Running Head: CORUPTION IN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM
CORUPTION IN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM 6
Corruption in Correctional System
AIU Online
Amanda Green
Our correctional system in the United States of America has been under critical public scrutiny. Reports from commissions and individuals indicate that the reality in these centers has been changing and administrators of these centers are working day and night towards making these institutions the best so as to meet their objectives. As a matter of fact, our correctional centers are increasingly changing because of the ongoing environmental changes and other changes such as program issues, overcrowding, security issues, personnel management, legal issues, technological changes, privatization, and budgetary concerns among others. This essay will examine corruption among administrators and security personnel in the correctional centers within the United States of America.
Correctional systems have been designed in such a way that they handle and punish offenders or those individuals who break laws in different ways. Some of these systems are community based whereby an individual who has committed a certain crime is put into a confinement and he/she is made to provide community service as he/she undergoes reformation. In other centers, individuals or offenders of different crimes are fined and if the individual will not be able to raise enough funds to pay for his/her fine then such an individual is put under confinement where he/she will serve a jail term depending on the type of crime he/she had committed. Offenders of different criminal activities are always placed under half way houses where they serve as under probation before being shipped to the prison (Abadinsky, 2014).
More often than not, the U.S Department of Correction in collaboration with the Federal government, State government and with the Local government have been providing resources and facilities to the different correctional centers that have been established in the United States of America. In addition to this, the department provides guidance and counseling as well as educational programs to these individuals as part of the reformation process.
Reports indicate that, corrupt practices occurring behind correctional systems in the United States of America has reached to the general public. These practices range from pilferage and theft to drug trafficking involving the inmates, the administrators and the police force in these centers. To this effect, corruption in the correctional systems has been seen as the weakening of the established correctional practices and the established ethics which are acting as the guiding principles. Professionals have identified three types of corruption in the correctional system within the United States of America. Theft as corrupt practice in the correctional systems occurs when reports of items belonging to the staff members as well as those belonging to the inmates are ...
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docxflonayrton46696
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
AbstractWhen offenders are released from prison, they are faced .docxbartholomeocoombs
The document discusses how criminal labeling and stereotyping can negatively impact offenders and increase recidivism. It examines who is normally labeled in society and whether the criminal justice system is biased against certain groups. The key points are:
1) Minorities, the poor, and uneducated individuals tend to be disproportionately labeled as criminals.
2) The criminal justice system may be biased against the working and middle classes by punishing them more harshly and making it difficult for labeled individuals to reintegrate after prison.
3) Law enforcement does not always follow proper protocols when labeling individuals and this can further damage the individuals and increase criminal behavior.
Running head: ISSUES AND TRENDS 1
ISSUES AND TRENDS 8
ISUES AND TRENDS 7
ISSUES AND TRENDS
Andrea Dixon
Saint Leo University
Abstract
The criminal justice system is the set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. There is no single criminal justice system in the United States however similar, individual systems. How the criminal justice system works in each area depends on the jurisdiction in charge be that of city, state, county, federal or tribal government or military installation. Various jurisdictions have different laws, agencies, and ways of managing criminal justice processes. In the criminal justice system there are corrections institutions which are housing facilities for those individuals who have violated the law (The Criminal Justice System, 2015). Currently, there is a great deal of money being spent in the United States on those who are incarcerated. For example, over 2.3 million Americans which is about one percent of the population are incarcerated, the cost is about twenty three thousand dollars per year to house and feed each prisoner (Muraskin, 2010). In addition, the criminal justice system is faced with a plethora of issues in terms of punishments imposed, deterrence and in the correctional institutions, issues that involve the care and treatment of offenders. In this paper I will discuss punishment, forecasted issues and trends and whether or not there is a danger to the community.
The government has spent millions of dollars in attempting to find ways to deter crime. They have implemented various programs both educational and community –based. I believe that the concept is to reduce recidivism, deter crime and at the same time prepare offenders while incarcerated, to return to society and become productive members. In American prisons the two most widely used modes of treatment are education and work programs. The occurrence of these programs reflects the permanent belief that educational, work skills and good habits learned in acquiring such skills plays an integral role for offenders securing employment and becoming productive citizens.
Although the results are not clear, the existing research generally suggests that the programs do have an impact in reducing post release recidivism, especially when targeted particularly at inmates who possess low skills and when part of a broader strategy –a multi-model approach which is behavior therapy in psychotherapy to rehabilitating offenders (Rehabilitation- Corrections in The United States, 2015). I think that there are some people in society who would argue that spending millions on criminals is a waste of taxpayers’ dollars because they are a lost cause. I would have to disagree because they have to start somewhere. Sadly, for some the starting point is while incarcerated. I believe that by acquiring an education coupled with learning skills and participa.
The police force maintains peace and order and got the mandate to he.docxstandfordabbot
The police force maintains peace and order and got the mandate to help cultivate a culture of justice. Within any social, judicial framework, it singly depends upon the police force to help restore peace and uphold virtues. The virtues include the element of honesty, transparency alongside other fundamentals like truth and justice. The mandates lie within the ability of the police force and security departments to be on the forefront to nurture and train the society on the better methods of living. The methods are among others the significance of amicable and mutual existence.
The police and systems mandated to help restore order proves disorderly and got no sense of humanity. The effect is a lack of trust from the society and improper propagation of values. In return, the future gets distorted, and no human values spearheaded. Reports from the police custody and inmates indicate the brutal nature and corrupt levels of the policing systems as well as the corrective platforms. It is with this regard that the whole department gets disinfection. Complaints from the social environment show that the police fail to discharge their duties and mandates within the stipulated confinements. That kills the morale of the people and generates mistrust.
Overview
The police use trivial measures to help dehumanize prisoners and the correctional systems tends to care less about the livelihood of prisoners (
Baines, 2016)
. The instances of complains from those held captive in custody got no base of argument with regards to the treatment of the police and the corrective systems. The use of excessive force on the inmates, the effects of poor sanitations and the elements of mishandling including thorough beating are among the poor treatment. No proactive measures tend to be in place to help rectify and make the inmates thrive in a comfortable habitation. Inmates are human beings who not only deserve the sanctity of life but also require reasonable and rationale treatment geared towards their rehabilitation.It is inappropriate to handle the inmates without any sense of dignity and any form of concern. That kills their spirit and makes them feel like mere toys with no any substance in them. Substantially, the police force and corrective systems got a legislative configuration within which they ought to work. That in most cases fails to apply, and they resolve and resort to applying underhand and dubious means to handle the crime doers. Such a measure contravenes the norms and doctrines that abide within the security department and the judicial framework mandated to rectify and restructure the society.
Nonetheless, the police appeared corrupt and got a likeness towards malpractice. They not only solicit funds from the families and friends to set the captives free but also unfairly treat inmates. The corrupt, unfair treatment gets based on the relationship between the prisoners and the police bosses and the management. That in itself coincides with the expected .
Sex Offenders LawsCrimes related to sex offenses have been trea.docxbagotjesusa
Sex Offenders Laws
Crimes related to sex offenses have been treated differently by the lawmakers when compared to other crimes. With changes in the release of offenders from prison with the introduction of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification. Laws mainly require the sex offenders to report to the police to offer reliable details once released from prison. This secure information includes the offender's name, DNA test, marital status, place of living, and a list of contacts. The registration laws also dictate the localities where the sex offenders should be and should avoid mostly near schools and day care centers (Esaterly, 2015). There is the debate that these laws should be changed based on the impact they have on the offender, considering they have already served their terms in jail. Some offenders once released from prisons become changed persons, subject to the laws, they may see themselves as culprits and unwanted in the society. Therefore, this paper provides the analysis of the rules concerning sexual offenses. This discussion-based on looking at the existing problems regarding equity, social issues, and ethical or moral concern regarding this law. This paper also offers a focus on the possible solutions as well as the advantages of these solutions on the issues related to sexual offense laws concerns.
Historical perspective of sexual offense laws
On most occasions, the lawmakers tend to assume that even after the prisoner's released from the prisons, they can still have the spirit of committing a similar offense. Therefore, police officers are always watching and monitoring their movement. Sex offenses result in emotional as well as the physical disturbances to the injured party hence it is becoming a challenge to let the offenders free even after being released from the prison. The lawmakers work every bit to ensure that everything is under control and no such incidence repeated.
Social Problems
Sexual offender laws play a crucial role in reducing the number of sexual offenses in the society. Sexual assault leaves a terrible taste in the mouth of the victims and their close relatives. It causes permanent scars which can affect how the victims relate to other members of the opposite sex as well as a way of reacting to the ordinary life. Therefore, the laws protect these individuals from undergoing such experience by preventing such behavior s in the society. However, despite the protection of the victims by the statutes, the offenders are left to suffer within the community. Sex offenders face residence restrictions, housing instability, loss of the interpersonal relationship, and finding challenges in accessing social support mechanism. It is genuine that the administrators are endeavoring to counteract such practices in the general public. The decree does not consider that the wrongdoer has just served the correctional facility terms and ought not further be put on discipline like house confinement, house flimsiness in .
Clearing the Slate: Seeking Effective Remedies for Criminalized Trafficking V...ABA IHRC
This document provides an overview of human trafficking, specifically trafficking into the sex trade. It defines human trafficking as exploiting a person for financial or personal gain through force, fraud or coercion. An estimated 4.5 million people worldwide are trafficked into the sex trade at any given time. Traffickers use various techniques to control victims, such as threats, debt bondage, and confiscating identification documents. Victims are often vulnerable due to factors like poverty, abuse, or gender discrimination.
This document discusses past, present, and future trends in corrections. It addresses objectives like analyzing current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators. It also discusses the roles and issues of alternative correction systems as a developing trend. The document provides historical context on corrections from the 1700s to present day. It also examines issues like increasing prison populations and challenges of properly operating prisons in the future with challenges like lack of government involvement.
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1 Cour.docxJASS44
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define terms related to corrections.
1.1 Define all relevant vocabulary related to the correctional system within
the unit.
1.2 Define and understand professionalism in corrections.
2. Assess the purpose, implementation, and effectiveness of corrections.
2.1 Identify standards, training, and skills of correctional officers.
2.2 Identify what organizations exist that set standards in the field.
3. Trace the historical evolution of the correctional system.
3.1 Identify key people that have helped to reform the correctional system
over time.
Unit Lesson
The statistics currently indicate that crime has declined since the 1990s; however, the
number of people incarcerated or under some sort of correctional supervision has
continued to steadily increase. There are four reasons behind this phenomenon:
1. The tough on crime laws like three-strikes-laws have kept repeat offenders
incarcerated for extended lengths of time.
2. The War on Drugs has led to many arrests and convictions that have
increased incarcerated populations in every jurisdiction in the country.
