory of Maori Schooling,” Penetito, Jandt pages 173-188
Explore www.endangeredlanguages.com and watch the video at
http://youtu.be/Bn2QbwcjmOI
.
250 word mini essay question.Textbook is Getlein, Mark. Living wi.docxjeanettehully
250 word mini essay question.
Textbook is: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
Please Cite in MLA format.
1. Distinguish between the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods in terms of time and cultural developments.
2. Compare and contrast specific examples of artifacts, practices, and systems of belief.
3.Discuss why art survives or does not. Include the four reasons Getlein cites for how art survives, giving an example of art work from both the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods that meet one of these requirements.
4. What types of art work or materials would not likely survive?
5. How might this affect our opinion of a culture?
.
250 word discussion post--today please. Make sure you put in the dq .docxjeanettehully
250 word discussion post--today please. Make sure you put in the dq that the research paper focused around recent Civil Rights in the Mississppi Area
How do you define Mississippi?
In your post, identify your thesis and the sources you used to prove your argument. Discuss how you came to define Mississippi and what conclusions you made about the state. Make sure to point out the general areas of History that you discuss and what events, people, or ideas were especially important to your interpretation of Mississippi History. What readings, from Bond, Busbee, or another source you found, profoundly influenced your view of the state? Overall, has your view of Mississippi changed or mostly stayed the same? What can we learn about Mississippi today from your paper? Is Mississippi as a "closed society" (Silver, 1964) an accurate way to look at the state? Has this been true at some point in the past, but is no longer true? What time period is most crucial to understanding Mississippi and best defines it?
Some examples of different periods in Mississippi History are:
pre-European Mississippi
colonial Mississippi
territorial Mississippi
antebellum Mississippi
Civil War/Reconstruction Mississippi
Jim Crow Mississippi
Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement
Post Civil Rights Mississippi
.
2By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of househ.docxjeanettehully
2
By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be composed of
·
[removed]
childless married couples and empty nesters
·
[removed]
married couples with children
·
[removed]
single-parent families
·
[removed]
singles living with nonrelatives
3
Which of the following elements of sociocultural environment can be associated with the growing demand for social surrogates like social networking sites, television, and so on?
·
[removed]
Views of nature
·
[removed]
Views of others
·
[removed]
Views of ourselves
·
[removed]
Views of organizations
Wabash Bank would like to understand if there is a relationship between the advertising or promotion it does and the number of new customers the bank gets each quarter. What type of research is this an example of?
·
[removed]
Secondary
·
[removed]
Exploratory
·
[removed]
Causal
·
[removed]
Qualitative
5
Which strategy does this exemplify? Kayak and Orbitz provide their customers with a variety of travel options including flight reservations, vacation packages, flight and hotel options with or without car rentals, and cruise offerings.
·
[removed]
Diversification
·
[removed]
Promotional
·
[removed]
Differentiation
·
[removed]
Focus
A company's sales potential would be equal to market potential when which situations exists?
·
[removed]
The marketing expenditure of the company is reduced to zero.
·
[removed]
The company gets 100 percent share of the market.
·
[removed]
Industry marketing expenditures approach infinity for a given marketing environment.
·
[removed]
The market is nonexpandable.
Marketing is considered both an art and a science. How do the 4Ps, or marketing mix, help us bridge the gap between art and science?
·
[removed]
Marketing focuses on sales as the primary goal.
·
[removed]
Marketing is involved with price as the major factor.
·
[removed]
Marketing is about advertising.
·
[removed]
Marketing balances the need for data with that of creativity.
In the U.S., consumer expenditures on homes and other large purchases tend to slow down during a recession because
·
[removed]
of steady supply of loanable funds in the economy during recession
·
[removed]
consumer borrowing increases during recession
·
[removed]
of stringent credit policies adopted by the Fed before the onset of recession
·
[removed]
the consumers have a high debt-to-income ratio
Which of the following statements demonstrates behavioral loyalty towards a brand?
·
[removed]
Myfavorite Laundry detergent is so easy to use.