3. Parole authorities now fear liability for inmates released early that re-offend.
4. Those that are out of jail and prison and on probation are more likely to violate
probation.
As the incarceration rate rises, it is important to realize that employment rates of
correctional officers and support staff will also continue to rise. In 1950 there were
approximately 27,000 people employed as correctional officers. Current statistics
indicate that number is now at 490,000 correctional officers. If you were to factor in the
increase in juvenile detention centers, probation and parole officers, administrators,
and other professionals in the correctional field, the number jumps to 748,000 people
employed in the correctional field (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015).
Corrections Place in the Criminal Justice System
Once a person is arrested, he or she is booked into jail. Law enforcement must then
present evidence to the prosecutor and the decision will be made to file formal
charges or release the person from custody. If a person is charged with a crime, he or
she must go before a judge in an initial, or first, appearance in court. At this time he or
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 1:
Corrections: An Overview
Chapter 2:
Punishments: A Brief
History
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Adjudication
2. Arraignment
3. Community
corrections
4. Corporal punishment
5. Cost-benefit analysis
6. Criminal law
7. Evidence-based
corrections
8. Hedonistic calculus
9. Institutional
corrections
10. Mores
11. Nolo contendere
12. Noninstitutional
corrections
13. Penal law
14. Sustainable justice
15. Utilitarianism
...
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docxflonayrton46696
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
AbstractWhen offenders are released from prison, they are faced .docxbartholomeocoombs
The document discusses how criminal labeling and stereotyping can negatively impact offenders and increase recidivism. It examines who is normally labeled in society and whether the criminal justice system is biased against certain groups. The key points are:
1) Minorities, the poor, and uneducated individuals tend to be disproportionately labeled as criminals.
2) The criminal justice system may be biased against the working and middle classes by punishing them more harshly and making it difficult for labeled individuals to reintegrate after prison.
3) Law enforcement does not always follow proper protocols when labeling individuals and this can further damage the individuals and increase criminal behavior.
Running head: ISSUES AND TRENDS 1
ISSUES AND TRENDS 8
ISUES AND TRENDS 7
ISSUES AND TRENDS
Andrea Dixon
Saint Leo University
Abstract
The criminal justice system is the set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. There is no single criminal justice system in the United States however similar, individual systems. How the criminal justice system works in each area depends on the jurisdiction in charge be that of city, state, county, federal or tribal government or military installation. Various jurisdictions have different laws, agencies, and ways of managing criminal justice processes. In the criminal justice system there are corrections institutions which are housing facilities for those individuals who have violated the law (The Criminal Justice System, 2015). Currently, there is a great deal of money being spent in the United States on those who are incarcerated. For example, over 2.3 million Americans which is about one percent of the population are incarcerated, the cost is about twenty three thousand dollars per year to house and feed each prisoner (Muraskin, 2010). In addition, the criminal justice system is faced with a plethora of issues in terms of punishments imposed, deterrence and in the correctional institutions, issues that involve the care and treatment of offenders. In this paper I will discuss punishment, forecasted issues and trends and whether or not there is a danger to the community.
The government has spent millions of dollars in attempting to find ways to deter crime. They have implemented various programs both educational and community –based. I believe that the concept is to reduce recidivism, deter crime and at the same time prepare offenders while incarcerated, to return to society and become productive members. In American prisons the two most widely used modes of treatment are education and work programs. The occurrence of these programs reflects the permanent belief that educational, work skills and good habits learned in acquiring such skills plays an integral role for offenders securing employment and becoming productive citizens.
Although the results are not clear, the existing research generally suggests that the programs do have an impact in reducing post release recidivism, especially when targeted particularly at inmates who possess low skills and when part of a broader strategy –a multi-model approach which is behavior therapy in psychotherapy to rehabilitating offenders (Rehabilitation- Corrections in The United States, 2015). I think that there are some people in society who would argue that spending millions on criminals is a waste of taxpayers’ dollars because they are a lost cause. I would have to disagree because they have to start somewhere. Sadly, for some the starting point is while incarcerated. I believe that by acquiring an education coupled with learning skills and participa.
The police force maintains peace and order and got the mandate to he.docxstandfordabbot
The police force maintains peace and order and got the mandate to help cultivate a culture of justice. Within any social, judicial framework, it singly depends upon the police force to help restore peace and uphold virtues. The virtues include the element of honesty, transparency alongside other fundamentals like truth and justice. The mandates lie within the ability of the police force and security departments to be on the forefront to nurture and train the society on the better methods of living. The methods are among others the significance of amicable and mutual existence.
The police and systems mandated to help restore order proves disorderly and got no sense of humanity. The effect is a lack of trust from the society and improper propagation of values. In return, the future gets distorted, and no human values spearheaded. Reports from the police custody and inmates indicate the brutal nature and corrupt levels of the policing systems as well as the corrective platforms. It is with this regard that the whole department gets disinfection. Complaints from the social environment show that the police fail to discharge their duties and mandates within the stipulated confinements. That kills the morale of the people and generates mistrust.
Overview
The police use trivial measures to help dehumanize prisoners and the correctional systems tends to care less about the livelihood of prisoners (
Baines, 2016)
. The instances of complains from those held captive in custody got no base of argument with regards to the treatment of the police and the corrective systems. The use of excessive force on the inmates, the effects of poor sanitations and the elements of mishandling including thorough beating are among the poor treatment. No proactive measures tend to be in place to help rectify and make the inmates thrive in a comfortable habitation. Inmates are human beings who not only deserve the sanctity of life but also require reasonable and rationale treatment geared towards their rehabilitation.It is inappropriate to handle the inmates without any sense of dignity and any form of concern. That kills their spirit and makes them feel like mere toys with no any substance in them. Substantially, the police force and corrective systems got a legislative configuration within which they ought to work. That in most cases fails to apply, and they resolve and resort to applying underhand and dubious means to handle the crime doers. Such a measure contravenes the norms and doctrines that abide within the security department and the judicial framework mandated to rectify and restructure the society.
Nonetheless, the police appeared corrupt and got a likeness towards malpractice. They not only solicit funds from the families and friends to set the captives free but also unfairly treat inmates. The corrupt, unfair treatment gets based on the relationship between the prisoners and the police bosses and the management. That in itself coincides with the expected .
Sex Offenders LawsCrimes related to sex offenses have been trea.docxbagotjesusa
Sex Offenders Laws
Crimes related to sex offenses have been treated differently by the lawmakers when compared to other crimes. With changes in the release of offenders from prison with the introduction of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification. Laws mainly require the sex offenders to report to the police to offer reliable details once released from prison. This secure information includes the offender's name, DNA test, marital status, place of living, and a list of contacts. The registration laws also dictate the localities where the sex offenders should be and should avoid mostly near schools and day care centers (Esaterly, 2015). There is the debate that these laws should be changed based on the impact they have on the offender, considering they have already served their terms in jail. Some offenders once released from prisons become changed persons, subject to the laws, they may see themselves as culprits and unwanted in the society. Therefore, this paper provides the analysis of the rules concerning sexual offenses. This discussion-based on looking at the existing problems regarding equity, social issues, and ethical or moral concern regarding this law. This paper also offers a focus on the possible solutions as well as the advantages of these solutions on the issues related to sexual offense laws concerns.
Historical perspective of sexual offense laws
On most occasions, the lawmakers tend to assume that even after the prisoner's released from the prisons, they can still have the spirit of committing a similar offense. Therefore, police officers are always watching and monitoring their movement. Sex offenses result in emotional as well as the physical disturbances to the injured party hence it is becoming a challenge to let the offenders free even after being released from the prison. The lawmakers work every bit to ensure that everything is under control and no such incidence repeated.
Social Problems
Sexual offender laws play a crucial role in reducing the number of sexual offenses in the society. Sexual assault leaves a terrible taste in the mouth of the victims and their close relatives. It causes permanent scars which can affect how the victims relate to other members of the opposite sex as well as a way of reacting to the ordinary life. Therefore, the laws protect these individuals from undergoing such experience by preventing such behavior s in the society. However, despite the protection of the victims by the statutes, the offenders are left to suffer within the community. Sex offenders face residence restrictions, housing instability, loss of the interpersonal relationship, and finding challenges in accessing social support mechanism. It is genuine that the administrators are endeavoring to counteract such practices in the general public. The decree does not consider that the wrongdoer has just served the correctional facility terms and ought not further be put on discipline like house confinement, house flimsiness in .
Clearing the Slate: Seeking Effective Remedies for Criminalized Trafficking V...ABA IHRC
This document provides an overview of human trafficking, specifically trafficking into the sex trade. It defines human trafficking as exploiting a person for financial or personal gain through force, fraud or coercion. An estimated 4.5 million people worldwide are trafficked into the sex trade at any given time. Traffickers use various techniques to control victims, such as threats, debt bondage, and confiscating identification documents. Victims are often vulnerable due to factors like poverty, abuse, or gender discrimination.
This document discusses past, present, and future trends in corrections. It addresses objectives like analyzing current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators. It also discusses the roles and issues of alternative correction systems as a developing trend. The document provides historical context on corrections from the 1700s to present day. It also examines issues like increasing prison populations and challenges of properly operating prisons in the future with challenges like lack of government involvement.
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1 Cour.docxJASS44
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define terms related to corrections.
1.1 Define all relevant vocabulary related to the correctional system within
the unit.
1.2 Define and understand professionalism in corrections.
2. Assess the purpose, implementation, and effectiveness of corrections.
2.1 Identify standards, training, and skills of correctional officers.
2.2 Identify what organizations exist that set standards in the field.
3. Trace the historical evolution of the correctional system.
3.1 Identify key people that have helped to reform the correctional system
over time.
Unit Lesson
The statistics currently indicate that crime has declined since the 1990s; however, the
number of people incarcerated or under some sort of correctional supervision has
continued to steadily increase. There are four reasons behind this phenomenon:
1. The tough on crime laws like three-strikes-laws have kept repeat offenders
incarcerated for extended lengths of time.
2. The War on Drugs has led to many arrests and convictions that have
increased incarcerated populations in every jurisdiction in the country.
3. Parole authorities now fear liability for inmates released early that re-offend.
4. Those that are out of jail and prison and on probation are more likely to violate
probation.
As the incarceration rate rises, it is important to realize that employment rates of
correctional officers and support staff will also continue to rise. In 1950 there were
approximately 27,000 people employed as correctional officers. Current statistics
indicate that number is now at 490,000 correctional officers. If you were to factor in the
increase in juvenile detention centers, probation and parole officers, administrators,
and other professionals in the correctional field, the number jumps to 748,000 people
employed in the correctional field (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015).
Corrections Place in the Criminal Justice System
Once a person is arrested, he or she is booked into jail. Law enforcement must then
present evidence to the prosecutor and the decision will be made to file formal
charges or release the person from custody. If a person is charged with a crime, he or
she must go before a judge in an initial, or first, appearance in court. At this time he or
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 1:
Corrections: An Overview
Chapter 2:
Punishments: A Brief
History
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Adjudication
2. Arraignment
3. Community
corrections
4. Corporal punishment
5. Cost-benefit analysis
6. Criminal law
7. Evidence-based
corrections
8. Hedonistic calculus
9. Institutional
corrections
10. Mores
11. Nolo contendere
12. Noninstitutional
corrections
13. Penal law
14. Sustainable justice
15. Utilitarianism
...
Eastern European countries appear to have become dependent on Ru.docxjoellemurphey
Eastern European countries appear to have become dependent on Russian oil originally due to the country being a reliable supplier to the European countries (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 76). Though the countries were allies with the United States, they were trying to become less dependent on the Middle East and saw that Russia was a reliable source. Much of this reliance was due to the “iron curtain” as well as the fact that many of the Eastern European countries were part of the Soviet Union in some way or affiliated with them.
It appears that much of the reason as to why these countries reached energy accords with Russia is due to the convenience. There was “limited access to storage and alternative sources of gas supply” (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 77). This pushed these countries to depend more on Russia, which appeared to be an easier access to gas supplies. Another reason might have been due to fear as the Kremlin punished Ukraine for voting for an anti-Moscow government (Bradshaw, 2015, p. 77). This action shows that many of these countries may have reached these accords due to the pressure and encouragement of the Soviet Government. In the 1980’s the dependence of European countries on Russian gas resources was 50-60%. In the 1970’s, many of the Eastern European countries also became reliant on Russia due to a greater demand of oil and gas. The surrounding countries that were providing resources were not able to keep up with the demand and thus these countries sought to get their sources from Russia. It also helped that Russia’s prices appeared to be lower than that of the world market (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 87-88). Due to the price of oil and gas and the availability, Eastern European countries were able to grow and build in gas import and its infrastructure, thus in turn causing it to be dependent on Russia.
Bradshaw, M. (2014).
Global Energy Dilemmas: Energy Security, Globalization, and Climate Change
. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Based on your considered review of this module’s readings as well as your reflection upon the first three modules, evaluate the questions below.
In retrospect it seems obvious, but exactly how and why did Eastern European countries come to depend on Russian oil and natural gas after World War II?
Why did the Western Europeans reach energy accords with the Russians in the 1970s and early 1980s, building large-scale natural gas import infrastructures and increasing their dependence on Russian gas?
.
EAS 209 Second Response Paper Topic Assignment Due .docxjoellemurphey
EAS 209
Second Response Paper Topic
>>>Assignment Due Date: Friday, October 12, 2018<<<
Write 350 words, excluding works cited and references, on the following topic:
Dipesh Chakrabarty cites John Stuart Mill to show one dimension of historicist
consciousness: “a recommendation to the colonized to wait.” What does Chakrabarty
mean by this phrase? Consider, e.g. why, according to Mill, “Indians, Africans, and other
‘rude’ nations” had to be consigned to what Chakrabarty called “an imaginary waiting
room of history.”
To respond to this question, you might find it helpful to consider Chakrabarty’s discussion
on historicism or “stagist theory of history.”
▪ Submit a hard copy in your Tutorial Section on Friday, October 12.
▪ Papers must be type-written, double-spaced, appearing in 12 points Times New Roman font or
its equivalent with 1” margins. Do not exceed 400 words. You are responsible for keeping an
extra copy of your own paper.
▪ The assignment does not ask you to conduct additional research. Papers that do not respond
to the given topic or do not follow the specific instructions described above will receive no
marks. No resubmission allowed.
▪ You need to present your argument logically and clearly, fully demonstrate the precise
understanding of Chakrabarty’s argument and substantiate your argument convincingly and
with details.
▪ Observe the Chicago Manual of Style referencing practice and properly cite the passages you
quote (i.e. author, title, page number, etc.). Works cited or references should not be counted
toward the 350 word limit.
▪ Any ideas or expressions that are not your own must be placed in quotation marks and
referenced with page number. Academic misconduct will not be tolerated. See:
http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/osai/The-rules/what-is-academic-misconduct
▪ You may share notes and discuss your ideas with others for preparation. But the paper you
submit must be exclusively written by you alone and in your own words clearly distinguishable
from others’. Papers that plagiarize, replicate others, or contain identical or near-identical
passages that appear in other papers will not be accepted or credited.
▪ You must proof-read before submission. Sentences that are incomplete or unintelligible will
not be read or credited.
▪ Late submission and papers submitted via e-mail will not be accepted or credited unless
under extraordinary circumstances. ABSOLUTELY NO EXCPETION!
http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/osai/The-rules/what-is-academic-misconduct
I N T R O D U C T I O N
The Idea of Provincializing Europe
Europe . . . since 1914 has become provincialized, . . .
only the natural sciences are able to call forth a
quick international echo.
(Hans-Georg Gadamer, 1977)
The West is a name for a subject which gathers itself in
discourse but is also an object constituted discursively;
it is, evidently, a name always associating itself with
those regions, communities, and peoples.
Earth Science LabIn what order do materials settle in waterSo t.docxjoellemurphey
Earth Science Lab:In what order do materials settle in water?
So this is my Topic:
In what order do materials settle in water? Design and carry out an experiment to determine the order in which different sized materials (e.g., sand, gravel, topsoil) settle out in water after they have been mixed up.
but i don't understand the question below:
What are some possible treatments you can use to answer your question? What are some variables that may influence your question, and are they variables that you can easily manipulate and test?
What can i write about the possible treatments?
.
EarlyIntervention Strategies Paper (15 points)The pu.docxjoellemurphey
Early
Intervention Strategies Paper (15 points)
The purpose of the presentation is to help classmates understand different types of intervention strategies for early intervention. Students will be expected to write a 5-7 page paper that is comprised of two parts. In Part I, the student will discuss the role of each of the following professionals that can comprise a treatment team in a maximum of 3 pages:
Developmental Teacher Occupational Therapist Physical Therapist Speech/Language Pathologist
Audiologist Vision Consultant Psychologist Pediatrician
Part II: Furthermore, each student will set up a site visit at a local agency or provider of services to young children and will spend some time observing a particular facility or program that cares for and provides services to infants and young children. The following list should be used to guide the observations. The student should summarize thefollowing information in at least 3 pages:
Name of the facility or program
Ages of the children served
History and philosophy of the facility or program
Structure of the facility or program (Co-Op, Pre-K, )
Services provided
Activities and routines in which the children engage
Adult to child ratio
Types of delays and disabilities of the children who attend this program
Family involvement
Type of setting: inclusive setting, provisions for inclusion
Curriculum used
Would you recommend this facility to a family with a child with a disability? Why or why not?
.
Early Hominids & Australopithecus SubscribeWhat is a too.docxjoellemurphey
Early Hominids & Australopithecus
Subscribe
What is a tool? Did
Sahelanthropus
,
Orrorin
,
Ardipithecus, or Australopithecus
use tools? What evidence shows that they used tools?
What do these groups represent for human evolution? Why are these hominids unique in human evolutionary history?
.
Early scholarly and philosophical manuscripts were in Greek. However.docxjoellemurphey
Early scholarly and philosophical manuscripts were in Greek. However, by the 5th century CE – and onward – language was mainly spread by conquests, trades, religious affiliations, technological advancements or entertainment. (Gascoigne, 2001). For example, as the geographic territory under Roman control grew, the use of Latin as a common language also spread. In areas under Roman control, Latin was the spoken and written language of the courts and commerce, as well as the language of the Christian church. As the Roman Empire expanded, Latin served as a common language that allowed for people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to be able to communicate.
Onward and by the early 14th century, the trend toward the use of vernacular language had spread throughout most of Europe. As monarchies throughout the region began to consolidate, the use of vernacular languages contributed to an increasing nationalism, or feeling of pride in one’s own nation, and in this case among people of similar linguistic backgrounds. People began to feel more connected to local leaders than they did to influences from afar. These sociopolitical shifts, along with the development of moveable type (the printing press), helped to ensure the success of the vernacular languages during the Renaissance.
Assignment:
The goal of this assignment is to research and report on the origins of vernacular language, and its spread while also providing evidence of Latin’s influence on all Western languages.
Choose one native language spoken in Europe, discuss the origins of the vernacular language and describe how the language spread.
As a whole, in what ways has Latin influenced Western language development?
Prepare a 2-page essay (not including cover page and works cited page) answering the questions stated above in APA format.
.
Early Learning & Developmental Guidelines July 2017 1 .docxjoellemurphey
Early Learning &
Developmental Guidelines
July 2017 1
Early Learning and Developmental Guidelines
This document provides current Web links to all State early learning and development guidelines (ELGs). At this
time, all 56 States and Territories have developed ELGs for preschool children, and virtually all have ELGs for
infants and toddlers. The following table provides the website for ELGs from the States.
State ELG Name and Web Site
ELG Age
Range
Alabama Alabama Early Learning Guidelines
http://dhr.alabama.gov/large_docs/aelg.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Alaska Early Learning Guidelines (2007)
https://education.alaska.gov/publications/earlylearningguidelines.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Arizona Early Learning Standards (2013)
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-
standards-3rd-edition.pdf
3 to 5 years
Arizona’s Infant and Toddler Developmental Guidelines (Draft)
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20
Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
Birth to 3
years
Arkansas Arkansas Child Development and Early Learning Standards (2016)
http://www.arheadstart.org/Ark_Early_Learning_Standards%20(19)%20(1).p
df
Birth to 5
years
California California Infant/Toddler Learning & Development Foundations (2009)
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itfoundations.asp
Birth to 3
years
California Preschool Learning Foundations, Volumes 1-3
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
3 to 5 years
Colorado Colorado Early Learning & Development Guidelines (2013)
https://www.cde.state.co.us/early/eldgs
Birth to 5
years
Connecticut Guidelines for the Development of Infant & Toddler Early Learning
http://www.ct.gov/dss/lib/dss/dss_early_learning_guidelines.pdf
Birth to 3
years
Connecticut Early Learning and Development Standards (2014)
http://www.ct.gov/oec/lib/oec/earlycare/elds/ctelds.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework (2008)
http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool_Assessment_
Framework.pdf
3 to 5 years
http://dhr.alabama.gov/large_docs/aelg.pdf
https://education.alaska.gov/publications/earlylearningguidelines.pdf
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-standards-3rd-edition.pdf
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-standards-3rd-edition.pdf
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itfoundations.asp
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
https://www.cde.state.co.us/early/eldgs
http://www.ct.gov/dss/lib/dss/dss_early_learning_guidelines.pdf
http://www.ct.gov/oec/lib/oec/earlycare/elds/ctelds.pdf
http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool.