·
[removed]
I always buy Myfavorite Laundry detergent when purchasing laundry detergent.
·
[removed]
My friends agree Myfavorite Laundry detergent is the best.
·
[removed]
Myfavorite Laundry detergent smells good.
When Apple introduced iTunes, a new market was opened. Which of the following describes this type of innovation?
·
[removed]
Operational excellence
·
[removed]
Value capture
·
[removed]
Presence
·
[removed]
Value chain
11
Which of.
29Answer[removed] That is the house whe.docxjeanettehully
29
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The doctor examined a man whose hands were colder than the rest of
his body.
30
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Mrs. Carnack has a cousin whom she would like us to meet.
31
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Who was the person who won the track meet?
32
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The restaurant where there was music was almost deserted.
33
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Find a boy whose eyes are green.
34
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The tale that was told that night was never forgotten.
35
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose..
250 words discussion not an assignementThe purpose of this discuss.docxjeanettehully
250 words discussion not an assignement
The purpose of this discussion is to gain a more complete awareness of the extent of socio-environmental influences impacting the development of adolescents. Triandis (as cited in Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001) states, "Individualism and collectivism are broadly defined cultural syndromes that encompass a number of elements, including values, norms, goals, and behaviors" (Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001, p. 348).
Consider the audio piece in this unit's studies (also linked in the Resources) that compares two teens' viewpoints of life within their cultural domains. This piece highlights the impact of family, community, and cultural beliefs and values on an individual's development. For your initial post in this discussion, explore these influences by addressing the following questions:
How does exposure to media influence the manner in which adolescents develop?
How does exposure to peers influence development in both systems?
Using the reading from the textbook on risky behaviors, how might adolescents' influences and understanding of risk be different, based on their culture and expectations of self?
The optional reading in this unit's studies may provide additional information to support your post, if you choose to use it.
Response Guidelines
Respond to one learner by supporting his or her analysis of the two teens with additional information you have acquired outside of the textbook. Cite and reference your source with proper APA formatting. Be sure to address concepts in the post and find any similarities in your thinking as well.
Reference
Coon, H. M., Kemmelmeier, M. (2001). Cultural orientations in the United States: (Re)Examining differences among ethnic groups.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32
(3), 348–364. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
.
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it.docxjeanettehully
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it is an operating (O), investing (I) or financing (F) activity on the statement of cash flows. Also, indicate if the transaction increases (+) or decreases (-) cash. 12 points
Transaction Type of Activity Effect on Cash
A) Paid dividends to the owners
B) Purchased equipment by paying cash
C) Issued stock for cash
D) Paid wages to employees
E) Repaid the bank loan
F) Collected cash on account from customers
.
250-word minimum. Must use textbook Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercu.docxjeanettehully
250-word minimum. Must use textbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004 and articles provided. MLA citation.
Levi-Strauss and Hofstede portray culture as a dichotomy. What are the implications of such a dichotomy? How do these variants affect you when you attempt to communicate with other cultures? Likewise, how do these variants affect your audience when you attempt to communicate with them?
.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario o.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis Penetration AnalysisCho.docxjeanettehully
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis / Penetration Analysis
Choose one of the following. The first is insider threat analysis and the other is the threat presented by hostile intelligence operations. Be challenging and show what you know.
Topic 1
Insider threats come from individuals who operate inside friendly intelligence and national security organizations who purposefully set out to cause disruption, destruction, and commit crimes to those ends. Please read
Insider Threat IPT
and
Solving Insider Threat
in the Course Materials Folder. Using the web or the online library choose a high profile case of insider threat (cyber, intelligence, military) and draft a 350 word summary of the case highlighting successes or failures of
analysis
in bringing resolution to the case. What analysis methods can you discern? What do think could have been done differently to improve the analysis?