Early Innovations and Their Impact Today Wilbur and Orville Wrig.docxjoellemurphey
Early Innovations and Their Impact Today
Wilbur and Orville Wright's innovative spirit allowed them to take their place in history. Their inventions have changed the way people live around the world. At the turn of the century, an explosion in technological achievements occurred. The same kind of energy that went into advances in aviation went into the development of automobiles, telephones, televisions, and immunizations to prevent diseases. These and other innovations and achievements continue to have an enormous impact on human life.
In this week's Discussion, you will analyze two technological innovations/achievements of the late 19th/early 20th century and describe the impact they have on life today.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Review Chapter 2 (pp.10–30) from this week's Learning Resources focusing on technological innovations and achievements around the globe.
Identify two significant technological innovations/achievements (such as the telephone, television, automobiles, and vaccinations) from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Consider the ways in which these technologies made an impact on society at the turn of the century.
Reflect on how these technologies continue to impact your life today.
Support your assertions by making at least 2 references, in proper APA format, to your course readings.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post by Day 3 a 2- to 3-paragraph analysis where you do the following:
Identify two significant technological innovations/achievements from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Describe, in your opinion, why you believe your choices were significant and created global impacts during that time period.
Explain how these two particular innovations/achievements impact the way you live today.
.
Early childhood professionals have an essential role in creating.docxjoellemurphey
Early childhood professionals have an essential role in creating and supporting stable, responsive environments that reduce and reverse the impact of adversity (Center on the Developing Child, 2015b). In this Discussion, you explore the impact of adverse experiences and the role of the early childhood professional in supporting healthy, nurturing developmental contexts.
.
Early Constitutional ControversiesIn 1788, Alexander Hamilton and .docxjoellemurphey
Early Constitutional Controversies
In 1788, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, who had both played active roles at the Constitutional Convention, worked together to write
The Federalist Papers
, a series of articles originally published in New York newspapers to convince readers to back the ratification of the Constitution. Constitutional scholars often refer to these papers to gain an appreciation of the “original intention” of the Framers, how those men expected the federal government to operate under the Constitution, and the powers they sought to grant or deny the federal government. By the early 1790s, however, Hamilton and Madison had divided over basic constitutional questions such as whether or not the federal government could charter a national bank. The American electorate, which had ratified the Constitution, had split on the issue as well, dividing into rival Federalist and Republican parties.
For this assignment, explore
one
significant constitutional controversy, from the first two decades of the United States under the Constitution (1789 to 1821). Topics to consider include:
The incorporation of the Bank of the United States
Debt assumption
The Jay Treaty
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Election of 1800
John Marshall’s use of judicial review
The Louisiana Purchase
The trial of Aaron Burr
Jefferson’s Embargo
Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
Missouri’s application for statehood
Describe opposing views of the topic under consideration, and explain how each side used the Constitution to support its position. Assess the validity of the two sides according to your own interpretation of the Constitution as well as according to how the Constitution and constitutional principles were understood at the time the controversy occurred.
The paper should draw from at least
one
primary source and
two
scholarly, secondary sources for a total of three sources (not including the Constitution itself). For assistance on the use of primary and secondary sources, please see sections 8.1 and 8.2 of the Ashford Writing Center. The secondary sources should be accessed through any of the academic databases available through the Ashford University library.
The paper must be three pages in length and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least three scholarly resources (at least two of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims and subclaims. Cite your resources in text and on the reference page. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.
.
Early Civilizations MatrixUsing your readings and outside sour.docxjoellemurphey
Early Civilizations Matrix
Using your readings and outside sources complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix:
•
Provide names, titles, dates, brief descriptions of important events, and other details as necessary.
•
Note the details of key political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities.
Be sure to properly cite the sources that you use in completing this matrix.
.
Early childhood teachers need to stay connected to what is occurring.docxjoellemurphey
Early childhood teachers need to stay connected to what is occurring in the community outside the classroom politically and economically because these factors will influence their classroom. Items of recent debate include social and emotional development, as well as technology in the early childhood classrooms.
For this assignment, take on the role of an early childhood teacher. The principal of your school has placed you on a committee to create a 12-15 slide digital presentation to inform families about current trends in early childhood education. Explain the trends and discuss whether they are developmentally appropriate for young children. In addition, include a description of the effect this trend has on student outcomes. The presentation should discuss early childhood trends and influences on the early childhood classroom in the following areas:
Political (legislative and regulatory)
Economic
Social-emotional
Technological
One trend of choice (e.g., assessment, physical fitness, play in the classroom, emergent curriculums, recess, common core)
Include a title slide, reference slide, and speaker’s notes in your digital presentation.
Use 3-5 scholarly resources to support your research
.
Early and Middle Adulthood PaperPrepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word.docxjoellemurphey
Early and Middle Adulthood Paper
Prepare
a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you examine the psychological adjustments to aging and lifestyle that occur within individuals during early and middle adulthood. Be sure to include the following:
Discuss how social and intimate relationships evolve and change during early and middle adulthood.
Identify various role changes that occur during early and middle adulthood.
Examine the immediate and future impact of healthy and unhealthy habits practiced during early and middle adulthood.
Use
a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources.
.
Earlier this semester, you participated in a class discussion about .docxjoellemurphey
Earlier this semester, you participated in a class discussion about the character of Bath de Chaucer's wife. You are aware of the complexity of her as a resourceful, cunning, open and ambitious woman. For this essay, I would like you to write a comparison / contrast essay in which you discuss the Wife of Bath as you compare or contrast one or more of these three well-known modern American women: Beyoncé Lil 'Kim, and / or Lady Gaga.
Think beyond and below cliches and perceptions. The comparison should not be disrespectful to these modern iconic women. Obviously, times have changed, and I am in no way suggesting that these modern women share all or even some of the qualities of the Wife of Bath, aside from her drive for independence, sovereignty, and success.
When developing the comparisons and contrasts of it, you should use AT LEAST THREE SOURCES to gather information and knowledge to support the claims and interpretations of it. These sources should be cited in the text and on a works cited page using a precise MLA documentation style.
You will write one essay of 500 - 600 words for this paper . This essay must be formatted in MLA Paper form.
Here is the reading about The character of Bath de Chaucer’s life
From The Canterbury Tales:
General Prologue
Here bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunterbury
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the root
And he bathed every veyne in swich liquor,
Of which virtue begotten is the flour;
5 Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth
The tender croppes, and the yonge ring
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,
And smale foweles maken melodye,
10 That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes
To ferne halwes, kowthe in probry londes;
15 And specially from every shires ende
Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende,
The hooly blisful martir for to seke
That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seeke.
Bifil that in that seson, on a day,
20 In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay
Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage
To Caunterbury with ful devout courage,
At nyght was come into that hostelrye
Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye
25 Of Sondry folk, by aventure yfalle
In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle,
That toward Caunterbury wolden ryde.
The rooms and the stables weren wyde,
And wel we weren esed att beste;
30 And shortly, whan the sonne was to rest,
So hadde I spoken with hem everichon
That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,
And made forward erly for to ryse
To take our wey, ther as I yow devyse.
35 But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space,
Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun
To tel yow to the conditio.
This document provides instruction on writing comparison and contrast essays. It discusses balancing points between topics, writing a strong thesis statement using a T-diagram, and following an effective structure. Specifically, it recommends determining if an essay will focus more on similarities or differences, and using a T-diagram to outline key points for each topic. This allows writers to logically organize their ideas and ensure equal coverage of topics in their essays. Effective introductions and conclusions are also important.
Earlean, please write these notes for me. October 01, 20181. My .docxjoellemurphey
Earlean, please write these notes for me. October 01, 2018
1. My name is Brittney, this is my first day in group, I am from Lake worth, my age is 25, Originally from California, I have been clean 83 days. She grew up Catholic. She is pregnant with her first child 6 weeks states she wants to be a good mother, she went to doctor today it is confirmed. A BOY
Brittney’s does not believe in God she believes the Universe
Tell me one positive thing about yourself? I am FUNNY.
2. Tessa, I am 20 years old, I am from Missouri, I have been clean 8 months, and I’m going home Friday. I have a sister that just relapsed 4 days a go with an overdose, beaten etc. and I am showing her tough love. I got some news that my best friend in New York overdose, so my feelings have been going back and forth. And I am supposed to be the strong one. But I’m OK.
I am Out Going and Determined to make it.
Tessa has a Buddha faith says karma is a bitch
Tessa wants to co to college in January, she stated I am the SIT, says her self esteem is high.
3. Megan, I am 20-year-old from Colorado, Arizona… I am grateful and kind.
Megan believes FLDS Mormon latter-day saints, believes in God, he is loving and caring.
4. Elizabeth, I am 19 years old from St. Louis, Missouri, I was adopted, and I am very CARING. She explained to me before group she was given her meds Seroquel, and she has not had it for 4 days, so she was in and out asleep, but when I called her name she did respond politely. Believes in God
5. She is concerned about going to jail, would like to go to culinary school but this will be her first year.
6. Julian, I am 31 years old I am a Hard Worker I work two jobs Java Juice, and Brews.
Believes in God, and she prays every morning, se shared when she relapsed she did not pray that morning. July 28.
7. Dawn, originally from New York, I have been married a long time with 3children I been living in Florida. My family does not know I have another side I am like a camelina to my family my entire life they had no idea I was smoking crack an that I am a Junky I have lost everything facing divorce
Dawn was raised Catholic and she believes in God. And she would love forgiveness from husband and children, wants a chance to be understood. Teresa stated understand yourself and be accountable to you first.
When Dawn shared her story, it detoured the SPIRITUALITY meeting because Tessa gave the first feedback. And Codependency, cross addictions, service work, was discussed between them. The director Teresa interjected and explained the meaning you are replacing one thing with something else like, going to the GYM, SHOPPING, RELATIONSHIPS, any distraction to get you outside of yourself, or to get validated by someone else. You are hurting you to help someone else.
Breaktime
.
eam Assignment 4 Teaming Across Distance and Culture..docxjoellemurphey
eam Assignment 4: Teaming Across Distance and Culture.
1. What are the major effects of the physical separation of group members? How can distance, in some cases, be beneficial to groups and teams?
2. What other areas of organizational behavior or design are impacted by information technology, and what are the implications for organizational change?
3. Brainstorm some ways to “redesign” your office space (or an office space you have previously worked in) on paper using virtual or flexible space, or flexible furniture. How would this redesign enhance successful teamwork?
4. What are some of the ways that cross-cultural teams are distinguished from other types of teams? What are some of the benefits and difficulties of building a cross-cultural team?
250 Words
.
ead the following articleMother Tongue Maintenance Among North .docxjoellemurphey
ead the following article:
Mother Tongue Maintenance Among North American Ethnic Groups
, Robert W. Shrauf
Address the following:
What are some of the factors behind both the loss and persistence of native languages?
Does losing or maintaining one's native language have any impact on one's degree of acculturation or assimilation?
.
eActivityGo to the United States Equal Employment Oppo.docxjoellemurphey
eActivity
Go to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s website to review discrimination types, located at
http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types
. Be prepared to discuss.
Employment Relationship and Discrimination" Please respond to the following:
From the e-activity, visit the EEOC website link provided and select any three (3) types of discrimination and discuss. What key laws are applicable to the discrimination types you selected?
.
Each year on or around June 15, communities and municipalities aroun.docxjoellemurphey
Each year on or around June 15, communities and municipalities around the world plan activities and programs to recognize World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, a day set aside to spread awareness of the abuse of the elderly (Center of Excellence on Elder Abuse & Neglect, 2013). The abuse of older adults is a growing concern and statistics suggest that the number of elders experiencing abuse is an alarmingly high number. Research suggests that close to half the people diagnosed with dementia experience some form of abuse (Cooper, C., Selwood, A., Blanchard, M., Walker, Z., Blizard, R., & Livingston, G., 2009; Wiglesworth, A., Mosqueda, L., Mulnard, R., Liao, S., Gibbs, L., & Fitzgerald, W., 2010, as cited on http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/Library/Data/index.aspx). Elder abuse takes on many forms and can include physical, emotional, psychological, and economic abuse. The legendary American actor, Mickey Rooney, spoke to the United States Senate, describing his own experiences of pain and neglect at the hands of his stepson, asking legislators to take seriously the abuse of the elderly.
Respond to colleagues by suggesting alternative strategies. The Original posts are contained in the attachement.
Support your responses with specific references to the Learning Resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
.
Eastern European countries appear to have become dependent on Ru.docxjoellemurphey
Eastern European countries appear to have become dependent on Russian oil originally due to the country being a reliable supplier to the European countries (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 76). Though the countries were allies with the United States, they were trying to become less dependent on the Middle East and saw that Russia was a reliable source. Much of this reliance was due to the “iron curtain” as well as the fact that many of the Eastern European countries were part of the Soviet Union in some way or affiliated with them.
It appears that much of the reason as to why these countries reached energy accords with Russia is due to the convenience. There was “limited access to storage and alternative sources of gas supply” (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 77). This pushed these countries to depend more on Russia, which appeared to be an easier access to gas supplies. Another reason might have been due to fear as the Kremlin punished Ukraine for voting for an anti-Moscow government (Bradshaw, 2015, p. 77). This action shows that many of these countries may have reached these accords due to the pressure and encouragement of the Soviet Government. In the 1980’s the dependence of European countries on Russian gas resources was 50-60%. In the 1970’s, many of the Eastern European countries also became reliant on Russia due to a greater demand of oil and gas. The surrounding countries that were providing resources were not able to keep up with the demand and thus these countries sought to get their sources from Russia. It also helped that Russia’s prices appeared to be lower than that of the world market (Bradshaw, 2014, p. 87-88). Due to the price of oil and gas and the availability, Eastern European countries were able to grow and build in gas import and its infrastructure, thus in turn causing it to be dependent on Russia.
Bradshaw, M. (2014).
Global Energy Dilemmas: Energy Security, Globalization, and Climate Change
. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Based on your considered review of this module’s readings as well as your reflection upon the first three modules, evaluate the questions below.
In retrospect it seems obvious, but exactly how and why did Eastern European countries come to depend on Russian oil and natural gas after World War II?
Why did the Western Europeans reach energy accords with the Russians in the 1970s and early 1980s, building large-scale natural gas import infrastructures and increasing their dependence on Russian gas?
.
EAS 209 Second Response Paper Topic Assignment Due .docxjoellemurphey
EAS 209
Second Response Paper Topic
>>>Assignment Due Date: Friday, October 12, 2018<<<
Write 350 words, excluding works cited and references, on the following topic:
Dipesh Chakrabarty cites John Stuart Mill to show one dimension of historicist
consciousness: “a recommendation to the colonized to wait.” What does Chakrabarty
mean by this phrase? Consider, e.g. why, according to Mill, “Indians, Africans, and other
‘rude’ nations” had to be consigned to what Chakrabarty called “an imaginary waiting
room of history.”
To respond to this question, you might find it helpful to consider Chakrabarty’s discussion
on historicism or “stagist theory of history.”
▪ Submit a hard copy in your Tutorial Section on Friday, October 12.
▪ Papers must be type-written, double-spaced, appearing in 12 points Times New Roman font or
its equivalent with 1” margins. Do not exceed 400 words. You are responsible for keeping an
extra copy of your own paper.
▪ The assignment does not ask you to conduct additional research. Papers that do not respond
to the given topic or do not follow the specific instructions described above will receive no
marks. No resubmission allowed.
▪ You need to present your argument logically and clearly, fully demonstrate the precise
understanding of Chakrabarty’s argument and substantiate your argument convincingly and
with details.
▪ Observe the Chicago Manual of Style referencing practice and properly cite the passages you
quote (i.e. author, title, page number, etc.). Works cited or references should not be counted
toward the 350 word limit.
▪ Any ideas or expressions that are not your own must be placed in quotation marks and
referenced with page number. Academic misconduct will not be tolerated. See:
http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/osai/The-rules/what-is-academic-misconduct
▪ You may share notes and discuss your ideas with others for preparation. But the paper you
submit must be exclusively written by you alone and in your own words clearly distinguishable
from others’. Papers that plagiarize, replicate others, or contain identical or near-identical
passages that appear in other papers will not be accepted or credited.
▪ You must proof-read before submission. Sentences that are incomplete or unintelligible will
not be read or credited.
▪ Late submission and papers submitted via e-mail will not be accepted or credited unless
under extraordinary circumstances. ABSOLUTELY NO EXCPETION!
http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/osai/The-rules/what-is-academic-misconduct
I N T R O D U C T I O N
The Idea of Provincializing Europe
Europe . . . since 1914 has become provincialized, . . .
only the natural sciences are able to call forth a
quick international echo.
(Hans-Georg Gadamer, 1977)
The West is a name for a subject which gathers itself in
discourse but is also an object constituted discursively;
it is, evidently, a name always associating itself with
those regions, communities, and peoples.
Earth Science LabIn what order do materials settle in waterSo t.docxjoellemurphey
Earth Science Lab:In what order do materials settle in water?
So this is my Topic:
In what order do materials settle in water? Design and carry out an experiment to determine the order in which different sized materials (e.g., sand, gravel, topsoil) settle out in water after they have been mixed up.
but i don't understand the question below:
What are some possible treatments you can use to answer your question? What are some variables that may influence your question, and are they variables that you can easily manipulate and test?
What can i write about the possible treatments?
.
EarlyIntervention Strategies Paper (15 points)The pu.docxjoellemurphey
Early
Intervention Strategies Paper (15 points)
The purpose of the presentation is to help classmates understand different types of intervention strategies for early intervention. Students will be expected to write a 5-7 page paper that is comprised of two parts. In Part I, the student will discuss the role of each of the following professionals that can comprise a treatment team in a maximum of 3 pages:
Developmental Teacher Occupational Therapist Physical Therapist Speech/Language Pathologist
Audiologist Vision Consultant Psychologist Pediatrician
Part II: Furthermore, each student will set up a site visit at a local agency or provider of services to young children and will spend some time observing a particular facility or program that cares for and provides services to infants and young children. The following list should be used to guide the observations. The student should summarize thefollowing information in at least 3 pages:
Name of the facility or program
Ages of the children served
History and philosophy of the facility or program
Structure of the facility or program (Co-Op, Pre-K, )
Services provided
Activities and routines in which the children engage
Adult to child ratio
Types of delays and disabilities of the children who attend this program
Family involvement
Type of setting: inclusive setting, provisions for inclusion
Curriculum used
Would you recommend this facility to a family with a child with a disability? Why or why not?
.
Early Hominids & Australopithecus SubscribeWhat is a too.docxjoellemurphey
Early Hominids & Australopithecus
Subscribe
What is a tool? Did
Sahelanthropus
,
Orrorin
,
Ardipithecus, or Australopithecus
use tools? What evidence shows that they used tools?
What do these groups represent for human evolution? Why are these hominids unique in human evolutionary history?
.
Early scholarly and philosophical manuscripts were in Greek. However.docxjoellemurphey
Early scholarly and philosophical manuscripts were in Greek. However, by the 5th century CE – and onward – language was mainly spread by conquests, trades, religious affiliations, technological advancements or entertainment. (Gascoigne, 2001). For example, as the geographic territory under Roman control grew, the use of Latin as a common language also spread. In areas under Roman control, Latin was the spoken and written language of the courts and commerce, as well as the language of the Christian church. As the Roman Empire expanded, Latin served as a common language that allowed for people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to be able to communicate.
Onward and by the early 14th century, the trend toward the use of vernacular language had spread throughout most of Europe. As monarchies throughout the region began to consolidate, the use of vernacular languages contributed to an increasing nationalism, or feeling of pride in one’s own nation, and in this case among people of similar linguistic backgrounds. People began to feel more connected to local leaders than they did to influences from afar. These sociopolitical shifts, along with the development of moveable type (the printing press), helped to ensure the success of the vernacular languages during the Renaissance.
Assignment:
The goal of this assignment is to research and report on the origins of vernacular language, and its spread while also providing evidence of Latin’s influence on all Western languages.
Choose one native language spoken in Europe, discuss the origins of the vernacular language and describe how the language spread.
As a whole, in what ways has Latin influenced Western language development?
Prepare a 2-page essay (not including cover page and works cited page) answering the questions stated above in APA format.
.
Early Learning & Developmental Guidelines July 2017 1 .docxjoellemurphey
Early Learning &
Developmental Guidelines
July 2017 1
Early Learning and Developmental Guidelines
This document provides current Web links to all State early learning and development guidelines (ELGs). At this
time, all 56 States and Territories have developed ELGs for preschool children, and virtually all have ELGs for
infants and toddlers. The following table provides the website for ELGs from the States.