--or--
Topic 2
Complete reading
Foreign Espionage Threat
and
Observations on the Double Agent
and
Social Courtesy
. In the penetration of a hostile intelligence service analysis is central to identifying, pursuing, and preparing the recruitment of an agent. In 350 words please research the Oleg Penkovsky, Aldritch Ames, or Jonathan Pollard cases. Provide a summary of the role of analysis in the recruitment and running of these agents from the perspective of their handlers (the US/British, Soviet Union, and Israel, respectively). You'll need to conduct additional research on the web or in the online library to help you develop a factual understanding of the case you choose.
.
250 wordsUsing the same company (Bank of America) that you have .docxjeanettehully
250 words
Using the same company (Bank of America) that you have using in previous weeks, please review its cashflow sheet The statement of cash flows is divided into three parts: (1) operational cash flows, (2) financing cash flows, and (3) investment cash flows. Discuss the primary components of each of these sections of the cash flow statement:
Operational cash flows:
Use the direct method, which focuses on the sources of cash and the uses of operating cash such as cash from customers minus cash payment for expenses and payments to creditors.
Financing cash flows:
This should include cash received as the owner’s investment and cash withdrawals by owners.
Investing cash flows:
These include cash from investing activities (in other companies or securities) and any cash paid to make these investments.
.
250 mini essay questiontextbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9.docxjeanettehully
250 mini essay question
textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010 Please include citations in MLA format.
First, describe the shift in the Roman Empire that created Byzantium in the East and what would eventually become Europe in the West and explain the impact of this political, religious, and social split on the art produced in these regions in this era. Provide specific examples of particular works of art or architecture to illustrate your points.
Second, trace the subsequent development of art in the East and the West from the Early through the High and Late Middle Ages by citing specific works of art or architecture and describing characteristic features these works exemplify. Be sure to include the each of the following terms in your discussion:
-animal style
-Carolingian
-Romanesque
-Gothic
.
22.¿Saber o conocer… With a partner, tell what thes.docxjeanettehully
22.
¿
Saber
o
conocer
…?
With a partner, tell what these people know, using
saber
or
conocer
.
Natalia [removed] al suegro de Mirta. Ella [removed] dónde vive él, pero no [removed] su número de teléfono.
David [removed] muchas ciudades de España, pero no [removed] hablar español.
Estela [removed] muchos poemas de ese poeta, pero no [removed] ninguno de memoria.
Roberto [removed] a la familia que da la fiesta de Año Nuevo, pero no [removed] dónde es la fiesta.
Yo [removed] que Lorca es un poeta español.
.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Running head ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN1O.docx
1. Running head: ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE
AND THE BRAIN 1
ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE AND THE
BRAIN 3
Origins of Language and Language and the Brain
Name:
Institution:
Date:
Introduction
Social Cognition in Apes
Arguably, the human pointing behavior significantly differs
from that of ape. The differentiation manifests itself in certain
ways. First, the human pointing behavior indicates that
individuals hold on the ability to encode the universal system of
gestures. On the contrary, the ape pointing behavior lacks the
ability to encode the universal system of gestures. As a result,
apes are unable to understand various crucial aspects closely
related to their social cognition. For instance, due to their
inability, apes are unable to understand the language and sign
language of others. More so, apes are unable to comprehend the
intention of others to both act in certain specific ways as well as
2. communicate with them. It is for these reasons that when a
human tends to reach for a bucket that contains a treat, the ape
is more likely to reach unlike when an individual points on the
bucket , as a way to signal the presence and location of the
treat.
Similarly, the joint attention of humans differs from that of
apes. Joint attention which is also known as shared attention
refers to the shared focus of specifically two individuals on a
certain object. Joint attention is achieved whenever an
individual alert the other to an object through either by
pointing, use of verbal or non-verbal indications or eye-gazing.
Joint attention in humans differs from apes, especially on the
account that the later are unable to understand the sign language
of others. As such, in apes, joint attention is ineffective and
when present, it encounters varying challenges, unlike in
humans. The effectiveness of joint attention arises on the
account that they hold the capability to comprehend the sign
language of others, and two individuals are able to share the
focus on a certain object with minimal challenges.