State ELG Name and Web Site
ELG Age
Range
Alabama Alabama Early Learning Guidelines
http://dhr.alabama.gov/large_docs/aelg.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Alaska Early Learning Guidelines (2007)
https://education.alaska.gov/publications/earlylearningguidelines.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Arizona Early Learning Standards (2013)
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-
standards-3rd-edition.pdf
3 to 5 years
Arizona’s Infant and Toddler Developmental Guidelines (Draft)
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20
Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
Birth to 3
years
Arkansas Arkansas Child Development and Early Learning Standards (2016)
http://www.arheadstart.org/Ark_Early_Learning_Standards%20(19)%20(1).p
df
Birth to 5
years
California California Infant/Toddler Learning & Development Foundations (2009)
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itfoundations.asp
Birth to 3
years
California Preschool Learning Foundations, Volumes 1-3
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
3 to 5 years
Colorado Colorado Early Learning & Development Guidelines (2013)
https://www.cde.state.co.us/early/eldgs
Birth to 5
years
Connecticut Guidelines for the Development of Infant & Toddler Early Learning
http://www.ct.gov/dss/lib/dss/dss_early_learning_guidelines.pdf
Birth to 3
years
Connecticut Early Learning and Development Standards (2014)
http://www.ct.gov/oec/lib/oec/earlycare/elds/ctelds.pdf
Birth to 5
years
Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework (2008)
http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool_Assessment_
Framework.pdf
3 to 5 years
http://dhr.alabama.gov/large_docs/aelg.pdf
https://education.alaska.gov/publications/earlylearningguidelines.pdf
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-standards-3rd-edition.pdf
http://www.azed.gov/early-childhood/files/2011/11/arizona-early-learning-standards-3rd-edition.pdf
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
http://www.azftf.gov/Documents/Arizona%20Infant%20and%20Toddler%20Developmental%20Guidelines%20DRAFT%20for%20VETTING.pdf
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itfoundations.asp
http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
https://www.cde.state.co.us/early/eldgs
http://www.ct.gov/dss/lib/dss/dss_early_learning_guidelines.pdf
http://www.ct.gov/oec/lib/oec/earlycare/elds/ctelds.pdf
http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool.
Early Innovations and Their Impact Today Wilbur and Orville Wrig.docxjoellemurphey
Early Innovations and Their Impact Today
Wilbur and Orville Wright's innovative spirit allowed them to take their place in history. Their inventions have changed the way people live around the world. At the turn of the century, an explosion in technological achievements occurred. The same kind of energy that went into advances in aviation went into the development of automobiles, telephones, televisions, and immunizations to prevent diseases. These and other innovations and achievements continue to have an enormous impact on human life.
In this week's Discussion, you will analyze two technological innovations/achievements of the late 19th/early 20th century and describe the impact they have on life today.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Review Chapter 2 (pp.10–30) from this week's Learning Resources focusing on technological innovations and achievements around the globe.
Identify two significant technological innovations/achievements (such as the telephone, television, automobiles, and vaccinations) from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Consider the ways in which these technologies made an impact on society at the turn of the century.
Reflect on how these technologies continue to impact your life today.
Support your assertions by making at least 2 references, in proper APA format, to your course readings.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post by Day 3 a 2- to 3-paragraph analysis where you do the following:
Identify two significant technological innovations/achievements from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Describe, in your opinion, why you believe your choices were significant and created global impacts during that time period.
Explain how these two particular innovations/achievements impact the way you live today.
.
Early childhood professionals have an essential role in creating.docxjoellemurphey
Early childhood professionals have an essential role in creating and supporting stable, responsive environments that reduce and reverse the impact of adversity (Center on the Developing Child, 2015b). In this Discussion, you explore the impact of adverse experiences and the role of the early childhood professional in supporting healthy, nurturing developmental contexts.
.
Early Constitutional ControversiesIn 1788, Alexander Hamilton and .docxjoellemurphey
Early Constitutional Controversies
In 1788, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, who had both played active roles at the Constitutional Convention, worked together to write
The Federalist Papers
, a series of articles originally published in New York newspapers to convince readers to back the ratification of the Constitution. Constitutional scholars often refer to these papers to gain an appreciation of the “original intention” of the Framers, how those men expected the federal government to operate under the Constitution, and the powers they sought to grant or deny the federal government. By the early 1790s, however, Hamilton and Madison had divided over basic constitutional questions such as whether or not the federal government could charter a national bank. The American electorate, which had ratified the Constitution, had split on the issue as well, dividing into rival Federalist and Republican parties.
For this assignment, explore
one
significant constitutional controversy, from the first two decades of the United States under the Constitution (1789 to 1821). Topics to consider include:
The incorporation of the Bank of the United States
Debt assumption
The Jay Treaty
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Election of 1800
John Marshall’s use of judicial review
The Louisiana Purchase
The trial of Aaron Burr
Jefferson’s Embargo
Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
Missouri’s application for statehood
Describe opposing views of the topic under consideration, and explain how each side used the Constitution to support its position. Assess the validity of the two sides according to your own interpretation of the Constitution as well as according to how the Constitution and constitutional principles were understood at the time the controversy occurred.
The paper should draw from at least
one
primary source and
two
scholarly, secondary sources for a total of three sources (not including the Constitution itself). For assistance on the use of primary and secondary sources, please see sections 8.1 and 8.2 of the Ashford Writing Center. The secondary sources should be accessed through any of the academic databases available through the Ashford University library.
The paper must be three pages in length and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least three scholarly resources (at least two of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims and subclaims. Cite your resources in text and on the reference page. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.
.
Early Civilizations MatrixUsing your readings and outside sour.docxjoellemurphey
Early Civilizations Matrix
Using your readings and outside sources complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix:
•
Provide names, titles, dates, brief descriptions of important events, and other details as necessary.
•
Note the details of key political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities.
Be sure to properly cite the sources that you use in completing this matrix.
.
Early childhood teachers need to stay connected to what is occurring.docxjoellemurphey
Early childhood teachers need to stay connected to what is occurring in the community outside the classroom politically and economically because these factors will influence their classroom. Items of recent debate include social and emotional development, as well as technology in the early childhood classrooms.
For this assignment, take on the role of an early childhood teacher. The principal of your school has placed you on a committee to create a 12-15 slide digital presentation to inform families about current trends in early childhood education. Explain the trends and discuss whether they are developmentally appropriate for young children. In addition, include a description of the effect this trend has on student outcomes. The presentation should discuss early childhood trends and influences on the early childhood classroom in the following areas:
Political (legislative and regulatory)
Economic
Social-emotional
Technological
One trend of choice (e.g., assessment, physical fitness, play in the classroom, emergent curriculums, recess, common core)
Include a title slide, reference slide, and speaker’s notes in your digital presentation.
Use 3-5 scholarly resources to support your research
.
Early and Middle Adulthood PaperPrepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word.docxjoellemurphey
Early and Middle Adulthood Paper
Prepare
a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you examine the psychological adjustments to aging and lifestyle that occur within individuals during early and middle adulthood. Be sure to include the following:
Discuss how social and intimate relationships evolve and change during early and middle adulthood.
Identify various role changes that occur during early and middle adulthood.
Examine the immediate and future impact of healthy and unhealthy habits practiced during early and middle adulthood.
Use
a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources.
.
Earlier this semester, you participated in a class discussion about .docxjoellemurphey
Earlier this semester, you participated in a class discussion about the character of Bath de Chaucer's wife. You are aware of the complexity of her as a resourceful, cunning, open and ambitious woman. For this essay, I would like you to write a comparison / contrast essay in which you discuss the Wife of Bath as you compare or contrast one or more of these three well-known modern American women: Beyoncé Lil 'Kim, and / or Lady Gaga.
Think beyond and below cliches and perceptions. The comparison should not be disrespectful to these modern iconic women. Obviously, times have changed, and I am in no way suggesting that these modern women share all or even some of the qualities of the Wife of Bath, aside from her drive for independence, sovereignty, and success.
When developing the comparisons and contrasts of it, you should use AT LEAST THREE SOURCES to gather information and knowledge to support the claims and interpretations of it. These sources should be cited in the text and on a works cited page using a precise MLA documentation style.
You will write one essay of 500 - 600 words for this paper . This essay must be formatted in MLA Paper form.
Here is the reading about The character of Bath de Chaucer’s life
From The Canterbury Tales:
General Prologue
Here bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunterbury
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the root
And he bathed every veyne in swich liquor,
Of which virtue begotten is the flour;
5 Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth
The tender croppes, and the yonge ring
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,
And smale foweles maken melodye,
10 That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes
To ferne halwes, kowthe in probry londes;
15 And specially from every shires ende
Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende,
The hooly blisful martir for to seke
That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seeke.
Bifil that in that seson, on a day,
20 In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay
Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage
To Caunterbury with ful devout courage,
At nyght was come into that hostelrye
Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye
25 Of Sondry folk, by aventure yfalle
In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle,
That toward Caunterbury wolden ryde.
The rooms and the stables weren wyde,
And wel we weren esed att beste;
30 And shortly, whan the sonne was to rest,
So hadde I spoken with hem everichon
That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,
And made forward erly for to ryse
To take our wey, ther as I yow devyse.
35 But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space,
Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun
To tel yow to the conditio.
This document provides instruction on writing comparison and contrast essays. It discusses balancing points between topics, writing a strong thesis statement using a T-diagram, and following an effective structure. Specifically, it recommends determining if an essay will focus more on similarities or differences, and using a T-diagram to outline key points for each topic. This allows writers to logically organize their ideas and ensure equal coverage of topics in their essays. Effective introductions and conclusions are also important.
Earlean, please write these notes for me. October 01, 20181. My .docxjoellemurphey
Earlean, please write these notes for me. October 01, 2018
1. My name is Brittney, this is my first day in group, I am from Lake worth, my age is 25, Originally from California, I have been clean 83 days. She grew up Catholic. She is pregnant with her first child 6 weeks states she wants to be a good mother, she went to doctor today it is confirmed. A BOY
Brittney’s does not believe in God she believes the Universe
Tell me one positive thing about yourself? I am FUNNY.
2. Tessa, I am 20 years old, I am from Missouri, I have been clean 8 months, and I’m going home Friday. I have a sister that just relapsed 4 days a go with an overdose, beaten etc. and I am showing her tough love. I got some news that my best friend in New York overdose, so my feelings have been going back and forth. And I am supposed to be the strong one. But I’m OK.
I am Out Going and Determined to make it.
Tessa has a Buddha faith says karma is a bitch
Tessa wants to co to college in January, she stated I am the SIT, says her self esteem is high.
3. Megan, I am 20-year-old from Colorado, Arizona… I am grateful and kind.
Megan believes FLDS Mormon latter-day saints, believes in God, he is loving and caring.
4. Elizabeth, I am 19 years old from St. Louis, Missouri, I was adopted, and I am very CARING. She explained to me before group she was given her meds Seroquel, and she has not had it for 4 days, so she was in and out asleep, but when I called her name she did respond politely. Believes in God
5. She is concerned about going to jail, would like to go to culinary school but this will be her first year.
6. Julian, I am 31 years old I am a Hard Worker I work two jobs Java Juice, and Brews.
Believes in God, and she prays every morning, se shared when she relapsed she did not pray that morning. July 28.