The above differences are likely to exits due to their encoding
capabilities to the universal language. Despite apes and humans
belonging to the primate group, the two have varying encoding
capabilities to the universal language, inclusive of the sign
language and universal system of gestures. It is for this reason
that while the humans are able to encode the universal system of
gestures the apes are unable to do so. As a result, humans are
able to understand the sign language of each other while apes
are unable. These differences tend to narrow down and explain
the possibility of apes being unable to comprehend the intention
of their members and communicate with each other.
Acquisition
Exposing deaf children to sign language at an early age has
various benefits. First, doing so helps in providing deal children
with the best ever chance of successful language acquisition.
Supportively, in a contemporary research on the benefits of
early exposure of sign language to deaf children, Cormier
3. (2012) reveals that adults who had developed their sign
language skills from birth are better placed at making effective
grammatical judgment in British Sign Language. Such was
contrary to the adults during the study, who recorded learning
British Sign Language at the age of 2 to 8 years for they found
it challenging acquiring the same language skills unlike the
earlier mentioned set of individuals.
More so, exposing deaf children to sign language at an early age
also helps them develop an outstanding bilingual approach.
Possessing such an approach aids in maximizing the deaf
children cognitive and linguistic skills (Cormier, 2012). The
two skills are very vital in the development and proper growth
of deaf children. For instance, according to Cormier (2012), the
maximization of cognitive and linguistic skills helps deaf
children overcome possible challenges, difficulties and delays
that they are likely to encounter following their impaired
hearing condition.
Arguably, such early exposure is very crucial for all
communication systems and not only for the deaf children but
even across other different species. For instance, it is through
such early exposure, that the animals are able to communicate
with the off-springs. More so, this kind of exposure helps the
animals off springs to be aware of possible harmful scenarios as
well as predicators even at an early age. A good example can
be cited from the antelopes. At an early age, the antelopes
expose their off-springs to the eye-gazing and verbal language
indications such as sounds whenever they notice a certain
predictor at a close distance. Due to such exposure, the
antelope’s off-springs are able to notice a predictor and run to
safety.
Aphasia
A relative outstanding medical case of Broca's aphasia relates to
an 80 year old Japanese Woman. The elderly female presented
Broca's aphasia related behaviors such as onset speech
confusion and disturbance which was clear after a pedestrian
found her sitting when looking confused and at the loss for
4. words. Upon evaluation in the hospital, it was noticed that she
was unable to find the appropriate words to respond, both in
writing and through speaking, especially to the physician’s
questions(Watari et.al, 2014). These collectively suggested that
the patient would be most likely suffering from Broca's aphasia.
Arguably, Broca's aphasia will not necessarily damage the
patients Broca area, but in most cases it just affects the
comprising parts. For instance, the Magnetic Resonance
Imaging scan on the elderly patient revealed that there was
acute infraction involving her Broca area but there were severe
stenosis on her cerebral artery distal left middle(Watari et.al,
2014)..
A very precise medical case of Wernicke's aphasia relates to a
45 year old man. The patient was reported to be suffering from
Wernicke's aphasia following his several unique behaviors.
With the patient being a bachelor, he often denied his own
language disturbance to others as well as himself. More so, he
defended himself against the anxiety which had aroused from
the previous mentioned disturbance. Further, he was seen to
criticize other individuals as well as rationalizing himself
especially whenever they mentioned or discussed his social
handicaps and right hand disability(Tezuka,2014). Wernicke's
aphasia does not have damage on the Wernicke's area, but rather
the posterior portion of the patients left hemisphere.
References
5. Cormier,K.(2012).Early sign language exposure benefits deaf
children.UCL Deafness Cognition And Language Research
Centre. Retrieved from
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dcal/news/2012/jul/early-sign-
language-exposure-benefits-deaf- children
Tezuka, K.(2014). A Case Study of a Patient with Wernicke's
Aphasia who Denied His Own Language Disturbance. The
Japanese Journal of Communication Disorders.
Watari, T., Shimizu, T., & Tokuda, Y. (2014). Broca aphasia.
Case Reports, 2014, bcr2014208214.
Sexism/Sex Discrimination
(
COPYRIGHT
2009
Macmillan
Reference
USA,
a
part
of
Gale,
Cengage
Learning
6. WCN
02-200-210
)SEXISM/SEX
DISCRIMINATION
Sexism and sexual discrimination are two of the primary
reasons that gender inequality persists in the United States. The
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Com- mission (EEOC)
received almost 25,000 ‘‘charges of sex- based discrimination’’
in the 2007 fiscal year alone (EEOC, 2008). Sexism refers to
attitudes and beliefs about people based on their sex. Often
these prejudices are negative, such as the idea that women are
incompe- tent, but these opinions may also be positive, such as
the belief that women are nurturing. Sexual discrimination, in
contrast, involves treating people differently based on their sex.
For example, this may be the preference to hire men instead of
women or to allow more women than men to enter a dance club.
These terms are frequently used to refer to the neg- ative
treatment or position of women relative to men. This approach
makes sense. Because women are subordi- nate to men in most
parts of the world, they are more likely to be the targets of
sexism and sexual discrimina- tion. However, men may be the
targets as well. Because members of subordinate groups (e.g.,
women, gay men, and so forth) tend to be victims of gender bias
and members of the dominant group tend to be perpetrators,
sexism and sexual discrimination help preserve the system of
male privilege and the subordination of women and
nondominant masculinities.
If someone discriminates based on another person’s gender,
does that mean that he or she is sexist? The answer is not
necessarily. Sexism and sexual discrimina- tion often go
together, but not always. Consider a male employer at an
electronics store seeking a new salesper- son. This employer
may know that there are many women knowledgeable about
electronics, but if he fears that his clientele will only buy from
7. a man, then he will be hesitant to hire a woman, regardless of
her credentials. His behavior, then, is discriminatory, even
though he does not consciously hold sexist beliefs. It is possible
that a person can have subconscious attitudes (implicit beliefs),
which can influence behavior, even without the person being
consciously aware of it (Quillian, 2006).
It is worth noting that sexism and sexual discrimi- nation are
actually misnomers. The two concepts techni- cally focus on
attitudes and behavior based on someone’s sex, but what this
concept really refers to is a person’s gender rather than his or
her sex. Sex is biology; gender relates to the meaning and
behavior associated with being a man or a woman (Kimmel,
2008). Some of the most frequently measured forms of sexism
are beliefs about how women are supposed to behave. For
instance, should a mother work outside the home? Is it a
woman’s respon- sibility to care for the home? Can a woman be
assertive
and still be feminine? These beliefs have nothing to do with a
woman’s biological sex and everything to do with what it means
to be a woman.
But why are some people sexist and why do some people
discriminate? The simplest explanation is socialization— that
is, the idea that people have been taught that certain behaviors
are appropriate for one gender and other behaviors are
appropriate for the other gender. (This assumes only two
genders, a point that is contested by many gender scholars and
intersex advocates; see Kim- mel, 2008.) The extent to which
one holds sexist atti- tudes is partly based on age, with people
from older generations being more likely to hold ‘‘old
fashioned’’ views about women (what is now called sexist) and
younger people being likely to hold more egalitarian views.
There is evidence for this argument, but the explanation is
incomplete.
A related perspective is that people hold views about what is
appropriate gendered behavior (i.e., their gender ideology) that
8. agree with how they perceive their own gender (i.e., their
gender role identity). This is because disagreement between
someone’s gender role identity and his or her gender ideology
can cause confusion. For instance, if a man believes that
masculine men are big and burly but he is small and delicate,
does that mean he is not a ‘‘real man’’? In contrast, agreement
between someone’s gender role identity and his or her gender
ideology is validating. The result is that a masculine man is
likely to support behavior that agrees with his ideas of
masculinity (such as the male breadwinner role) and is likely to
resist behavior that opposes it (such as married women earning
an income).
A different set of arguments contend that sexism and sexual
discrimination stem from some men’s need to protect their
position of privilege (Goldin, 2002). This practice may include
men protecting their personal status or that of males as a group.