7. Dawn, originally from New York, I have been married a long time with 3children I been living in Florida. My family does not know I have another side I am like a camelina to my family my entire life they had no idea I was smoking crack an that I am a Junky I have lost everything facing divorce
Dawn was raised Catholic and she believes in God. And she would love forgiveness from husband and children, wants a chance to be understood. Teresa stated understand yourself and be accountable to you first.
When Dawn shared her story, it detoured the SPIRITUALITY meeting because Tessa gave the first feedback. And Codependency, cross addictions, service work, was discussed between them. The director Teresa interjected and explained the meaning you are replacing one thing with something else like, going to the GYM, SHOPPING, RELATIONSHIPS, any distraction to get you outside of yourself, or to get validated by someone else. You are hurting you to help someone else.
Breaktime
.
eam Assignment 4 Teaming Across Distance and Culture..docxjoellemurphey
eam Assignment 4: Teaming Across Distance and Culture.
1. What are the major effects of the physical separation of group members? How can distance, in some cases, be beneficial to groups and teams?
2. What other areas of organizational behavior or design are impacted by information technology, and what are the implications for organizational change?
3. Brainstorm some ways to “redesign” your office space (or an office space you have previously worked in) on paper using virtual or flexible space, or flexible furniture. How would this redesign enhance successful teamwork?
4. What are some of the ways that cross-cultural teams are distinguished from other types of teams? What are some of the benefits and difficulties of building a cross-cultural team?
250 Words
.
ead the following articleMother Tongue Maintenance Among North .docxjoellemurphey
ead the following article:
Mother Tongue Maintenance Among North American Ethnic Groups
, Robert W. Shrauf
Address the following:
What are some of the factors behind both the loss and persistence of native languages?
Does losing or maintaining one's native language have any impact on one's degree of acculturation or assimilation?
.
eActivityGo to the United States Equal Employment Oppo.docxjoellemurphey
eActivity
Go to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s website to review discrimination types, located at
http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types
. Be prepared to discuss.
Employment Relationship and Discrimination" Please respond to the following:
From the e-activity, visit the EEOC website link provided and select any three (3) types of discrimination and discuss. What key laws are applicable to the discrimination types you selected?
.
Each year on or around June 15, communities and municipalities aroun.docxjoellemurphey
Each year on or around June 15, communities and municipalities around the world plan activities and programs to recognize World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, a day set aside to spread awareness of the abuse of the elderly (Center of Excellence on Elder Abuse & Neglect, 2013). The abuse of older adults is a growing concern and statistics suggest that the number of elders experiencing abuse is an alarmingly high number. Research suggests that close to half the people diagnosed with dementia experience some form of abuse (Cooper, C., Selwood, A., Blanchard, M., Walker, Z., Blizard, R., & Livingston, G., 2009; Wiglesworth, A., Mosqueda, L., Mulnard, R., Liao, S., Gibbs, L., & Fitzgerald, W., 2010, as cited on http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/Library/Data/index.aspx). Elder abuse takes on many forms and can include physical, emotional, psychological, and economic abuse. The legendary American actor, Mickey Rooney, spoke to the United States Senate, describing his own experiences of pain and neglect at the hands of his stepson, asking legislators to take seriously the abuse of the elderly.
Respond to colleagues by suggesting alternative strategies. The Original posts are contained in the attachement.
Support your responses with specific references to the Learning Resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Running Head CORUPTION IN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM CORUPTIO.docx
1. Running Head: CORUPTION IN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM
CORUPTION IN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM 6
Corruption in Correctional System
AIU Online
Amanda Green
Our correctional system in the United States of America
has been under critical public scrutiny. Reports from
commissions and individuals indicate that the reality in these
centers has been changing and administrators of these centers
are working day and night towards making these institutions the
best so as to meet their objectives. As a matter of fact, our
correctional centers are increasingly changing because of the
ongoing environmental changes and other changes such as
program issues, overcrowding, security issues, personnel
management, legal issues, technological changes, privatization,
and budgetary concerns among others. This essay will examine
corruption among administrators and security personnel in the
correctional centers within the United States of America.
Correctional systems have been designed in such a way
that they handle and punish offenders or those individuals who
break laws in different ways. Some of these systems are
community based whereby an individual who has committed a
certain crime is put into a confinement and he/she is made to
provide community service as he/she undergoes reformation. In
other centers, individuals or offenders of different crimes are
2. fined and if the individual will not be able to raise enough funds
to pay for his/her fine then such an individual is put under
confinement where he/she will serve a jail term depending on
the type of crime he/she had committed. Offenders of different
criminal activities are always placed under half way houses
where they serve as under probation before being shipped to the
prison (Abadinsky, 2014).
More often than not, the U.S Department of Correction in
collaboration with the Federal government, State government
and with the Local government have been providing resources
and facilities to the different correctional centers that have been
established in the United States of America. In addition to this,
the department provides guidance and counseling as well as
educational programs to these individuals as part of the
reformation process.
Reports indicate that, corrupt practices occurring behind
correctional systems in the United States of America has
reached to the general public. These practices range from
pilferage and theft to drug trafficking involving the inmates, the
administrators and the police force in these centers. To this
effect, corruption in the correctional systems has been seen as
the weakening of the established correctional practices and the
established ethics which are acting as the guiding principles.
Professionals have identified three types of corruption in the
correctional system within the United States of America. Theft
as corrupt practice in the correctional systems occurs when
reports of items belonging to the staff members as well as those
belonging to the inmates are stolen by unknown people. In
other instances, security personnel and other members of staff
in these centers conspire with the inmates and the civilians and
they smuggle contrabands such as money or drugs into the
center and vice versa.
In addition to this, police officers and staff members in
correctional centers are engaging themselves in intentional
misuse of property or discretion for personal gain. Under this
form of corruption police officers accept rewards or gratuities
3. from inmates and in response they give them special
consideration when it comes to provision of normal privileges
in these centers. In addition to this, police officers accept
gratitude from inmates and family members and in response
they protect prisoners who are involved in illicit activities such
as gambling in prison. Apart from this, other reports indicate
that police officers in these institutions mistreat and extort
inmates. Mistreatment of inmates by police officers has been
the main cause of death among these inmates and family
members and the society at large have criticized the government
and the responsible authorities from their failure to take
immediate action against police officers and staff members in
these institutions who are solely responsible for corrupt
activities (Pollock, 2012).
Recommendation on how corrupt among police and correctional
systems can be reduced
It is quite evident that preventing corrupting among the
police officers as well as in the correctional centers is a tall
order. As a matter of fact, there is need for all members of the
society, police department, and staff members in these
correctional centers to be involved in the fight against this
activity. I recommend the implementation of the following.
· There is need for the hiring of police officers who are of good
character. The police officers and staff members working in the
corrective systems should be of good character so as to avoid
getting involved in corruption.
· Stricter screening methods should be put in place in the
corrective systems and centers. Through these screening police
officers and staff members involved in corruption will be
caught.
· Police officers and staff members in the corrective centers
should be provided with enough incentives. A of the main cause
of corruption among police officers and staff members in the
corrective centers is poor salaries, thus the community and the
government should provide incentives to these individuals.
4. · There is need for the promotion of ethics among the police
officers and the staff in the corrective centers. Training program
should be introduced whereby these individuals undergo
training to equip them with adequate skills and knowledge on
how they will avoid corruption.
Outline of the final paper
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Causes of corruption among police officers
4 Effects of corruption in the police department and in the
correctional centers
5. Recommendations
6. Conclusion
7. References
References
Abadinsky, H. (2014). Drug use and abuse: A comprehensive
introduction.
Pollock, J. M. (2012). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in
criminal justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage
Learning
Running Head: DIFFERENTIAL AND INEQUITABLE
TREATMENT
Running Head: DIFFERENTIAL AND INEQUITABLE
TREATMENT 2
Differential and Inequitable Treatment
AIU Online
Amanda Green
Group Project
5. The main pillar of democracy across the globe and in the United
States of America to be specific is seen when lawbreakers
regardless of gender, race or ethnicity are apprehended and
punished without any favoritism. As a matter of fact, for this
system of justice to remain viable and effective then, the
general public should be satisfied with every stage from the
time the investigation over the crime at hand is conducted by
the police officers or by the individuals who are responsible up
to the time when the jury gives their final verdict. Indeed the
rule of law demands that all individuals are treated alike
regardless of race, gender, and ethnicity because the
constitution of the United States of America guarantees all
citizens equal treatment (Barak et.al, 2007).
As opposed to the ideal system as per the constitution, our
present day criminal justice system is totally astray and it is
characterized by differential and inequitable between different
races and ethnic groups especially in the policing courts and
corrections. Unequal treatment different minorities between
different minorities at each stage for example, the blacks,
Hispanic Americans, and other minority groups are victimized
by the other police and other officials in the front line of the
law enforcement. In addition to this, the prosecutors engage in
discriminatory sentencing practices and in addition to this
judges and other criminal officials have totally failed to address
racial and ethnic inequalities in the entire criminal system in the
United States of America.
For obvious differential and the unequal treatment encountered
by different racial and ethnic groups in the policing courts and
corrections has affected both the guilty minority and innocent
citizens and it is manifested in the mushrooming prison
population who are overwhelmingly the black and the Hispanic
Americans. It is quite evident that there is a widely held belief
that the blacks and the Hispanic Americans engage in criminal
activities as opposed to the minority white population.
It is quite evident that, our society has changed totally and there
6. are a number of contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime
and the administration of justice. In terms of cultural diversity,
the issue of gender, race, and class in matters of criminal
activities and administration of justice has taken a new course
and different inquiries are interested in these variables because
our society is an amalgam of different races and ethnic groups.
In addition to this, the entire world has been revolutionized by
technology and criminals have devised new ways of engaging in
criminal activities and this has forced the administrators of
justice to come up with new ways of handling or administering
justice in the United States of America for example, they make
use of video conferencing.
The history of race, ethnicity, and social class in the United
States of America Criminal justice system has been about the
imagined differences between non-criminals and criminals in
the society. For quite a very long period of time, the white race
has been treated different as compared to other races and
ethnicity and this practiced has continued up to date. An
examination on the criminal system shows that the blacks and
the Hispanic Americans are overrepresented in most of the
prisons as compared to the population of the white. Most of the
individuals have been having the notion that the blacks and the
Hispanic Americans engage themselves in the criminal activities
(Anderson. Et.al, 2007).
A theoretical perspective has been used by professionals to
explain cultural diversity and criminal justice. Some of the
theoretical perspectives includes: post-Marxism, post-feminism,
and post-affirmative actions among others. These theoretical
perspectives explain gender, race, and class among other
variables which are thought to be the main causes of criminal
activities. Criminal studies shows that, the above mentioned
theoretical perspectives are rich in information that is used to
explain the differences in the percentage of criminal activities
between different cultures as well as the application of different
justice by the responsible authorities.