Men are in the dominant social position, but not all men are as
dominant as others. Masculinity, or manliness, helps determine
which men are atop the hierarchy. Because of the privileges that
come with appropriate displays of masculinity, some men are
concerned that if their masculinity is questioned then they are
somehow less of a man. In order to prove their masculinity to
themselves and to others, they may denigrate and harass women
or less masculine men.
Men as a group are in power; women are not. Sexism and sexual
discrimination have been and continue to be used to prevent
women from gaining power. From the perspective of those in
power, it therefore makes sense to perpetuate gender
stereotypes, even when there is over- whelming evidence
invalidating those stereotypes. For instance, the common but
erroneous stereotype that women are irrational implies that a
woman should not
400 ENCYCLOPE DIA OF THE LIF E COURSE AND HUMA
N DEV ELO PMENT
9. Sexism/Sex Discrimination
Sexism in Advertising. Pedestrians walk past large outdoor
clothing advertisements. SPENCER PLATT/GETTY IMAGES.
be a boss, a chief executive officer, or the president. If this
stereotype is believed, then these positions are preserved for a
man. This logic makes women less attractive as employees and
keeps men ‘‘first in line’’ for the most desirable jobs (Reskin,
2001).
The consequences of sexism and sexual discrimina- tion are felt
by everyone, if for no other reason than that everyone has
women in their lives. More specifically, the effects are seen in
labor market inequality, such as the devaluation of the jobs
predominantly held by women and the work women do,
discriminatory hiring practices and job allocation, and different
expectations; discrimi- nation against mothers in hiring and
promotion; the disproportionate amount of home, child, and
elderly care done by women, along with the failure to either
com- pensate workers for their labor or provide affordable
alternatives; the medical field’s disregard for women, as
evidenced by women’s exclusion from medical studies and
absence from medical texts; and the disproportionate level of
violence suffered by women at the hands of their partners.
Biased treatment can also impact women’s health, causing them
to suffer from such ailments as depression, nausea, and
headaches (Welsh, 1999, p. 183).
Although sexism and sexual discrimination impact women in all
walks of life, the ramifications may be more severe for women
10. of color and of lower socioeconomic status. These women not
only face stigma and discrim- ination because of their gender
but also because of their race and class. Oppression based on
these statuses is multiplicative, not additive. This means that a
Black woman does not face the same gender oppression as a
White woman or the same racial oppression as a Black man.
Instead, she faces unique experiences because she is Black and
a woman. For instance, lower-class women of color, particularly
immigrants, often work as domestics (lower-class men tend to
hold other jobs), positioning
them for exploitation, whereas upper-class women can use their
wealth to reallocate their domestic responsibil- ities to women
of lower classes (Amott & Matthaei 1996,
p. 15). Young, lower-class Black women have the added stigma
of being stereotyped as single mothers. Middle- and upper-class
Black workers, in contrast, risk being ‘‘isolated’’ in a
‘‘corporate environment . . . that [is] inhospitable and alien’’
(Browne & Misra 2003, p. 501). Moreover, Black workers,
regardless of age and class, must cope with the consequences of
a long history of racial bias in the United States. Class and
racial status also influence medical care, with lower-class and
non- White patients receiving a lower quality of treatment than
their wealthy White counterparts.
Sexism and sexual discrimination primarily impact women, but
men can be victims too. For instance, cur- rent ideals of
masculinity reward acts of risk-taking, aggression, and
heterosexual sexual prowess while punish- ing behavior deemed
to conflict with them. As a result, some men feel pressured into
pursuing dangerous or even criminal behavior in order to prove
their manhood. Men may also be harmed by the sexist belief
that women and children deserve to be protected from danger
first, lead- ing men to be the last saved and the first to die.
A large proportion of the research on sexism and sexual
discrimination considered in the United States focuses on what
is going on here. It is therefore tempting to want to know how
11. the situation in the United States compares to that in other
countries. However, direct com- parisons should be undertaken
only with the utmost care. Cross-cultural comparisons are
complicated by different definitions, data collection standards,
and ethnocentrism.