7. References
Anderson, J. F., Dyson, L., Langsam, A., & Brooks, W. J.
(2007). Criminal justice and criminology: Terms, concepts,
and cases. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.
Barak, G., Leighton, P., & Flavin, J. (2007). Class, race,
gender, and crime: The social realities of justice in
America. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Running head: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1
POLICE CORRUPTION 7
Police Corruption
American Intercontinental University Online
Gianna R. Long
Unit 4 Group Project – Individual Portion
CRJS 410, Section 01
December 4, 2014
Running head: POLICE CORRUPTION 1
LOSS PREVENTION POLICIES 2
Introduction
In the criminal justice system, internal issues of police brutality
can surface when there is neglect or improper management from
supervisors in law enforcement. Police brutality is defined as
individuals suffering from "acts of unjustified cruelty" at the
hand of police officers ("Police Brutality," 2002, para. 1). This
analysis is a description of the administered abused by police
toward suspected gang-affiliates. Complaints against the law
enforcement agency in question will be taken into account when
considering the probable methods used to address the issue of
police brutality.
8. Corrupt Practices
One of the priority concerns is the factor of physical
abuse. It has been claimed by citizens and inmates that the
entire police unit is administering physical punishment,
specifically toward teenagers that are suspected of having
connections with certain gangs in the area. The key in this
instance is to target supervisors and those in management
positions in order to thwart the abuse. When the highest level of
supervision becomes corrupt, it is easy for that system to allow
abuse. Prevention is the best form of management.
An overwhelming 90% of inmates had come forward to
declare that they had been brutally beaten by administration.
The United Nations Code of Conduct for Law-Enforcement
Officials proclaims that use of force is only lawful when it is
"strictly necessary," as explained in Article 3 of the document
(Ochs & Gonzalzles, 2014, Significance section, para. 2).
Individuals who confront officers in dangerous situations, i.e.,
suspects who draw firearms or weapons at police in order to
resist arrest, are rightfully subdued under restriction of the law.
This means using what is known as necessary force. However,
the inmates and citizens interviewed in the case against corrupt
law enforcement have confessed to unlawful force and
punishment used.
The basic principles of the Code of Conduct state that
force should only be administered if the situation allows for it
to be "unavoidable" (Ochs & Gonzalzles, 2014, Significance
section, para. 2). The abused inmates in this particular scenario
had admitted to being beaten for "walking funny," which is
most definitely not an offense at all under U.S. jurisdiction, and
is especially not something that should be punishable in such a
brutal way. The terms "reasonable" and "necessary" are
important when determining the appropriate level of punishment
for inmates who do not maintain order within prison (Gabbidon
& Taylor, 2013, p. 103). Witness testimonies would reveal that
no true crime has been committed on behalf of the inmates in
question.
9. Evidence
Certain pieces of evidence have been submitted for further
inspection. For instance, photograph evidence of police brutally
attacking teenagers in the streets, all for the purpose of
unnecessary suspicion that the teens were involved in gang
activity. Citizens had provided the photographs, as well as
audio evidence that included a statement from a police officer
that said the attacks on teenagers were justified in order to
"make an example of them." In this statement, the police have
clearly taken their boundaries above the limit and the extent of
criminal law. Inmates had also reported abuse after not
following a strict "30-second meal" rule.
The following list will explain the proper protocol for
what should occur next:
· According to Ochs & Gonzalzles (2014, Background section,
para. 4), law enforcement institutions should attempt to have
responsible relationships with both the public and inmates, due
to the importance of establishing balance and abiding by the
law.
· The main objective is to keep peace, and peace is not achieved
by abusing power. Branches of government contain a specific
amount of "law and order."
· Law enforcement must retain responsibility by upholding a
respectful reputation, and must have a reputation that pertains
toward the protection of all society (Ochs & Gonzalzles, 2014,
Prevalence section, para. 6).
· Protect society through the prevention of unlawful force,
because unlawful acts create a rift between police and citizens.
· U.S. Constitution should provide the guidelines for police to
administer proper reinforcement. The 8th Amendment of the
Constitution limits the amount of abuse made by the criminal
justice system, which includes the method of punishments
administered to inmates, as well as unusual and cruel
punishments (Levy, 2014, para. 1).
· Police officers who abuse power should be reprimanded for
10. their behavior. The U.S. Constitution defines "excessive" force,
which is discussed in the Due Process laws that should protect
inmates from being abused and citizens from being
unnecessarily stopped and frisked (Levy, 2014, para. 3).
· Loss of property and fines should result in obvious instances
of abuse. Criminal justice professionals should receive
maximum penalty of the law if they violate rules stated by the
Constitution.
· The seriousness of attacks against citizens and inmates should
be taken into consideration when determining the proper
punishment from law enforcement, who abuse power. Such
factors include "reasonableness and proportionally" in terms of
criminal infraction (Levy, 2014, para. 3). References
Gabbidon, S. L. & Taylor, H. G. (2013). Race and crime (3rd.
ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved
from
http://www.coursesmart.com/SR/4774745/9781452202600/i?__h
dv=6.8
Levy, M. (2014). Eighth Amendment. Encyclopædia Britannica,.
Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/login.aspx?dir
ect=true&db=ers&AN=87323510&site=eds-live&scope=site
Ochs, H. L., & Gonzalzles, K. M. (2014). Police brutality.
Salem Press Encyclopedia,. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/login.aspx?dir
ect=true&db=ers&AN=95343013&site=eds-live&scope=site
Police brutality. (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale.
Retrieved from
http://search.credoreference.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/content/e
ntry/worldcrims/police_brutality/0
Outline
1. Introduction of scenario
2. What is police corruption?
11. a. How does the majority of police corruption occur?
i. Treating inmates improperly
ii. Violation of 8th Amendment rights against cruel and unusual
punishment
3. Examples of police corruption in scenario
a. Regular physical punishment by reported 90% of inmates
b. Disproportionate retribution
i. Inmates beaten when "walking suspicious"
ii. Punished for not finishing meals quick enough
iii. Assault on alleged teenaged gang members
1. Photographs as proof of incidents
2. Witness testimony from citizens
3. Audio proof of police officers threatening to make an
example out of gang-affiliates
4. Recommendation for improvement
a. Acknowledge corruption
i. Addressing complains made by inmates and citizens
ii. Using photographs and audio as evidence against corruption
b. What tools can law enforcement use to avoid improper
treatment?
i. Community policing
1. Meeting held between law enforcement agency and concerned
citizens
2. Citizens work with police to provide better outlook on
community laws
3. Citizens protecting one another in abiding by State
legislature
4. Police officers equipped with video surveillance to ensure
police brutality does not happen
ii. Enforce stricter 8th Amendment laws
5. Conclusion
6. References
Corrupt Practices of Police and Corrections
Law enforcement as well as corrections personnel are
12. constantly exposed to numerous forms of corruption. They are
confronted with less than ideal conditions or outside their
comfort level. Researchers have attempted to explain why these
individuals succumb to corruption calling it functional
explanation. In other words, corruption is fundamental in
society’s struggle to implement ineffective laws. Many types of
deviance violate the Code of Ethics these officers were sworn to
uphold in addition to it being illegal. These include perjury,
bribery, excessive force beyond legitimate police functions,
misuse of authority, etc. (Barnhart, 2010).
In the correctional system, there has always been a
continuous issue with corruption. Although there are many
reasons why corruption occurs, however, the vast majority agree
that the main reason why officers get involved with corruption
is of personal financial gain (McCarthy,n.d.).
Corruption in the Police Department is also a problem that
affects law enforcement officers as well as the citizens in the
community. It is said that power unavoidably leans toward
corruption and although there is no reason to assume that
officers are any different from other people, society considers
corruption a bigger offense when it involves law enforcement
personnel, leaving the citizens with a sense of betrayal. "Most
studies support the opinion that corruption is widespread in
police departments. The risk of corruption for police is that it
may void the goals of the department and may lead to misuse of
authority increasing and producing more crime instead of
discouraging it (Analysis of Police Corruption,n.d.).
Recommendations on addressing Police and Corrections
Corruption
· Prescreening potential officers
· Although potential officers are interviewed and given
psychological screenings prior to being considered for the
position, it is recommended that a more in depth background
checks and psychological screenings is administered (White,
13. 1999).
· Community involvement
· The community as a whole should get involved with their local
law enforcement agencies. The police agency has the task of
monitoring their own officers, however, the support and
assistance from its community is encouraged. The community
may establish review boards that can keep an eye on the police
agency (Analysis of Police Corruption,n.d.).
· Ethics Training
· Ethics training should not only be offered prior to employment
but throughout the officer’s career. In certain departments as
vice and narcotics, it has been determined that corruption is
higher. Ethics personnel should monitor these departments
regularly in an effort to pro-actively prevent or minimize
corruption (Barry, 1999).
· Merit and Incentive Pay
· It has been noted that when officers are offered incentive pay
for whistle blowing corrupt officers, the rate of corruption is
decreased. In addition, when officers are comfortable with their
rate of pay, merit increases, etc. these officers are less likely to
involve themselves in any type of corruption (Allen, 2003).
Final Paper
In my opinion, the paper should be a combination of all the
members of the group. The first part should include the various
practices of corruption in the police department and correctional
facilities. Second part should include all the recommendations
suggest to help prevent corruption in these departments. This
part should include the importance of all the ethical issues that
need to be addressed.
14. References
Allan, D. (2003, May 27). POLICE RECRUITING AND ITS
IMPACT ON CORRUPTION. In emich.edu. Retrieved
December 2, 2014, from
http://www.emich.edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff/Polic
e%20Personnel%20(e.g.,%20Selection,%20%20Promotion)/Poli
ce%20Recruiting%20and%20Its%20Impact%20on%20Corruptio
n.pdf
Analysis of Police Corruption. (n.d.). In policecrimes.com.
Retrieved December 2, 2014, from
http://www.policecrimes.com/policecorruption.html
Barnhart, T. (2010, February 15). Deviance and Corruption. In
corrections.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from
http://www.corrections.com/news/article/23579-deviance-and-
corruption
Barry, D. (1999, December). HANDLING POLICE
MISCONDUCT IN AN ETHICAL WAY. In pegasus.cc.ucf.edu.
Retrieved December 2, 2014, from
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~cjreg/ethpolcor.htm
McCarthy, B. (n.d.). Keeping an Eye on the Keeper [Prison
Corruption and its Control]. In leo.riohondo.edu. Retrieved
December 2, 2014, from
http://leo.riohondo.edu/aj508/aj250u9.htm
White, S. (1999, June 4). Controlling Police Corruption.
Retrieved December 2, 2014, from
http://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/