Varying definitions and data collection standards are
problematic because they make it difficult to ensure that
measures of sexism and sexual discrimination are consis- tent
and comparable across countries. For example, if country A
defines discrimination as anything that creates a negative
working environment, whereas country B says that the only
thing that qualifies as discrimination is pressure from a superior
to have sexual relations (Saguy, 2000, p. 1092), then it is
meaningless to compare rates of discrimination across the two
countries.
A second issue is how to apply one’s own perceptions of sexism
to other cultures without being too ‘‘ethno- centric.’’ A single
example should suffice to illustrate this problem. In 2004
France passed a law banning the wear- ing of conspicuous
religious symbols in state schools. Although the law applied to
all religious groups, there was a clear understanding that it was
enacted to stop Muslim women from wearing headscarves. Two
main justifications were given for the law. The first explanation
was that headscarves were emblematic of Muslims’ refusal to
assimilate to secular French society. The second
ENCY CLOPEDIA OF THE LIFE COURSE AND HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 401
Sexual Activity, Adulthood
contention was that headscarves were symbols of Islam’s
oppression of women. Some Muslim women agreed with this
latter assessment, but many did not.
12. If the headscarf is considered only from a Euro- pean/North
American perspective, one could legiti- mately argue that it
represents Muslim women’s subordinate place in Muslim
society (if for no other reason than that they are not granted the
same freedom in attire as men). But if the decision is considered
from the standpoint of many Muslim women, one could possibly
see that maybe these women are not oppressed by the tradition.
In fact, when asked, some women said that, for them, wearing a
headscarf was a personal choice to follow cultural traditions and
beliefs about what ‘‘was modest and right.’’ This example
demon- strates that before attempting to determine if certain
cultural behaviors are sexist, it is necessary to have some
understanding of that culture.
Even with the caveat that it may be ill-advised to compare
sexism and sexual discrimination across cul- tures, it is clear
that the treatment of women varies regionally. Norway, for
instance, is known for its pro- gressive policies promoting
gender equality, whereas in Saudi Arabia women are forbidden
from voting, driving cars, or being in public without a male
relation. In many parts of the developing world the situation for
women is even worse and is characterized by high rates of
female infanticide and sex-selective abortion, poor nutrition,
little or no medical care, and low life expectancies for those
who survive childhood.
Because sexism and sexual discrimination persists almost
everywhere in the world, further research on the subject must
continue. Two likely areas of ongoing research are sexual
harassment and the intersection of gender, race, and class. The
trend of applying paradigms developed outside of gender of
research is also likely to continue. Another area that deserves
more attention is sexism and sexual discrimination against men.
Although men are not the prime targets, to ignore them in favor
of women would be both sexist and discriminatory.
SEE ALSO Volume 1: Socialization, Gender; Volume 2: Gender
in the Workplace; Policy, Employment; Racism/ Race
Discrimination; Volume 3: Ageism/Age Discrimination.
13. BIB L IOG R APHY
Acker, J. (1999). Rewriting class, race, and gender: Problems in
feminist rethinking. In M. M. Ferree, J. Lorber, & B. B. Hess
(Eds.), Revisioning gender. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Amott, T. L., & Matthaei, J. (Eds.). (1996). Race, class, gender,
and women’s work. In Race, gender, and work: A multicultural
economic history of women in the United States. (rev. ed.).
Boston: South End Press.
Browne, I., & Misra, J. (2003). The intersection of gender and
race in the labor market. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 487–
513.
Goldin, C. (2002). A pollution theory of discrimination: Male
and female differences in occupations and earnings. Cambridge,
MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved May 21,
2008, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=315335
Kimmel, M. S., & Aronson, A. (Eds.). (2008). The gendered
society. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kington, R. S., & Nickens, H. W. (2001). Racial and ethnic
differences in health: Recent trends and their consequences. In
N. J. Smelser, W. J. Wilson, & F. Mitchell (Eds.), America
becoming (Vol. 2, pp. 253–310). Washington, DC: National
Academy Press.
Miedzian, M. (2002). Boys will be boys: Breaking the link
between masculinity and violence. New York: Lantern Books.
Quillian, L. (2006). New approaches to understanding racial
prejudice and discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology, 32,
299–328.
Reskin, B. F. (2001). Labor markets as queues: A structural
approach to changing occupational sex composition. In D. B.
Grusky (Ed.), Social stratification: Class, race, and gender in
sociological perspective. (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview
Press.
Saguy, A. C. (2000). Employment discrimination or sexual
14. violence? Defining sexual harassment in American and French
law. Law & Society Review, 34(4), 1091–1128.
Toller, P. W., Suter, E. A., & Trautman, T. C. (2004). Gender
role identity and attitudes toward feminism. Sex Roles, 51, 85–
90.
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2008). Sex-
based discrimination. Retrieved April 27, 2008, from http:www.
eeoc.gov/types
Welsh, S. (1999). Gender and sexual harassment. Annual
Review of Sociology, 25, 169–190.
Wyatt, C. (2003). Liberty, equality, and the headscarf.
Retrieved May 21, 2008, from http://news.bbc.co.uk
Judith E. Rosenstein
SEXUAL ACTIVITY, ADULTHOOD
People are born sexual and have the capacity for sexual activity
throughout the life course. Sexual activity involves the
behavioral expression of erotic feelings, typically for
pleasurable or reproductive purposes but in some contexts for
power and control. Sexuality is influenced by biolog- ical,
psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors, within
historical, cultural, and developmental contexts. Virtually all
societies attempt to regulate sexual activity, with varying
degrees of success. Individuals are presumed to be most capable
of both fulfilling their sexual potential and conforming to social
norms in their sexual behaviors when they are adults; thus,
sexual activity is viewed as most acceptable for adults of legal
age but before they become too old. This does not mean that
children and older adults
402 ENCYCLOPE DIA OF THE LIF E COURSE AND HUMA
15. N DEV ELO PMENT
1st Argument paper
Length: aim for 5 paragraphs; References (always include); no
title page is needed, but instead a title should be included at the
top of the first page.
Topic: Sexism/Sex Discrimination
This article tackles the topic of institutionalized sexism in
which discrimination occurs not because of an individual’s
beliefs, but because of his or her beliefs about what other
people will do or think. The article also discusses ramifications
for women of color, lower social class, or differing religious
backgrounds.
https://go-gale-
com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3273000229&v
=2.1&u=umd_umuc&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=efc69e131bbf
2a2008d128675c139048
** if the link doesn’t work please look at separate attachment
labeled sexism sex_discrimination_psyc 338_Topic
Argumentative Essays
What is an argumentative essay?
The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the
student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate
evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise
manner. Topic should be based on an area of interest of reading
to date
The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the
following.
· A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in
the first paragraph of the essay.
In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set
the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next the
16. author should explain why the topic is important (exigence) or
why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should
present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis
statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set
forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this
portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an
effective or persuasive essay.
· Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body,
and conclusion.
Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay
together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is
unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will
collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous
section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next
section.
· Body paragraphs that include evidential support.
Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one
general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction
throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an
ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note
that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some
logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening
paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis
statement with evidence collected during research. It is also
important to explain how and why the evidence supports the
thesis (warrant).
However, argumentative essays should also consider and
explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending
on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or
two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing
conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how
these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should
note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not
be well informed or how they might be out of date.
· Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or
anecdotal).
17. The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate,
detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement
and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical,
statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis.
However, students must consider multiple points of view when
collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a
successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also
discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to
exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the
student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong
outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be
well informed or up to date on the topic.
· A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but
readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.
It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to
struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most
immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it
must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new
information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the
information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the
topic is important, review the main points, and review your
thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more
research that should be completed in light of your work.
A complete argument
Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a
conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss the
cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived
through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning,
middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the
argument in the middle of my second point, questions would
arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through
the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be
complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or
argument.
The five-paragraph essay
A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the
18. five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the
only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds
straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method
consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary
body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views
and (c) a conclusion.